ÿWPCƒ  ˆ (¿?![L¬u­¬çÀÁ“ÆÎqÈðÙúd/#Üåpð-tQIV Ã‚F‹¹9«é ò°'MÄ¥Mи‹ý6绤ÓÙXa ˜2‡?ÿšÁN@C±;ÙGÛ67P?œ×„»R¯Ë/ªÊ³››[;„+W؃åÀ‘¢¾u`Ë@ºÕGËÎç†Ì#ÜÇ' Dq; ñ›%høFÔF»7¯;ðžÃ?)úuï—Äó“ò§9LœÒ ²‰Ú^£*HÏò"ëö{¨¼Rj˜ñã×XáFÚkFšÒ~ t%ÂEÑè‰h~«(€ú²¢ sÔ7¿­ÓPø€Æ}űfë÷Î;ëà™¡‚3êN^÷ͧ`}‚®þ:¾¾{$ã ×‹¥_ÕAæVäûÅÜ ú9©ÍÜ\Qï­œÂéawª1 ½êÙ±Lÿëàƒ$ÞŒA¥Ò*õ8%Lꉰþ.ÀA-X˜Þí/‘+ç„ÈÝh~…—ñ| æt8]Ë2¼ìµ"(’XE&\Ã@SñõzÈ ƒ:¦¥lû½äñp6âSÀ2H‰¦juÑñ¸ÔPi:œ¦™÷9Ú°Ëâ’ž5à87gU-u±èùª@ Øˆ{+âgD/sÈ9ôÆ~1KópU>z̸ 0µ„ 0<9 0Yu 0_Î 0i- 0P–Ææ 0ᬠ0( D+µ AMà - 0Æ= #Á UNÄ %M(ND^ FwR4Vj mlô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Raul Sendic Antonaccio v. Uruguay, Communication No. R.14/63 (28 November 1979), U.N. Doc.4mber 1979), U.N. Doc."Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2ÉP$££Ý ƒµ©!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XpçXXXÔÔ€XpçXXXpçÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(žµ©$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XqXXXÔÔ€XqXXXqÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXE~û* Äpì*c(„³Corel ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒµ©!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XpçXXXÔÔ€XpçXXXpçÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔSendicÔ_Ô€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€R.14/63Ð H˜ ÐÌ28€October€1981Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:€óóVioleta€Ô_ÔSetelichÔ_Ô€on€behalf€of€her€husband€Ô_ÔRau1Ô_Ô€Ô_ÔSendicÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔAntonaccioÔ_ԀРxÈ  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:€óóUruguay€Ð D”  ÐÌòòDate€of€communications€óó28€November€1979€óóÐ ` ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ Â Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð ¨ø ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€28€October€1981,€Ð tÄ ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€R.14/63€submitted€to€theÐ @ ÐCommittee€by€Violeta€Ô_ÔSetelichÔ_Ô€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€International€CovenantÐ &v Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð  \ ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theÐ Ø( Ðcommunication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned,€Ð ¾ ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð Š Ú ÐÌÌÓ  Óòòò òViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ <#Œ" ÐÓOÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€this€communication€(initial€letter€dated€28€November€1979€and€furtherÐ î%>!% Ðletters€dated€28€and€31€May,€23€June,€7€July€and€3€October€1980,€9€February,€27€May€andÐ Ô&$"& Ð22€July€1981)€is€Violeta€Ô_ÔSetelichÔ_Ô,€a€Uruguayan€national€residing€in€France.€She€submittedÐ º' #' Ðthe€communication€on€behalf€of€her€husband,€Raul€Ô_ÔSendicÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔAntonaccioÔ_Ô,€a€54€year€oldÐ  (ð#( ÐUruguayan€citizen,€detained€in€Uruguay.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ2.1€The€author€stated€in€her€submission€on€28€November€1979€that€her€husband€had€been€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðmain€founder€of€the€Ô_ÔMovimientoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔLiberacionÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔNacionalÔ_Ô€(Ô_ÔMLNÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔTupamarosÔ_Ô).€SheÐ 8,ˆ', Ðcommented€that€the€Ô_ÔMLNÔ_Ô(T)€had€been€a€political€movement€„€not€a€terrorist€one€„aimed€atÐ -n(- Ðestablishing€a€better€social€system€through€the€radical€transformation€of€Ô_ÔsocioÔ_Ô„economicÐ ° Ðstructures€and€recourse€to€armed€struggle.