ÿWPCƒ Œ•X8JÛºù“jÍÙd¿ñÚè Ÿ¨ZÍ,œRIÊ’"{ùþMp6ó~¥‡ ¸ío&„  Ê5eÍÝò*²”¨yNß©[3Û²à,úfݨ_{É'/» ?¯é ðO—ò¼û¥qâvÛ˜1øÿ%å÷™íô$OÚõŠ Û gñðö}}»Í#d;ÑoÂ8þÛ#^qcAÊÖy;¦VÙI«Žs·JVí²@BØ~N,y ¼2Ùý6­•›>®S®NâÇJ%àWÉ»{n‘/®Lºò枸2á°%ì`”êïAô ÒÛ½‘ííßJò¥]!ãÖû¿$¶ÖÜ—Hõ榷°åÚû]qßæ«§À~5m ®âEx®ëŸóGÝ÷ÎàEr‘q ¡WPNÑÇ¡ŒH÷űcÃ&Ÿ¾èžy«!áíì)ˆ’<|ÊZ÷Ú34”Å—oÖÚI½J%ç3HE¼ÿïþ¶l û4-Øy¸Œñceçz¸1+È—JÀ½ÍƒMÔ7™ÒÖpp4Ýz—­ ¹¬HAXù5´BϵëXæ`‘•é6ß«bÝóc!¬óBÉy™Ò@¬„Сk«zǸ×Kµ ÇCo‚O f0ž˜iŧ‘fŠ<¬¼êçJÿ)ëU>z̸ 0µ„ 0<9 0Yu 0_Î 0i- 0P–Ææ 0ᬠ0( D+µ AMà - 0Æ= #Á UNÄ %M(ND^ FwR4Vj mlô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Alberto Altesor v. Uruguay, Communication No. R.2/10 (10 March 1977), U.N. Doc. Supp. No. 4 U.N. Doc. Supp. No. "Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2R$££Ý ƒÕú!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XsÿXXXÔÔ€XsÿXXXsÿÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(žÕú$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XpXXXÔÔ€XpXXXpÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXr~û* Äpì*ê:i¢Ø+00 ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒÕú!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XsÿXXXÔÔ€XsÿXXXsÿÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔAltesorÔ_Ô€v.€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€R.2/10Ð H˜ ÐÌ29€March€1982Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:€óóAlice€Ô_ÔAltesorÔ_Ô€and€Victor€Hugo€Ô_ÔAltesorÔ_ԀРxÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victim:€óóAlberto€Ô_ÔAltesorÔ_ԀРD”  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:€óóUruguay€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó10€March€1977€(date€of€initial€letter)€Ð Ü, ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:€óó29€October€1980€óóÐ ¨ø ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€onÐ Zª ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð @ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€29€March€1982,€Ð  \ ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€R.2/10,€submitted€to€theÐ Ø( ÐCommittee€by€Alice€Ô_ÔAltesorÔ_Ô€and€Victor€Hugo€Ô_ÔAltesorÔ_Ô,€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ ¾ ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð ¤ô ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€authors€of€theÐ p!À  Ðcommunication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned,€Ð V"¦! ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð "$r# ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ Ô&$"& ÐÓÍÓÌÌ1.€The€authors€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€10€March€1977€and€further€lettersÐ †)Ö$) Ðdated€1€August€and€26€November€1977,€19€May€1978,€16€April€1979,€10€June€1980€and€28Ð l*¼%* ÐJanuary€and€6€October€1981)€are€Uruguayan€nationals,€residing€in€Mexico.€They€submittedÐ R+¢&+ Ðthe€communication€on€behalf€of€their€father,€Alberto€Ô_ÔAltesorÔ_Ô€Gonzalez,€a€68„year„oldÐ 8,ˆ', ÐUruguayan€citizen,€a€former€trade€union€leader€and€member€of€the€Uruguayan€Chamber€ofÐ -n(- ÐDeputies,€alleging€that€he€is€arbitrarily€detained€in€Uruguay.€Ð ° ÐÌ1.2€The€authors€of€the€communication€state€that€their€father€was€arrested€in€Montevideo€onÐ |Ì Ð21€October€1975€without€any€formal€charges€brought€against€him.€Although€the€fact€of€hisÐ b² Ðarrest€and€the€place€of€his€imprisonment€were€not€made€public,€the€writers€claim€that€fromÐ H˜ Ðinformation€provided€by€eye„witnesses€arrested€at€the€same€time€and€subsequently€released,Ð . ~ Ðit€can€be€affirmed€that€their€father€was€first€detained€in€a€private€house€and€afterwards€at€theÐ  d ÐÔ_ÔBattallonÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔInfanteriaÔ_Ô€No.€3.€There€he€was€allegedly€subjected€to€beatings€and€electricÐ ú J Ðshocks,€forced€to€remain€standing€for€a€total€of€more€than€400€hours,€and€strung€up€for€longÐ à 0 Ðperiods,€although€shortly€before€his€arrest€he€had€undergone€a€heart€operation€which€savedÐ Æ   Ðhis€life€but€at€the€same€time€made€it€necessary€for€him€to€observe€very€strict€rules€regarding.Ð ¬ ü  Ðwork,€diet€and€medication.€On€14€December€1975€he€was€transferred€to€the€Ô_ÔBatallonÔ_Ô€deÐ ’â  ÐÔ_ÔArtilleriaÔ_Ô€No.€5,€where€he€remained€handcuffed,€hooded€and€in€absolute€solitaryÐ xÈ  Ðconfinement.€He€was€later€moved€to€the€Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô€prison.€He€was€detained€under€the€"promptÐ ^®  Ðsecurity€measures"€and€was€not€brought€before€a€judge€until€over€16€months€after€his€arrest,Ð D”  Ðwhen€he€was€ordered€to€be€tried,€allegedly€on€no€other€charge€than€that€of€his€public€andÐ *z  Ðwell„known€trade€union€and€political€militancy.€He€has€been€deprived€of€his€political€rightsÐ ` Ðunder€òòActa€Ô_ÔInstitucionalÔ_Ô€No.€4€óóof€1€September€1976.€Ð öF ÐÌ1.3€The€authors€further€contend€that€in€practice€internal€Ô_ÔrecoursesÔ_Ô€in€Uruguay€are€totallyÐ Â Ðineffective€and€that€the€recourse€of€òòhabeas€corpus€óóis€denied€by€the€authorities€to€personsÐ ¨ø Ðdetained€under€the€prompt€security€measures.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ1.4€In€a€further€submission,€dated€1€August€1977,€the€authors€allege€that€in€view€of€theirÐ Zª Ðfather's€very€poor€state€of€health,€interim€measures€should€be€taken,€in€accordance€with€ruleÐ @ Ð86€of€the€rules€of€procedure€of€the€Committee,€in€order€to€avoid€irreparable€damage€to€theirÐ &v Ðfather's€health€and€life.€The€authors€claim€that€the€following€provisions€of€the€InternationalÐ  \ ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€have€been€violated:€articles€7€(1),€9€(3)€and€(4),€10Ð òB Ð(2)€(a)€and€(3),€and€25€(a),€(b)€and€(c).€Ð Ø( ÐÌ2.€By€its€decision€of€26€August€1977,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€transmitted€theÐ ¤ô Ðcommunication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€to€the€State€party€concerned€requestingÐ Š Ú Ðinformation€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibility€of€the€communication,Ð p!À  Ðas€well€as€information€concerning€the€state€of€health€of€the€alleged€victim.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ3.€By€a€note€dated€27€October€1977,€the€State€party€objected€to€the€admissibility€of€theÐ "$r# Ðcommunication€on€two€grounds:€(a)€that€the€same€matter€was€already€being€examined€by€theÐ %X $ ÐInter„American€Commission€on€Human€Rights€(Ô_ÔIACHRÔ_Ô)€as€case€No.€2112€and€(b)€that€theÐ î%>!% Ðalleged€victim€had€not€exhausted€all€available€domestic€remedies.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ4.€By€a€further€decision€of€26€January€1978€the€Committee:€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ(a)€Informed€the€authors€of€the€communication€of€the€State€party's€objection€on€the€groundÐ l*¼%* Ðthat€a€case€concerning€their€father€was€already€under€examination€by€Ô_ÔIACHRÔ_Ô,€as€case€No.Ð R+¢&+ Ð2112,€and€solicited€their€comments€thereon;€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ô(b)€Informed€the€State€party€that,€in€the€absence€of€more€specific€information€concerning€theÐ ° Ðdomestic€remedies€said€to€be€available€to€the€author€of€this€communication€and€theÐ –æ Ðeffectiveness€of€those€remedies€as€enforced€by€the€competent€authorities€in€Uruguay,€theÐ |Ì ÐCommittee€was€unable€to€accept€that€he€had€failed€to€exhaust€such€remedies€and€theÐ b² Ðcommunication€would€therefore€not€be€considered€inadmissible€in€so€far€as€exhaustion€ofÐ H˜ Ðdomestic€remedies€was€concerned,€unless€the€State€party€gave€details€of€the€remedies€whichÐ . ~ Ðit€submitted€had€been€available€to€the€author€in€the€circumstances€of€his€case,€together€withÐ  d Ðevidence€that€there€would€be€a€reasonable€prospect€that€such€remedies€would€be€effective;€Ð ú J ÐÌ(c)€Expressed€concern€over€the€fact€that€the€State€party€had,€so€far,€furnished€no€informationÐ Æ   Ðon€Alberto€Altesor's€state€of€health,€urged€the€State€party€as€a€matter€of€urgency€to€arrangeÐ ¬ ü  Ðfor€him€to€be€examined€by€a€competent€medical€board€and€requested€the€State€party€toÐ ’â  Ðfurnish€it€with€a€copy€of€the€board's€report.