’WPC™ F~qo\µÅß`.lĒńćm£ŸŠÄƒéAD±É693C£§1ÆĶ5|“A¼6®¢‘čøäzźŁŽtü× kćÜū%””%i¾­^NaA‘ä7!}ŅļŃŽIĄµ_]×]ó52Rn®‹ˆ[§ł’ńS}6ĒäŃĆG¢~xLD†»k1˜Ļš#Uė+^FdwŠĮ~čU* ”JÓDP»­1½ŌO\šKƒ7 ’&¼^ÆZ·ņ">¬ÖŖe^ƒčH] ėi%|P³£C½©#:ŻQÅNā2-7!.k¹ˆ•źĮ¹;'ā“'ĆPÕÆ Z3LłōņōōŸFóö‡ KśŠßÖ¤=lĖZ›¶#ųD¹¬Õƒˆy@~ŃķśüĶ(|—p°-dŹÓA,R/żŃ”ßÓęü qS*ImžJ.6`!.gõ ©)įeŅ{‚{\4o.b0§Ōk&ĢHo&UŸq äŽōBŽ»l¦?抭äךƟvNDķĒ`„ĘŲA6yµ„ī ¼a9ĶG„qIĢrµy÷Å{c3wm»ŚPµOwtˆÖõœ;vƒJ č[”‰Ā`Qś·ļ\"^Æ’ ¹F“~¢²Fs>ö}ēĀ}ÄüˆƒU>²Ģš 0µ¼ 0<q 0Y­ 0_ 0ieĘĪ 0є 0(e D+ AMø ø ø ø ø  0N 0¶c #Į UNŚ %(M.(2NZ^ \wh4l€ m‚ō\  `‹&Times New Roman' Alba Pietraroia Alba Pietraroia v. Uruguay, Communication No. 44/1979 (27 March 1981), U.N4 (27 March 1981), U.N"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ’’4Heading 3Ō S ŌÓ p^SÓŌ€£££Ōņ ņŌ  ŌŌ  ŌŌ€XXXŌó óÓ p^SÓ<’’:Default Para6’’4HyperlinkóóņņŌ ’ ŌóóŌ  Ō<’’:FollowedHypeóóņņŌ  ŌóóŌ  Ō< ’’:Normal (Web)Ō S ŌÓ =jSÓÓ =jSӁ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(©2#Ģ$££Ż ƒÅŽ!ŻŅܰŅŅܰŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€Xr>XXXŌŌ€Xr>XXXr>ŌŻ  Ż(’’$’’'dxd A<< c’’#|x(ĶO$——Ō’ŌņņóóŌ’Ō(ŽÅŽ$””ŅܰŅŅܰŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€Xk>XXXŌŌ€Xk>XXXk>ԘHP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ČhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX²}ū* Äpģ*ź:i¢Ų+00’U‹’ĄĄĄŻ ƒÅŽ!ŻŅܰŅŅܰŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€Xr>XXXŌŌ€Xr>XXXr>ŌŻ  ŻŌ_Ōņ ņHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEŠ ° ŠĢņņŌ_ŌPietraroiaŌ_Ō€Ō_Ōv.Ō_Ō€UruguayóóŠ |Ģ ŠĢCommunication€No.€44/1979Š H˜ ŠĢ27€March€1981Š  d ŠĢĢVIEWSó óŠ Ę   ŠĢĢņņņņSubmitted€byóó:€Alba€Ō_ŌPietraroiaŌ_Ō€in€January€1979€Š xČ  ŠĢņņAlleged€victimóó:€Rosario€Ō_ŌPietraroiaŌ_Ō,€also€known€as€Rosario€Ō_ŌRoyaŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌZapalaŌ_Ō€(author's€father)€Š D”  ŠĢņņState€partyóó:€Uruguay€Š ` ŠĢņņDate€of€adoption€of€viewsóó:€27€March€1981€(twelfth€session)€óóŠ Ü, ŠĢÓ  ÓĢņņņ ņViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóó€Š ŽŽ ŠÓ—ÓĢĢÓ  Ó1.€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€January€1979€and€further€lettersŠ @ Šdated€11€June€and€13€August€1979€and€18€August€1980)€is€a€Uruguayan€national,€residingŠ &v Šin€Peru.€She€submitted€the€communication€on€behalf€of€her€father,€Rosario€Ō_ŌPietraroiaŌ_Ō€(orŠ  \ ŠŌ_ŌRoyaŌ_Ō)€Ō_ŌZapalaŌ_Ō,€a€68„year„old€Uruguayan€citizen,€a€former€trade„union€leader€and€alternateŠ ņB Šmember€of€the€Chamber€of€Deputies€in€the€Uruguayan€Parliament,€at€present€detained€inŠ Ų( ŠUruguay.€She€states€that€from€his'€early€youth€her€father€had€worked€as€a€lathe€operator,€thatŠ ¾ Šhe€had€held€the€post€of€General„Secretary€of€the€National€Union€of€Metal€and€AlliedŠ ¤ō ŠWorkers€and€that€he€had€been€Vice„President€of€the€Trade€Unions€International€of€WorkersŠ Š Ś Šin€the€Metal€Industry.€Š p!Ą  ŠĢ2.1€The€author€claims€that€her€father€was€arrested€in€Montevideo€on€19€January€1976€withoutŠ <#Œ" Šany€court€order.€She€further€alleges€that€her€father€was€held€incommunicado€and€virtuallyŠ "$r# Šin€isolation,€since€not€only€the€place€in€which€he€had€been€imprisoned€but€also€the€fact€of€hisŠ %X $ Šarrest€was€kept€absolutely€secret€for€four€months.€She€submits€that,€thereafter,€the€familyŠ ī%>!