ÿWPC 1e}M9˜´ir—WNS˜XdçSäòwÿ³¹#ÇØÁo§9ÇKçÖEÅÜʃ1t7¨Ï¸jäCØÐnåÒvZ"Px8>˜m•û¹J¹¢g?Põ~°à®‚0ný=#Ë ü}/)=ü–AB7®ó“DÇúÇßzÊ—S`²F›ÕŠˆÉ|Ä@;|¥Š™Ç‰ÏD..8B@)vÍJP ü·DúÑkM<íä$.ÍRŸŸyˆ>sÐ)?y*p®úõ÷Tšë’>µ™\ _‚æ—Ç *ûÁA6«g¸ˆ™ß0Ý–NøÖê/“¦¬Ã$0§l\QÓÒLbV{+µyÎz¨e ¨@è½Èa1£Ôr¼, |ƒ ÃîG’Ë= ¯÷ÔRoꀙ8qðKÝ& ÍvèwšŸD0L1e6|ÉS·Èý敯ÙTÌ Ô’¶)¡xGÄЙFÕ¦ø!]?Þ•\"«¼Â’.i¬\ïúMR:U´\ m{ûH’àÿCúƒNA2Òü²¤Ìq´ð@þÇ€K`Ì wNBÄ*܈y‡}(,Î[YnA3ðOjW7t©EC]ÐÙKZýètÌßÔ™> ÆÃE ÈM^9Æ#!@ZU>l̪ 0µv 0<+ 0Yg 0_À 0iƈ 0ÑN 0( D+G AMr ¿ 0¶Ï #Á… UNF %” Mš (ž NÆ ^ È wÔ 4Ø ì mî ô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Luciano Weinberger Weisz v. Uruguay, Communication No. 28/1978 (29 October 1980), U.N. Doc4tober 1980), U.N. Doc"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(©2A$££Ý ƒÔ¼!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X XXXÔÔ€X XXX ÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ŽÔ¼$¡¡ÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X XXXÔÔ€X XXX Ô˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXe}û* Äpì*ê:i¢Ø+00ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒÔ¼!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X XXXÔÔ€X XXX ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòWeinberger€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€28/1978Ð H˜ ÐÌ29€October€1980Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Luciano€Weinberger€Ô_ÔWeiszÔ_Ô€on€8€May€1978€Ð xÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€Ô_ÔIsmaelÔ_Ô€Weinberger€Ð D”  ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Uruguay€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€adoption€of€viewsóó:€29€October€1980€(eleventh€session)€óóÐ Ü, ÐÌÓ  ÓÌòòò òViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóó€Ð ŽÞ ÐÓ ÓÌÌÓ  Ó1.€The€author€of€this€communication€(initial€letter€dated€8€May€1978€and€subsequent€lettersÐ @ Ðdated€16€June€1978,€11€February€1979€and€18€August€1980)€is€a€Uruguayan€citizen€residingÐ &v Ðin€Mexico.€He€submitted€the€communication€on€behalf€of€his€brother,€Ô_ÔIsmaelÔ_Ô€Weinberger,Ð  \ Ða€journalist€at€present€detained€in€Uruguay.€Ð òB ÐÌ2.€The€author€alleges€the€following:€His€brother€was€arrested€in€the€presence€of€his€Ô_ÔrelhtivesÔ_ÔÐ ¾ Ðat€his€home€in€Montevideo,€Uruguay,€on€25€February€1976,€without€any€warrant€of€arrest.Ð ¤ô ÐHe€was€held€incommunicado€for€nearly€10€months,€while€Uruguayan€authorities€denied€hisÐ Š Ú Ðdetention€for€more€than€100€days.€Only€in€June€1976€did€his€name€appear€on€a€list€ofÐ p!À  Ðdetained€persons,€but€still€his€family€was€not€informed€about€his€place€of€detention,€theÐ V"¦! Ðprison€of€"La€Ô_ÔPalomaÔ_Ô"€in€Montevideo.€During€this€period€of€Ô_Ô1OmonthsÔ_Ô,€he€suffered€severeÐ <#Œ" Ðtorture,€and€was€most€of€the€time€kept€blindfolded€with€his€hands€tied€together.€In€addition,Ð "$r# Ðlike€all€other€prisoners,€he€was€forced€to€remain€every€day€during€14€hours€sitting€on€aÐ %X $ Ðmattress.€He€was€not€allowed€to€move€around,€nor€to€work€or€read.€Food€was€scarce€(a€pieceÐ î%>!% Ðof€bread€and€thin€soup€twice€a€day€without€any€meat).€When€his€family€was€allowed€to€visitÐ Ô&$"& Ðhim€after€10€months,€serious€bodily€harm€(one€arm€Ô_ÔparalysedÔ_Ô,€leg€injuries,€infected€eyes)Ð º' #' Ðcould€be€seen.€He€had€lost€25€Ô_ÔkgsÔ_Ô€and€showed€signs€of€application€of€hallucinogenicÐ  (ð#( Ðsubstances.€At€the€end€of€1976€or€early€1977,€he€was€transferred€to€the€prison€of€"Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô"Ð †)Ö$) Ðin€the€Province€of€San€Jos~,€where€he€received€better€treatment.