ÿWPCƒ oQ :±6H²€[”l7Ùü»J1%4käsA+¿”+m Nw^„s+ tXÝ‘›òŠÈK@Oöu2?b¸ý{çô6™“ 0ü-G¨¼ÂH쫃F-«öq6ÂwÖÙ¢¢j‡¦)«fLFüB»‘Þã$ø$Kz+ÞÎëüì¯Uõ±©6‰“ˆ·il3'»~ß®ˆŒØimt¨#¬gyȈ4žPz„¥Nbê îç¹9A#Èø³Þ½»p<€‘ï~þæté_\wûpóôx „2ãÖn\Ð-…g†Àyr†ˆÔ¯#ìQpUGNä9Ô,)þiö †ƒ…º—F,_êoÔú¸¨ÏŒdSùÌ1zøšpsäz‰Ç¿Ö§ÏV“ÝåