’WPC®  „?(¾˜]„Š!Ė–ß-ķĮéÓŽõfNbć ^®2ŁD$‚ŃQKķĄå””‰å”īJ©›n.Q< ÅÅÖ |Ø$¤  Øß݈åČ’é`Šö—›†±ž#h£Ģ—F$fįÖŠTQČĢÉ!F‰=gNÉóß75ŸRķp÷ß[Lσšó¦!šéšäN֕ūUe{˜ųó_€ Ųm·oż·²ėĖFh=`+Ū² ×rŁq÷Xļ¦TŌŗ»FŽ’"ß| )AŠ£…Ž8Qį7¾qĶī Rm0¬o;CŖ½«X47J: IQ2Rį/}Ģ8Tx;FŻ¢—C2‹—Q&…ż¼øƒŻÓķ« ÄŸ=ovÆ{œ&åˆ4CoYš«+GČøžµoß Ńeū.źhPW@ h“*Åŗ+ī÷ģw”ģ(fEfŹŹ/Öõŗ…»˜ūp¶a÷Ę3©§¹.ėßŽŅ„FĄ¬7ł·ÖµÄ8ʂš¬M³TW-“”A0ŁŻbē± IŸ"ēUn¶ń‡a‚«ü®†LBzŠäµO—įDT„r€E³§$ʲ³„vҘVBŅ6*=š¹üKŽ=eZŠĪ“nmŒ ßŲ\&JŖ--aRsā}0ś=-iHZ#ĮģUN­ %ū 0: ^ ; wG 4K _ n mp ‡ N                                                                             B‘ ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSČŚŲŚŚŲČŚ0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ūœ$””ŌUKUS.,Ō)œu) 'gt).bk1X 3|x’U‹’ĄĄĄ  dŻ ƒūœ!ŻŌUKUS.,ŌŻ  ŻŌ_Ōņ ņHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEŠ ° ŠĢņņA.€A.€v.€JamaicaóóŠ ˆŲ ŠĢCommunication€No.€251/1987Š `° ŠĢ30€October€1989Š 8 ˆ ŠĢĢADMISSIBILITYó óŠ ü L  ŠĢĢņņņņSubmitted€byóó:€€A.€A.€[name€deleted]Š Ą  ŠĢņņAlleged€victimóó:€€The€authorŠ ˜č  ŠĢņņState€partyóó:€€JamaicaŠ pĄ ŠĢņņDate€of€communicationóó:€€24€August€1987€(date€of€initial€letter)óóŠ H˜ ŠĢĢņņÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilŠ  \ Šand€Political€Rights,Š ųH ŠĢņņMeetingóó€on€30€October€1989,Š Š  ŠĢņņAdoptsóó€the€following:Š Øų ŠĢĢņņņ ņÓ  ÓDecision€on€admissibilityó óóóŠ l¼ ŠÓ>ÓĢĢ1.€€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€submission€dated€24€August€1987€and€subsequentŠ 0"€  Šcorrespondence)€is€A.€A.,€a€Jamaican€citizen€currently€awaiting€execution€at€St.€Catherine€DistrictŠ #l! ŠPrison,€Jamaica.€€He€claims€to€be€the€victim€of€a€violation€of€his€human€rights€by€Jamaica.€€He€isŠ $X" Šrepresented€by€counsel.Š ō$D # ŠĢ2.1€€The€author€claims€that€on€15€July€1979,€ņņ€aóó/€on€his€way€home€from€work€in€the€Parish€of€St.€Ann,Š Ģ&"% Šhe€was€attacked€by€an€armed€person€who€allegedly€wounded€him€on€the€hands,€back€and€chest.€€InŠ ø'#& Šan€attempt€to€defend€himself,€the€author€fatally€wounded€the€assailant.€€The€author€receivedŠ ¤(ō#' Štreatment€for€his€injuries,€including,€as€he€claims,€several€stitches€š šabove€the€heartšš.€€He€wasŠ )ą$( Šsubsequently€arrested€and€charged€with€the€murder.Š |*Ģ%) ŠĢ2.2€€On€27€May€1981,€the€author€was€convicted€and€sentenced€to€death€in€the€St.€Ann€Circuit€court.€Š T,¤'+ ŠWith€respect€to€the€circumstances€of€the€trial,€the€author€claims€that€he€had€insufficient€opportunityŠ @-(, Što€consult€with€his€court„appointed€lawyer.€€Furthermore,€two€of€the€prosecution€witnesses€are€saidŠ ° Što€have€committed€perjury,€allegedly€because€they€had€š šbribedšš€the€deceased€to€attack€the€author.€Š œģ ŠSome€of€the€evidence€presented€by€the€police€(apparently€the€arresting€officers),€the€author€submits,Š ˆŲ Šwas€equally€š šfabricatedšš.€€Several€witnesses€sought€to€testify€on€his€behalf;€one€of€them,€one€J.€B.,Š tÄ Šwas€allegedly€subjected€to€police€intimidation€after€his€testimony€and€did€not€return€to€court.€€Thus,Š `° Šthe€author€claims,€the€police€š šsabotagedšš€his€witnesses.Š L œ ŠĢ2.3€€On€22€September€1982,€the€authorššs€appeal€was€dismissed€by€the€Jamaican€Court€of€Appeal.