€She€further€stated€that,€on€7€August€1970,€afterÐ –æ Ðseven€years€of€clandestine€activity,€her€husband€was€arrested€by€the€Uruguayan€police;€thatÐ |Ì Ðon€6€September€1971€he€escaped€from€Punta€Ô_ÔCarretasÔ_Ô€prison€together€with€105€other€politicalÐ b² Ðdetainees;€that€he€was€re„arrested€on€1€September€1972€and€taken,€seriously€wounded,€to€aÐ H˜ Ðmilitary€hospital;€and€that,€after€having€been€Ô_ÔkidnappedÔ_Ô€by€a€military€group,€he€finallyÐ . ~ Ðappeared€in€Military€Detention€Establishment€No.€1€(Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô€prison).€Ð  d ÐÌ2.2€The€author€further€stated€that,€between€June€and€September€1973,€eight€women€and€nineÐ à 0 Ðmen,€including€her€husband,€were€transferred€by€the€army€to€unknown€places€of€detention,Ð Æ   Ðand€that€they€were€informed€that€they€had€become€"hostages"€and€would€be€executed€if€theirÐ ¬ ü  Ðorganization,€Ô_ÔMLNÔ_Ô(T),€took€any€action.€She€added€that,€in€1976,€the€eight€women€"hostages"Ð ’â  Ðwere€taken€back€to€a€military€prison,€but€that€the€nine€men€continued€to€be€held€asÐ xÈ  Ð"hostages".€The€author€enclosed€a€statement,€Ô_ÔdztedÔ_Ô€February€1979,€from€Elena€Ô_ÔCurbeloÔ_Ô€deÐ ^®  ÐÔ_ÔMirzaÔ_Ô,€one€of€the€eight€women€"hostages"€who€were€released€in€March€1978.€(In€herÐ D”  Ðstatement,€Mrs.€Ô_ÔMirzaÔ_Ô€confirmed€that€Raul€Ô_ÔSendicÔ_Ô€and€eight€other€men€Ô_ÔdetaincosÔ_Ô€continuedÐ *z  Ðto€be€considered€as€"hostages".€She€listed€the€names€of€her€fellow€hostages,€both€the€menÐ ` Ðand€the€women.€She€stated€that€a€hostage€lived€in€a€tiny€cell€with€only€a€mattress.€The€placeÐ öF Ðwas€damp€and€cold€and€had€no€window.€The€door€was€always€closed€and€the€detainee€wasÐ Ü, Ðkept€there€alone€24€hours€a€day.€On€rare€occasions€he€was€taken€out€to€the€yard,€blindfoldedÐ Â Ðand€with€his€arms€tied.€She€further€stated€that€hostages€were€often€transferred€to€freshÐ ¨ø Ðprisons,€that€relatives€had€then€to€find€where€they€were€and€that€visits€were€authorized€onlyÐ ŽÞ Ðat€very€irregular€intervals.)€Ð tÄ ÐÌ2.3€The€author€described€five€places€of€detention€where€her€husband€was€kept€between€1973Ð @ Ðand€1976,€and€stated€that€in€all€of€them€he€was€subjected€to€mistreatment€(solitaryÐ &v Ðconfinement,€lack€of€food€and€harassment),€while€in€one€of€them,€as€a€result€of€a€severeÐ  \ Ðbeating€by€the€guards,€he€developed€a€hernia.€She€mentions€that,€in€September€1976,€he€wasÐ òB Ðtransferred€to€the€barracks€of€Ô_ÔIngenierosÔ_Ô€in€the€city€of€Paso€de€los€Ô_ÔTorosÔ_Ô.€Ð Ø( ÐÌ2.4€The€author€declared€that,€beginning€in€February€1978,€her€husband€was€once€againÐ ¤ô Ðsubjected€to€inhuman€treatment€and€torture:€for€three€months,€he€was€made€to€do€theÐ Š Ú Ðòò"Ô_ÔplantonÔ_Ô"€óó(stand€upright'€with€his€eyes€blindfolded)€throughout€the€day;€he€was€only€able€toÐ p!À  Ðrest€and€sleep€for€a€few€hours€at€a€time;€he€was€beaten€and€given€insufficient€food€and€heÐ V"¦! Ðwas€not€allowed€to€receive€visits.€In€May€1978,€he€received€his€first€visit€after€this€threeÐ <#Œ" Ðmonths'€sanction€and€his€state€of€health€was€alarming.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ2.5€At€the€end€of€August€1978,€the€authorities€officially€stated€that,€because€of€the€dangerÐ î%>!% Ðhe€represented,€her€husband€was€not€detained€in€Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô€Prison,€but€at€Paso€de€los€Ô_ÔTorosÔ_Ô.Ð Ô&$"& ÐThe€author€maintained€that€the€fact€that€her€husband€was€held€as€a€hostage€and€the€cruel€andÐ º' #' Ðdiscriminatory€treatment€to€which€he€was€subjected€constituted€flagrant€violations€of€bothÐ  (ð#( Ðnational€and€international€law,€particularly€the€Geneva€Conventions€of€1949.