ÿWPCƒ t‰ù:UH³õîFSÕ¢nÃûAGÚ~*J :¹‡F¯¨…Å…÷ÍÁÀæ:‹Ëât³s5‘^°<ŸÃbyÉ!ÞMíë3Ü#ÅŸíš?–È&ø•KÌ{ž#ifh´ˆîh'QúÈLj±F3ög¼ÌžŒÞ«§4heÁÀ)€üs¶Ÿ¢ T}àOˆÃ¼~Y!ƒ 'Ûœ–bÐj$ßjÌmlÜÙ›óÕõӵ޹•Ût’eT¯¦¡{·F_CiàÝ_Ì=S©PÂpe‰äPNçáü‹6JÈ9›ÿ®êØasØ %#€Â-É£¹Ú93fžýwCÅvŠâPŸÅñ5‡Œ’ž*a…òÅšùK XÿÀrMîtáw9©eÉoØUr¤`ÑŸð1F‰3œËz«ïôdÆì°U‘¾¡Û)kI޶ߨ–ÊB®¸¢t—<•t˜B… ø¦ìÃIU¦§DpÃ`ÿÒ)¨ü˜ì»æÔéèEVWIZAMr:ˆZ–]õ¦sÛ„7,¹!j’þ>ȉš æû _¿ÅYMfÝÙþPQÜ9É× Ø7Òâ°à/Ÿªˆ,ÉÆžvÜAEc/B|+îOaúråùƤ#uêß~±÷Eàn<ϼoÍ9ŠU>z̸ 0µ„ 0<9 0Yu 0_Î 0i- 0P–Ææ 0ᬠ0( D+µ AMà - 0Æ= #Á UNÄ %M(ND^ FwR4Vj mlô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Eduardo Bleier v. Uruguay, Communication No. R.7/30 (23 May 1978), U.N. Doc. Supp. No. 40 4N. Doc. Supp. No. 40 "Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2³O$££Ý ƒõþ!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X|OXXXÔÔ€X|OXXX|OÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(žõþ$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xa£XXXÔÔ€Xa£XXXa£ÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX¥~û* Äpì*h¡ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒõþ!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X|OXXXÔÔ€X|OXXX|OÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔBleierÔ_Ô€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€R.7/30Ð H˜ ÐÌ29€March€1982Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:€óóIrene€Ô_ÔBleierÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔLewenhoffÔ_Ô€and€Rosa€Ô_ÔValinoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔBleierÔ_ԀРxÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victim:€óóEduardo€Ô_ÔBleierÔ_Ô,€authors'€father€and€husband,€respectively€Ð D”  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:€óóUruguay€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó23€May€1978€(date€of€initial€letter)€Ð Ü, ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:€óó24€March€1980€óóÐ ¨ø ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ Zª Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð @ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€29€March€1982,€Ð  \ ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€R.7/30€submitted€to€theÐ Ø( ÐCommittee€by€Irene€Ô_ÔBleierÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔLewenhoffÔ_Ô€and€Rosa€Ô_ÔValinoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔBleierÔ_Ô€under€the€OptionalÐ ¾ ÐProtocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð ¤ô ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€authors€of€theÐ p!À  Ðcommunication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned,€Ð V"¦! ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð "$r# ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ Ô&$"& ÐÓ§ÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€original€communication€(initial€letter€dated€23€May€1978€and€furtherÐ †)Ö$) Ðletter€dated€15€February€1979)€is€Irene€Ô_ÔBleierÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔLewenhoffÔ_Ô,€a€Uruguayan€national€residing€inÐ l*¼%* ÐIsrael.€She€is€the€daughter€of€the€alleged€victim.€Her€information€was€supplemented€byÐ R+¢&+ Ðfurther€letters€(dated€25€February,€20€June,€26€July€and€31€October€1980€and€4€January€andÐ 8,ˆ', Ð10€December€1981)€from€Rosa€Ô_ÔValinoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔBleierÔ_Ô,€a€Uruguayan€national€residing€in€HungaryÐ -n(- Ðwho€is€the€alleged€victim's€wife.