€Š $ t ŠFrom€the€š šnote€of€oral€judgmentšš€delivered€by€the€Court€of€Appeal€and€transmitted€to€the€authorŠ  ` Šunder€cover€of€a€letter€from€the€Jamaican€Ministry€of€Justice€dated€2€November€1988,€it€transpiresŠ ü L  Šthat€the€lawyer€assigned€to€the€author€failed€to€appear€in€court,€and€that€the€appeal€was€dismissedŠ č 8  Šwith€the€author€unrepresented.€€The€text€of€the€oral€judgment€continues€as€follows:Š Ō$  ŠĢš šThe€Court€examined€the€Records€which€indicated€that€two€grounds€of€appeal€were€filed€byŠ ¬ü  Šapplicant€in€person€viz:Š ˜č  ŠĢ(Ō_ŌiŌ_Ō)€Unfair€Trial,€Š pĄ ŠĢ(ii)€Evidence€is€insufficient€to€warrant€a€conviction,€Š H˜ ŠĢand€then€he€added:€€Š  p ŠĢššFurther€grounds€of€appeal€will€be€filed€by€my€Attorney„at„Law,€Mr.€E.€S.,€Brownššs€Town€P.€O.,€St.Š ųH ŠAnn.ššŠ ä4 ŠĢNo€such€grounds€were€filed.Š ¼  ŠĢNo€further€grounds€of€appeal€were€in€fact€filed.Š ”ä ŠĢThe€President€of€the€Court€observed€that€on€the€evidence€for€the€prosecution€it€was€a€clear€case€ofŠ l¼ Šmurder.€€The€defence€consisted€of€a€Statement€by€the€Accused€from€the€dock€in€which€he€raised€theŠ X Ø Šissue€of€self„defence.€€The€Court€said€that€the€trial€judge€identified€the€issues€of€fact€and€gaveŠ D!” Šadequate€directions€on€the€law.€€The€application€was€dismissed€as€being€without€merit.ššŠ 0"€  ŠĢ2.4€€The€author€claims€that€he€has€been€the€victim€of€a€miscarriage€of€justice€both€during€his€trial€andŠ $X" Šthe€hearing€of€the€appeal,€and€that€he€should€have€been€acquitted€because€he€had€acted€in€self„Š ō$D # Šdefence.€€In€this€context,€he€quotes€from€a€decision€of€the€Judicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€CouncilŠ ą%0!$ Šthat€he€alleges€should,€if€applied€to€his€situation,€lead€to€his€acquittal.€€The€author€does€not€provideŠ Ģ&"% Šany€details€about€this€decision€but€alleges€that€some€of€the€guidelines€laid€down€in€it€were€notŠ ø'#& Šfollowed€in€his€case.Š ¤(ō#' ŠĢ3.€€By€decision€of€12€November€1987,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€transmitted€the€communication,Š |*Ģ%) Šfor€information,€to€the€State€party,€requesting€it,€under€rule€86€of€the€Committeeššs€rules€of€procedure,Š h+ø&* Šnot€to€carry€out€the€death€sentence€against€the€author€before€it€had€Ō_ŌhadŌ_Ō€a€chance€to€consider€furtherŠ T,¤'+ Šthe€question€of€the€admissibility€of€the€communication.€€The€author€was€requested,€under€rule€91€ofŠ @-(, Šthe€rules€of€procedure,€to€provide€several€clarifications€concerning€the€conduct€of€his€trial€and€hisŠ ° Šappeal,€and€to€provide€the€Committee€with€the€text€of€the€written€judgments€in€his€case.€€In€a€letterŠ œģ Šdated€21€March€1988,€the€author€provided€some€of€the€clarifications€sought€by€the€Committee€andŠ ˆŲ Šindicated€that€he€had€the€services€of€a€London„based€lawyer€for€the€purpose€of€filing€a€petition€forŠ tÄ Šspecial€leave€to€appeal€the€Judicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€Council.Š `° ŠĢ4.€€By€further€decision€of€22€March€1988,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeŠ 8 ˆ Štransmitted€the€communication€to€the€State€party,€requesting€it,€under€rule€91€of€the€CommitteeššsŠ $ t Šrules€of€procedure,€to€provide€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€theŠ  ` Šadmissibility€of€the€communication.