ÿWPC} ›`¿ïe›eq:U!LCÚ d¤d-³ÿÁ*Â~Þgˆ-/žÒ/ê€3.c–7üúêöži¯Í· BëùœÏZÁ7pЉ{*[ü±ø}þN‰˜®lhu³ŠªnÊÍÔª`ý¼Âs[×8èŽA:›?4|Š6ﯻõß2Kî¾q›­¼¸ÛSÀ ë°c›¾ª›¡Vê]h­Gu&­’ "óÃOn‡ô:´4ÕÎ|ÒÞ™1V= %%‘ž & v#ÎsfjôÒ©;ÉâIÄÉ[ýùaØT‰ŽÒ»í@lÛõ>Ý0²Dù4hm¢¨½«õšvK ƒ7±Þ¯¯KÙ•?f\ÚÅ‚°u»2Kœî.o¶·qId8BN–»’«žÅŶÏ%8@£ p¸¸FkNA„q‰û¥ÇÞÎ?æsMfTèQûõÈš´N_'œ²:kÕg&F?±öšå8ä#Ì£Þ 5ø‰û<=å]+$mµÊõœYíÿøV‘ÅŸMµì=¸é§NŒF&JvøŸ_’k¶W‚@4WaÃ4ì7Æ-ôTµ(}ôÃf=Lx2¦µ!8éÙ³PP*È JUÉp•EÙªk…Z¹ÆÇÞK¥ÉßɺAWŰãµ­.ÁÍë?wy'ž¿†cU>–ÌÔ 0µ  0<U 0Y‘ 0_ê 0iIƲ 0Ñx 0(I D+q AMœ œ œ é 0Nù 0¶G #Áý UN¾ % M(N>^ @wL4Pd mfô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Alberto Grille Motta v. Uruguay, Communication No. 11/1977 (29 July 1980), U.N. Doc. CCPR/4980), U.N. Doc. CCPR/"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(©2DN$££Ý ƒC!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XéßXXXÔÔ€XéßXXXéßÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔ(ŽC$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xä;XXXÔÔ€Xä;XXXä;Ô˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX}û* Äpì*c(„³CorelÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒC!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XéßXXXÔÔ€XéßXXXéßÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔMottaÔ_Ô€et€al.€v.€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€11/1977Ð H˜ ÐÌ29€July€1980Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Alberto€Grille€Ô_ÔMottaÔ_Ô€on€25€April€1977€Ð xÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimsóó:€The€author€and€other€persons€Ð D”  ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Uruguay€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€adoption€of€viewsóó:€29€July€1980€(tenth€session)€óóÐ Ü, ÐÌÓ  ÓÌò òòòViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocolóóó ó*Ð ŽÞ ÐÓñÓÌÌÓ  Ó1.€The€author€of€this€communication€(initial€letter€dated€25€April€1977€and€further€letterÐ @ Ðdated€12€December€1978)€is€a€Uruguayan€national,€residing€in€Mexico.€He€submitted€theÐ &v Ðcommunication€on€his€own€behalf€as€well€as€on€behalf€of€other€persons€who€allegedly€wereÐ  \ Ðnot€in€a€position€to€submit€a€communication€on€their€own.€Ð òB ÐÌ2.€The€author€claims€that€on€7€February€1976€he€was€arrested€by€a€group€of€MontevideoÐ ¾ Ðpolicemen€at€the€house€of€a€woman€friend,€Ô_ÔOfeliaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔFernfindezÔ_Ô.€They€were€both€brought€toÐ ¤ô ÐDepartment€5€of€the€National€Directorate€of€Information€and€Intelligence€(commanded€byÐ Š Ú Ða€superintendent€named€by€the€author),€where€after€several€hours€of€ill„treatment€he€wasÐ p!À  Ðinterrogated€for€the€purpose€of€obtaining.€an€admission€that€he€held€an€important€positionÐ V"¦! Ðin€the€Communist€Party€and€in€order€to€induce€him€to€identify€fellow€detainees€as€activeÐ <#Œ" Ðmembers€of€the€Communist€Youth.€Ð "$r# ÐÌThe€author€further€alleges€that€over€a€period€of€approximately€50€days,€he€and€his€fellowÐ î%>!% Ðdetainees€were€subjected€to€severe€torture;€he€cites€in€his€case,€inter€alia,€the€application€ofÐ Ô&$"& Ðelectric€shocks,€the€use€of€the€"Ô_ÔsubmarinoÔ_Ô"€(putting€the€detainee's€hooded€head€into€foulÐ º' #' Ðwater),€insertion€of€bottles€or€barrels€of€automatic€rifles€into€his€anus€and€forcing€him€toÐ  (ð#( Ðremain€standing,€hooded€and€handcuffed€and€with€a€piece€of€wood€thrust€into€his€mouth,€forÐ †)Ö$) Ðseveral€days€and€nights.