€Ð ° ÐÌ2.1€In€her€letter€of€23€May€1978,€the€author,€Irene€Ô_ÔBleierÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔLewenhoffÔ_Ô,€states€the€following:€Ð |Ì ÐÌ2.2€her€father,€Eduardo€Ô_ÔBleierÔ_Ô,€was€arrested€without€a€court€order€in€Montevideo,€Uruguay,Ð H˜ Ðat€the€end€of€October€1975.€The€authorities€did€not€acknowledge€his€arrest€and€he€was€heldÐ . ~ Ðincommunicado€at€an€unknown€place€of€detention.€Met€father's€detention€was,€however,Ð  d Ðindirectly€confirmed€because€his€name€was€on€a€list€of€prisoners€read€out€once€a€week€at€anÐ ú J Ðarmy€unit€in€Montevideo€where€his€family€delivered€clothing€for€him€and€received€his€dirtyÐ à 0 Ðclothing.€His€name€appeared€on€that€list€for€several€months€until€the€middle€of€1976.€On€11Ð Æ   ÐAugust€1976,€"Communique€No.€1334€of€the€Armed€Forces€Press€Office"€was€printed€in€allÐ ¬ ü  Ðthe€Montevideo€newspapers€requesting€the€general€public€to€co„operate€in€the€capture€of€14Ð ’â  Ðpersons,€among€whom€Eduardo€Ô_ÔBleierÔ_Ô€was€listed,€"known€to€be€associated€with€the€bannedÐ xÈ  ÐCommunist€Party,€who€had€not€presented€themselves€when€summoned€before€the€militaryÐ ^®  Ðcourts".€The€author€also€alleges€that€her€father€was€subjected€to€particularly€cruel€treatmentÐ D”  Ðand€torture€because€of€his€Jewish€origin.€Ð *z  ÐÌ2.3€A€number€of€detainees€who€were€held,€together€with€the€author's€father,€and€who€wereÐ öF Ðlater€allowed€to€communicate€with€their€families€or€were€released,€gave€independent€butÐ Ü, Ðsimilar€accounts€of€the€cruel€torture€to€which€Eduardo€Ô_ÔBleierÔ_Ô€was€subjected.€They€generallyÐ Â Ðagreed€that€he€was€singled€out€for€especially€cruel€treatment€because€he€was€a€Jew.€Thus,€onÐ ¨ø Ðone€occasion,€the€other€prisoners€were€forced€to€bury€him,€covering€his€whole€body€withÐ ŽÞ Ðearth,€and€to€walk€over€him.€As€a€result€of€this€treatment€inflicted€upon€him,€he€was€in€a€veryÐ tÄ Ðbad€state€and€towards€December€1975€had€to€be€interned€in€the€Military€Hospital.€Ð Zª ÐÌ2.4€At€the€time€of€the€submission€of€the€communication€the€author€assumed€that€EduardoÐ &v ÐÔ_ÔBleierÔ_Ô€was€either€detained€incommunicado€or€had€died€as€a€result€of€torture.€The€authorÐ  \ Ðfurther€states€that€since€her€father's€arrest,€owing€to€the€uncertainty,€there€has€been€aÐ òB Ðcomplete€disruption€of€family€life.€She€also€claims€that€the€Ô_ÔhonourÔ_Ô€and€reputation€of€herÐ Ø( Ðfather€were€attacked€in€every€possible€way€by€the€authorities,€in€particular€by€the€publicationÐ ¾ Ðof€the€above„quoted€"communique".€Ð ¤ô ÐÌ2.5€The€author€maintains€that€in€practice€legal€remedies€do€not€exist€in€Uruguay.€She€claimsÐ p!À  Ðthat€òòhabeas€corpus€óóor€other€similar€remedies€cannot€be€invoked€against€arrests€under€theÐ V"¦! Ð"prompt€security€measures".€In€the€case€of€her€father,€all€of€the€guarantees€of€òòÔ_ÔamparoÔ_Ô€óóthatÐ <#Œ" Ðcould€be€invoked€in€penal€proceedings€were€irrelevant,€because€he€never€appeared€beforeÐ "$r# Ðany€court;€nor€was€he€ever€formally€informed€of€the€reasons€for€his€arrest.€The€author€claimsÐ %X $ Ðthat€her€father€was€arrested€because€of€his€political€opinions.€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ2.6€She€further€states€that€the€authorities€never€answered€the€numerous€letters€addressed€toÐ º' #' Ðthem€by€various€personalities,€institutions€or€organizations,€asking€for€information€about€herÐ  (ð#( Ðfather's€situation.€She€adds€that€such€silence€might€well€indicate€that€her€father€died€as€aÐ †)Ö$) Ðresult€of€torture.