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌ5.1€By€a€note€dated€14€April€1978,€the€State€party€reiterated€that€the€same€matter€was€beforeÐ D”  ÐIACHR€and€it€submitted€information€which€consisted€of€a€general€description€of€the€rightsÐ *z  Ðavailable€to€the€accused€persons€in€the€military€criminal€tribunals€and€of€the€domesticÐ ` Ðremedies€at€their€disposal€as€means€of€protecting€and€safeguarding€their€rights€under€theÐ öF ÐUruguayan€judicial€system.€The€State€party€also€stated€the€following€concerning€AlbertoÐ Ü, ÐAltesor:€Ð  ÐÌ"He€was€a€member€of€the€Executive€Committee€of€the€Communist€Party€and€was€responsibleÐ ŽÞ Ðfor€the€so„called€fourth€section€of€the€prohibited€communist€party,€i.e.€the€infiltration€of€theÐ tÄ Ðarmed€forces.€He€was€arrested€owing€to€his€connection€with€the€clandestine€and€subversiveÐ Zª Ðactivity€of€the€said€unlawful€organization€on€21€October€1975€and€placed€in€custody€underÐ @ Ðthe€prompt€security€measures.€Subsequently€he€was€brought€before€the€military€examiningÐ &v Ðjudge€of€the€first€circuit;€on€24€September€1976€the€judge€ordered€him€to€be€placed€on€trial,Ð  \ Ðcharged€with€the€offence€referred€to€in€article€60€(V)€of€the€Military€Criminal€CodeÐ òB Ðconcerning€subversive€associations."€Ð Ø( ÐÌ5.2€Concerning€the€state€of€health€of€Alberto€Altesor,€the€State€party€submitted€that€AlbertoÐ ¤ô ÐAltesor€Gonzalez€underwent€surgery€on€26€December€1974€for€a€slight€aortic€stenosis,€thatÐ Š Ú Ðhe€was€entirely€exempt€from€any€kind€of€task€involving€physical€effort,€that€he€was€givenÐ p!À  Ða€diet€suitable€for€the€disease€and€was€under€medical€supervision,€that€the€conditions€underÐ V"¦! Ðwhich€Altesor€was€detained€were€governed€by€the€rules€of€the€prison€establishment€whichÐ <#Œ" Ðare€generally€applicable€to€all€ordinary€offenders€and€which€make€adequate€provision€forÐ "$r# Ðrecreation,€visits,€correspondence,€etc.;€that€a€panel€of€doctors€had€been€asked€to€examineÐ %X $ ÐAlberto€Altesor€and€that€the€opinion€of€this€panel€of€doctors€was€going€to€be€communicatedÐ î%>!% Ðto€the€Committee€in€cue€course.€The€medical€report€was€received€on€5€October€1979€andÐ Ô&$"& Ðtransmitted€to€the€authors€of€the€communication€for€information.€Ð º' #' ÐÌ6.€Further€proceedings€before€the€Human€Rights€Committee€were€considerably€delayedÐ †)Ö$) Ðowing,€first,€to€the€authors'€repeated€efforts€to€conceal€the€fact€that€they€were€indeed€also€theÐ l*¼%* Ðauthors€of€case€No.€2112€before€IACHR€and,€thereafter,€by€their€statements,€which€could€notÐ R+¢&+ Ðbe€confirmed,€that€they€had€withdrawn€case€No.€2112€from€consideration€by€IACHR.Ð 8,ˆ', ÐFinally,€on€10€June€1980,€the€authors€furnished€the€Human€Rights€Committee€with€a€copyÐ -n(- Ðof€their€withdrawal€request€by€the€secretariat€of€IACHR.€The€Committee€has€howeverÐ ° Ðascertained€that€the€case€concerning€Alberto€Altesor€continues€to€be€pursued€by€IACHR,€onÐ –æ Ðthe€basis€of€a€new€complaint€from€an€unrelated€third€party,€submitted€to€IACHR€in€MarchÐ |Ì Ð1979.