% Šreceived€indirect€confirmation€of€the€fact€that€he€was€alive€and€in€detention,€her€motherŠ Ō&$"& Šbeing€visited€by€two€officials€asking€for€her€husband's€clothes.€After€two€further€months€theŠ ŗ' #' Šauthor's€mother€was€permitted€to€see€him€for€the€first€time.€The€author€submits€that€she€isŠ  (š#( Šnot€in€a€position€to€give€precise€details€of€the€treatment€her€father€suffered€during€that€firstŠ †)Ö$) Šperiod€of€his€detention€but€that,€at€least€on€two€occasions,€he€was€committed€to€the€militaryŠ l*¼%* Šhospital,€which,€according€to€the€author,€is€done€only€in€extremely€serious€cases.€Š R+¢&+ ŠĢ2.2€She€further€states€that€after€six€months€in€administrative€detention,€her€father€wasŠ -n(- Šcharged€on€10€August€1976€by€a€military€court€with€the€alleged€offences€under€the€MilitaryŠ ° ŠPenal€Code€of€"subversive€association"€("Ō_ŌasociacidnŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌsubversivaŌ_Ō'€')€and€"an€attack€on€theŠ –ę ŠConstitution€in€the€degree€of€conspiracy"€('€'Ō_ŌatentadoŌ_Ō€a€la€Ō_ŌConstituci6nŌ_Ō€en€Ō_ŌgradoŌ_Ō€deŠ |Ģ ŠŌ_ŌconspiraciOnŌ_Ō'€')€and€that,€in€May€1977,€the€military€prosecutor€called€for€a€penalty€of€12Š b² Šyears'€rigorous€imprisonment,€a€sentence€which€was€pronounced€by€a€military€judge€inŠ H˜ ŠSeptember€1978.€In€this€connection,€the€author€submits€that€her€father€did€not€enjoy€aŠ . ~ Šposition€of€equality€before€the€court€which€tried€him,€because€persons€arrested€on€chargesŠ  d Šof€trade„union€or€political€activities€are€subjected€to€systematic€discrimination€before€theŠ ś J Šmilitary€courts,€i.e.,€that€they€are€not€presumed€innocent€before€the€trial.€She€further€statesŠ ą 0 Šthat€her€father€has€been€prosecuted€and€held€guilty€for€acts€which€were€not€illegal€at€the€timeŠ Ę   Šwhen€they€were€committed.€She€submits€that€he€was€not€given€a€public€hearing,€since€theŠ ¬ ü  Štrial€took€place€in€writing,€the€accused€not€being€present,€and€that€not€even€the€judgementŠ ’ā  Šwas€made€public€in€such€cases.€She€further€alleges€that€the€tribunal€was€not€a€competentŠ xČ  Štribunal,€since€under€the€Constitution€military€judges€are€prohibited€from€trying€civilians.Š ^®  ŠShe€also€claims€that€the€choice€of€Ō_ŌdefenceŌ_Ō€counsel€was€prevented€by€the€systematicŠ D”  Šharassment€of€lawyers€who€tried€to€take€up€cases€of€political€prisoners.€The€author€furtherŠ *z  Šstates€that€the€case€is€now€before€the€military€court€of€second€instance,€beyond€which€itŠ ` Šcould€not€go,€and€that€her€father€is€at€present€held€in€the€"military€detention€establishment"Š öF Šat€Ō_ŌLibertadŌ_Ō,€after€having€been€held€before€in€various€other€military€units.€Š Ü, ŠĢ2.3€The€author€also€points€out€that€her€father's€right€to€take€part€in€public€affairs€wasŠ Øų Šsuspended€for€a€period€of€15€years€up€to€September€1991€under€the€provision€of€theŠ ŽŽ Š"Institutional€Act€No.€4"ņņ€1óó€dated€1€September€1976,€ordering€the€suspension€of€all€politicalŠ tÄ Šrights€of€"all€candidates€for€election€office,€appearing€in€the€1966€and€1971€election€lists€ofŠ ZŖ ŠMarxist€or€pro„Marxist€parties€or€political€groups€declared€illegal€by€Executive€PowerŠ @ Šresolutions€No.€1788/67€of€12€December€1967€and€No.€1026/73€of€26€November€1973".€Š &v ŠĢ2.4€The€author€declared€that€the€complaint€on€behalf€of€her€father€had€not€been€submittedŠ ņB Šfor€examination€under€any€other€procedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement.€WithŠ Ų( Šregard€to€domestic€remedies,€the€author€alleged€that€there€were€no€effective€local€remedies,Š ¾ Šhabeas€corpus€not€being€applicable€under€"prompt€security€measures"€when€the€prisoner€wasŠ ¤ō Šbefore€a€military€judge,€but€that,€nevertheless,€an€appeal€against€the€sentence€of€the€firstŠ Š Ś Šmilitary€instance€had€been€lodged,€although€no€appeal€was€possible€against€the€procedureŠ p!Ą  Šthat€led€to€the€sentence€of€12€years'€imprisonment.€Š V"¦! ŠĢ2.5€The€author€claims€that€the€following€provisions€of€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilŠ "$r# Šand€Political€Rights€have€been€violated€by€the€Uruguayan€authorities€in€respect€of€her€father:Š %X $ Š2;€7;€9€(1),€(2),€(3),€(4)€and€(5);€10€(1),€(2)€and€(3);€12€(2);€14€(1),€(2),€(3)€and€(5);€15;€17;€18Š ī%>!% Š(1);€19€(1)€and€22€(1€and€3).€Š Ō&$"& ŠĢ3.€By€its€decision€of€24€April€197%€the€Human€Rights€Committee€transmitted€theŠ  (š#( Šcommunication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€to€the€State€partyŠ †)Ö$) Šconcerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibilityŠ l*¼%* Šof€the€communication,€and€requested€the€author€to€furnish€additional€information€regardingŠ R+¢&+ Šthe€progress€and€outcome,€if€any,€of€the€appeal€lodged€and€in€substantiation€of€her€claim€thatŠ 8,ˆ', Šthere€were€no€effective€remedies€to€be€exhausted€in€the€case.€Š -n(- ŠŌ_Ō‡4.€In€response€to€the€Human€Rights€Committee's€request,€the€author,€in€her€letter€dated€11Š ° ŠJune€1979,€claimed€that€"judicial"€remedies€under€the€military€process€consisted€solely€ofŠ –ę Šan€appeal€against€the€decision.€She€stated€that€that€remedy€had€been€used€in€her€father's€case,Š |Ģ Šbut€that€it€remained€ineffective,€no€decision€having€been€given€to€date.€The€author€furtherŠ b² Šdrew€attention€to€her€father's€state€of€health,€claiming€that€he€was€suffering€from€variousŠ H˜ Šdisorders,€one€of€which€threatened€to€blind€him.€She€requested€the€Committee€to€call€uponŠ . ~ Šthe€State€party€to€report€promptly€on€her€father's€state€of€health.€Š  d ŠĢ5.€The€State€party,€in€its€response€dated€13€July€1979,€stated€that€the€case€of€RosarioŠ ą 0 ŠPietraroia€Zapala€had€been€submitted€to€the€Inter„American€Commission€on€Human€RightsŠ Ę   Šfor€consideration.€The€State€party€further€submitted€that€Rosario€Pietraroia€Zapala€had€beenŠ ¬ ü  Šarrested€on€7€March€1976€for€involvement€in€subversive€activities€and€detained€underŠ ’ā  Šemergency€measures,€that€he€had€been€charged€("procesado")€on€10€August€1976€before€theŠ xČ  Šexamining€magistrate€of€the€Military€Court€for€of€fences€committed€contrary€to€articles€60Š ^®  Š(V),€"subversive€association",€and€60€(XII)€in€conjunction€with€60€(i).clause€6€of€the€MilitaryŠ D”  ŠCriminal€Code,€"conspiracy€to€violate€the€Constitution,€followed€by€acts€preparatoryŠ *z  Šthereto".€The€State€party€further€stated€that€Rosario€Pietraroia€Zapala€had€been€sentenced€onŠ ` Š28€August€1978€to€12€years'€imprisonment,€that€the€legal€proceedings€instituted€against€himŠ öF Šhad€been€entirely€consistent€with€the€provisions€of€the€Uruguayan€legal€code,€that€he€hadŠ Ü, Šappeared€before€a€court€as€soon€as€his€trial€began€on€10€August€1978€ņņ2óó€and€that€for€hisŠ Ā Šalefence€he€had€benefited€at€all€times€from€the€legal€constitutional€guarantees.