ÿWPCE ÎaR‰LüzŶI[Õ¤hY>Ý“„s(Î¥ÔŸÓ†M*uE=¿Ø-ˆ-=B®'6°Ç4Q Ä÷•Ã@ùÎ *󯟳­}¨ÐfN`È¥ƒ¡Û(㶠*Æu„Ò±‚m¾·F¼usr|8ð•“ŸüÈ@c€§ÏXˆtÿqZïÓI.B‡/-ùêaìN˨±dgýM ¹}<>eîÜŽÏ”Ô@<ÉÇdtHÀmï…ì>U‹·l‘ÿºË–§6°![‡š¿Ñ•ub1Ê?ìMjÊûǬÞïc”g¸ýíQ,5˜sç³I z¥Õ˼·g•ÃÈ€H\…öLþ¤Q•7cvž:®©›¸æîÉN©Z6º°I{y+‘ÞÃÛ žìÞÙhpFŸYe˜ŒZ·f…äûO!S>»½á`çÁfÕW+ˆ…gÓùD9Îw:ð|m2C]Á?¥MüvLb)ê\´µƒ7ž3#3_Ógvº8lD|ì"àÍzí¥<ìm–k­)è¬øaËEÞ†L€’XJì„3¥rM ¥4úUíT \=Ÿ¡þŽó‚OÕj®:ÏâÛ(¦$Ã-ò®E‚dŽ ¨Ã׎45«Sè—‚òøx T·?W>I±4eÖß„öôbE&0Y #Á¨UNi %· 0:½^ ÷w4* m,NC˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ôb¦) 'gt) Docume¢3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òCOMMITTEE€AGAINST€TORTUREÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔK.M.Ô_Ô€v.€SwitzerlandóóÐ ˆØ ÐÌCommunication€No€107/1998Ð `° ÐÌ16€November€1999Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌÔ_ÔCAT/C/23/D/107/1998Ô_ÔÐ  ` ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Ô$  ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€K.M.€[name€deleted]€[represented€by€counsel]€Ð ˜è  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€The€author€Ð pÀ ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Switzerland€Ð H˜ ÐÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€23€February€1998€óóÐ  p ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Committee€against€Tortureóó,€established€under€article€17€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€andÐ ä4 ÐOther€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€Ð Ð  ÐÌòòMeeting€onóó€16€November€1999,€Ð ¨ø ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€107/1998,€submitted€to€the€CommitteeÐ €Ð Ðagainst€Torture€under€article€22€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€orÐ l¼ ÐDegrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€Ð X ¨ ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€the€communicationÐ 0"€  Ðand€the€State€party,€Ð #l! ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following€decision:€Ð ô$D # ÐÌÌ1.1€The€author€of€the€communication€is€Mr.€K.M.,€a€Turkish€citizen€of€Kurdish€ethnic€origin,€bornÐ ¸'#& Ðin€1972,€currently€living€in€Switzerland€where€he€has€applied€for€asylum.€His€application,€however,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðhas€been€rejected€and€he€is€at€risk€of€expulsion.€He€alleges€that€his€forced€return€to€Turkey€wouldÐ )à$( Ðconstitute€a€violation€by€Switzerland€of€article€3€of€the€Convention.€He€is€represented€by€counsel.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ1.2€In€accordance€with€article€22,€paragraph€3,€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€transmitted€theÐ T,¤'+ Ðcommunication€to€the€State€party€on€11€March€1998.€At€the€same€time€the€State€party€was€requested,Ð @-(, Ðpursuant€to€rule€108,€paragraph€9,€of€the€Committee's€rules€of€procedure,€not€to€expel€the€author€toÐ ° ÐTurkey€while€his€communication€was€under€consideration€by€the€Committee.€In€a€submission€of€15Ð œì ÐApril€1998€the€State€party€informed€the€Committee€that€measures€had€been€taken€to€ensure€that€theÐ ˆØ Ðauthor€would€not€be€returned€to€Turkey€while€his€case€was€pending€before€the€Committee.€Ð tÄ ÐÌòòThe€facts€as€submitted€by€the€author€óóÐ L œ ÐÌ2.1€The€author€comes€from€the€south-eastern€part€of€Turkey.