€Mr.€Grille€Ô_ÔMottaÔ_Ô€specifically€names€several€alleged€torturers€andÐ l*¼%* Ðinterrogators.€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌThe€author€states€that€he€was€brought€before€a€military€judge€without€having€any€opportunityÐ -n(- Ðto€see€a€lawyer€beforehand€and€after€having€been€totally€isolated€from€the€outside€world;Ð ° Ðafter€making€a€statement€before€the€Military€Court€he€was€transferred€to€the€"Ô_ÔCilindroÔ_ÔÐ –æ ÐMunicipal",€a€sports€stadium€that€had€been€turned€into€a€prison€some€years€ago,€where€heÐ |Ì Ðremained€for€approximately€another€two€months.€Ð b² ÐÌMr.€Alberto€Grille€Ô_ÔMottaÔ_Ô€claims€that€on€20€May€1976€he€was€tried€by€a€military€judge€onÐ . ~ Ðcharges€carrying€sentences€of€from€8€to€24€years'€imprisonment.€Ð  d ÐÌOn€3€June€1976€the€author€and€three€of€his€fellow€prisoners€escaped€to€the€VenezuelanÐ à 0 Ðembassy€where€they€were€granted€"diplomatic"€asylum.€Ð Æ   ÐÌMr.€Alberto€Grille€Ô_ÔMottaÔ_Ô€claims€that€he€has€not€submitted€this€case€to€any€other€internationalÐ ’â  Ðinstance€and€that€he€has€exhausted€all€possible€domestic€remedies,€citing€in€this€connectionÐ xÈ  Ðthe€dismissal€by€the€Supreme€Court€of€Justice€of€Uruguay€of€his€appeal€against€certainÐ ^®  Ðdecisions€of€the€Military€Court.€Ð D”  ÐÌ3.€On€26€August€1977,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€decided€to€transmit€the€communicationÐ ` Ðto€the€State€party,€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€requesting€informationÐ öF Ðand€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibility.€The€Committee€also€decided€toÐ Ü, Ðrequest€the€author€to€furnish€further€information€on€the€grounds€and€circumstances€justifyingÐ Â Ðhis€acting€on€behalf€of€the€other€alleged€victims€mentioned€in€the€communication.€No€replyÐ ¨ø Ðwas€received€from€the€author€in€this€regard.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ4.€By€letter€dated€27€October€1977,€the€State€party€objected€to€the€admissibility€of€theÐ Zª Ðcommunication€on€two€grounds:€Ð @ ÐÌ(a)€The€same€matter€had€already€been€examined€by€the€Inter„American€Commission€onÐ  \ ÐHuman€Rights€(Ô_ÔIACHRÔ_Ô);€Ð òB ÐÌ(b)€The€alleged€victims€had€not€exhausted€all€available€domestic€remedies.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ5.€On€1€February€1978€the€Human€Rights€Committee,€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ(a)€Having€ascertained€that€the€case€concerning€the€author€of€the€communication€which€wasÐ V"¦! Ðbefore€Ô_ÔIACHRÔ_Ô€could€not€concern€the€same€matter€as€it€was€submitted€to€Ô_ÔIACHRÔ_Ô€on€Ô_ÔI0Ô_ÔÐ <#Œ" ÐMarch€1976€(prior€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€PoliticalÐ "$r# ÐRights€and€the€Optional€Protocol€for€Uruguay),€Ð %X $ ÐÌ(b)€Being€unable€to€conclude€on€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it€that,€with€regard€to€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðexhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€there€were€any€remedies€which€the€alleged€victim€shouldÐ º' #' Ðor€could€have€pursued,€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ(c)€Being€unable€because€of€the€lack€of€relevant€additional€information€from€the€author,€toÐ l*¼%* Ðconsider€the€communication€in€so€far€as€it€related€to€other€alleged€victims,€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌTherefore€decided:€Ð -n(- ÐÔ_Ô‡(a)€That€the€communication€was€admissible€in€so€far€as€it€related€to€the€author,€butÐ ° Ðinadmissible€in€so€far€as€it€related€to€other€alleged€victims;€Ð –æ ÐÌ(b)€That€the€text€of€the€decision€be€transmitted€to€the€State€party,€together€with€the€text€ofÐ b² Ðthe€relevant€documents,€and€to€the€author;€Ð H˜ ÐÌ(c)€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€of€the€Protocol,€the€State€party€be€requested€to€submitÐ  d Ðto€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€it€of€the€decision,Ð ú J Ðwritten€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€if€any,€that€mayÐ à 0 Ðhave€been€taken€by€it.€Ð Æ   ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€Committee€said€that€its€decisionÐ ’â  Ð"may€be€reviewed€in€the€light€of€any€further€explanations€which€the€State€party€may€submitÐ xÈ  Ðgiving€details€of€any€domestic€remedies€which€it€claims€to€have€been€available€to€the€authorÐ ^®  Ðin€the€circumstances€of€his€case,€together€with€evidence€that€there€would€be€a€reasonableÐ D”  Ðprospect€that€such€remedies€would€be€effective".€Ð *z  ÐÌ6.€After€expiry€of€the€six„month€time„limit€the€State€party€submitted€its€explanations,€datedÐ öF Ð6€November€1978,€which€consisted€of€a€"Description€of€the€rights€available€to€the€accusedÐ Ü, Ðin€the€military€criminal€tribunals€and€of€the€domestic€remedies€at€his€disposal€as€a€means€ofÐ Â Ðprotecting€and€safeguarding€his€rights€under€the€Uruguayan€judicial€system".€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ7.€In€a€letter€dated€12€December€1978€and€submitted€under€rule€93€(3)€of€the€provisionalÐ tÄ Ðrules€of€procedure€the€author€reaffirmed€his€previous€assertions€that€he€has€exhausted€allÐ Zª Ðdomestic€remedies€available€to€him€in€practice.€He€pointed€out€that€the€remedy€of€habeasÐ @ Ðcorpus€was€not€applicable€in€his€case€and€that€his€appeal€against€the€only€ruling€by€theÐ &v Ðmilitary€court€which€could€be€appealed€against€in€his€case€was€dismissed€by€the€SupremeÐ  \ ÐCourt€of€Justice€after€his€escape.€He€submitted€that€the€Committee€should€declare€that€aÐ òB Ðserious€violation€has€occurred€of€articles€3,€6,€7,€8,€9,€10,€14,€15,€17,€18€and€19€of€theÐ Ø( ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ8.€On€18€April€1979,€the€Committee€decided€that€the€submission€of€the€State€party,€dated€6Ð Š Ú ÐNovember€1978,€was€not€sufficient€to€comply€with€the€requirements€of€article€4€(2)€of€theÐ p!À  ÐOptional€Protocol,€since€it€contained€no€explanations€on€the€merits€of€the€case€underÐ V"¦! Ðconsideration€and€requested€the€State€party€to€supplement€its€submission€by€providing,€notÐ <#Œ" Ðlater€than€six€weeks€from€the€date€of€the€transmittal€of€this€decision€to€the€State€party,Ð "$r# Ðobservations€concerning€the€substance€of€the€matter€under€consideration,€including€copiesÐ %X $ Ðof€any€court€orders€or€decisions€of€relevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration.€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ9.€The€Committee's€decision€of€18€April€1979€was€transmitted€to€the€State€party€on€18€MayÐ º' #' Ð1979.€The€six€weeks€referred€to€therein€therefore€expired€on€2€July€1979.€More€than€threeÐ  (ð#( Ðmonths€after€that€date€a€further€submission€dated€5€October€1979€was€received€from€theÐ †)Ö$) ÐState€party.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ10.€In€its€further€submission€of€5€October€1979€the€State€party,€while€repeating€the€viewsÐ 8,ˆ', Ðexpressed€in€its€submission€of€6€November€1978,€namely€that€the€question€of€admissibilityÐ -n(- Ðshould€be€reviewed€by€the€Committee€in€the€light€of€the€explanations€given€by€the€StateÐ ° Ðparty€on€domestic€procedures€available€to€the€accused€and€reaffirming€its€conviction€that€itsÐ –æ Ðreply€of€6€November€1978€should€have€been€sufficient€to€settle€the€matter€once€and€for€all,Ð |Ì Ðadded€the€following€explanations:€Ð b² ÐÌMr.€Alberto€Grille€Motta,€who€had€already€been€detained€in€1967€for€causing€a€disturbanceÐ . ~ Ðon€the€premises€of€the€Central€Office€of€the€Department€of€Montevideo,€was€again€arrestedÐ  d Ðon€7€February€1976€under€"prompt€security€measures"€for€his€alleged€subversive€activitiesÐ ú J Ðfrom€within€the€clandestine€organization€of€the€proscribed€Communist€Party.€Ð à 0 ÐÌHe€was€placed€at€the€disposal€of€the€military€courts€which,€by€decision€of€17€May€1976,Ð ¬ ü  Ðordered€him€to€be€tried€on€charges€of€subversive€association€and€attempt€to€undermine€theÐ ’â  Ðmorale€of€the€armed€forces,€under€articles€60€(V)€and€58€(3)€respectively€of€the€MilitaryÐ xÈ  ÐPenal€Code.€Ð ^®  ÐÌAt€that€time,€contrary€to€what€is€stated€in€Mr.€Grille€Motta's€communication,€he€appointedÐ *z  ÐDr.€Susana€Andreassen€as€his€defence€counsel.€Ð ` ÐÌOn€3€June€1976,€Mr.€Grille€Motta€and€three€other€detainees€escaped€from€their€place€ofÐ Ü, Ðdetention,€thus€thwarting€the€course€of€justice.€Ð  ÐÌThe€allegations€that€the€author€of€the€communication€was€subjected€to€ill„treatment€andÐ ŽÞ Ðtorture€were€nothing€but€a€figment€of€the€imagination€of€the€author;€they€were€nothing€moreÐ tÄ Ðthan€a€further€example€of€the€campaign€of€defamation€being€waged€against€Uruguay€withÐ Zª Ðthe€object€of€discrediting€its€image€abroad.€Ð @ ÐÌ11.€The€Committee€has€considered€the€present€communication€in€the€light€of€all€informationÐ  \ Ðmade€available€to€it€by€the€parties,€as€provided€in€article€5€(l)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð òB ÐÌ12.€With€regard€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€Committee€has€been€informedÐ ¾ Ðby€the€Government€of€Uruguay€in€another€case€(No.€9/1977)€that€the€remedy€of€habeasÐ ¤ô Ðcorpus€is€not€applicable€to€persons€arrested€under€"prompt€security€measures".€Mr.€GrilleÐ Š Ú ÐMotta€states€that€he€did€in€fact€appeal€to€the€Supreme€Court€of€Uruguay€against€a€ruling€ofÐ p!À  Ðthe€military€court€and€that€his€appeal€was€dismissed.€There€is€no€evidence€from€which€theÐ V"¦! ÐCommittee€can€conclude€that€there€was€any€other€domestic€remedy€available€to€him€whichÐ <#Œ" Ðhe€should€have€exhausted.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ13.€The€Committee€therefore€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts€which€haveÐ î%>!% Ðeither€been€essentially€confirmed€by€the€State€party€or€are€uncontested€except€for€denials€ofÐ Ô&$"& Ða€general€character€offering€no€particular€information€or€explanation:€Alberto€Grille€MottaÐ º' #' Ðwas€arrested€on€7€February€1976.