€Š Øų ŠĢ6.€On€14€August€1979,€the€Human€Rights€Committee,€Š tÄ ŠĢ(a)€Having€noted,€as€regards€the€question€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€that€the€StateŠ @ Šparty€had€not€raised€any€objection€to€the€admissibility€of€the€communication€on€this€ground,Š &v Šand€Š  \ ŠĢ(b)€Having€ascertained€that€the€case€concerning€Rosario€Pietraroia,€which€had€beenŠ Ų( Šsubmitted€to€the€Inter„American€Commission€of€Human€Rights€under€case€No.€2020,€hadŠ ¾ Šbeen€effectively€withdrawn,Š ¤ō ŠĢTherefore€decided:€Š p!Ą  ŠĢ1.€That€the€communication€was€admissible;€Š <#Œ" ŠĢ2.€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€beŠ %X $ Š.requested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€itŠ ī%>!% Šof€this€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€ifŠ Ō&$"& Šany,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it;€Š ŗ' #' ŠĢ3.€That€the€State€party€be€informed€that€the€written€explanations€or€statements€submitted€byŠ †)Ö$) Šit€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€must€primarily€relate€to€the€substance€of€theŠ l*¼%* Šmatter€under€consideration€and,€in€particular,€the€specific€violations€of€the€Covenant€allegedŠ R+¢&+ Što€have€occurred.€That€the€State€party€be€requested,€in€this€connection,€to€enclose€copies€ofŠ 8,ˆ', Šany€court€orders€or€decisions€of€relevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration;€Š -n(- Ї4.€That€the€attention€of€the€State€party€be€drawn€to€the€concern€expressed€by€the€author€ofŠ ° Šthe€communication€with€regard€to€the€state€of€health€of€her€father€and€that€the€State€party€beŠ –ę Šrequested€to€furnish€information€to€the€Committee€thereon.€Š |Ģ ŠĢ7.€In€a€further€letter,€dated€13€August€1979,€the€author€submitted€her€comments€on€the€StateŠ H˜ Šparty's€submission€under€rule€91€of€the€Committee's€provisional€rules€of€procedure.€ThoseŠ . ~ Šcomments€were€received€after€the€adoption€of€the€Committee's€decision€on€14€August€1979.Š  d ŠThe€author€reiterated€that€her€father€was€arrested€on€19€January€1976€and€that€for€nearlyŠ ś J Šeight€months€(from€19€January€to€10€August€1976)€he€had€not€been€brought€before€any€formŠ ą 0 Šof€judicial€authority.€Š Ę   ŠĢ8.€In€a€further€note,€dated€5€October€1979,€the€State€party€submitted€its€comments€on€theŠ ’ā  Šauthor's€reply€of€11€June€1979€to€the€Human€Rights€Committee's€request€for€furtherŠ xČ  Šinformation€under€rule€91€of€its€provisional€rules€of€procedure.€Concerning€the€state€ofŠ ^®  Šhealth€of€Rosario€Pietraroia,€the€State€party€informed€the€Committee€that€"because€ofŠ D”  Šcongenital€glaucoma,€his€left€eye€had€to€be€removed€by€surgery€carried€out€at€the€CentralŠ *z  ŠHospital€of€the€Armed€Forces€three€months€ago.€During€his€illness,€Mr.€Pietraroia€enjoyedŠ ` Šall€the€guarantees€of€medical,€surgical€and€hospital€care€afforded€to€all€detainees,€and€hisŠ öF Šcurrent€state€of€health€is€good."€Š Ü, ŠĢ9.€The€six„month€time„limit€referred€to€in€the€Committee's€decision€of€14€August€1979Š Øų Šexpired€on€12€April€1980.€By€a€note€dated€10€July€1980,€the€State€party€submitted€its€writtenŠ ŽŽ Šexplanations€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Š tÄ ŠĢ10.