€Ð b² ÐÌ7.1€For€the€determination€of€admissibility€of€the€communication€which€the€Committee€hadÐ . ~ Ðbefore€it,€the€following€facts€were€established:€Ð  d ÐÌ(a)€Alice€and€Victor€Hugo€Altesor€submitted€their€father's€case€to€IACHR€in€October€1976;€Ð à 0 ÐÌ(b)€They€submitted€their€father's€case€to€the€Human€Rights€Committee€on€10€March€1977;€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ(c)€In€March€1979,€an€unrelated€third€party€complained€to€IACHR€about€the€situation€ofÐ xÈ  ÐAlberto€Altesor;€Ð ^®  ÐÌ(d)€By€letter€of€6€May€1980,'€Alice€and€Victor€Hugo€Altesor€withdrew€their€submission€fromÐ *z  Ðconsideration€by€IACHR.€Ð ` ÐÌ7.2€The€Committee€concluded€that€it€was€not€prevented€from€considering€the€communicationÐ Ü, Ðsubmitted€to€it€by€the€authors€on€10€March€1977€by€reason€of€the€subsequent€complaint€madeÐ Â Ðby€an€unrelated€third€party€under€the€procedures€of€IACHR.€Accordingly€the€CommitteeÐ ¨ø Ðfound€that€the€communication€was€not€inadmissible€under€article€5€(2)€(a)€of€the€OptionalÐ ŽÞ ÐProtocol.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ7.3€With€regard€to€the€exhaustion€of€local€remedies,€the€Committee€was€unable€to€conclude,Ð @ Ðon€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it€that€there€were€remedies€available€to€the€allegedÐ &v Ðvictim€which€he€should€have€pursued.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€found€that€theÐ  \ Ðcommunication€was€not€inadmissible€under€article€(5)€(2)€(b).€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð òB ÐÌ8.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decided€on€29€October€1980:€Ð ¾ ÐÌ(1)€That€the€Communication€was€admissible,€and€that€the€authors€were€justified€in€acting€onÐ Š Ú Ðbehalf€of€their€father;€Ð p!À  ÐÌ(2)€That€the€authors€should€be€requested€to€clarify€without€delay,€and€not€later€than€sixÐ <#Œ" Ðweeks€from€the€date€of€the€transmittal€of€the€present€decision€to€them,€which€of€the€eventsÐ "$r# Ðpreviously€described€by€them€were€alleged€to€have€occurred€on€or€after€23€March€1976€(theÐ %X $ Ðdate€on€which€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€entered€into€force€forÐ î%>!% ÐUruguay)€and€to€provide€the€Committee€with€detailed€information€(including€relevant€dates)Ð Ô&$"& Ðas€to€their€present€knowledge€about€their€father's€treatment€and€situation€after€23€MarchÐ º' #' Ð1976;€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ(4)€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€beÐ l*¼%* Ðrequested€to€submit€to€the€Committee€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€itÐ R+¢&+ Ðof€any€submission€received€from€the€authors€of€the€communication€pursuant€to€operativeÐ 8,ˆ', Ðparagraph€2€above,€written€explanations€and€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,Ð -n(- Ðif€any,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it;€Ð ° ÐÌ(5)€That€the€State€party€be€informed€that€the€written€explanations€or€statements€submittedÐ |Ì Ðby€it€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€must€relate€primarily€to€the€substance€of€theÐ b² Ðmatter€under€consideration.€The€Committee€stressed€that,€in€order€to€perform€itsÐ H˜ Ðresponsibilities,€it€required€specific€and€detailed€responses€to€each€and€every€allegation€madeÐ . ~ Ðby€the€authors€of€the€communication,€and€the€State€party's€explanations€of€the€actions€takenÐ  d Ðby€it.€The€State€party€was€requested,€in€this€connexion,€to€enclose€copies€of€any€court€ordersÐ ú J Ðor€decisions€of€relevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration;€Ð à 0 ÐÌ(7)€That,€further€to€the€requests€set€out€in€operative€paragraphs€4€and€5€above,€the€State€partyÐ ¬ ü  Ðbe€requested€to€furnish€the€Committee,€as€soon€as€possible,€with€information€concerning€theÐ ’â  Ðpresent€state€of€health€of€Alberto€Altesor,€considering€that€the€latest€information€from€theÐ xÈ  ÐState€party€on€this€point€was€dated€5€October€1979.