€About€one€month€later,€he€was€brought€before€a€militaryÐ  (ð#( Ðjudge€without€having€any€opportunity€to€consult€a€lawyer€beforehand€and€after€having€beenÐ †)Ö$) Ðheld€completely€incommunicado€with€the€outside€world.€On€17€May€1976€he€was€orderedÐ l*¼%* Ðto€be€tried€on€charges€of€subversive€association€and€an€attempt€to€undermine€the€morale€ofÐ R+¢&+ Ðthe€armed€forces€under€articles€60€(V)€and€58€(3)€respectively€of€the€Military€Penal€Code.Ð 8,ˆ', ÐThe€remedy€of€habeas€corpus€was€not€available€to€him.€He€was€arrested,€charged€andÐ -n(- Ðcommitted€for€trial€on€the€grounds€of€his€political€views,€associations€and€activities.€Ð ° ÐÌ14.€As€regards€the€serious€allegations€of€illtreatment€and€torture€claimed€by€Mr.€Grille€MottaÐ |Ì Ðto€have€continued€for€about€50€days€after€his€arrest€on€7€February€1976,€the€Committee€notesÐ b² Ðthat€it€follows€from€this€account€that€such€treatment€continued€after€23€March€1976€(the€dateÐ H˜ Ðof€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€for€Uruguay).€Furthermore,Ð . ~ Ðin€his€communication€of€25€April€1977,€which€was€transmitted€by€the€Committee€to€theÐ  d ÐUruguayan€Government,€Mr.€Grille€Motta€named€some€of€the€ofricers€of€the€UruguayanÐ ú J ÐPolice€who€he€stated€were€responsible.€The€State€party€has€adduced€no€evidence€that€theseÐ à 0 Ðallegations€have€been€duly€investigated€in€accordance€with€the€laws€to€which€it€drewÐ Æ   Ðattention€in€its€submission€of€9€October€1979€in€case€No.€9/1977.€A€refutation€of€theseÐ ¬ ü  Ðallegations€in€general€terms€is€not€sufficient.€The€State€party€should€have€investigated€theÐ ’â  Ðallegations€in€accordance€with€its€laws€and€its€obliga€lions€under€the€Covenant€and€theÐ xÈ  ÐOptional€Protocol€and€brought€to€justice€those€found€to€be€responsible.€Ð ^®  ÐÌ15.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€has€considered€whether€acts€and€treatment,€which€areÐ *z  Ðprimafacie€not€in€conformity€with€the€Covenant,€could€for€any€reasons€be€justified€under€theÐ ` ÐCovenant€in€the€circumstances.€The€Government€has€referred€to€provisions€of€UruguayanÐ öF Ðlaw,€including€the€"prompt€security€measures".€However,€the€Covenant€(art.€4)€does€notÐ Ü, Ðallow€national€measures€derogating€from€any€of€its€provisions€except€in€strictly€definedÐ Â Ðcircumstances,€and€the€Government€has€not€made€any€submissions€of€fact€or€law€to€justifyÐ ¨ø Ðsuch€derogation.€Moreover,€some€of€the€facts€referred€to€above€raise€issues€under€provisionsÐ ŽÞ Ðfrom€which€the€Covenant€does€not€allow€any€derogation€under€any€circumstances.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ16.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ @ ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€is€of€the€view€that€these€facts,€in€so€farÐ &v Ðas€they€have€occurred€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€entered€intoÐ  \ Ðforce€in€respect€of€Uruguay),€disclose€violations€of€the€Covenant,€in€particular€of:€Ð òB ÐÌArticles€7€and€10€(1),€on€the€basis€of€evidence€of€torture€and€inhuman€treatment,€which€hasÐ ¾ Ðnot€been€duly€investigated€by€the€Uruguayan€Government€and€which€is€therefore€unrefuted;€Ð ¤ô ÐÌArticle€9€(3),€because€Mr.€Grille€Motta€was€not€brought€promptly€before€a€judge€or€otherÐ p!À  Ðofficer€authorized€by€law€to€exercise€judicial€power;€Ð V"¦! ÐÌArticle€9€(4),€because€recourse€to€habeas€corpus€was€not€available€to€him.