€In€that€submission,€the€State€party€informed€the€Committee€that€a€judicial€decision€hadŠ @ Šbeen€delivered€on€the€appeal€lodged€by€the€defence€of€the€alleged€victim€and€gave€theŠ &v Šfollowing€explanations:€Š  \ ŠĢOn€9€October€1979,€the€Supreme€Military€Court€rendered€a€judgement€in€second€instanceŠ Ų( Šconfirming€the€judgement€of€the€first€instance.€Consequently,€the€author's€assertionsŠ ¾ Šconcerning€domestic€remedies€are€wholly€groundless,€since,€at€the€time€of€submission€of€theŠ ¤ō Šcommunication€to€which€this€reply€refers,€the€domestic€remedies€could€not€be€consideredŠ Š Ś Što€have€been€exhausted.€Furthermore,€for€the€guidance€of€the€Committee,€the€GovernmentŠ p!Ą  Šof€Uruguay€reiterates€that€the€remedies€of€appeal€for€reversal€and€appeal€for€review€may€beŠ V"¦! Šexercised€in€respect€of€final€judgements€rendered€by€military€courts€in€second€instance.€InŠ <#Œ" Šsuch€cases,€the€court€of€justice€which€hears€and€delivers€a€decision€on€the€appeal€is€formedŠ "$r# Šby€five€civilian€members€and€two€high„ranking€officers.€With€regard€to€the€author's€requestŠ %X $ Što€be€informed€about€her€father's€state€of€health,€the€Government€of€Uruguay€has€alreadyŠ ī%>!% Šreplied€to€the€Committee,€explaining€the€reason€for€his€operation.€As€he€was€found€to€beŠ Ō&$"& Šsuffering€from€congenital€glaucoma€of€the€left€eye,€the€eye€had€to€be€removed.€In€the€courseŠ ŗ' #' Šof€that€operation,€carried€out€in€the€Central€Hospital€of€the€Armed€Forces,€and€also€duringŠ  (š#( Šhis€convalescence,€Mr.€Pietraroia€received€constant€medical€care,€just€as€all€detaineesŠ †)Ö$) Šneeding€any€kind€of€intensive€care€have€received€and€are€receiving€such€care.€He€is€currentlyŠ l*¼%* Šbeing€held€at€Military€Detention€Establishment€M.I,€and€his€state€of€health€is€good.€AllŠ R+¢&+ Šprisoners€receive€permanent€medical€care.€In€addition,€they€are€visited€regularly€by€eye,€ear,Š 8,ˆ', Šnose€and€throat,€and€heart€specialists.€Any€persons€requiring€more€specialized€care€and/orŠ -n(- Šsurgical€operations€are€taken€to€the€Central€Hospital€of€the€Armed€Forces,€where€they€remainŠ ° Šas€long€as€is€necessary€for€their€recovery.€Š –ę ŠĢ11.€In€a€further€submission,€dated€18€August€1980,€under€rule€93€(3)€of€the€Committee'sŠ b² Šprovisional€rules€of€procedure,€the€author€states€that,€with€regard€to€the€remedies€of€appealsŠ H˜ Šfor€reversal€and€for€review,€these€remedies€can€only€be€invoked€when€the€person€concernedŠ . ~ Šhas€served€half€his€sentence,€i.e.,€in€her€father's€case€in€two€years'€time.€Concerning€herŠ  d Šfather's€state€of€health,€she€maintained€the€following:€Š ś J ŠĢThe€deafness€from€which€my€father€has€been€suffering€since€the€early€months€when€he€wasŠ Ę   Šheld€incommunicado€has€not€been€treated,€since€it€was€diagnosed€as€an€"old€person'sŠ ¬ ü  Šcomplaint";€I€must€advise€the€Committee€that€he€had€never€before€had€hearing€problems.Š ’ā  ŠThis,€together€with€the€problem€of€his€sight,€is€a€consequence€of€being€beaten€about€the€head.Š xČ  ŠAs€a€result€of€being€strung€up€his€spine€and€collar„bone€have€been€damaged.€In€early€AprilŠ ^®  Šof€the€present€year,€one€of€his€forefingers€was€operated€on€because,€once€bent,€it€did€notŠ D”  Šreturn€to€its€normal€position,€but€the€operation€was€a€failure€because€it€did€not€correct€theŠ *z  Šdefect€and€he€has€been€suffering€from€pain€in€his€hand€ever€since.