€Ð ^®  ÐÌ9.1€On€28€January€1981€the€authors€submitted€further€information€and€clarifications€pursuantÐ *z  Ðto€paragraph€2€of€the€Committee's€decision€of€29€October€1980.€Ð ` ÐÌ9.2€With€regard€to€acts€which€allegedly€occurred€or€continued€or€had€effects€whichÐ Ü, Ðthemselves€constituted€a€violation€of€the€Covenant€after€23€March€1976,€the€authors€maintainÐ Â Ðthat€all€the€alleged€violations€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€RightsÐ ¨ø Ðoccurred€or€continued€to€make€their€effects€felt€after€that€date.€In€particular€the€authorsÐ ŽÞ Ðindicate€that€their€father€was€kept€in€solitary€confinement€without€being€brought€before€aÐ tÄ Ðjudge€for€16€months,€11€of€which€were€after€the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€entered€intoÐ Zª Ðforce€for€Uruguay.€Ð @ ÐÌ9.3€The€authors€further€allege€that€violations€of€the€Covenant€occurred€not€only€after€its€entryÐ  \ Ðinto€force,€but€also€after€this€communication€was€filed€with€the€Committee,€includingÐ òB Ðspecific€violations€of€article€14,€òòinter€alia,€óóthat€Alberto€Altesor€was€not€tried€until€1977€(i.e.Ð Ø( Ðafter€undue€delay),€that€he€was€tried€by€a€military€and€not€by€a€civilian€court,€that€the€judgeÐ ¾ Ðwas€not€competent,€independent€or€impartial,€that€the€accused€was€not€promptly€informedÐ ¤ô Ðof€the€charges€against€him,€that€he€was€not€allowed€to€defend€himself€in€person,€that€thereÐ Š Ú Ðwas€no€public€hearing,€and€that€the€witnesses€on€his€behalf€were€not€allowed€to€be€examinedÐ p!À  Ðunder€the€same€conditions€as€the€witnesses€against€him.€The€authors€also€allege€proceduralÐ V"¦! Ðirregularities€in€the€trial,€including€the€sentencing€of€Alberto€Altesor€to€eight€years'Ð <#Œ" Ðimprisonment,€although€the€prosecution€had€allegedly€asked€only€for€a€sentence€of€six€years.Ð "$r# ÐAlthough€more€than€five€years€have€elapsed€since€his€arrest€(at€the€time€of€writing€in€JanuaryÐ %X $ Ð1981),€his€case€is€supposedly€still€in€a€court€of€second€instance.€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ9.4€With€regard€to€Alberto€Altesor's€state€of€health,€the€authors€allege€that€he€has€been€aÐ º' #' Ðpatient€at€the€Military€Hospital€since€29€December€1980;€before€that,€at€the€Libertad€prison,Ð  (ð#( Ðhe€had€been€found€to€be€suffering€from€chest€pains,€fainting€and€loss€of€weight.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ10.1€In€its€submission€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€dated€21€August€1981,Ð R+¢&+ Ðthe€State€party€rejects€the€authors'€assertion€in€their€submission€of€28€January€1981€thatÐ 8,ˆ', Ðarticle€14€of€the€Covenant€was€violated€because€Alberto€Altesor€was€tried€by€a€military€andÐ -n(- Ðnot€by€a€civilian€tribunal,€referring€to€the€Uruguayan€law€No.€14068€(State€Security€Act),Ð ° Ðwhich€establishes€the€jurisdiction€of€military€courts€over€offences€against€the€State,€includingÐ –æ Ðthe€offences€of€"subversive€association"€and€"action€to€upset€the€Constitution"€of€which€Mr.Ð |Ì ÐAltesor€was€accused.€The€State€party€further€asserts€that€due€procedural€guarantees€wereÐ b² Ðobserved€during€the€trial,€and€that€Alberto€Altesor€had€court„appointed€counsel.€Ð H˜ ÐÌ10.2€With€regard€to€the€authors'€assertion€that€the€case€is€still€pending€in€a€court€of€secondÐ  d Ðinstance,€the€State€party€explains€that€this€is€incorrect€and€that€the€court€of€second€instanceÐ ú J Ðconfirmed€the€judgement€of€the€court€of€first€instance€on€18€March€1980.€Ð à 0 ÐÌ10.3€The€State€party€also€rejects€the€assertion€that€Alberto€Altesor€is€being€subjected€toÐ ¬ ü  Ðpersecution€because€of€his€political€ideas.€Ð ’â  ÐÌ10.4€With€regard€to€Alberto€Altesor's€state€of€health,€the€State€party€indicates€that€heÐ ^®  Ðunderwent€medical€examination€on€20€March€1981,€without,€however,€specifying€the€resultÐ D”  Ðof€the€examination.