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ17.€As€regards€article€19,€the€Covenant€provides€that€everyone€shall€have€the€right€to€holdÐ î%>!% Ðopinions€without€interference€and€that€the€freedom€of€expression€set€forth€in€paragraph€2€ofÐ Ô&$"& Ðthat€article€shall€be€subject€only€to€such€restrictions€as€are€necessary€(a)€for€respect€of€theÐ º' #' Ðrights€and€reputations€of€others€or€(b)€for€the€protection€of€national€security€or€of€publicÐ  (ð#( Ðorder€(ordre€public),€or€of€public€health€or€morals.€The€Government€of€Uruguay€hasÐ †)Ö$) Ðsubmitted€no€evidence€regarding€the€nature€of€the€political€activities€in€which€Grille€MottaÐ l*¼%* Ðwas€alleged€to€have€been€engaged€and€which€led€to€his€arrest,€detention€and€committal€forÐ R+¢&+ Ðtrial.€Bare€information€from€the€State€party€that€he€was€charged€with€subversive€associationÐ 8,ˆ', Ðand€an€attempt€to€undermine€the€morale€of€the€armed€forces€is€not€in€itself€sufficient,€withoutÐ -n(- Ðdetails€of€the€alleged€charges€and€copies€of€the€court€proceedings.€The€Committee€isÐ ° Ðtherefore€unable€to€conclude€on€the€information€before€it€that€the€arrest,€detention€and€trialÐ –æ Ðof€Grille€Motta€was€justified€on€any€of€the€grounds€mentioned€in€article€19€(3)€of€theÐ |Ì ÐCovenant.€Ð b² ÐÌ18.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toÐ . ~ Ðprovide€the€victim€with€effective€remedies,€including€compensation,€for€the€violations€whichÐ  d Ðhe€has€suffered€and€to€take€steps€to€ensure€that€similar€violations€do€not€occur€in€the€future.€Ð ú J ÐÌ_____________Ð Æ   ÐÌ*/€€€The€text€of€an€individual€opinion€submitted€by€a€Committee€member€is€appended€toÐ ’â  Ðthese€views.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌÌò òòòÓ  ÓAppendix€ó óÐ *z  ÐóóÌÓüJÓÌòòIndividual€opinion€submitted€by€a€member€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€under€rule€94Ð Ü, Ð(3)€of€the€Committee's€provisional€rules€of€procedureóó€Ð  ÐòòCommunication€No.€11/1977óó€Ð ¨ø ÐÌòòIndividual€opinion€appended€to€the€Committee's€views€at€the€request€of€Mr.€ChristianÐ tÄ ÐTomuschatóó:€Ð Zª ÐÌI€can€see€no€justification€for€a€discussion€of€article€19€of€the€Covenant€in€relation€to€the€lastÐ &v Ðsentence€of€paragraph€13.€To€be€sure,€the€petitioner€has€complained€of€a€violation€of€articleÐ  \ Ð19.€But€he€has€not€furnished€the€Human€Rights€Committee€with€the€necessary€facts€inÐ òB Ðsupport€of€his€contention.€The€only€concrete€allegation€is€that,€while€detained,€he€wasÐ Ø( Ðinterrogated€as€to€whether€he€held€a€position€of€responsibility€in€the€outlawed€CommunistÐ ¾ ÐYouth.€No€further€information€has€been€provided€by€him€concerning€his€political€views,Ð ¤ô Ðassociation€and€activities.€Since€the€petitioner€himself€did€not€substantiate€his€charge€of€aÐ Š Ú Ðviolation€of€article€19,€the€State€party€concerned€was€not€bound€to€give€specific'€and€detailedÐ p!À  Ðreplies.€General€explanations€and€statements€are€not€sufficient.€This€basic€procedural€ruleÐ V"¦! Ðapplies€to€both€sides.€A€petitioner€has€to€state€his€case€plainly.€Only€on€this€basis€can€theÐ <#Œ" Ðdefendant€Government€be€expected€to€answer€the€charges€brought€against€it.€Eventually,€theÐ "$r# ÐHuman€Rights€Committee€may€have€to€ask€the€petitioner€to€supplement€his€submission,Ð %X $ Ðwhich€in€the€present€case€it€has€not€done.€