€Š ` ŠĢIn€the€barracks€where€he€was€detained€before€being€transferred€to€the€Libertad€prison,€whereŠ Ü, Šhe€is€held€at€present,€he€put€out€his€knee€performing€military€drill€and€his€leg€has€not€beenŠ Ā Šright€since.€A€short€while€ago€"he€fell€into€a€well€he€had€not€noticed"€and€gravely€injured€hisŠ Øų Šleg,€which€causes€him€considerable€pain.€Finally,€his€feel€get€very€cold,€which€is€a€sign€ofŠ ŽŽ Ša€serious€deterioration€in€his€physical€condition.€Nevertheless,€his€morale€is€high,€whichŠ tÄ Šaccounts€for€the€fact€that€his€physical€appearance€may€seem€good.€Š ZŖ ŠĢMy€father€is€now€68€years€old€and€unless€he€receives€constant€and€adequate€medicalŠ &v Šattention,€I€think€that€his€physical€condition€will€be€further€undermined€in€view€of€theŠ  \ Šharassment€and€'accidents'€to€which€he€has€been€and€continues€to€be€exposed.€Š ņB ŠĢ12.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€notes€that€it€has€been€informed€by€the€Government€ofŠ ¾ ŠUruguay€in€another€case€(No.€9/1977)€that€the€remedy€of€habeas€corpus€is€not€applicable€toŠ ¤ō Špersons€detained€under€the€"prompt€security€measures".€As€regards€the€question€ofŠ Š Ś Šexhaustion€of€domestic€remedies€the€Committee€observes€that,€notwithstanding€the€fact€thatŠ p!Ą  Šan€appeal€against€the€judgement€of€the€first€instance€was€pending€at€the€time€of€theŠ V"¦! Šsubmission€of€the€communication€in€January€1979€and€at€the€time€the€communication€wasŠ <#Œ" Šdeclared€admissible€on€14€August€1979,€the€State€party€did€not,€in€its€submissions€of€13€JulyŠ "$r# Š1979€under€rule€91€of€the€Committee's€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€raise€any€objectionŠ %X $ Što€the€admissibility€of€the€communication€on€that€ground€and,€in€any€event,€that€remedy€hasŠ ī%>!% Šsince€been€exhausted.€As€regards€the€possibility€of€invoking€the€remedies€of€cassationŠ Ō&$"& Š("casacidn")€or€review€("revisi6n"),€the€State€party€has€informed€the€Committee€in€severalŠ ŗ' #' Šother€cases€that€these€remedies€are€of€an€exceptional€nature.€The€Committee€is€not€satisfiedŠ  (š#( Šthat€they€are€applicable€in€the€present€case€and,€in€any€event,€to€require€resort€to€them€wouldŠ †)Ö$) Šunreasonably€prolong€the€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies.€Š l*¼%* ŠĢ13.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee€has€considered€the€present€communication€in€the€lightŠ 8,ˆ', Šof€all€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties€as€provided€in€article€5€(I)€of€theŠ -n(- ŠOptional€Protocol.€It€hereby€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts,€which€haveŠ ° Šeither€been€essentially€confirmed€by€the€State€party,€or€are€uncontested,€except€for€denialsŠ –ę Šof€a€general€character€offering€no€particular€information€or€explanation:€Š |Ģ ŠĢ13.2€Rosario€Pietraroia€Zapala€was€arrested€in€Uruguay,€without€a€warrant€for€arrest,€earlyŠ H˜ Šin€1976€(according€to€the€author€on€19€January€1976;€according€to€the€State€party€on€7Š . ~ ŠMarch€1976),€and€held€incommunicado€under€the€"prompt€security€measures"€for€four€to€sixŠ  d Šmonths.