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ2.7€The€author€claims€that€the€following€provisions€of€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilÐ 8,ˆ', Ðand€Political€Rights€have€been€violated€by€the€Uruguayan€authorities€in€respect€of€her€father:Ð -n(- ÐÔ_Ôarticles€2,€3,€6,€7,€9,€(1)€(2)€(3)€(4)€and€(5),€10,€12€(2),€14,€15,€17,€18,€19,€25€and€26.€Ð ° ÐÌ3.€By€its€decision€of€26€July€1978,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€transmitted€theÐ |Ì Ðcommunication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€to€the€State€partyÐ b² Ðconcerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibilityÐ H˜ Ðof€the€communication.€Ð . ~ ÐÌ4.€By€a€note€dated€29€December€1978€the€State€party€informed€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ ú J Ðthat€a€warrant€had€been€out€for€the€arrest€of€Eduardo€Bleier€since€26€August€1976,€as€he€wasÐ à 0 Ðsuspected€of€being€connected€with€the€subversive€activities€of€the€banned€Communist€PartyÐ Æ   Ðand€had€gone€into€hiding€("wanted€person€No.€1,189").€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ5.€In€reply€to€the€State€party's€submission€of€29€December€1978,€Irene€Bleier€Lewenhoff,€byÐ xÈ  Ða€letter€dated€15€February€1979,€stated€that€she€had€irrefutable€proof€of€the€arrest€of€herÐ ^®  Ðfather€and€the€treatment€inflicted€upon€him€during€detention.€She€claims€that€she€has€had€theÐ D”  Ðopportunity€to€talk€in€various€parts€of€the€world€with€persons€formerly€imprisoned€inÐ *z  ÐUruguay€and€that€many€of€them€spoke€of€her€father€and€the€barbarous€torture€to€which€heÐ ` Ðhad€been€subjected.€Ð öF ÐÌ6.€By€a€letter€dated€25€February€1980,€Rosa€Valino€Bleier,€the€wife€of€the€alleged€victim,Ð Â Ðrequested€the€Human€Rights€Committee€to€accept€her€as€co„author€of€communication€No.Ð ¨ø ÐR.7/30€concerning€her€husband,€Eduardo€Bleier.€She€further€confirmed€all€the€basic€facts€asÐ ŽÞ Ðoutlined€in€Irene€Bleier€Lewenhoff's€communication€of€23€May€1978.€In€addition,€she€statedÐ tÄ Ðthat€she€has€received€many€unofficial€statements,€the€latest€in€December€1978,€indicatingÐ Zª Ðthat€her€husband€was€still€alive.€She€claims€that€some€of€the€persons€who€were€imprisonedÐ @ Ðwith€her€husband€and€witnessed€his€tortures€and€who€have€explained€to€her€the€facts€inÐ &v Ðdetail,€have€now€left€Uruguay.€She€further€stated€that€in€1976,€she€submitted€an€applicationÐ  \ Ðfor€òòhabeas€corpus€óóto€the€military€court,€as€a€result€of€which€she€received€a€report€saying€thatÐ òB Ðher€husband€had€been€"wanted"€since€August€of€the€same€year.€Ð Ø( ÐÌ7.€On€24€March€1980,€the€Committee€decided:€Ð ¤ô ÐÌ(a)€That€the€authors€were€justified€in€acting€on€behalf€of€the€alleged€victim€by€reason€of€closeÐ p!À  Ðfamily€connexion;€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ(b)€That€the€communication€was€admissible€in€so€far€as€it€related€to€events€which€haveÐ "$r# Ðallegedly€continued€or€taken€place€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€of€the€entry€into€force€ofÐ %X $ Ðthe€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€for€Uruguay);€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ(c)€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€beÐ º' #' Ðrequested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€itÐ  (ð#( Ðof€this€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€ifÐ †)Ö$) Ðany,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it;€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ(d)€That€the€State€party€be€informed€that€the€written€explanations€or€statements„submittedÐ 8,ˆ', Ðby€it€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€must€relate€primarily€to€the€substance€of€theÐ -n(- Ðmatter€under€consideration.