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ2.6€The€author€stressed€that€her€husband's€situation€had€not€changed€with€the€coming€intoÐ R+¢&+ Ðforce€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€and€the€Optional€ProtocolÐ 8,ˆ', Ðon€23€March€1976.€She€requested€the€Human€Rights€Committee€to€take€appropriate€actionÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ôwith€a€view€to€securing€her€husband's€right€to€submit€a€communication€himself.€Ð ° ÐÌ2.7€The€author€further€alleged€that€her€husband€had€needed€an€operation€for€his€hernia€sinceÐ |Ì Ð1976;€that,€despite€a€medical€order€to€perform€such€an€operation,€the€military€authorities€hadÐ b² Ðrefused€to€take€him€to€a€hospital,€and€that€his€state€of€health€continued€to€deteriorate.Ð H˜ Ð(Because€of€his€hernia,€he€could€take€only€liquids€and€was€unable€to€walk€without€help;€heÐ . ~ Ðalso€suffered€from€heart€disease.)€She€feared€for€his€life€and€even€thought€that€it€had€beenÐ  d Ðdecided€to€kill€him€slowly,€notwithstanding€the€official€abolition€of€the€death€penalty€inÐ ú J ÐUruguay€in€1976.€She€therefore€requested€the€Human€Rights€Committee€to€apply€rule€86€ofÐ à 0 Ðits€provisional€rules€of€procedure€in€order€to€avoid€irreparable€damage€to€his€health.€Ð Æ   ÐÌ2.8€The€author€stated€that€her€husband€had€been€denied€all€judicial€guarantees.€She€furtherÐ ’â  Ðstated€that,€since€December€1975,€it€had€been€compulsory€for€all€cases€relating€to€politicalÐ xÈ  Ðoffences€to€be€heard€by€military€courts.€and€that€her€husband's€trial,€which€was€still€pending,Ð ^®  Ðwould,€therefore,€be€before€such€a€body.€Ð D”  ÐÌ2.9€She€added€that€in€July€1977,€the€Government€issued€"Acts€Institucional€No.€8",€whichÐ ` Ðin€effect€subordinated€the€judicial€power€to€the€Executive,€and€that€independent€and€impartialÐ öF Ðjustice€could€not€be€expected€from€the€military€courts.€She€further€alleged€that€domesticÐ Ü, Ðremedies€such€as€òòhabeas€corpus,€óówere€not€applicable,€that€civilians€were€deprived€of€theÐ Â Ðsafeguards€essential€to€a€fair€trial€and€of€the€right€to€appeal,€that€defence€lawyers€wereÐ ¨ø Ðsystematically€harassed€by€the€military€authorities€and€that€her€husband€had€not€beenÐ ŽÞ Ðallowed€to€choose€his€own€counsel.€She€maintained€that€all€domestic€remedies€had€beenÐ tÄ Ðexhausted.€Ð Zª ÐÌ2.10€She€also€stated€that,€at€the€time€of€writing€(28€November€1979),€she€was€unaware€of€herÐ &v Ðhusband's€whereabouts.€She€requested€the€Human€Rights€Committee€to€obtain€informationÐ  \ Ðfrom€the€State€party€about€his€place€of€detention€and€conditions€of€imprisonment.€Ð òB ÐÌ3.€The€author€claimed€that€the€following€provisions€of€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilÐ ¾ Ðand€Political€Rights€had€been€violated€by€the€Uruguayan€authorities:€articles€2,€6,€7,€10€andÐ ¤ô Ð14.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ4.€On€26€March€1980,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€decided€to€transmit€the€communicationÐ V"¦! Ðto€the€State€party,€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€requesting€informationÐ <#Œ" Ðand€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibility€of€the€communication.€TheÐ "$r# ÐCommittee€also€requested€the€State€party€to€furnish€information€on€the€state€of€health€ofÐ %X $ ÐRau1€Sendic€Antonaccio,€the€medical€treatment€given€to€him€and€his€precise€place€ofÐ î%>!% Ðdetention.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ5.€By€a€note€dated€16€June€1980,€the€State€party€contested€the€admissibility€of€theÐ  (ð#( Ðcommunication€on€the€ground€that€the€same€matter€had€been€submitted€to€the€Inter„AmericanÐ †)Ö$) ÐCommission€on€Human€Rights€(IACHR)€as€case€No.