€€The€State€party€was€further€requested,€in€particular,€to€provideŠ ü L  Šthe€Committee€with€the€texts€of€the€written€judgements€in€the€case€and€to€specify€whether€the€authorŠ č 8  Šretained€the€right€to€petition€the€Judicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€Council€for€special€leave€to€appeal.€Š Ō$  ŠThe€State€party€was€further€requested,€under€rule€86€of€the€rules€of€procedure,€not€to€carry€out€theŠ Ą  Šdeath€sentence€against€the€author€while€his€communication€was€under€consideration€by€theŠ ¬ü  ŠCommittee.Š ˜č  ŠĢ5.1€€In€submissions€dated€10€July€and€21€August€1988,€the€author€indicates€that€he€has€been€unableŠ pĄ Što€obtain€a€copy€of€the€written€judgment€of€the€Court€of€Appeal€in€the€case,€claiming€that€theŠ \¬ ŠRegistrar€of€the€Court€of€Appeal€had€informed€him€that€there€was€no€such€judgment.€€In€the€authorššsŠ H˜ Šopinion,€this€constitutes€inhuman€and€degrading€treatment,€since€he€has€been€on€death€row€since€MayŠ 4„ Š1981,€and€a€written€judgment€of€the€Court€of€Appeal€must€be€submitted€for€a€petition€for€specialŠ  p Šleave€to€appeal€to€be€entertained€by€the€Judicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€Council.€€It€is€submitted€thatŠ  \ Šhis€counsel€in€London€has€been€unable€to€file€a€petition€because€of€the€absence€of€this€writtenŠ ųH Šjudgment.Š ä4 ŠĢ5.2€€In€a€further€submission,€the€author€reiterates€that€his€legal€representation€throughout€theŠ ¼  Šproceedings€was€wholly€inadequate,€and€that€his€legal€aid€attorney€failed€even€to€file€further€groundsŠ Øų Šof€appeal,€as€he€had€requested.€€He€submits€that€generally,€because€of€the€insufficiency€of€fees€paidŠ ”ä Što€attorneys€working€on€legal€aid€assignments,€few€lawyers€ever€take€their€clientššs€interest€seriouslyŠ €Š Šin€capital€cases€and€that,€as€a€result,€many€inmates€have€lost€confidence€in€the€system€which,€onŠ l¼ Špaper,€provides€them€with€the€possibility€to€petition€the€Judicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€Council€forŠ X Ø Šleave€to€appeal.Š D!” ŠĢ6.€€In€its€submission€under€rule€91,€dated€7€December€1988,€the€State€party€argues€that€theŠ #l! Šcommunication€is€inadmissible€on€the€ground€of€non„exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies€and€that€theŠ $X" Šauthor€retains€the€right,€under€Section€110€of€the€Jamaican€Constitution,€to€petition€the€JudicialŠ ō$D # ŠCommittee€of€the€Privy€Council€for€special€leave€to€appeal.€€It€adds€that€legal€aid€would€be€availableŠ ą%0!$ Što€the€author€for€this€purpose€pursuant€to€Section€3,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Poor€Prisonersšš€Defence€Act.€Š Ģ&"% ŠThe€author€did€not€comment€on€the€State€partyššs€submission.Š ø'#& ŠĢ7.€€On€21€December€1988,€the€law€firm€representing€the€author€informed€the€Secretariat€that€seniorŠ )ą$( Šcounsel€instructed€to€prepare€a€submission€on€the€merits€of€a€petition€for€special€leave€to€appeal€toŠ |*Ģ%) Šthe€Judicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€Council€had€argued€against€the€merits€of€such€a€petition€in€mid„Š h+ø&* Š1988.€€Subsequently,€the€firm€had€received€a€copy€of€the€š šnote€of€oral€judgmentšš€of€the€JamaicanŠ T,¤'+ ŠCourt€of€Appeal,€dated€22€September€1982,€from€an€unrelated€third€party€in€the€United€States;€onŠ @-(, Šthe€basis€of€this€document,€counsel€had€been€instructed€to€prepare€another€opinion€on€the€merits€ofŠ ° Ša€petition.