€The€Committee€stressed€that,€in€order€to€perform€itsÐ ° Ðresponsibilities,€it€required€specific€responses€to€the€allegation€which€had€been€made€by€theÐ –æ Ðauthors€of€the€communication,€and€the€State€party's€explanations€of€the€actions€taken€by€it;€Ð |Ì ÐÌ(f)€That€the€authors€be€requested€to€submit€any€additional€detailed€information€available€toÐ H˜ Ðthem€of€Eduardo€Bleier's€arrest€and€treatment€during€detention,€including€statements€fromÐ . ~ Ðother€prisoners€who€claim€to€have€seen€him€in€captivity€in€Uruguay.€Ð  d ÐÌ8.1€In€reply€to€the€Committee's€request€for€additional€detailed€information€on€Mr.€Bleier'sÐ à 0 Ðarrest€and€treatment,€Rosa€Valino€de€Bleier,€in€two€letters€dated€20€June€and€26€July€1980,Ð Æ   Ðprovided€detailed€information€which€she€had€obtained€from€other€ex„prisoners€who€claimedÐ ¬ ü  Ðto€have€seen€her€husband€in€captivity€in€Uruguay.€She€also€included€the€text€of€testimoniesÐ ’â  Ðon€her€husband's€detention€and€ill„treatment.€In€one€of€the€testimonies€an€eyewitness,€AlcidesÐ xÈ  ÐLanza€Perdomo,€a€Uruguayan€citizen,€at€present€resident€in€Sweden€as€a€political€refugee,Ð ^®  Ðdeclared,€òòinter€alia,€óóthe€following:€Ð D”  ÐÌ"I€have€known€Mr.€Eduardo€Bleier€personally€since€1955;€our€acquaintance€continued€untilÐ ` Ð1975.€Therefore€my€ability€to€identify€him€in€person€is€beyond€doubt.€I€was€detained€inÐ öF ÐMontevideo€on€2€February€1976€and€held€until€1€July€1979€...€At€the€beginning€of€myÐ Ü, Ðimprisonment,€on€a€date€between€6€and€10€February€1976€which€I€cannot€specify€moreÐ Â Ðexactly€with€any€certainty,€the€events€which€I€am€about€to€relate€took€place.€I€wasÐ ¨ø Ðimprisoned€in€the€barracks€of€Infantry€Regiment€No.€13,€in€C€n€Casavalle,€Montevideo,€heldÐ ŽÞ Ðcompletely€incommunicado€and€tortured€along€with€other€prisoners.€On€two€or€threeÐ tÄ Ðoccasions€I€struggled€violently€with€the€torturers€and,€driven€by€pain€and€desperation,Ð Zª Ðsnatched€off€the€hood€which€I€had€to€wear€111€the€time.€Ð @ ÐÌ"On€those€occasions€I€saw€Eduardo€Bleier,€who€was€being€subjected€to€savage€torture€by€aÐ  \ Ðgroup€of€men.€I€identified€him€quite€clearly€and€positively,€without€the€slightest€doubt,€andÐ òB Ðso€confirmed€my€certainty€that€Mr.€Bleier€was€there€and€was€being€tortured,€because€I€hadÐ Ø( Ðfor€a€long€time€fully€recognized€his€voice,€both€in€its€normal€tone€and€in€his€heart„rendingÐ ¾ Ðshrieks€under€torture;€Ð ¤ô ÐÌ"What€I€was€able€to€see€and€hear€showed€that€Mr.€Bleier€was€being€subjected€to€particularlyÐ p!À  Ðbrutal€torture€and€continually€insulted€at€the€same€time."€òòaóó/€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ8.2€The€additional€information€submitted€by€Rosa€Valino€de€Bleier€on€20€June€and€26€JulyÐ "$r# Ð1980€was€transmitted€to€the€State€party€on€23€June€and€2€September€1980,€respectively.€Ð %X $ ÐÌ9.€In€its€submission€of€9€October€1980,€the€State€party€repeated€what€it€had€stated€in€its€briefÐ Ô&$"& Ðsubmission€of€29€December€1978,€namely,€that€a€warrant€was€still€out€for€the€arrest€ofÐ º' #' ÐEduardo€Bleier,€whose€whereabouts,€were€still€unknown.€No€information,€explanations€orÐ  (ð#( Ðobservations€were€offered€with€regard€to€the€various€submissions€from€the€authorsÐ †)Ö$) Ðconcerning€Mr.€Bleier's€detention.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ10.1€With€reference€to€operative€paragraph€6€of€the€Committee's€decision€of€24€March€1980,Ð 8,ˆ', ÐMrs.