€He€states€that,€although€sympatheticÐ $ t Ðtowards€the€cause€of€the€Kurdish€Workers'€Party€(PKK)€he€was€not€involved€in€political€activities.Ð  ` ÐHe€performed€his€military€service€with€the€Turkish€army€in€1992/93.€He€ran€a€shoe€shop€togetherÐ ü L  Ðwith€his€father€in€the€village€of€Ô_ÔGaziantepÔ_Ô.€Although€not€politically€active,€he€was€arrested€by€theÐ è 8  Ðpolice€on€two€occasions€in€August€and€September€1994,€on€suspicion€of€helping€the€PKK,€and€wasÐ Ô$  Ðkept€in€detention€for€a€brief€period.€During€one€of€his€detentions€he€was€severely€beaten,€resultingÐ À  Ðin€the€loss€of€one€of€his€teeth€and€damage€to€others.€On€both€occasions€he€was€released€withoutÐ ¬ü  Ðcharge.€Ð ˜è  ÐÌ2.2€In€early€1995€a€member€of€the€PKK€whom€they€did€not€know€contacted€the€author€and€his€fatherÐ pÀ Ðand€asked€them€to€supply€the€organization€with€a€large€quantity€of€shoes.€Being€sympathetic€towardsÐ \¬ Ðthe€organization,€the€author€and€his€father€accepted€the€deal€and€shoes€were€supplied€on€a€weeklyÐ H˜ Ðbasis.€According€to€the€author,€his€cousin,€who€was€working€actively€for€the€PKK€and€cameÐ 4„ Ðsometimes€to€collect€the€weekly€ration€of€shoes,€was€arrested€by€the€Turkish€police€in€March€1995Ð  p Ðwhile€in€possession€of€the€shoes.€Under€torture€he€informed€the€police€that€the€author€was€makingÐ  \ Ðshoes€for€the€PKK.€The€police€then€looked€for€the€author€at€his€domicile,€but€the€author€managed€toÐ øH Ðescape€and€hide.€His€father€was€arrested€in€order€to€make€the€author€show€up.€The€author€decidedÐ ä4 Ðto€leave€the€country€and€arranged€his€departure€with€the€help€of€smugglers.€He€later€learned€that€hisÐ Ð  Ðcousin€had€been€killed€while€trying€to€escape€from€prison.€Ð ¼  ÐÌ2.3€The€author€arrived€in€Switzerland€on€20€April€1995€and€immediately€applied€for€asylum.€TheÐ ”ä ÐFederal€Office€for€Refugees€(ODR)€rejected€his€application€on€14€November€1996.€On€12€JanuaryÐ €Ð Ð1998€the€Appeal€Commission€for€Asylum€Matters€(CRA)€turned€down€the€author's€appeal.€Ð l¼ ÐÌ2.4€The€author€complains€that€his€interviews€with€the€Swiss€asylum€authorities€were€conductedÐ D!” Ðwithout€the€assistance€of€a€lawyer€and€disagrees€with€the€arguments€used€by€those€authorities€toÐ 0"€  Ðconclude€that€he€lacked€credibility€and€reject€his€application.€The€Swiss€authorities€indicated€thatÐ #l! Ðthere€were€a€number€of€contradictions€in€the€information€supplied€by€the€author€during€his€threeÐ $X" Ðinterviews€with€asylum€officers.€Those€contradictions€concerned,€inter€alia,€the€author's€profession,Ð ô$D # Ðthe€request€he€had€received€to€make€shoes€for€the€PKK€and€the€arrests€to€which€he€had€beenÐ à%0!$ Ðsubjected€in€1994.€The€author€provides€the€Committee€with€detailed€explanations€designed€toÐ Ì&"% Ðdemonstrate€that€there€are€no€such€contradictions€and€that€he€has€told€the€truth€about€the€reasons€thatÐ ¸'#& Ðmotivated€his€departure€from€the€country.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌ2.5€The€author€provided€the€Committee€with€a€document€issued€by€the€prosecutor€of€Gaziantep,Ð |*Ì%) Ðdated€28€March€1995,€indicating€that€he€was€wanted€by€the€police.