€The€State€party€adds€that€it€has€communicated€to€the€authors€via€theÐ *z  ÐUruguayan€Embassy€in€Mexico€that€the€Government€of€Uruguay€is€prepared€to€carry€out€anyÐ ` Ðfurther€medical€examinations€and€treatment€as€may€be€required€by€Alberto€Altesor's€state€ofÐ öF Ðhealth.€Ð Ü, ÐÌ11.1€In€a€further€letter€dated€6€October€1981€the€authors€refer€to€the€State€party's€submissionÐ ¨ø Ðunder€article€4€(2),€and€claim€that€it€does€not€answer€their€specific€complaints€Of€violationsÐ ŽÞ Ðof€guarantees€embodied€in€the€Covenant.€The€fact€that€their€father€was€brought€before€.theÐ tÄ Ðmilitary€courts€because€of€the€terms€of€a€particular€Uruguayan€law€cannot€alter€the€essenceÐ Zª Ðof€the€matter:€"that€the€procedure€applied€in€this€way€is€lacking€in€internationally€establishedÐ @ Ðguarantees".€Ð &v ÐÌ11.2€With€respect€to€their€allegation€that€the€sentence€against€their€father€was€politicallyÐ òB Ðmotivated,€they€indicate€that€the€State€party€still€has€not€specifically€stated€which€acts€theÐ Ø( Ðdetainee€committed€in€order€to€warrant€his€present€situation..€Ð ¾ ÐÌ11.3€The€authors€also€declare€that€they€never€received€any€information€about€their€father'sÐ Š Ú Ðstate€of€health€through€the€Embassay€of€Uruguay€in€Mexico.€Ð p!À  ÐÌ12.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee€has€considered€the€present€communication€in€the€lightÐ <#Œ" Ðof€all€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties,€as€provided€in€article€5€(1)€of€theÐ "$r# ÐOptional€Protocol.€The€Committee€bases€its€views€on€the€following€facts:€Ð %X $ ÐÌ12.2€Alberto€Altesor€was€arrested€in€Montevideo€on€21€October€1975€and€placed€in€custodyÐ Ô&$"& Ðunder€the€prompt€security€measures.€Recourse€to€òòhabeas€corpus€óówas€not€available€to€him.€OnÐ º' #' Ð24€September€1976€a€military€judge€ordered€him€to€be€placed€on€trial,€charged€with€theÐ  (ð#( Ðoffence€referred€to€in€article€60€(V)€of€the€Military€Criminal€Code€concerning€"subversiveÐ †)Ö$) Ðassociation".€The€court€of€first€instance€sentenced€him€to€eight€years'€imprisonment€(theÐ l*¼%* ÐCommittee€is€not€informed€of€the€date€of€this€decision)..€The€court€of€second€instanceÐ R+¢&+ Ðconfirmed€the€judgement€of€the€court€of€first€instance€on€18€March€1980.€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ð13.1€In€formulating€its€views€the€Human€Rights€Committee€also€takes€into€account€theÐ ° Ðfollowing€considerations,€which€reflect€a€failure€by€both€parties€to€furnish€the€informationÐ –æ Ðand€clarifications€necessary€for€the€Committee€to€formulate€final€views€on€a€number€ofÐ |Ì Ðimportant€issues:€Ð b² ÐÌ13.2€In€operative€paragraph€2€of€its€decision€on€admissibility€of€29€October€1980,€theÐ . ~ ÐCommittee€requested€the€authors€to€clarify€which€of€the€events€previously€described€by€themÐ  d Ðwere€alleged€to€have€occurred€on€or€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€on€which€the€CovenantÐ ú J Ðentered€into€force€for€Uruguay)€and€to€provide€detailed€information€as€to€their€presentÐ à 0 Ðknowledge€about€their€father's€treatment€after€this€date.€The€Committee€notes€that€theÐ Æ   Ðauthors'€reply€on€28€January€1981€and€their€submission€of€6€October€1981€do€not€furnish€theÐ ¬ ü  ÐCommittee€with€any€further€precise€information€to€enable€it€to€establish€with€certainty€whatÐ ’â  Ðin€fact€occurred€after€23€March€1976.€The€authors€claim€that,€based€on€information€providedÐ xÈ  Ðby€eye„witnesses€arrested€at€the€same€time€as€Alberto€Altesor€and€subsequently€released,Ð ^®  Ðtheir€father€was€subjected€to€torture€following€his€arrest.€No€eye„witness€testimonies€haveÐ D”  Ðbeen€furnished,€nor€a€clear€indication€of€the€time„frame€involved.