€€On€5€September€1989,€counsel€confirmed€that€her€firm€continues€its€efforts€to€bring€theŠ œģ Šauthorššs€case€before€the€Judicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€Council€and€informed€the€Committee€thatŠ ˆŲ Ša€petition€for€special€leave€to€appeal€could€be€expected€to€be€based€on€two€grounds:€the€issue€of€theŠ tÄ Šabsence€of€a€reasoned€judgment€of€the€Court€of€Appeal€and€the€question€of€the€authorššs€age€at€theŠ `° Štime€of€the€murder.Š L œ ŠĢ8.1€€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeŠ $ t Šmust,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€decide€whether€or€not€it€is€admissibleŠ  ` Šunder€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.Š ü L  ŠĢ8.2€€The€Committee€has€ascertained,€as€it€is€required€to€do€under€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€of€theŠ Ō$  ŠOptional€Protocol,€that€the€same€matter€is€not€being€examined€under€another€procedure€ofŠ Ą  Šinternational€investigation€or€settlement.Š ¬ü  ŠĢ8.3€€With€regard€to€the€requirement€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€Committee€has€notedŠ „Ō  Šthe€State€partyššs€contention€that€the€communication€is€inadmissible€because€of€the€authorššs€failureŠ pĄ Što€petition€the€Judicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€Council€for€special€leave€to€appeal.€€It€observes€thatŠ \¬ Šthe€author€has€obtained€representation€by€London€solicitors€for€this€purpose,€after€submitting€hisŠ H˜ Šcommunication€to€the€Human€Rights€Committee,€and€that€his€representatives€continue€to€prepareŠ 4„ Ša€petition€for€special€leave€to€appeal€on€his€behalf.€€While€expressing€grave€concern€about€the€delayŠ  p Šin€making€available€to€the€author€a€copy€of€the€š šnote€of€oral€judgmentšš€of€the€Jamaican€Court€ofŠ  \ ŠAppeal€in€November€1988,€the€Committee€cannot€conclude€that€a€petition€for€special€leave€to€appealŠ ųH Što€the€Judicial€Committee€of€the€Privy€council€must€be€considered€ņņa€priorióó€futile.€€It€therefore€findsŠ ä4 Šthat€the€requirements€of€article€5,€paragraph€2(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol€have€not€been€met.Š Š  ŠĢ9.€€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides:Š Øų ŠĢ(a)€€That€the€communication€is€inadmissible€under€article€5,€paragraph€2(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol;Š €Š ŠĢ(b)€€That,€since€this€decision€may€be€reviewed€under€rule€92,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Committeeššs€rulesŠ X Ø Šof€procedure€upon€receipt€of€a€written€request€by€or€on€behalf€of€the€author€containing€informationŠ D!” Što€the€effect€that€the€reasons€for€inadmissibility€no€longer€apply,€the€State€party€shall€be€requested,Š 0"€  Štaking€into€account€the€spirit€and€purpose€of€rule€86€of€the€Committeeššs€rules€of€procedure,€not€toŠ #l! Šcarry€out€the€death€sentence€against€the€author€before€he€has€had€a€reasonable€time,€after€completingŠ $X" Šthe€effective€domestic€remedies€available€to€him,€to€request€the€Committee€to€review€the€presentŠ ō$D # Šdecision;Š ą%0!$ ŠĢ(c)€€That€this€decision€shall€be€transmitted€to€the€State€party,€to€the€author€and€to€his€counsel.Š ø'#& ŠĢŌ_ŌņņóóŌ_ŌŌ_Ō_________Ō_ŌŠ )ą$( ŠĢņņaóó/€€The€Notes€of€Evidence€give€the€date€of€15€July€1980.