€The€document€was€consideredÐ h+¸&* Ðby€the€Swiss€authorities€as€a€fake.€The€author€disagrees€with€that€conclusion€and€complains€that,Ð T,¤'+ Ðcontrary€to€the€usual€practice,€the€Swiss€authorities€never€asked€the€Swiss€Embassy€in€Ankara€toÐ @-(, Ðverify€the€authenticity€of€the€document.€Ð ° ÐÌòòThe€complaint€óóÐ ˆØ ÐÌ3.1€The€author€claims€that€his€forcible€return€to€Turkey€would€constitute€a€violation€of€Switzerland'sÐ `° Ðobligations€under€the€Convention,€since€in€view€of€the€reasons€that€motivated€his€departure€fromÐ L œ ÐTurkey,€there€are€substantial€grounds€to€believe€that€he€would€risk€imprisonment,€torture€and€evenÐ 8 ˆ Ðextrajudicial€killing€upon€return.€Ð $ t ÐÌòòThe€State€party's€observations€on€the€admissibility€and€merits€of€the€communication€óóÐ ü L  ÐÌ4.1€The€State€party€did€not€contest€the€admissibility€of€the€communication€and€made€observationsÐ Ô$  Ðon€its€merits€in€a€letter€dated€13€August€1998.€Ð À  ÐÌ4.2€The€State€party€informs€the€Committee€of€the€discrepancies€which€the€authorities€have€found€toÐ ˜è  Ðexist€during€their€interviews€with€the€author.€The€State€party€notes,€for€example,€that€his€account€ofÐ „Ô  Ðthe€order€for€mountain€shoes€for€PKK€soldiers€is€strewn€with€contradictions€and€inconsistencies.Ð pÀ ÐThese€relate€to€an€essential€point€of€the€communication,€namely,€the€grounds€for€the€persecution€toÐ \¬ Ðwhich€the€author€was€allegedly€subjected€by€the€authorities€of€his€country.€The€State€party€alsoÐ H˜ Ðconsiders€that€the€statements€by€the€author€regarding€the€circumstances€in€which€he€allegedlyÐ 4„ Ðreceived€the€order€for€shoes€cannot€be€reconciled€with€the€situation€with€which€members€of€the€PKKÐ  p Ðare€faced.€It€does€seem€surprising,€at€the€very€least,€that€a€member€of€a€terrorist€movement,€at€warÐ  \ Ðwith€the€current€regime,€which€has€mobilized€the€main€forces€of€the€country€against€it,€would€arriveÐ øH Ðone€day€at€the€home€of€strangers€and€ask€them€to€support€the€armed€struggle,€in€broad€daylight€andÐ ä4 Ðwithout€taking€the€slightest€precaution.€To€accept€the€author's€version€would€be€to€ignore€that€theÐ Ð  ÐPKK€must€have€instituted€a€whole€system€of€security€measures,€such€as€strategies€for€identifying€itsÐ ¼  Ðmembers,€in€order€to€safeguard€their€lives€so€as€to€continue€the€armed€struggle.€In€this€regard,€it€isÐ ¨ø Ðinteresting€to€note€that,€by€the€author's€own€account,€it€is€well€known€that€the€secret€police€and€itsÐ ”ä Ðinformers€are€present€in€all€areas€of€civil€society.€A€genuine€Ô_ÔPKKÔ_Ô€member€could€not€be€ignorant€ofÐ €Ð Ðthis€fact€and€would€not€have€rashly€exposed€himself€to€danger€as€the€author€claims.€Ð l¼ ÐÌ4.3€The€State€party€finds€it€astonishing€that€an€individual€suspected€by€the€police€in€August€1994€ofÐ D!” Ðhaving€given€support€to€the€PKK€should€spontaneously€accept,€at€the€beginning€of€1995,€a€stranger'sÐ 0"€  Ðsuggestion€that€he€should€produce€shoes€for€the€movement,€without€for€a€second€imagining€that€theÐ #l! Ðsecurity€services€might€have€been€trying€in€this€way€to€confirm€their€suspicions€about€him.€Ð $X" ÐÌ4.4€The€State€party€also€contests€the€reality€of€the€proceedings€instituted€by€the€police€against€theÐ à%0!$ Ðauthor.