€The€authors€have€howeverÐ *z  Ðexplained€that€the€"mistreatment€which€he€suffered€earlier,€to€the€point€of€having€to€beÐ ` Ðhospitalized,€is€not€inflicted€on€him€at€present".€Ð öF ÐÌ13.3€With€respect€to€the€date€when€Alberto€Altesor€was€first€brought€before€a€judge,€theÐ Â Ðauthors€claim€that€he€was€kept€incommunicado€and€not€brought€before€a€judge€for€over€16Ð ¨ø Ðmonths€after€his€arrest.€The€State€party's€explanations€in€its€note€of€14€April€1978€areÐ ŽÞ Ðambiguous€in€this€respect:€"Fue€detenido€...€el€21/10/75€e€internado€al€amparo€de€las€medidasÐ tÄ Ðprontas€de€seguridad.€Con€posterioridad€fue€sometido€al€juez€militar€de€instruccion€de€ler.Ð Zª Ðturno€quien€con€fecha€24€de€Septiembre€de€1976€dispuso€su€procesamiento€...".€TheÐ @ ÐCommittee€cannot€determine€whether€"con€posterioridad"€(subsequently)€means€that€AlbertoÐ &v ÐAltesor€was€brought€before€a€judge€within€a€reasonable€time;€nor€is€it€clear€whether€"fueÐ  \ ÐsomeriCo€al€juez€militar"€means€that€he€was€brought€personally€before€the€judge€or€whetherÐ òB Ðhis€case€was€merely€submitted€to€the€judge€in€writing€or€in€the€presence€of€a€legalÐ Ø( Ðrepresentative.€The€State€party€should€have€clearly€stated€the€precise€date€when€AlbertoÐ ¾ ÐAltesor€was€brought€personally€before€a€judge,€since€article€9€(3)€of€the€Covenant€requiresÐ ¤ô Ðthat€"Anyone€arrested€or€detained€on€a€criminal€charge€shall€be€brought€promptly€before€aÐ Š Ú Ðjudge."€Without€that€statement,€the€State€party€has€failed€to€rebut€the€authors'€allegation€thatÐ p!À  Ðtheir€father€was€not€brought€before€a€judge€until€after€16€months€of€detention.€The€fact€thatÐ V"¦! ÐAlberto€Altesor€was€committed€for€trial€by€a€military€judge€of€24€September€1976€(i.e.€overÐ <#Œ" Ð11€months€after€his€arrest),€does€not€adequately€clarify€the€matter.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ13.4€The€authors€claim€that€their€father€was€arrested€because€of€his€political€activities.€InÐ î%>!% Ðreply,€the€State€party€stated€that€Alberto€Altesor€headed€a€section€of€the€proscribedÐ Ô&$"& ÐCommunist€Party€believed€to€be€engaged€in€the€infiltration€of€the€armed€forces,€and€that€heÐ º' #' Ðwas€arrested€owing€to€his€connexion€with€the€clandestine€and€subversive€activity€of€the€saidÐ  (ð#( Ðunlawful€organization.€The€State€party€has€not€furnished€any€court€decision€or€otherÐ †)Ö$) Ðinformation€as€to€the€specific€nature€of€the€activities€in€which€Alberto€Altesor€was€allegedÐ l*¼%* Ðto€have€been€engaged€and€which€led€to€his€detention.€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ13.5€In€operative€paragraph€5€of€its€decision€of€29€October€1980€the€Committee€requestedÐ -n(- Ðthe€State€party€to€furnish€specific€and€detailed€responses€to€each€and€every€allegation€madeÐ ° Ðby€the€authors.€The€Committee€observes€that€the€State€party's€submission€under€article€4€(2)Ð –æ Ðof€the€Optional€Protocol,€dated€21€August€1981,€does€not€constitute€sufficient€refutation€withÐ |Ì Ðregard€to€various€of€the€allegations€made€by€the€authors.€The€State€party's€general€statementsÐ b² Ðthat€"the€trial€was€held€with€all€due€guarantees"€and€that€Alberto€Altesor€had€"counsel€asÐ H˜ Ðrequired€by€law"€are€insufficient€to€rebut€the€allegations€that€the€accused€was€not€promptlyÐ . ~ Ðinformed€of€the€charges€against€him,€that€he€was€not€allowed€to€defend€himself€in€person,Ð  d Ðthat€there€was€no€public€hearing,€and€that€defence€witnesses€were€not€examined€under€theÐ ú J Ðsame€conditions€as€witnesses€against€him.€The€State€party€has€not€responded€to€theÐ à 0 ÐCommittee's€request€that€it€should€be€furnished€with€copies€of€any€court€orders€or€decisionsÐ Æ   Ðrelevant€to€the€matter.