€2937.€In€this€connexion€the€CommitteeÐ l*¼%* Ðascertained€from€the€Secretariat€of€IACHR€that€the€case€referred€to€was€submitted€by€a€thirdÐ R+¢&+ Ðparty€and€opened€before€IACHR€on€26€April€1978.€The€State€party€did€not€furnish€anyÐ 8,ˆ', Ðinformation€concerning€Rail€Sendic's€state€of€health,€the€medical€treatment€given€to€him€orÐ -n(- Ðhis€whereabouts.€Ð ° ÐÌ6.€In€her€submission€dated€23€June€1980,€the€author,€commenting€on€the€State€party'sÐ |Ì Ðsubmission,€stated€that€she€had€never€submitted€her€husband's€case€to€the€IACHR.€SheÐ b² Ðfurther€stated€that€it€had€become€known,€thanks€to€strong€international€pressure€on€theÐ H˜ Ðmilitary€authorities,€that€her€husband€was€detained€in€the€Regimiento€"Pablo€Galarza"€in€theÐ . ~ Ðdepartment€of€Durazno.€She€alleged€that€the€State€party€had€refrained€from€giving€anyÐ  d Ðinformation€on€her€husband's€state€of€health€because€he€was€kept€on€an€inadequate€diet€inÐ ú J Ðan€underground€cell€with€no€fresh€air€or€sunlight€and€his€contacts€with€the€outside€worldÐ à 0 Ðwere€restricted€to€a€monthly€visit€that€lasted€30€minutes€and€took€place€in€the€presence€ofÐ Æ   Ðarmed€guards.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ7.€In€a€further€submission€dated€7€July€1980,€Violeta€Setelich€identified€the€author€of€theÐ xÈ  Ðcommunication€to€IACHR€concerning€its€case€No.€2937€and€enclosed€a€copy€of€his€letter,Ð ^®  Ðdated€8€June€1980,€addressed€to€the€Executive€Secretary€of€IACHR,€requesting€thatÐ D”  Ðconsideration€of€case€No.€2937€concerning€Rail€Sendic€should€be€discontinued€before€thatÐ *z  Ðbody,€so€as€to€remove€any€procedural€uncertainties€concerning€the€competence€of€the€HumanÐ ` ÐRights€Committee€to€consider€the€present€communication€under€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð öF ÐÌ8.€In€the€circumstances,€the€Committee€found€that€it€was€not€precluded€by€article€5(2)(a)€ofÐ Â Ðthe€Optional€Protocol€from€considering€the€communication.€The€Committee€was€unable€toÐ ¨ø Ðconclude€from€the€information€at€its€disposal€that€there€had€been€remedies€available€to€theÐ ŽÞ Ðvictim€of€the€alleged€violations€which€had€not€been€invoked.€Accordingly,€the€CommitteeÐ tÄ Ðfound€that€the€communication€was€not€inadmissible€under€article€5(2)(b)€of€the€OptionalÐ Zª ÐProtocol.€Ð @ ÐÌ9.€On€25€July€1980,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decided:€Ð  \ ÐÌ(a)€That€the€communication€was€admissible;€Ð Ø( ÐÌ(b)€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€should€beÐ ¤ô Ðrequested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€itÐ Š Ú Ðof€the€Committee's€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€theÐ p!À  Ðmeasures,€if€any,€that€it€had€taken€to€remedy€the€situation;€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ(c)€That€the€State€party€should€be€requested€to€furnish€the€Committee€with€information€onÐ "$r# Ðthe€present€state€of€health€of€Rau1€Sendic€Antonaccio,€the€medical€treatment€given€to€himÐ %X $ Ðand€his€exact€whereabouts;€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ(d)€That€the€State€party€should€be€informed€that€the€written€explanations€or€statementÐ º' #' Ðsubmitted€by€it€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€must€relate€primarily€to€theÐ  (ð#( Ðsubstance€of€the€matter€under€consideration.€The€Committee€stressed€that,€in€order€toÐ †)Ö$) Ðdischarge€its€responsibilities,€it€required€specific€responses€to€the€allegations€which€had€beenÐ l*¼%* Ðmade€by€the€author€of€the€communication,€and€the€State€party's€explanations€of€its€actions.