€The€author€stated€that€his€father€had€also€made€shoes€for€the€PKK;€however,€the€father€wasÐ Ì&"% Ðnever€subjected€to€any€criminal€prosecution€for€participation€in€terrorist€activity,€but€was€onlyÐ ¸'#& Ðarrested€and€interrogated€with€regard€to€his€son.€The€leniency€shown€by€the€Turkish€authorities€toÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€author's€father€is€completely€inexplicable.€Even€if€the€cousin€did€not€denounce€the€author's€father,Ð )à$( Ðthe€fact€remains€that€the€father€also€made€shoes€for€the€PKK€or€at€least€allowed€them€to€be€made€inÐ |*Ì%) Ðhis€workshop.€Thus,€the€father's€behaviour€would€doubtless€have€justified€the€opening€of€a€criminalÐ h+¸&* Ðinvestigation€against€him€since€he€had,€as€the€owner€of€the€workshop,€given€his€support€to€a€terroristÐ T,¤'+ Ðmovement.€In€fact,€the€father€has€never€been€bothered€on€these€grounds€by€the€national€authorities.€Ð @-(, Ї4.5€Moreover,€the€author€stated€that€his€cousin€had€been€sentenced€to€five€years'€imprisonment€andÐ ° Ðthat€he€had€informed€the€police€that€the€author€had€made€the€shoes.€However,€the€author€has€neverÐ œì Ðproduced€an€extract€from€the€judgement€in€question,€which,€if€it€had€really€existed,€could€haveÐ ˆØ Ðproved€that€he€had€been€his€cousin's€accomplice.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ4.6€With€regard€to€the€future€persecutions€to€which€the€author€would€allegedly€risk€being€exposedÐ L œ Ðon€returning€to€his€country,€the€State€party€informs€the€Committee€that,€following€the€request€of€theÐ 8 ˆ ÐODR€dated€3€April€1998,€the€Swiss€embassy€in€Ankara€made€inquiries€regarding€the€situation€of€theÐ $ t Ðauthor€in€Turkey.€By€letter€of€21€April€1998€the€embassy€confirmed€that€the€police€had€no€politicalÐ  ` Ðfile€on€the€author€and€no€record€of€his€having€committed€a€criminal€offence,€that€he€was€not€wantedÐ ü L  Ðby€the€police€or€the€armed€special€police€at€the€national€or€local€level€and€was€not€prohibited€fromÐ è 8  Ðholding€a€passport.€Ð Ô$  ÐÌ4.7€On€the€basis€of€this€recent€information,€the€author€could€surely€no€longer€seriously€maintain€thatÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€letter€from€the€Office€of€the€Public€Prosecutor€in€Gazantiep€was€authentic.€The€Swiss€authoritiesÐ ˜è  Ðwere,€moreover,€convinced€that€the€document€was€a€forgery.€Firstly,€it€was€an€internal€official€letterÐ „Ô  Ðwhich€would€normally€not€be€intended,€at€least€in€this€form,€to€be€handed€over€to€the€wanted€person.Ð pÀ ÐSecondly,€the€quality€of€the€paper€used€and€the€absence€of€any€of€the€official€indications€thatÐ \¬ Ðgenerally€appear€on€this€type€of€document€according€to€the€specialized€service€of€the€ODR,€led€toÐ H˜ Ðthe€conclusion€that€the€author€had€had€the€document€forged€by€friends€or€relatives.€Ð 4„ ÐÌ4.8.€The€author€also€made€contradictory€statements€regarding€the€dates€and€duration€of€his€allegedÐ  \ Ðarrests€in€1994.€He€firstly€stated€that€the€two€arrests€had€taken€place€in€August€1994,€andÐ øH Ðsubsequently€in€September€and€October€1994;€that€they€had€lasted,€respectively,€three€days€and€oneÐ ä4 Ðday,€and€then€only€one€day.