€The€Committee€is€seriously€concerned€by€this€omission.€AlthoughÐ ¬ ü  Ðsimilar€requests€have€been€made€in€a€number€of€other€cases,€the€Committee€has€never€yetÐ ’â  Ðbeen€furnished€with€the€texts€of€any€court€decisions.€In€such€circumstances,€the€CommitteeÐ xÈ  Ðfeels€unable,€on€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it,€to€accept€the€State€party's€contentionÐ ^®  Ðthat€Alberto€Altesor€had€a€fair€trial.€Ð D”  ÐÌ14.€As€to€the€authors'€allegation€that€the€enactment€of€òòActa€Institucional€No.€4€óóof€1Ð ` ÐSeptember€1976,€òòaóó/which€curtailed€the€political€rights€of€various€categories€of€citizens,€madeÐ öF Ðtheir€father€a€victim€of€violations€of€article€25€of€the€Covenant,€the€Committee€refers€to€theÐ Ü, Ðconsiderations€reflected€in€its€views€on€a€number€of€other€cases€(e.g.€in€R.7/28,€R.7/32,Ð Â ÐR.8/34€and€R.10/44),€concerning€the€compatibility€of€òòActa€Institucional€No.€4€óówith€theÐ ¨ø Ðprovisions€of€article€25€of€the€Covenant,€which€proscribes€"unreasonable€restrictions"€on€theÐ ŽÞ Ðenjoyment€of€political€rights.€It€has€been€the€Committee's€considered€view€that€thisÐ tÄ Ðenactment€which€deprives€all€citizens,€who€as€members€of€certain€political€groups€had€beenÐ Zª Ðcandidates€in€the€elections€of€1966€and€1971,€of€any€political€rights€for€a€period€as€long€asÐ @ Ð15€years€is€an€unreasonable€restriction€of€the€political€rights€protected€by€article€25€of€theÐ &v ÐCovenant.€Ð  \ ÐÌ15.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ Ø( ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€these€facts,€in€so€farÐ ¾ Ðas€they€have€occurred€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€entered€intoÐ ¤ô Ðforce€in€respect€of€Uruguay),€disclose€violations€of€the€Covenant,€in€particular:€Ð Š Ú ÐÌof€article€9,(3),€because€Alberto€Altesor€was€not€brought€promptly€before€a€judge€or€otherÐ V"¦! Ðofficer€authorized€by€law€to€exercise€judicial€power;€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌof€article€9€(4),€because€recourse€to€òòhabeas€corpus€óówas€not€available€to€him;€Ð %X $ ÐÌof€article€10€(1),€because€he€was€held€incommunicado€for€several€months;€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌof€article€14€(1)€and€(3),€because€he€did€not€have€a€fair€and€public€hearing;€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌof€article€25,€because€he€is€barred€from€taking€part€in€the€conduct€of€public€affairs€and€fromÐ l*¼%* Ðvoting€in€elections€or€from€being€elected€for€15€years€in€accordance€with€òòActa€InstitucionalÐ R+¢&+ ÐNo.€4€óóof€1€September€1976.€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ð16.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toÐ ° Ðprovide€the€victim€with€effective€remedies,€including€compensation,€for€the€violations€whichÐ –æ Ðhe€has€suffered€and€to€take€steps€to€ensure€that€similar€violations€do€not€occur€in€the€future.Ð |Ì ÐThe€State€party€should€also€ensure€that€Alberto€Altesor€receives€all€necessary€medical€care.€Ð b² ÐÌÌòòNotesóó€Ð  d ÐÌòòaóó/€The€relevant€part€of€the€Act€reads€as€follows:€Ð à 0 ÐÌ"...€The€Executive€Power,€in€exercise€of€the€powers€conferred€on€it€by€the€institutionalizationÐ ¬ ü  Ðof€the€revolutionary€process,€Ð ’â  ÐÌDECREES:€Ð ^®  ÐÌ"Art.€1.€The€following€shall€be€prohibited,€for€a€term€of€15€years,€from€engaging€in€any€ofÐ *z  Ðthe€activities€of€a€political€nature€authorized€by€the€Constitution€of€the€Republic,€includingÐ ` Ðthe€vote:€Ð öF ÐÌ"(a)€All€candidates€for€elective€office€on€the€lists€for€the€1966€and€1971€elections€of€theÐ Â ÐMarxist€and€pro„Marxist€Political€Parties€or€Groups€declared€illegal€by€the€resolutions€of€theÐ ¨ø ÐExecutive€Power€No.€1788/67€of€12€December€1967€and€No.€1026/73€of€26€November€1973;Ð ŽÞ Ð..."