€Rosa€Bleier€submitted€on€31€October€1980€three€further€testimonies€from€persons€whoÐ -n(- Ðclaim€to€have€seen€Eduardo€Bleier€in€detention.€One€of€them,€Manuel€Pineiro€Pena,€aÐ ° ÐSpanish€citizen,€declared€in€Barcelona,€Spain,€on€24€September€1980:€Ð –æ ÐÌ"I€was€arrested€in€my€house€by€an€intelligence€squad€of€the€Uruguayan€army€in€the€earlyÐ b² Ðmorning€of€27€October€1975€and€taken€hooded€to€a€private€house€used€by€this€squad€for€allÐ H˜ Ðkinds€of€torture€...€In€this€place,€three€days€after€my€arrest,€I€heard€for€the€first€time€the€voiceÐ . ~ Ðand€cries€of€Eduardo€Bleier€as€he€was€being€tortured.€I€heard€them€again€in€the€early€daysÐ  d Ðof€November€of€the€same€year€when€I€was€transferred€to€the€barracks€of€the€13th€InfantryÐ ú J ÐBattalion€in€Calle€Instrucciones,€where€I€could€also€see€him€through€a€small€gap€in€theÐ à 0 Ðblindfold€which€covered€my€eyes€during€the€first€eight€months€of€my€detention€and€alsoÐ Æ   Ðbecause,€for€some€15€days,€we€were€lying€on€the€floor€side€by€side€...€Then,€one€night€inÐ ¬ ü  Ðearly€December,€I€heard€them€calling€him€as€always€by€his€number,€which€was€52,€and€theyÐ ’â  Ðtook€him€to€the€interrogation€room;€for€hours€his€cries€were€heard,€and€then€there€came€aÐ xÈ  Ðmoment€when€his€cries€ceased€and€we€heard€the€medical€orderly€being€summoned€urgently."€Ð ^®  ÐÌ10.2€Another€witness,€Vilma€Antuney€de€Muro,€a€Uruguayan€citizen€residing€in€Sweden,Ð *z  Ðtestified€that€she€had€been€arrested€on€3€November€1975€and€taken€to€the€barracks€of€theÐ ` Ð13th€Infantry€Battalion,€where€she€first€saw€Bleier€on€7€November.€Ð öF ÐÌ"During€the€night€of€the€same€day€we€heard€cries€and€saw€Bleier€falling€down€the€stairsÐ Â Ðwhich€led€to€the€little€room€upstairs.€When€he€reached€the€bottom,€he€sat€up€and€saidÐ ¨ø Ðsomething€to€them€for€which€he€was€beaten.€On€another€day,€between€the€cries€of€one€of€theÐ ŽÞ Ðworst€torture€sessions,€I€suddenly€heard€about€six€or€seven€people€approaching,€strugglingÐ tÄ Ðwith€someone€who€clutched€me€for€a€moment€and€said,€'They€want€to€kill€me'.€At€thatÐ Zª Ðmoment€they€trampled€on€one€of€my€breasts€and€the€pain€forced€me€to€sit€up€...€my€blindfoldÐ @ Ðslipped€and€I€saw€that€some€torturers€were€again€taking€Bleier€upstairs."€Ð &v ÐÌ10.3€These€testimonies€were€transmitted€to€the€State€party€on€17€February€1981.€By€note€ofÐ òB Ð5€May€1981€the€State€party,€referring€to€Mrs.€Bleier's€communications€of€31€October€1980,Ð Ø( Ðreiterated€its€position€that€it€did€not€know€the€whereabouts€of€Eduardo€Bleier.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ11.1€By€an€interim€decision€of€2€April€1981€the€Human€Rights€Committee€stated€that€beforeÐ Š Ú Ðadopting€final€views€in€the€matter,€Ð p!À  ÐÌ"the€Committee€considers€that€it€is€the€clear€duty€of€the€Government€of€Uruguay€to€make€aÐ <#Œ" Ðfull'€and€thorough€inquiry€(a)€into€the€allegations€concerning€Mr.€Bleier's€arrest€and€hisÐ "$r# Ðtreatment€while€in€detention€prior€to€26€August€1976,€and€(b)€as€to€his€apparentÐ %X $ Ðdisappearance€and€the€circumstances€in€which€a€warrant€for€his€arrest€was€issued€on€26Ð î%>!% ÐAugust€1976.€The€Committee€urges€that€this€should€be€done€without€further€delay€and€thatÐ Ô&$"& Ðthe€Committee€should€be€informed€of€the€action€taken€by€the€Government€of€Uruguay€andÐ º' #' Ðof€the€outcome€of€the€inquiry".€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ11.2€The€Committee€based€its€interim€decision€on€the€following€considerations;€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ"11.