ÿWPC EÞÎMÇ™ø¾÷ð0dëÚm< F3ÜÃè¯ 0¿SˆuÔ~¨Fà9ÿ¾S‹ë›Ž– O‘ -=`—Ï‚a®šG“²‹hà­ù«°çR;¾vÿ0äÿ9ºÔf›ê`™è ƒ^çÁGF®Äì®ç ËC«ãúcUc^ iÐE;•ßXêEžvjûòÀ“_€¤ÙgAzÔÇ1 ”G«—‹Pû ^)óØ>2×!²ÛOIP7–[*}ü ºÇÜKýb¸ÂQóê šZ½lŠ…®}ZÑ&!ç)šê“ëC5_‚ Á:.`JÓüÀße°ÑHšóÔ„´ö-â¡Æ_i"¤@ÅËÀ¨8£ö,7;ƒXØ©£Øœù²ý“Œ¢­Ã‡ šPk1w\w(ŸHÕÛPµ¼{”„¾wï__m¡ï³71Nv(ðÍßÎTÐ2ÐE<¹٠¦Àöq¤R†ìï…x¯Ô—NƒJtý„§ ZÖ@ ÿuƒöZ÷,ƒ…nYÚ4‰5L¶RÜIvËÅèÿ‹ô’1K»õüÐý±|\Ö§Ü"­¼yQ0ιͣ.Hy>êë·Ì”\žu QÍ¡Ç€ž"'O¹EÁ…ÖpitÆxW’ë´ÁïqÞU>l̪ 0µv 0<+ 0Yg 0_À 0iƈ 0ÑN 0( D+G AMr ¿ 0¶Ï #Á… UNF %” Mš (ž NÆ ^ È wÔ 4Ø ì mî ô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Esther Soriano de Bouton v. Uruguay, Communication No. 37/1978 (27 March 1981), U.N. Doc. 4rch 1981), U.N. Doc. "Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(©2ô?$££Ý ƒ•o!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X!XXXÔÔ€X!XXX!ÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(Ž•o$¡¡ÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X6ïXXXÔÔ€X6ïXXX6ïÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX˜}û* Äpì*ê:i¢Ø+00ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ•o!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X!XXXÔÔ€X!XXX!ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòde€Bouton€v.€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€37/1978Ð H˜ ÐÌ27€March€1981Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Esther€Ô_ÔSorianoÔ_Ô€de€Bouton€on€7€June€1978€Ð xÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€The€author€Ð D”  ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Uruguay€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€adoption€of€viewsóó:€27€March€1981€(twelfth€session)€óóÐ Ü, ÐÌÓ  ÓÌò òòòViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocolóóó ó€Ð ŽÞ ÐÓÁÓÌÌÓ  Ó1.€The€author€of€this€communication,€dated€7€June€1978,€is€Esther€Ô_ÔSorianoÔ_Ô€de€Bouton,€aÐ @ ÐUruguayan€national,€residing€in€Mexico.€She€submitted€the€communication€on€her€ownÐ &v Ðbehalf.€Ð  \ ÐÌ2.1€The€author€alleges€that€she€was€arrested€in€Montevideo,€Uruguay,€on€19€February€1976Ð Ø( Ðby€members€of€the€"Ô_ÔFuerzasÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔConjuntasÔ_Ô"€(Joint€Forces),€with€no€warrant€of€arrest€beingÐ ¾ Ðshown€to€her.€She€was€allegedly€kept€in€detention,€without€charges,€for€eight€months€andÐ ¤ô Ðthen€taken€before€a€military€court€which,€within€one€month,€decided€she€was€innocent€andÐ Š Ú Ðordered€her€release.€However,€the€release€was€allegedly€only€effected€one€month€later,€onÐ p!À  Ð25€January€1977.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ2.2€The€author€claims€that€she€was€detained€at€three€different€places€(one€called€"El€Ô_ÔGalponÔ_Ô",Ð "$r# Ðanother€"La€Ô_ÔPalomaÔ_Ô",€with€the€third€one€being€not€known€to€her€by€name)€and€that€she€wasÐ %X $ Ðsubjected€to€moral€and€physical€ill„treatment€during€detention.€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ2.3€She€states,€inter€alia,€that€once€she€was€forced€to€stand€for€35€hours,€with€minorÐ º' #' Ðinterruptions;€that€her€wrists€were€bound€with€a€strip€of€coarse€cloth€which€hurt€her€and€thatÐ  (ð#( Ðher€eyes€were€continuously€kept€bandaged.€During€day€and€night€she€could€hear€the€cries€ofÐ †)Ö$) Ðother€detainees€being€tortured.€During€interrogation€she€was€allegedly€threatened€with€"moreÐ l*¼%* Ðeffective€ways€than€conventional€torture€to€make€her€talk".