€During€the€first€period€of€his€detention€he€was€at€least€on€two€occasions€committedŠ ś J Što€the€military€hospital.€His€trial€began€on€10€August€1976,€when€he€was€charged€by€aŠ ą 0 Šmilitary€court€with€the€offences€of€"subversive€association"€('€'asociacidn€subversiva")€andŠ Ę   Š"conspiracy€to€violate€the€Constitution,€followed€by€acts€preparatory€thereto"€("atentadoŠ ¬ ü  ŠconIra€la€Constitucidn€en€el€grado€de€conspiracidn€seguida€de€actos€preparatorios").€In€thisŠ ’ā  Šconnection,€the€Committee€notes€that€the€Government€of€Uruguay€has€offered€noŠ xČ  Šexplanations€as€regards€the€concrete€factual€basis€of€the€of€fences€for€which€RosarioŠ ^®  ŠPietraroia€was€charged€in€order€to€refute€the€claim€that€he€was€arrested,€charged€andŠ D”  Šconvicted€on€account€of€his€prior€political€and€trade„union€activities€which€had€been€lawfulŠ *z  Šat€the€time€engaged€in.€In€May€1977,€the€military€prosecutor€called€for€a€penalty€of€12€years'Š ` Šrigorous€imprisonment€and€on€28€August€1978€Rosario€Pietraroia€was€sentenced€to€12€years'Š öF Šimprisonment,€in€a€closed€trial,€conducted€in€writing€and€without€his€presence.€His€right€toŠ Ü, Ša€defence€counsel€of€his€own€choice€was€curtailed,€and€the€judgement€of€the€court€was€notŠ Ā Šmade€public.€On€9€October€1979,€the€Supreme€Military€Court€rendered€a€judgement€ofŠ Øų Šsecond€instance,€confirming€the€judgement€of€the€first€instance.€The€Committee€notes€thatŠ ŽŽ Šthe€State€party€did€not€comply€with€the€Committee's€request€to€enclose€copies€of€any€courtŠ tÄ Šorders€or€decisions€of€relevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration.€Pursuant€to€ActaŠ ZŖ ŠInstituci6nal€No.€4€of€I€September€1976,€Rosario€Pietraroia€is€deprived€of€the€right€to€engageŠ @ Šin€political€activities€for€15€years.€Š &v ŠĢ14.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€has€considered€whether€acts€and€treatment€which€areŠ ņB Šprimafacie€not€in€conformity€with€the€Covenant€could,€for€any€reasons,€be€justified€underŠ Ų( Šthe€Covenant€in€the€circumstances.€The€Government€has€referred€to€provisions€of€UruguayanŠ ¾ Šlaw,€including€the€"prompt€security€measures".€The€Covenant€(art.€4)€allows€nationalŠ ¤ō Šmeasures€derogating€from€some€of€its€provisions€only€in€strictly€defined€circumstances,€andŠ Š Ś Šthe€Government€has€not€made€any€submissions€of€fact€or€law€to€justify€such€derogation.Š p!Ą  ŠMoreover,€some€of€the€facts€referred€to€above€raise€issues€under€provisions€from€which€theŠ V"¦! ŠCovenant€does€not€allow€any€derogation€under€any€circumstances.€Š <#Œ" ŠĢ15.€As€regards€article€19,€the€Covenant€provides€that€everyone€shall€have€the€right€to€holdŠ %X $ Šopinions€without€interference€and€that€the€freedom€of€expression€set€forth€in€paragraph€2€ofŠ ī%>!% Šthat€article€shall€be€subject€only€to€such€restrictions€as€are€necessary€(a)€for€respect€of€theŠ Ō&$"& Šrights€and€reputations€of€others€or€(b)€for€the€protection€of€national€security€or€of€publicŠ ŗ' #' Šorder€("ordre€public"),€or€of€public€health€or€morals.€The€Government€of€Uruguay€hasŠ  (š#( Šsubmitted€no€evidence€regarding€the€nature€of€the€activities€in€which€Rosario€Pietraroia€wasŠ †)Ö$) Šalleged€to€have€been€engaged€and€which€led€to€his€arrest,€detention€and€committal€for€trial.