€As€to€the€merits€of€the€case,€the€Committee€had€before€it€(i)€detailed€information,Ð 8,ˆ', Ðincluding€statements€of€family€members€and€eyewitness€testimonies€of€persons€who€hadÐ -n(- Ðbeen€detained€in€Uruguayan€prisons€together€with€Eduardo€Bleier€and€who€were€laterÐ ° Ðreleased,€concerning€his€detention€and€severe€mistreatment€in€prison€and€laterÐ –æ Ð'disappearance'€and€(ii)€a€brief€categorical€denial€of€Eduardo€Bleier's€detention€by€theÐ |Ì ÐGovernment€of€Uruguay,€which,€in€the€light€of€(i),€is€totally€insufficient.€Ð b² ÐÌ"12.€The€Committee€cannot€but€give€appropriate€weight€to€the€overwhelming€informationÐ . ~ Ðsubmitted€by€the€authors€of€the€complaint.€This€information€tends€to€corroborate€the€author'sÐ  d Ðallegation€that€Eduardo€Bleier€was€arrested€at€the€end€of€October€1975€in€Montevideo,Ð ú J ÐUruguay.€His€detention€would€appear€to€be€confirmed€at€that€time€by€the€authorities€becauseÐ à 0 Ðhis€name€was€on€a€list€of€prisoners€read€out€once€a€week€at€an€army€unit€in€Montevideo;€itÐ Æ   Ðalso€appears€to€be€confirmed€by€several€fellow€prisoners€and€other€persons€who€had€seen€andÐ ¬ ü  Ðtalked€to€him€in€several€identified€detention€centres€in€Uruguay.€Also,€several€eyewitnessesÐ ’â  Ðhave€reported€that€Eduardo€Bleier€was€subjected€to€severe€torture€during€detention.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌ"13.€The€failure€of€the€State€party€to€address€in€substance€the€serious€allegations€broughtÐ D”  Ðagainst€it€and€corroborated€by€unrefuted€information,€cannot€but€lead€to€the€conclusion€thatÐ *z  ÐEduardo€Bleier€is€either€still€detained,€incommunicado,€by€the€Uruguayan€authorities€or€hasÐ ` Ðdied€while€in€custody€at€the€hands€of€the€Uruguayan€authorities."€Ð öF ÐÌ12.€By€a€note€of€14€August€1981€the€State€party€submitted€the€following€observations€on€theÐ Â ÐCommittee's€interim€decision€of€2€April€1981:€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ"the€Government€of€Uruguay€wishes€to€state€that,€in€paragraph€13€of€that€document,€theÐ tÄ ÐCommittee€displays€not€only€an€ignorance€of€legal€rules€relating€to€presumption€of€guilt,€butÐ Zª Ða€lack€of€ethics€in€carrying€out€the€tasks€entrusted€to€it,€since€it€so€rashly€arrived€at€theÐ @ Ðserious€conclusion€that€the€Uruguayan€authorities€had€put€Eduardo€Bleier€to€death.€TheÐ &v ÐCommittee,€whose€purpose€is€to€protect,€promote€and€ensure€respect€for€civil€and€politicalÐ  \ Ðrights,€should€bear€in€mind€that€this€task€should€always€be€carried€out€under€the€rule€of€lawÐ òB Ðin€accordance€with€its€mandate€and€the€universally€accepted€procedures€concerning€suchÐ Ø( Ðmatters€as€guilt€and€presumption€of€guilt."€Ð ¾ ÐÌ13.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee€cannot€accept€the€State€party's€criticism€that€it€hasÐ Š Ú Ðdisplayed€an€ignorance€of€legal€rules€and€a€lack€of€ethics€in€carrying€out€the€tasks€entrustedÐ p!À  Ðto€it€or€the€insinuation€that€it€has€failed€to€carry€out€its€task€under€the€rule€of€law.€On€theÐ V"¦! Ðcontrary,€in€accordance€with€its€mandate€under€article€5€(1)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€theÐ <#Œ" ÐCommittee€has€considered€the€communication€in€the€light€of€the€information€made€availableÐ "$r# Ðto€it€by€the€authors€of€the€communication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned.€In€this€connexionÐ %X $ Ðthe€Committee€has€adhered€strictly€to€the€principle€òòaudiatur€et€altera€pars€óóand€has€given€theÐ î%>!