€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ2.4€The€author€states€that,€due€to€the€continuing€threats€and€tension,€she€signed€a€paperÐ -n(- Ðwhich€she€could€not€read,.€apparently€confessing€that€she€had€Ô_ÔartendedÔ_Ô€"certain€meetings"Ð ° Ðin€1974.€She€was€then€transferred€to€a€detention€Ô_ÔcentreÔ_Ô€called€"La€Ô_ÔPalomaÔ_Ô"€where€sheÐ –æ Ðallegedly€was€told€by€an€official€that€"people€came€to€recover€from€the€ill„treatment€sufferedÐ |Ì Ðat€the€first€place"€("El€Ô_ÔGalp6nÔ_Ô").€She€claims€that€at€this€second€place€of€detention€she€and€theÐ b² Ðother€detainees€continued€to€be€subjected€to€inhuman€and€degrading€treatment.€Ð H˜ ÐÌ2.5€In€September€1976€the€Ô_Ôauthi3rÔ_Ô,€together€with€other€women,€was€taken€to€a€third€placeÐ  d Ðwhere€conditions€grew€worse.€There€she€was€allegedly€kept€sitting€on€a€mattress,Ð ú J Ðblindfolded,€not€allowed€to€move,€for€many€days.€She€was€allowed€to€take€a€bath€every€10Ð à 0 Ðor€15€days.€After€approximately€one€month€at€this€detention€Ô_ÔcentreÔ_Ô,€by€the€end€of€which€sheÐ Æ   Ðhad€completed€eight€months€in€detention,€absolutely€incommunicado,€she€was€broughtÐ ¬ ü  Ðbefore€a€military€court€and€the€next€day€the€incommunicado€order€was€lifted.€Nevertheless,Ð ’â  Ðit€took€the€court€another€month€to€decide€that€the€author€was€innocent€of€any€offence€andÐ xÈ  Ðorder€her€release.€She€was€released€on€25€January€1977,€nearly€one€year€after€her€arrest.€Ð ^®  ÐÌ2.6€The€author€therefore€alleges€that€in€violation€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€andÐ *z  ÐPolitical€Rights,€she€suffered€arbitrary€arrest,€detention€without€charges€and€cruel€andÐ ` Ðinhuman€treatment.€She€further€claims€that€during€her€detention€she€was€keptÐ öF Ðincommunicado,€and€thus€deprived€of€any€contact€with€her€family,€lawyers€or€other€personsÐ Ü, Ðwho€could€file€a€recourse€on€her€behalf,€and€that€the€recourse€of€habeas€corpus€is€notÐ Â Ðaccepted€by€the€Uruguayan€courts€under€the€r~Ô_ÔgimeÔ_Ô€of€"prompt€security€measures".€SheÐ ¨ø Ðclaims€that€other€Ô_ÔrecoursesÔ_Ô€were€not€applicable,€since€once€she€was€taken€before€a€judge€heÐ ŽÞ Ðordered€her€release.€Finally,€she€alleges€that€it€is€impossible€to€expect€that€under€the€presentÐ tÄ ÐUruguayan€Government€compensation€for€the€wrongs€inflicted€on€her€would€be€granted.€Ð Zª ÐÌ2.7€The€author€maintains€that€although€she€was€arrested€a€few€days€before€the€entry€intoÐ &v Ðforce€of€the€Covenant€for€Uruguay,€her€detention€and€the€alleged€events€took€place€for€theÐ  \ Ðmost€part€after€23€March€1976.€She€states€that€she€has€not€submitted€her€case€to€any€otherÐ òB Ðinternational€body.€Ð Ø( ÐÌ3.€On€27€October€1978,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€decided€to€transmit€theÐ ¤ô Ðcommunication€to€the€State€party,€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure,Ð Š Ú Ðrequesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibility.€No€replyÐ p!À  Ðwas€received€from€the€State€party€to€this€request.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ4.€The€Committee€found,€on€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it,€that€it€was€not€precludedÐ "$r# Ðby€article€5€(2)€(a)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€from€considering€the€communication.€TheÐ %X $ ÐCommittee€was€also€unable€to€conclude€that€there€were€effective€domestic€remedies,Ð î%>!% Ðavailable€to€the€alleged€victim€in€the€circumstances€of€her€case,€which€she€had€failed€toÐ Ô&$"& Ðexhaust.