Š l*¼%* ŠBare€information€from€the€State€party€that€he€was€charged€with€subversive€association€andŠ R+¢&+ Šconspiracy€to€violate€the€Constitution,€followed€by€preparatory€acts€thereto,€is€not€in€itselfŠ 8,ˆ', Šsufficient,€without€details€of€the€alleged€charges€and€copies€of€the€court€proceedings.€TheŠ -n(- ŠCommittee€is€therefore€unable€to€conclude€on€the€information€before€it€that€the€arrest,Š ° Šdetention€and€trial€of€Rosario€Pietraroia€was€justified€on€any€of€the€grounds€mentioned€inŠ –ę Šarticle€19€(3)€of€the€Covenant.€Š |Ģ ŠĢ16.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€is€aware€that€the€sanction€of€deprivation€of€certainŠ H˜ Špolitical€rights€is€provided€for€in€the€legislation€of€some€countries.€Accordingly,€article€25Š . ~ Šof€the€Covenant€prohibits€"unreasonable"€restrictions.€In€no€case,€however,€may€a€person€beŠ  d Šsubjected€to€such€sanctions€solely€because€of€his€or€her€political€opinion€(arts.€2€(1)€and€26).Š ś J ŠFurthermore,€the€principle€of€proportionality€would€require€that€a€measure€as€harsh€as€theŠ ą 0 Šdeprivation€of€all€political€rights€for€a€period€of€15€years€be€specifically€justified.€No€suchŠ Ę   Šattempt€has€been€made€in€the€present€case.€Š ¬ ü  ŠĢ17.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theŠ xČ  ŠInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€these€facts,€in€so€farŠ ^®  Šas€they€occurred€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€entered€into€force€inŠ D”  Šrespect€of€Uruguay),€disclose€violations€of€the€Covenant,€in€particular€of:€Š *z  ŠĢArticle€9€(2),€because€Rosario€Pietraroia€Zapala€was€not€duly€informed€of€the€charges€againstŠ öF Šhim;€Š Ü, ŠĢArticle€9€(3),€because€he€was€not€brought€promptly€before€a€judge€or€other€officer€authorizedŠ Øų Šby€law€to€exercise€judicial€power€and€because€he€was€not€tried€within€a€reasonable€time;€Š ŽŽ ŠĢArticle€9€(4),€because€recourse€to€habeas€corpus€was€not€available€to€him;€Š ZŖ ŠĢArticle€10€(1),€because€he€was€held€incommunicado€for€months;€Š &v ŠĢArticle€14€(1),€because€he€had€no€fair€and€public€hearing€and€because€the€judgemeritŠ ņB Šrendered€against€him€was€not€made€public;€Š Ų( ŠĢArticle€14€(3),€because€he€did€not€have€access€to€legal€assistance€during€his€detentionŠ ¤ō Šincommunicado€and€was€not€tried€in€his€presence;€Š Š Ś ŠĢArticle€15€(1),€because€the€penal€law€was€applied€retroactively€against€him;€Š V"¦! ŠĢArticle€19€(2),€because€he€was€arrested,€detained€and€tried€for€his€political€and€trade„unionŠ "$r# Šactivities;€Š %X $ ŠĢArticle€25,€because€he€is€barred€from€taking€part€in€the€conduct€of€public€affairs€and€fromŠ Ō&$"& Šbeing€elected€for€15€years,€in€accordance€with€Acta€Institucional€No.€4€of€1€September€1976.€Š ŗ' #' ŠĢ18.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toŠ †)Ö$) Šprovide€the€victim€with€effective€remedies,€including€his€immediate€release€andŠ l*¼%* Šcompensation€for€the€violations€which€he€has€suffered,€and€to€take€steps€to€ensure€thatŠ R+¢&+ Šsimilar€violations€do€not€occur€in€the€future.€Š 8,ˆ', ŠŠ -n(- Š____________Š ° ŠĢ1/€€€see€also€cases€Nos.€5/1977€(p.€37),€10/1977€(p.€6),€28/1978€(p.€57)€and€34/1978€(p.€65).Š |Ģ ŠĢ2/€€€This€may€be€a€typing€error€in€the€State€party's€submission.€From€the€context,€the€correctŠ H˜ Šdate€would€appear€to€be€10€August€1976.€