€It€is€therefore€quite€likely€that€the€dental€damage€suffered€by€the€authorÐ Ð  Ðwas€caused€by€some€other€incident€than€that€indicated€by€him,€for€example€an€accident€at€work.€TheÐ ¼  Ðdental€certificate€in€no€way€confirms€the€statements€by€the€author€with€regard€to€the€cause€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðdamage.€Moreover,€it€can€be€seen€from€the€communication€that€the€author€did€not€leave€TurkeyÐ ”ä Ðbecause€of€these€events,€which€leads€one€to€suppose€that€there€is€no€causal€link€between€them€andÐ €Ð Ðthe€grounds€for€the€future€persecution€which€the€author€claims€he€will€suffer€if€he€returns€to€hisÐ l¼ Ðcountry.€Ð X ¨ ÐÌòòCounsel's€comments€óóÐ 0"€  ÐÌ5.1€Counsel€reiterates€the€explanations€he€had€already€provided€regarding€the€contradictions€in€theÐ $X" Ðauthor's€statements€referred€to€by€the€State€party.€As€for€the€document€from€the€prosecutor€ofÐ ô$D # ÐGazantiep,€the€State€party€seems€to€suggest€that€the€author€asked€his€relatives€to€produce€a€falseÐ à%0!$ Ðdocument.€The€author€asked€his€father€to€send€him€evidence,€not€to€forge€a€document.€He€does€notÐ Ì&"% Ðknow€how€his€father€obtained€the€document€but€there€is€nothing€to€indicate€that€the€document€is€aÐ ¸'#& Ðforgery.€In€a€telephone€conversation€on€23€December€1996,€the€father€told€counsel€that€he€had€hadÐ ¤(ô#' Ðto€go€to€the€police€station€several€times€in€order€to€obtain€the€document.€Ð )à$( ÐÌ5.2€As€for€the€argument€that€the€author€was€unlikely€to€place€himself€at€risk€again,€counsel€claimsÐ h+¸&* Ðthat€many€Kurds€in€Turkey€are€suspected€by€the€police€of€collaborating€with€the€PKK,€in€spite€ofÐ T,¤'+ Ðwhich€they€continue€to€work€for€the€organization.€Ð @-(, Ї5.3€As€for€the€argument€that€the€author's€father€should€have€been€prosecuted,€counsel€says€that€theÐ ° Ðfather€is€a€sick€old€man€who€does€not€belong€to€the€sector€of€the€population€that€normally€joins€theÐ œì Ðguerrilla€movement,€i.e.€the€younger€generation.€The€author,€however,€clearly€informed€the€SwissÐ ˆØ Ðauthorities€that€his€father€had€been€held€in€police€custody€for€one€week,€during€which€time€he€wasÐ tÄ Ðquestioned€two€or€three€times€about€his€whereabouts.€Ð `° ÐÌ5.4€Counsel€considers€that€it€is€not€realistic€to€ask€the€author€to€provide€a€copy€of€his€cousin'sÐ 8 ˆ Ðcriminal€record.€The€author€left€Turkey€shortly€after€his€cousin's€arrest€and€does€not€know€whetherÐ $ t Ðhis€cousin€had€a€lawyer.€Only€a€lawyer€would€have€been€in€a€position€to€provide€such€documents,Ð  ` Ðsince€his€cousin's€wife,€children€and€mother€left€the€country€and€the€author€has€no€contact€with€them.Ð ü L  ÐCounsel€says€that€the€Swiss€authorities€should€have€been€able€to€obtain€that€kind€of€document.€Ð è 8  ÐÌ5.5€Counsel€adds€that€the€PKK€member€who€contacted€him€and€his€father€and€asked€them€to€makeÐ À  Ðthe€shoes€knew€through€the€author's€cousin€that€the€author€and€his€father€were€PKK€sympathizers,Ð ¬ü  Ðso€that€he€did€not€run€the€kind€of€risk€referred€to€by€the€State€party.€Ð ˜è  ÐÌòòIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committee€óóÐ pÀ ÐÌ6.1€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Committee€against€TortureÐ H˜ Ðmust€decide€whether€or€not€it€is€admissible€under€article€22€of€the€Convention.