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€found€that€the€communication€was€not€inadmissibleÐ º' #' Ðunder€article€5€(2)€(b)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ5.€On€24€April€1979,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decided:€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ1.€That€the€communication€was€admissible;€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ô2.€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Protocol,€the€State€party€be€requested€toÐ ° Ðsubmit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€it,€writtenÐ –æ Ðexplanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€if€any,€that€may€have€beenÐ |Ì Ðtaken€by€it;€Ð b² ÐÌ3.€That€the€State€party€be€informed€that€the€written€explanations€or€statements€submitted€byÐ . ~ Ðit€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Protocol€must€primarily€relate€to€the€substance€of€the€matterÐ  d Ðunder€consideration,€and€in€particular€the€specific€violations€of€the€Covenant€alleged€to€haveÐ ú J Ðoccurred.€The€State€party€was€requested,€in€this€connection,€to€enclose€copies€of€any€courtÐ à 0 Ðorders€or€decisions€of€relevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration.€Ð Æ   ÐÌ6.1€On€23€November€1979,€two€days€before€expiry€of€the€six„month€time„limit,€the€StateÐ ’â  Ðparty€informed€the€Human€Rights€Committee,€through€its€Chairman,€that€its€submissionÐ xÈ  Ðunder€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€would€be€presented€"as€soon€as€possible".€Ð ^®  ÐÌ6.2€On€13€February'€1980,€the€State€party,€again€through€the€same€channels,€informed€theÐ *z  ÐCommittee€that,€due€to€reasons€of€a„technical€nature,€its€submission€was€not€ready€andÐ ` Ðrequested€"a€reasonable"€extension€of€time€for€its€submission.€Ð öF ÐÌ7.€On€10€July€1980,€the€State€party€submitted€its€observations€under€article€4€(2)€of€theÐ Â ÐOptional€Protocol.€It€informed€the€Committee€that€Mrs.€Soriano€de€Bouton€was€arrested€onÐ ¨ø Ð12€February€1976€under€the€"prompt€security€measures"€because€of€"presumptiveÐ ŽÞ Ðconnections€with€subversive€activities";€that€on€2€December€1976€a€military€judge€orderedÐ tÄ Ðher€"conditional"€release€("libertad€con€cardeter€de€emplazada")€of€which€Mrs.€Soriano€wasÐ Zª Ðinformed€the€same€day.€The€State€party€further€submits€that,€on€11€February€1977,€Mrs.Ð @ ÐSoriano€applied€for€authorization€to€leave€Uruguay€for€Mexico,€which€was€granted€to€her€theÐ &v Ðsame€day.€It€categorically€refuted€the€allegations€of€mistreatment€made€by€the€author€of€theÐ  \ Ðcomplaint,€declaring€that€in€all€Uruguayan€prisons€the€personal€integrity€of€all€detainees€isÐ òB Ðguaranteed.€In€this€connection,€the€State€party€asserted€that€members€of€diplomatic€missionsÐ Ø( Ðin€Uruguay€as€well€as€members€of€international€humanitarian€organizations€are€free€to€visitÐ ¾ Ðany€detainee,€without€any€witnesses,€and€it€referred,€for€example,€to€a€recent€visit€by€theÐ ¤ô ÐInternational€Committee€of€the€Red€Cross.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ8.€The€Committee€has€been€informed€by€the€Government€of€Uruguay€in€another€case€(No.Ð V"¦! Ð9/1977)€that€the€remedy€of€habeas€corpus€is€not€applicable€to€persons€arrested€under€"promptÐ <#Œ" Ðsecurity€measures".€Ð "$r# ÐÌ9.€The€Committee€has€considered€the€present€communication€in€the€light€of€all€informationÐ î%>!