% ÐState€party€every€opportunity€to€furnish€information€to€refute€the€evidence€presented€by€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðauthors.€Ð º' #' ÐÌ13.2€The€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€has€ignored€the€Committee's€repeated€requestsÐ †)Ö$) Ðfor€a€thorough€inquiry€into€the€authors'€allegations.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ13.3€With€regard€to€the€burden€of€proof,€this€cannot€rest€alone€on€the€author€of€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðcommunication,€especially€considering€that€the€author€and€the€State€party€do€not€always€haveÐ -n(- Ðequal€access€to€the€evidence€and€that€frequently€the€State€party€alone€has€access€to€relevantÐ ° Ðinformation.€It€is€implicit€in€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€that€the€State€party€has€theÐ –æ Ðduty€to€investigate€in€good€faith€all€allegations€of€violation€of€the€Covenant€made€against€itÐ |Ì Ðand€its€authorities,€especially€when€such€allegations€are€corroborated€by€evidence€submittedÐ b² Ðby€the€author€of€the€communication,€and€to€furnish€to€the€Committee€the€informationÐ H˜ Ðavailable€to€it.€In€cases€where€the€author€has€submitted€to€the€Committee€allegationsÐ . ~ Ðsupported€by€substantial€witness€testimony,€as€in€this€case,€and€where€further€clarificationÐ  d Ðof€the€case€depends€on€information€exclusively€in€the€hands€of€the€State€party,€theÐ ú J ÐCommittee€may€consider€such€allegations€as€substantiated€in€the€absence€of€satisfactoryÐ à 0 Ðevidence€and€explanations€to€the€contrary€submitted€by€the€State€party.€Ð Æ   ÐÌ13.4€The€Committee€finds€that€the€disappearance€of€Eduardo€Bleier€in€October€1975€doesÐ ’â  Ðnot€alone€establish€that€he€was€arrested€by€Uruguayan€authorities.€But,€the€allegation€that€heÐ xÈ  Ðwas€so€arrested€and€detained€is€confirmed€(i)€by€the€information,€unexplained€andÐ ^®  Ðsubstantially€unrefuted€by€the€State€party,€that€Eduardo€Bleier's€name€was€on€a€list€ofÐ D”  Ðprisoners€read€out€once€a€week€at€an€army€unit€in€Montevideo€where€his€family€deliveredÐ *z  Ðclothing€for€him€and€received€his€dirty€clothing€until€the€summer€of€1976,€and€(ii)€by€theÐ ` Ðtestimony€of€other€prisoners€that€they€saw€him€in€Uruguayan€detention€centres.€Also€thereÐ öF Ðare€the€reports€of€several€eyewitnesses€that€Eduardo€Bleier€was€subjected€to€severe€tortureÐ Ü, Ðwhile€in€detention.€Ð  ÐÌ14.€It€is€therefore€the€Committee's€view€that€the€information€before€it€reveals€breaches€ofÐ ŽÞ Ðarticles€7,€9€and€10€(1)€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€and€thatÐ tÄ Ðthere€are€serious€reasons€to€believe€that€the€ultimate€violation€of€article€6€has€beenÐ Zª Ðperpetrated€by€the€Uruguayan€authorities.€Ð @ ÐÌ15.€As€regards€the€latter€point€the€Human€Rights€Committee€urges€the€UruguayanÐ  \ ÐGovernment€to€reconsider€its€position€in€this€case€and€to€take€effective€steps€(i)€to€establishÐ òB Ðwhat€has€happened€to€Eduardo€Bleier€since€October€19751€to€bring€to€justice€any€personsÐ Ø( Ðfound€to€be€responsible€for€his€death,€disappearance€or€ill„treatment;€and€to€payÐ ¾ Ðcompensation€to€him€or€his€family€for€any€injury€which€he€has€suffered;€and€(ii)€to€ensureÐ ¤ô Ðthat€similar€violations€do€not€occur€in€the€future.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌÌòòNotesóó€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌòòaóó/€€€Alcides€Lanza€Perdomo€was€one€of€the€authors€and€one€of€the€victims€of€communicationÐ %X $ ÐNo.€R.2/8.€Final€views€adopted€on€3€April€1980€(CCPR/C/DR(IX)/R.2/8).