€The€Committee€hasÐ 4„ Ðascertained,€as€it€is€required€to€do€under€article€22,€paragraph€5€(a),€of€the€Convention,€that€the€sameÐ  p Ðmatter€has€not€been€and€is€not€being€examined€under€another€procedure€of€international€investigationÐ  \ Ðor€settlement.€The€Committee€also€notes€that€all€domestic€remedies€have€been€exhausted€and€thatÐ øH Ðthe€State€party€has€not€contested€the€admissibility€of€the€communication.€It€therefore€considers€thatÐ ä4 Ðthe€communication€is€admissible.€Since€both€the€State€party€and€the€author's€counsel€have€providedÐ Ð  Ðobservations€on€the€merits€of€the€communication,€the€Committee€proceeds€with€the€considerationÐ ¼  Ðof€those€merits.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ6.2€The€issue€before€the€Committee€is€whether€the€forced€return€of€the€author€is€Turkey€wouldÐ €Ð Ðviolate€the€obligation€of€Switzerland€under€article€3€of€the€Convention€not€to€expel€or€to€return€aÐ l¼ Ðperson€to€another€State€where€there€are€substantial€grounds€for€believing€that€he€would€be€in€dangerÐ X ¨ Ðof€being€subjected€to€torture.€Ð D!” ÐÌ6.3€The€Committee€must€decide,€pursuant€to€paragraph€1€of€article€3,€whether€there€are€substantialÐ #l! Ðgrounds€for€believing€that€the€author€would€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€upon€returnÐ $X" Ðto€Turkey.€In€reaching€this€decision,€the€Committee€must€take€into€account€all€relevantÐ ô$D # Ðconsiderations,€pursuant€to€paragraph€2€of€article€3,€including€the€existence€of€a€consistent€patternÐ à%0!$ Ðof€gross,€flagrant€or€mass€violations€of€human€rights.€The€aim€of€the€determination,€however,€is€toÐ Ì&"% Ðestablish€whether€the€individual€concerned€would€be€personally€at€risk€of€being€subjected€to€tortureÐ ¸'#& Ðin€the€country€to€which€he€or€she€would€return.€The€existence€of€a€consistent€pattern€of€gross,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðflagrant€or€mass€violations€of€human€rights€in€a€country€does€not€as€such€constitute€a€sufficientÐ )à$( Ðground€for€determining€that€a€particular€person€would€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€uponÐ |*Ì%) Ðhis€return€to€that€country;€specific€grounds€must€exist€indicating€that€the€individual€concerned€wouldÐ h+¸&* Ðbe€personally€at€risk.€Similarly,€the€absence€of€a€consistent€pattern€of€gross€violations€of€humanÐ T,¤'+ Ðrights€does€not€mean€that€a€person€cannot€be€considered€to€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€tortureÐ @-(, Ðin€his€or€her€specific€circumstances.€Ð ° ÐÌ6.4€The€Committee€recalls€its€general€comment€on€the€implementation€of€article€3€which€reads:Ð ˆØ ÐÌ"Bearing€in€mind€that€the€State€party€and€the€Committee€are€obliged€to€assess€whether€there€areÐ `° Ðsubstantial€grounds€for€believing€that€the€author€would€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€tortureÐ L œ Ðwere€he/she€to€be€expelled,€returned€or€extradited,€the€risk€of€torture€must€be€assessed€on€groundsÐ 8 ˆ Ðthat€go€beyond€mere€theory€or€suspicion.€However,€the€risk€does€not€have€to€meet€the€test€of€beingÐ $ t Ðhighly€probable"€(A/53/44,€annex€IX,€para.€6).