% Ðmade€available€to€it€by€the€parties,€as€provided€in€article€5€(1)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ10.€The€Committee€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts€which€have€either€beenÐ  (ð#( Ðessentially€confirmed€by€the€State€party€or€are€uncontested€except€for€denials€of€a€generalÐ †)Ö$) Ðcharacter€offering€no€particular€information€or€explanation:€Esther€Soriano€de€Bouton€wasÐ l*¼%* Ðarrested€on€12€February€1976,€allegedly€without€any€warrant.€Although€her€arrest€took€placeÐ R+¢&+ Ðbefore€the€coming€into€force€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€andÐ 8,ˆ', Ðof€the€Optional€Protocol€thereto€on€23€March€1976€in€respect€of€Uruguay,€her€detentionÐ -n(- Ðwithout€trial€continued€after€23€March€1976.€Following€her€arrest,€Esther€Soriano€de€BoutonÐ ° Ðwas€detained€for€eight€months€incommunicado,€before€she€was€taken€before€a€military€courtÐ –æ Ðwhich,€within€one€month,€decided€that€she€was€innocent€and€ordered€her€release.€Her€releaseÐ |Ì Ðwas€effected€one€month€later€on€25€January€1977.€Ð b² ÐÌ11.€As€regards€the€serious€allegations€of€illtreatment€made€by€Mrs.€Soriano€de€Bouton,€theÐ . ~ ÐState€party€has€adduced€no€evidence€that€these€allegations€have€been€investigated.€AÐ  d Ðrefutation€of€these€allegations€in€general€terms,€as€contained€in€the€State€party's€submissionÐ ú J Ðof€10€July€1980,€is€not€sufficient.€Ð à 0 ÐÌ12.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€has€considered€whether€acts€and€treatment,€which€areÐ ¬ ü  Ðprimafacie€not€in€conformity€with€the€Covenant,€could€for€any€reasons€be€justified€under€theÐ ’â  ÐCovenant€in€the€circumstances.€The€Government,€in€its€submission,€has€referred€to€theÐ xÈ  Ðprovisions€of€Uruguayan€law,€such€as€the€"prompt€security€measures".€However,€theÐ ^®  ÐCovenant€(art.€4)€does€not€allow€national€measures€derogating€from€any€of€its€provisionsÐ D”  Ðexcept€in€strictly€defined€circumstances€and€the€Government€has€not€made€any€submissionsÐ *z  Ðof€fact€or€law€to€justify€such€derogation.€Moreover,€some€of€the€facts€referred€to€above€raiseÐ ` Ðissues€under€provisions€from€which€the€Covenant€does€not€allow€any€derogation€under€anyÐ öF Ðcircumstances.€Ð Ü, ÐÌ13.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ ¨ø ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€the€facts€as€foundÐ ŽÞ Ðby€it,€in€so€far€as€they€have€occurred€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€on€which€the€CovenantÐ tÄ Ðentered€into€force€in€respect€of€Uruguay),€disclose€violations€of€the€Covenant,€in€particularÐ Zª Ðof:€Ð @ ÐÌArticles€7€and€10€(1),€on€the€basis€of€evidence€of€inhuman€and€degrading€treatment€of€EstherÐ  \ ÐSoriano€de€Bouton;€Ð òB ÐÌArticle€9€{1),€because€she€was€not€released€until€one€month€after€an€order€for€her€release€wasÐ ¾ Ðissued€.by€the€military€court;€Ð ¤ô ÐÌArticle€9€(3),€because€she€was€not€brought€before€a€judge€until€eight€months€after€she€wasÐ p!À  Ðdetained;€Article€9€(4),€because€recourse€to€habeas€corpus€was€not€available€to€her.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ14.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toÐ "$r# Ðprovide€Esther€Soriano€de€Bouton€with€effective€remedies,€including€compensation,€for€theÐ %X $ Ðviolations€which€she€has€suffered€and€to€take€steps€to€ensure€that€similar€violations€do€notÐ î%>!% Ðoccur€in€the€future.€