Ð R+¢&+ ÐThe€State€party€was€requested,€in€that€connection,€to€enclose€copies€of€any€court€orders€orÐ 8,ˆ', Ðdecisions€of€relevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration.€Ð -n(- Ї10.€In€a€letter€dated€3€October€1980,€the€author€argued€that€her€husband€had€the€right€to€beÐ ° Ðinformed€of€the€Committee's€decision€of€25€July€1980,€declaring€the€communicationÐ –æ Ðadmissible,€and€that€he€should€be€given€copies€of€the€relevant€documents€and€afforded€anÐ |Ì Ðopportunity€to€supplement€them€as€he€saw€fit.€Ð b² ÐÌ11.€On€24€October€1980,€the€Human€Rights.€Committee:€Ð . ~ ÐÌòòNoting€óóthat€the€author€of€the€communication,€in€her€submission€of€28€November€1979,€hadÐ ú J Ðexpressed€grave€concern€as€to€her€husband's€state€of€health€and€the€fact€that€his€whereaboutsÐ à 0 Ðwere€kept€secret€by€the€Government€of€Uruguay,€Ð Æ   ÐÌòòTaking€into€account€óóthe€fact€that€its€previous€requests€for€information€about€the€presentÐ ’â  Ðsituation€of€Raul€Sendic€Antonaccio€had€gone€unheeded,€Ð xÈ  ÐÌòòNoting€further€óóthe€letter€dated€3€October€1980€from€the€author€of€the€communication,€Ð D”  ÐÌòòDecided,óó€Ð ` ÐÌ1.€That€the€State€party€should€be€reminded€of€the€decisions€of€26€March€and€25€July€1980Ð Ü, Ðin€which€the€Human€Rights€Committee€requested€information€about€the€state€of€health€ofÐ Â ÐRaul€Sendic€Antonaccio,€the€medical€treatment€given€to€him€and€his€exact€whereabouts;€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ2.€That€the€State€party€should€be€urged€to€provide€the€information€sought€without€any€furtherÐ tÄ Ðdelay;€Ð Zª ÐÌ3.€That,€as€requested€by€Violeta€Setelich,€the€State€party€should€be€requested€to€transmit€allÐ &v Ðwritten€material€pertaining€to€the€proceedings€(submissions€of€the€parties,€decisions€of€theÐ  \ ÐHuman€Rights€Committee)€to€Raul€Sendic€Antonaccio,€and€that€he€should€be€given€theÐ òB Ðopportunity€himself€to€communicate€directly€with€the€Committee.€Ð Ø( ÐÌ12.1€In€further€letters€dated€9€February,€27€May€and€22€July€1981,€the€author€restated€herÐ ¤ô Ðdeep€concern€about€her€husband's€state€of€health.€She€reiterated€that€after€soldiers€had€struckÐ Š Ú Ðhim€in€the€lower€abdomen€with€gun€butts€at€Colonial€barracks€in€mid„1974,€her€husband€hadÐ p!À  Ðdeveloped€an€inguinal€hernia€and€that€there€was€a€risk€that€the€hernia€might€becomeÐ V"¦! Ðstrangulated.€She€stated€that€Sendic's€relatives€had€repeatedly€requested€that€he€should€beÐ <#Œ" Ðoperated€on€because€of€his€extremely€poor€state€of€health,€but€to€no€avail.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ12.2€She€added€that€her€husband's€conditions€of€detention€were€slightly€better€at€theÐ î%>!% ÐRegimiento€Pablo€Galarza€No.€2,€since€he€was€allowed€to€go€out€to€the€open€air€for€one€hourÐ Ô&$"& Ða€day.€She€stressed,€however,€that€he€should€be€transferred€to€the€Libertad€Prison,€where€allÐ º' #' Ðother€political€prisoners€were€held.€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ12.3€Concerning€her€husband's€legal€situation,€she€added€the€following€information:€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ(i)€In€July€1980,€her€husband€was€sentenced€to€the€maximum€penalty€under€the€UruguayanÐ 8,ˆ', ÐPenal€Code:€30€years'€imprisonment€and€15€years€of€special€security€measures.€He€had€notÐ -n(- Ðbeen€informed€of€the€charges€against€him€before€the€trial,€or€allowed€to€present€witnessesÐ ° Ðand€the€hearing€had€been€held€òòin€camera€óóand€in€his€absence.€He€had€been€denied€the€rightÐ –æ Ðof€defence€as€he€had€never€been€able€to€contact€the.