Ð  ` ÐÌ6.5€In€the€present€case€the€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€draws€attention€to€a€number€ofÐ è 8  Ðinconsistencies€and€contradictions€in€the€author's€account,€casting€doubt€on€the€truthfulness€of€hisÐ Ô$  Ðallegations.€It€also€notes€the€explanations€provided€by€counsel€in€that€respect.€The€CommitteeÐ À  Ðconsiders,€however,€that€those€inconsistencies€and€contradictions€are€not€of€such€nature€as€to€beÐ ¬ü  Ðrelevant€for€the€assessment€of€the€risk€under€which€the€author€might€be€if€he€is€returned€to€Turkey.€Ð ˜è  ÐÌ6.6€From€the€information€submitted€by€the€author€the€Committee€observers€that€the€events€thatÐ pÀ Ðprompted€his€departure€from€Turkey€date€back€to€1995.€The€author€provided€the€Swiss€authoritiesÐ \¬ Ðwith€a€document€allegedly€issued€by€the€Office€of€the€Public€Prosecutor€of€Gazantiep,€soon€after€hisÐ H˜ Ðdeparture,€as€evidence€of€proceedings€initiated€against€him€for€his€links€with€the€PKK.€The€SwissÐ 4„ Ðauthorities€considered€that€the€document€in€question€was€a€forgery.€In€the€Committee's€opinion€theÐ  p Ðexplanations€provided€by€the€author€to€demonstrate€that€the€said€document€is€authentic€are€notÐ  \ Ðconvincing.€Furthermore,€the€Committee€notes€the€information€provided€by€the€Swiss€embassy€inÐ øH ÐAnkara€according€to€which€the€police€has€not€established€a€dossier€on€the€author€and€he€is€not€underÐ ä4 Ðan€order€of€arrest.€Accordingly,€the€author€has€failed€to€demonstrate€that€he€is€under€risk€of€beingÐ Ð  Ðarrested€upon€his€return.€The€Committee€further€notes€the€author's€allegations€that€his€father€wasÐ ¼  Ðarrested€by€the€police€and€questioned€about€his€whereabouts.€However,€the€arrest€in€question€tookÐ ¨ø Ðplace€in€1995.€There€is€nothing€to€suggest€that€the€author€or€members€of€his€family€have€been€soughtÐ ”ä Ðor€intimidated€by€the€Turkish€authorities€since€then.€There€is€nothing€to€suggest€either€that€the€authorÐ €Ð Ðhas€collaborated€with€the€PKK€in€any€way€since€leaving€Turkey€in€1995.€Ð l¼ ÐÌ6.7€The€Committee€notes€with€concern€the€numerous€reports€concerning€the€use€of€torture€in€Turkey,Ð D!” Ðbut€recalls€that,€for€the€purposes€of€article€3€of€the€Convention,€the€individual€concerned€must€faceÐ 0"€  Ða€foreseeable,€real€and€personal€risk€of€being€tortured€in€the€country€to€which€he€is€returned.€In€theÐ #l! Ðlight€of€the€foregoing,€the€Committee€deems€that€such€a€risk€has€not€been€established.€Ð $X" ÐÌ6.8€On€the€basis€of€the€above€considerations,€the€Committee€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€informationÐ à%0!$ Ðbefore€it€does€not€show€substantial€grounds€for€believing€that€the€author€runs€a€personal€risk€of€beingÐ Ì&"% Ðtortured€if€he€is€sent€back€to€Turkey.€Ð ¸'#& ÐÌ7.€The€Committee€against€Torture,€acting€under€article€22,€paragraph€7,€of€the€Convention€againstÐ )à$( ÐTorture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€concludes€that€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðdecision€of€the€State€party€to€return€the€author€to€Turkey€does€not€constitute€a€breach€of€article€3€ofÐ h+¸&* Ðthe€Convention.€Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð[Done€in€English,€French,€Russian€and€Spanish,€the€French€text€being€the€original€version.]