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌThe€author€further€states€that€Ô_ÔIsmaelÔ_Ô€Weinberger€was€brought€before€a€military€judge€on€16Ð 8,ˆ', ÐDecember€1976€and€charged€with€having€committed€of€fences€under€article€60€(V)€of€theÐ -n(- ÐMilitary€Penal€Code€("subversive€association")€with€aggravating€circumstances€ofÐ ° Ðconspiracy€against€the€Constitution€(Ô_Ôasociaci6nÔ_Ô€para€Ô_ÔdelinquirÔ_Ô€con€el€Ô_ÔagravanteÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔatentadoÔ_ÔÐ –æ Ða€la€Ô_ÔConstituci6nÔ_Ô).€Only€then€could€he€avail€himself€of€the€assistance€of€legal€counsel.Ð |Ì ÐCharacterizing€these€accusations€as€a€mere€pretext,€the€author€alleges€that€the€real€reasonsÐ b² Ðfor€his€brother's€arrest€and€conviction€were€his€political€opinions,€contrary€to€the€officialÐ H˜ Ðideology€of€the€present€Government€of€Uruguay.€He€asserts€that€Ô_ÔIsmaelÔ_Ô€Weinberger€wasÐ . ~ Ðprosecuted€solely€for€having€contributed€information€on€trade€union€activities€to€a€newspaperÐ  d Ðopposed€to€the€Government,€i.e.,€for€the€exercise€of€rights€expressly€guaranteed€by€theÐ ú J ÐConstitution€of€Uruguay€to€all€citizens.€Furthermore,€he€alleges€that€to€be€tried€on€a€chargeÐ à 0 Ðof€"Ô_Ôasociaci6nÔ_Ô€para€Ô_ÔdelinquirÔ_Ô"€amounted€to€prosecution€for€membership€in€a€political€partyÐ Æ   Ðwhich€had€been€perfectly€lawful€at€the€time€when€Ô_ÔIsmaelÔ_Ô€Weinberger€was€affiliated€with€it,Ð ¬ ü  Ðand€which€had€been€banned€only€afterwards.€In€addition,€he€maintains€that€his€brother€didÐ ’â  Ðnot€have€a€fair€and€public€hearing,€since€the€trial€of€first€instance€was€conducted€in€writing,Ð xÈ  Ðmilitary€judges€are€subordinated€to€the€military€hierarchy€and€lack€the€required€qualities€ofÐ ^®  Ðimpartiality€and€independence,€and€his€brother€only€had€the€assistance€of€counsel€afterÐ D”  Ðapproximately€10€months€of€detention.€Finally,€the€author€alleges€that€the€Ô_ÔjudgemeritÔ_Ô€againstÐ *z  Ðhis€brother€was€not€made€public.€Ð ` ÐÌThe€author€also€alleges€that€pursuant€to€Acta€Institutional€No.€4€of€I€September€1976,€(arts.Ð Ü, Ð1€(a),€(b)€and€2€(a))'€his€brother€is€now€deprived€of€the€right€to€engage€in€political€activitiesÐ Â Ðfor€15€years.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ3.€The€author€further€claims€that€in€practice€domestic€remedies€do€not€exist€in€Uruguay.€WithÐ tÄ Ðregard€to€the€recourse€of€habeas€corpus,€the€authorities€maintain€that€it€is€not€applicable€toÐ Zª Ðthe€cases€of€persons€detained€under€"prompt€security€measures",€while€an€appeal€against€aÐ @ Ðsentence€to€a€higher€tribunal€is€in€practice€ineffective.€Ð &v ÐÌThe€author€alleges€that€articles€2,€3,€7,€9,€10,€12,€14,€15,€25€and€26€of€the€InternationalÐ òB ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€have€been€violated.€He€states€in€his€letter€of€16€JuneÐ Ø( Ð1978€that€the€Inter„American€Commission€on€Human€Rights€took€note€of€his€brother's€caseÐ ¾ Ðand,€after€having€requested€a€report€on€it€from€the€Government€of€Uruguay,€decided€to€takeÐ ¤ô Ðno€further€action€in€the€matter€and€to€file€it€(case€No.€2134).€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ4.€On€26€July€1978,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€decided€to€transmit€the€communicationÐ V"¦! Ðto€the€State€party,€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€requesting€informationÐ <#Œ" Ðand€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibility.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ5.€By€a€note€dated€29€December€1978,€the€State€party€objected€to€the€admissibility€of€theÐ î%>!% Ðcommunication€on€three€grounds:€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ(a)€That€the€case€had€been€considered€by€the€Ô_ÔInterAmericanÔ_Ô€Commission€on€Human€RightsÐ  (ð#( Ð(No.€2134)€which€had€decided€to€shelve€it€when€the€complaint€had€been€withdrawn€by€itsÐ †)Ö$) Ðauthor;€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ(b)€That€the€date€of€the€alleged€violation€of€human€rights€(Ô_ÔIsmaelÔ_Ô€Weinberger€was€arrestedÐ 8,ˆ', Ðon€18€January€1976)€preceded€the€date€of€the€entry€into€force€for€'€Uruguay€of€the€CovenantÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ôand€the€Optional€Protocol€(23€March€1976);€Ð ° ÐÌ(c)€That€domestic€remedies€had€not€been€exhausted€(the€State€party€enclosed€an€annex€listingÐ |Ì Ðthe€domestic€remedies€in€the€Uruguayan€legal€system).€Ð b² ÐÌ6.€In€a€decision€adopted€on€24€April€1979,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€concluded:€Ð . ~ ÐÌ(a)€That€it€was€not€barred€from€considering€the€case€after€having€ascertained€that€case€No.Ð ú J Ð2134,€concerning€the€alleged€victim,€was€no€longer€under€consideration€by€the€Inter„Ð à 0 ÐAmerican€Commission€on€Human€Rights;€Ð Æ   ÐÌ(b)€That€it€was€not€barred€from€considering€the€case€although€the€arrest€of€the€alleged€victimÐ ’â  Ðpreceded€the€date€of€the€entry€into€force€for€Uruguay€of€the€Covenant€and€the€OptionalÐ xÈ  ÐProtocol,€since€the€alleged€violations€continued€after€that€date;€Ð ^®  ÐÌ(c)€That,€with€regard€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€on€the€basis€of€the€informationÐ *z  Ðbefore€it,€there€were€no€further€remedies€which€the€alleged€victim€could€have€pursued;€Ð ` ÐÌThe€Committee€therefore€decided:€Ð Ü, ÐÌ(a)€That€the€communication€was€admissible;€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ(b)€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Protocol,€the€State€party€be€requested€toÐ tÄ Ðsubmit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€it€of€thisÐ Zª Ðdecision,€written€observations€or€explanations€concerning€the€substance€of€the€matter€underÐ @ Ðconsideration€and€in€particular€on€the€specific€violations€of€the€Covenant€alleged€to€haveÐ &v Ðoccurred.€The€State€party€was€requested,€in€this€connection,€to€enclose€copies€of€any€courtÐ  \ Ðorders€or€decisions€of€relevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration;€Ð òB ÐÌ(c)€That€this€decision€be€communicated€to€the€State€party€and€to€the€author€of€theÐ ¾ Ðcommunication.€Ð ¤ô ÐÌ7.€The€six„month€time„limit€referred€to€in€the€Committee's€decision€expired€on€25€NovemberÐ p!À  Ð1979.€By€a€note€dated€10€July€1980,€the€State€party€submitted€its€written€explanations€underÐ V"¦! Ðarticle€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌ8.€In€this€submission€the€State€party€repeats€the€views€expressed€in€its€earlier€note€of€29Ð %X $ ÐDecember€1978€as€to€the€non„exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies.€The€State€party€points€outÐ î%>!% Ðthat€the€fact€that€Mr.€Weinberger€has€not€exhausted€the€available€domestic€remedies€isÐ Ô&$"& Ðproved€by€the€appeal€against€the€judgement€of€the€court€of€first€instance€which€the€defenceÐ º' #' Ðlodged€with€the€Supreme€Military€Court€on€19€August€1979€and€which€was€brought€beforeÐ  (ð#( Ðthat€Court€on€29€September€1979.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌAs€far€as€the€merits€of€the€case€are€concerned,€the€State€party€submits€that€lsmaelÐ R+¢&+ ÐWeinberger€was€not€arrested€because€of€his€political€beliefs€or€ideas€or€his€trade„unionÐ 8,ˆ', Ðmembership,€but€for€having€participated€directly€in€subversive€activities.€Ð -n(- ЇThe€State€party€further€contests€the€allegation€that€Ismael€Weinberger€has€not€been€affordedÐ ° Ðlegal€assistance.€The€State€party€submits€that€he€had€at€all€times€access€to€the€help€of€aÐ –æ Ðdefence€lawyer€of€his€choosing,€Dr.€Moises€Sarganas.€Ð |Ì ÐÌ9.€In€his€submission€dated€18€August€1980,€under€rule€93€(3)€of€the€provisional€rules€ofÐ H˜ Ðprocedure,€the€author€comments€upon€the€State€party's€reply€of€10€July€1980.€Ð . ~ ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€author€reiterates€that€they€are€inÐ ú J Ðpractice€inoperative.€In€substantiation€of€this€allegation€he€repeats€the€dates€relating€to€hisÐ à 0 Ðbrother's€arrest€(25€February€1976),€the€day€the€Government€aknowledged€that€arrest€(JuneÐ Æ   Ð1976),€the€day€charges€were€brought€against€him€(16€December€1976),€the€day€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðindictment€was€proz€nounced€(September€1978),€and€the€day€he€was€sentenced€by€a€MilitaryÐ ’â  ÐCourt€of€First€Instance€(14€August€1979).€The€author€points€out€that€these€dates€and€the€factÐ xÈ  Ðthat€no€final€judgemerit€has€been€pronounced€in€his€brother's€case€more€than€four€and€a€halfÐ ^®  Ðyears€after€his€arrest€prove€that€domestic€remedies€are€not€operating€normally€in€Uruguay.€Ð D”  ÐÌAs€regards€the€merits€of€the€case,€the€author€submits€that€the€State€party€should€haveÐ ` Ðexplained€and€specified€in€what€subversive€activities€Ismael€Weinberger€has€been€involved.Ð öF ÐIn€substantiation€of€that€allegation€the€State€party€should€have€complied€with€the€request€ofÐ Ü, Ðthe€Human€Rights€Committee€to€"enclose€copies€of€any€court€orders€or€decisions€ofÐ Â Ðrelevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration".€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ10.€The€Committee€has€considered€the€present€communication€in€the€light€of€all€informationÐ tÄ Ðmade€available€to€it€by€the€parties€as€provided€in€article€5€(1)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð Zª ÐÌ11.€With€regard€to€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€Committee€has€been€informedÐ &v Ðby€the€Government€of€Uruguay€in€another€case€(No.€9/1977)€that€the€remedy€of€habeasÐ  \ Ðcorpus€is€not€applicable€to€persons€arrested€under€"prompt€security€measures".€The€authorÐ òB Ðas€well€as€the€State€party€have€stated€that€an€appeal€was€lodged€on€behalf€of€lsmaelÐ Ø( ÐWeinberger€with€the€Supreme€Military€Court€on€19€August€1979.€Up€to€date€no€finalÐ ¾ Ðjudgement€has€been€rendered€in€the€case€of€Ismael€Weinberger,€more€than€four€and€a€halfÐ ¤ô Ðyears€after€his€arrest€on€25€February€1976.€The€Committee€concludes€that€in€accordance€withÐ Š Ú Ðarticle€5€(2)€(b)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€it€is€not€barred€from€considering€the€case,€as€theÐ p!À  Ðapplication€of€the€remedy€is€unreasonably€prolonged.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ12.€The€Committee€therefore€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts€which€haveÐ "$r# Ðeither€been€essentially€confirmed€by€the€State€party€or€are€uncontested€except€for€denials€ofÐ %X $ Ða€general€character€offering€no€particular€information€or€explanation:€Ismael€WeinbergerÐ î%>!% ÐWeisz€was€arrested€at€his€home€in€Montevideo,€Uruguay,€on€25€February€1976€without€anyÐ Ô&$"& Ðwarrant€of€arrest.€He€was€held€incommunicado€at€the€prison€of€"La€Paloma"€in€MontevideoÐ º' #' Ðfor€more€than€100€days€and€could€be€visited€by€family€members€only€10€months€after€hisÐ  (ð#( Ðarrest.