€lawyer€assigned€to€him,€Mr.€AlmicarÐ |Ì ÐPerrea.€Ð b² ÐÌ(ii)€In€September€1980€and€in€April€and€May€1981,€the€authorities€announced€that€herÐ . ~ Ðhusband's€sentence€was€to€be€reviewed€by€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal,€but€this€has€notÐ  d Ðyet€occurred.€Ð ú J ÐÌ(iii)€Though€Sendic's€relatives€had€appointed€Maitre€Cheron€to€be€his€lawyer,€Maitre€CheronÐ Æ   Ðwas€denied€in€September€1980€and€in€January€1981€the€right€to€examine€Sendic's€dossier€andÐ ¬ ü  Ðto€visit€him.€Ð ’â  ÐÌ13.€The€time„limit€for€the€State€party's€submission€under€article€4(2)€of€the€Optional€ProtocolÐ ^®  Ðexpired€on€27€February€1981.€To€date,€no€such€submission€has€been€received€from€the€StateÐ D”  Ðparty.€Ð *z  ÐÌ14.€On€21€August€1981,€the€State€party€submitted€the€following€comments€on€theÐ öF ÐCommittee's€decision€of€24€October€1980€(see€para.€11€above):€Ð Ü, ÐÌ"The€Committee's€decision€of€24€October€1980€adopted€at€its€eleventh€session€on€the€caseÐ ¨ø Ðin€question€exceeds€its€authority.€The€competence€granted€to€the€Committee€on€HumanÐ ŽÞ ÐRights€by€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€RightsÐ tÄ Ðis€contained€in€article€5€(4)€which€states:€'The€Committee€shall€forward€its€views€to€the€StateÐ Zª Ðparty€concerned€and€to€the€individual.'€The€scope€of€this€rule€is€quite€clearly€defined.€TheÐ @ ÐCommittee€has€authority€only€to€send€its€observations€to€the€State€party€concerned.Ð &v ÐÌ"On€the€contrary,€in€the€present€decision,€the€Committee€had€arrogated€to€itself€competenceÐ òB Ðwhich€exceeds€its€powers.€Ð Ø( ÐÌ"The€Committee€on€Human€Rights€is€applying€a€rule€which€does€not€exist€in€the€text€of€theÐ ¤ô ÐCovenant€and€the€Protocol,€whereas€the€function€of€the€.Committee€is€to€fulfil€and€apply€theÐ Š Ú Ðprovisions€of€those€international€instruments.€It€is€inadmissible€for€a€body€such€as€theÐ p!À  ÐCommittee€to€create€rules€flagrantly€deviating€from€the€texts€emanating€from€the€will€of€theÐ V"¦! Ðratifying€States.€Those€were€the€circumstances€in€which€the€decision€in€question€was€taken.Ð <#Œ" ÐParagraph€3€requests,€with€absolutely€no€legal€basis,€that€a€detainee€under€the€jurisdictionÐ "$r# Ðof€a€State€party€„€Uruguay€„€be€given€the€opportunity€to€communicate€directly€with€theÐ %X $ ÐCommittee.€The€Government€of€Uruguay€rejects€that€decision,€since€to€accept€it€would€beÐ î%>!% Ðto€create€the€dangerous€precedent€of€receiving€a€decision€which€violates€internationalÐ Ô&$"& Ðinstruments€such€as€the€Covenant€and€its€Protocol.€Moreover,€the€Uruguayan€GovernmentÐ º' #' Ðconsiders€that€the€provisions€in€those€international€instruments€extend€to€Stat~€parties€asÐ  (ð#( Ðsubjects€of€international€law.€Thus€these€international€norms,€like€any€agreement€of€suchÐ †)Ö$) Ðnature,€are€applicable€to€States€and€not€directly€to€individuals.€Consequently,€the€CommitteeÐ l*¼%* Ðcan€hardly€claim€that€this€decision€extends€to€any€particular€individual.€For€the€reasonsÐ R+¢&+ Ðgiven,€the€Government€of€Uruguay€rejects€the€present€decision€of€the€Committee,€whichÐ 8,ˆ', Ðviolates€elementary€norms€and€principles€and€thus€indicates€that€the€Committee€isÐ -n(- Ðundermining€its€commitments€in€respect€of€the€cause€of€promoting€and€defending€humanÐ ° Ðrights".€Ð –æ ÐÌ15.€The€Human€Rights€committee,€having€examined€the€present€communication€in€the€lightÐ b² Ðof€all€the€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties€as€provided€in€article€5€(1)€of€theÐ H˜ ÐOptional€Protocol,€hereby€decides,€in€the€absence€of€comments€by€the€State€party,€to€baseÐ . ~ Ðits€views€on€the€following€facts€as€set€out€by€the€author:€Ð  d ÐÌ16.1€òòEvents€prior€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant:€óóRau1€Sendic€Antonaccio,€a€mainÐ à 0 Ðfounder€of€the€Movimiento€de€Liberacion€Nacional€(MLN)€„€Tupamaros,€was€arrested€inÐ Æ   ÐUruguay€on€7€August€1970.