€During€this€period,€he€was€most€of€the€time€kept€blindfolded€with€his€hands€tiedÐ †)Ö$) Ðtogether.€As€a€result€of€the€treatment€received€during€detention,€he€suffered€serious€physicalÐ l*¼%* Ðinjuries€(one€arm€paralysed,€leg€injuries€and€infected€eyes)€and€substantial€loss€of€weight.€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌlsmael€Weinberger€was€first€brought€before€a€judge€and€charged€on€16€December€1976,Ð -n(- Ðalmost€10€months€after€his€arrest.€On€14€August€1979,€three€and€a€half€years€after€his€arrest,Ð ° Ðhe€was€sentenced€to€eight€years€of€imprisonment€by€the€Military€judge€of€the€Court€of€FirstÐ –æ ÐInstance€for€"subversive€association"€(art.€60€(V)€of€the€Military€Penal€Code)€withÐ |Ì Ðaggravating€circumstances€of€conspiracy€against€the€Constitution.€The€concrete€factual€basisÐ b² Ðof€this€offence€has€not€been€explained€by€the€Government€of€Uruguay,€although€the€authorÐ H˜ Ðof€the€communication€claims€that€the€true€reasons€were€that€his€brother€had€contributedÐ . ~ Ðinformation€on€trade„union€activities€to€a€newspaper€opposed€to€the€Government€and€hisÐ  d Ðmembership€in€a€political€party€which€had€lawfully€existed€while€the€membership€lasted.€TheÐ ú J ÐCommittee€further€notes€in€this€connection€that€the€State€party€did€not€comply€with€theÐ à 0 ÐCommittee's€request€to€enclose€copies€of€any€court€orders€or€decisions€of€relevance€to€theÐ Æ   Ðmatter€under€consideration.€Ismael€Weinberger€was€not€granted€the€assistance€of€counselÐ ¬ ü  Ðduring€the€first€10€months€of€his€detention.€Neither€the€alleged€victim€nor€his€counsel€hadÐ ’â  Ðthe€right€to€be€present€at€the€trial,€the€proceedings€being€conducted€in€writing.€TheÐ xÈ  Ðjudgement€handed€down€against€him€was€not€made€public.€Ð ^®  ÐÌPursuant€to€Acta€lnstitucional€No.€4€of€1€September€1976,€lsmael€Weinberger€is€deprived€ofÐ *z  Ðthe€right€to€engage€in€political€activities€for€15€years.€Ð ` ÐÌ13.€As€regards€the€treatment€to€which€lsmael€Weinberger€has€been€subjected,€the€CommitteeÐ Ü, Ðnotes€that€the€State€party€did€not€at€all€comment€thereon€in€its€submission€of€10€July€1980.€Ð  ÐÌ14.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€has€considered€whether€acts€and€treatment,€which€areÐ ŽÞ Ðprimafacie€not€in€conformity€with€the€Covenant,€could€for€any€reasons€be€justified€under€theÐ tÄ ÐCovenant€in€the€circumstances.€The€Government€has€referred€to€provisions€of€UruguayanÐ Zª Ðlaw,€including€the€"prompt€security€measures".€The€Covenant€(art.€4)€allows€nationalÐ @ Ðmeasures€derogating€from€some€of€its€provisions€only€in€strictly€defined€circumstances,€andÐ &v Ðthe€Government€has€not€made€any€submissions€of€fact€or€law€to€justify€such€derogation.Ð  \ ÐMoreover,€some€of€the€facts€referred€to€above€raise€issues€under€provisions€from€which€theÐ òB ÐCovenant€does€not€allow€any€derogation€under€any€circumstances.€Ð Ø( ÐÌ15.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€is€aware€that€under€the€legislation€of€many€countriesÐ ¤ô Ðcriminal€oftenders€may€be€deprived€of€certain€political€rights.€Accordingly,€article€25€of€theÐ Š Ú ÐCovenant€only€prohibits€"unreasonable"€restrictions.€In€no€case,€however,€may€a€person€beÐ p!À  Ðsubjected€to€such€sanctions€solely€because€of€his€or€her€political€opinion€(arts.€2€(1)€and€26).Ð V"¦! ÐFurthermore,€in€the€circumstances€of€the€present€case€there€is€no€justification€for€such€aÐ <#Œ" Ðdeprivation€of€all€political€rights€for€a€period€of€15€years.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ16.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ î%>!% ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€is€of€the€view€that€these€facts,€in€so€farÐ Ô&$"& Ðas€they€have€occurred€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€entered€intoÐ º' #' Ðforce€in€respect€of€Uruguay),€disclose€violations€of€the€Covenant,€in€particular€of:€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌArticles€7€and€10€(1),€because€of€the€severe€treatment€which€lsmael€Weinberger€receivedÐ l*¼%* Ðduring€the€first€10€months€of€his€detention;€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌArticle€9€(3),€because€he€was€not€brought€promptly€before€a€judge€or€other€officer€authorizedÐ -n(- Ðby€law€to€exercise€judicial€power€and€because€he€was€not€tried€within€a€reasonable€time;€Ð ° ÐÌArticle€9€(4),€because€recourse€to€habeas€corpus€was€not€available€to€him;€Ð |Ì ÐÌArticle€14€(1),€because€he€had€no€fair€and€public€hearing€and€because€the€judgemeritÐ H˜ Ðrendered€against€him€was€not€made€public;€Ð . ~ ÐÌArticle€14€(3),€because€he€did€not€have€access€to€legal€assistance€during€the€first€10€monthsÐ ú J Ðof€his€detention€and€was€not€tried€in€his€presence;€Ð à 0 ÐÌArticle€15€(1),€because€the€penal€law€was€applied€retroactively€against€him;€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌArticle€19€(2),€because€he€was€detained€for€having€disseminated€information€relating€toÐ xÈ  Ðtrade„union€activities;€Ð ^®  ÐÌArticle€25,€because€he€is€barred€from€taking€part€in€the€conduct€of€public€affairs€and€fromÐ *z  Ðbeing€elected€for€15€years€in€accordance€with€Acta€Institucional€No.€4*€of€1€SeptemberÐ ` Ð1976.€Ð öF ÐÌ17.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toÐ Â Ðprovide€the€victim€with€effective€remedies,€including€his€immediate€release€andÐ ¨ø Ðcompensation€for€the€violations€which€he€has€suffered€and€to€take€steps€to€ensure€that€similarÐ ŽÞ Ðviolations€do€not€occur€in€the€future.€Ð tÄ ÐÌÌÌ____________Ð  \ ÐÌ*/€€€Institutional€Act€No.€4€of€I€September€1976:€Ð Ø( ÐÌ"{...]€The€Executive€Power,€in€exercise€of€the€powers€conferred€on€it€by€theÐ ¤ô Ðinstitutionalization€of€the€revolutionary€process,€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ"DECREES:€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ"Art.€1.€The€following€shall€be€prohibited,€for€a€term€of€15€years,€from€engaging€in€any€ofÐ "$r# Ðthe€activities€of€a€political€nature€authorized€by€the€Constitution€of€the€Republic,€includingÐ %X $ Ðthe€vote:€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ"(a)€All€candidates€for€elective€office€on€the€lists€for€the€1966€and€1971€elections€of€theÐ º' #' ÐMarxist€and€pro„Marxist€Political€Parties€or€Groups€declared€illegal€by€the€resolutions€of€theÐ  (ð#( ÐExecutive€Power€No.€1788/67€of€12€December€1967€and€No.€1026/'73€of€26€NovemberÐ †)Ö$) Ð1973;€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ"(b)€All€persons€who€have€been€tried€for€crimes€against€the€nation.€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ð"Art.€2.€The€following€shall€be€prohibited,€for€a€term€of€15€years,€from€engaging€in€any€ofÐ ° Ðthe€activities€of€a€political€nature€authorized€by€the€Constitution€of€the€Republic,€except€theÐ –æ Ðvote:€Ð |Ì ÐÌ"(a)€All€candidates€for€elective€office€on€the€lists€for€the€1966€and€1971€elections€of€theÐ H˜ ÐPolitical€Organizations€which€were€electorally€associated€with€the€organizations€mentionedÐ . ~ Ðin€the€preceding€article,€subparagraph€(a),€under€the€same€coincidental€or€joint€slogan€orÐ  d Ðsubslogan;€[..]