€On€6€September€1971,€he€escaped€from€prison,€and€on€1Ð ¬ ü  ÐSeptember€1972€he€was€re„arrested€after€having€been€seriously€wounded.€Since€1973€he€hasÐ ’â  Ðbeen€considered€as€a€"hostage",€meaning€that€he€is€liable€to€be€killed€at€the€first€sign€ofÐ xÈ  Ðaction€by€his€organization,€MLN€(T).€Between€1973€and€1976,€he€was€held€in€five€penalÐ ^®  Ðinstitutions€and€subjected€in€all€of€them€to€mistreatment€(solitary€confinement,€lack€of€foodÐ D”  Ðand€harassment).€In€one€of€them,€in€1974,€as€a€result€of€a€severe€beating€by€the€guards,€heÐ *z  Ðdeveloped€a€hernia.€Ð ` ÐÌ16.2€òòEvents€subsequent€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenantx€óóIn€September€1976,€he€wasÐ Ü, Ðtransferred€to€the€barracks€of€Ingenieros€in€the€city€of€Paso€de€los€Toros.€There,€fromÐ Â ÐFebruary€to€May€1978,€or€for€the€space€of€three€months,€he€was€subjected€to€tortureÐ ¨ø Ð("plantones",€beatings,€lack€of€food).€On€28€November€1979€(date€of€the€author's€initialÐ ŽÞ Ðcommunication),€his€whereabouts€were€unknown.€He€is€now€detained€in€the€Regimiento„Ð tÄ ÐPablo€Galarza€No.€2,€Department€of€Durazno,€in€an€underground€cell.€His€present€state€ofÐ Zª Ðhealth€is€very€poor€(because€of€his€hernia,€he€can€take€only€liquids€and€is€unable€to€walkÐ @ Ðwithout€help)€and€he€is€not€being€given€the€medical€attention€it€requires.€In€July€1980,€he€wasÐ &v Ðsentenced€to€30€years'€imprisonment€plus€15€years€of€special€security€measures.€He€was€notÐ  \ Ðinformed€of€the€charges€brought€against€him.€He€was€never€able€to€contact€the€lawyerÐ òB Ðassigned€to€him,€Mr.€Almicar€Perrea.€His€trial€was€held€òòin€camera€óóand€in€his€absence€ant€heÐ Ø( Ðwas€not€allowed€to€present€witnesses€in€support€of€his€case.€In€September€1980€and€in€AprilÐ ¾ Ðand€May€1981,€it€was€publicly€announced€that€his€sentence€was€to€be€reviewed€by€theÐ ¤ô ÐSupreme€Military€Tribunal.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ17.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€observes€that,€when€it€took€its€decision€on€admissibilityÐ V"¦! Ðon€25€July€1980,€it€had€no€information€about€Rau1€Sendic's€trial€before€a€court€of€firstÐ <#Œ" Ðinstance.€The€Committee€further€observes€that,€although€his€sentence€is€to€be€reviewed€byÐ "$r# Ðthe€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€(there€has€as€yet€been€no€indication€that€these€final€reviewÐ %X $ Ðproceedings€have€taken€place),€the€Committee€is€not€barred€from€considering€the€presentÐ î%>!% Ðcommunication,€since€the€application€of€remedies€has€been€unreasonably€prolonged.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ18.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€cannot€accept€the€State€party's€contention€that€it€exceededÐ  (ð#( Ðits€mandate€when€in€its€decision€of€24€October€1980,€it€requested€the€State€party€to€affort€toÐ †)Ö$) ÐRau1€Sendic€Antonaccio€the€opportunity€to€communicate€directly€with€the€Committee.€TheÐ l*¼%* ÐCommittee€rejects€the€State€party's€argument€that€a€victim's€right€to€contact€the€CommitteeÐ R+¢&+ Ðdirectly€is€invalid€in€the€case€of€persons€imprisoned€in€Uruguay.€If€governments€had€the€rightÐ 8,ˆ', Ðto€erect€obstacles€to€contacts€between€victims€and€the€Committee,€the€procedure€establishedÐ -n(- Ðby€the€Optional€Protocol€would,€in€many€instances,€be€rendered€meaningless.€It€is€aÐ ° Ðprerequisite€for€the€effective€application€of€the€Optional€Protocol€that€detainees€should€beÐ –æ Ðable€to€communicate€directly€with€the€Committee.€The€contention€that€the€InternationalÐ |Ì ÐCovenant€and€the€Protocol€apply€only€to€States,€as€subjects€of€international€law,€and€that,€inÐ b² Ðconsequence,€these€instruments€are€not€directly€applicable€to€individuals€is€devoid€of€legalÐ H˜ Ðfoundation€in€cases€where€a€State€has€recognized€the€competence€of€the€Committee€toÐ . ~ Ðreceive€and€consider€communications€from€individuals€under€the€Optional€Protocol.€ThatÐ  d Ðbeing€so,€denying€individuals€who€are€victims€of€an€alleged€violation€their€rights€to€bring€theÐ ú J Ðmatter€before€the€Committee€is€tantamount€to€denying€the€mandatory€nature€of€the€OptionalÐ à 0 ÐProtocol.€Ð Æ   ÐÌ19.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€notes€with€deep€concern€that€the€State€party€has€failed€toÐ ’â  Ðfulfill€its€obligations€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€and€has€completely€ignoredÐ xÈ  Ðthe€Committee's€repeated€requests€for€information€concerning€Rau1€Sendic's€state€of€health,Ð ^®  Ðthe€medical€treatment€given€to€him€and€his€exact€whereabouts.€The€Committee€is€unable€toÐ D”  Ðfulfill€the€task€conferred€upon€it€by€the€Optional€Protocol€if€States€parties€do€not€provide€itÐ *z  Ðwith€all€the€information€relevant€to€the€formation€of€the€views€referred€to€in€article€5(4).Ð ` ÐKnowledge€of€the€state€of€health€of€the€person€concerned€is€essential€to€the€evaluation€of€anÐ öF Ðallegation€of€torture€or€ill„treatment.€Ð Ü, ÐÌ20.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ ¨ø ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€the€facts€as€foundÐ ŽÞ Ðby€the€Committee,€in€so€far€as€they€continued€or€occurred€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€onÐ tÄ Ðwhich€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Uruguay),€discloseÐ Zª Ðviolations€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€particularly:€Ð @ ÐÌof€article€7€and€article€10€(1)€because€Raul€Sendic€is€held€in€solitary€confinement€in€anÐ  \ Ðunderground€cell,€was€subjected€to€torture€for€three€months€in€1978€and€is€being€denied€theÐ òB Ðmedical€treatment€his€condition€requires;€Ð Ø( ÐÌof€article€9€(3)€because€his€right€to€trial€within€reasonable€time€has€not€been€respected;€Ð ¤ô ÐÌof€article€14€(3)€(a)€because€he€was€not€promptly€informed€of€the€charges€against€him;€Ð p!À  ÐÌof€article€14€(3)€(b)€because€he€was€unable€either€to€choose€his€own€counsel€or€communicateÐ <#Œ" Ðwith€his€appointed€counsel€and€was,€therefore,€unable€to€.prepare€his€defence;€Ð "$r# ÐÌof€article€14€(3)€(c)€because€he€was€not€tried€without€undue€delays€Ð î%>!% ÐÌof€article€14€(3)€(d)€because€he€was€unable€to€attend€the€trial€at€first€instances€Ð º' #' ÐÌof€article€14€(3)€(e)€because€he€was€denied€the€opportunity€to€obtain€the€attendance€andÐ †)Ö$) Ðexamination€of€witnesses€on€his€behalf.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ21.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toÐ 8,ˆ', Ðtake€immediate€steps€to€ensure€strict€observance€of€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant€and€toÐ -n(- Ðprovide€effective€measures€to€the€victim,€and€in€particular€to€extend€Rau1€Sendic€treatmentÐ ° Ðlaid€down€for€detained€persons€in€articles€7€and€10€of€the€Covenant€and€to€g€ire€him€a€freshÐ –æ Ðtrial€with€all€the€procedural€guarantees€prescribed€by€article€14€of€the€Covenant.€The€StateÐ |Ì Ðparty€must€also€ensure€that€Rail€Sendic€receives€promptly€all€necessary€medical€care.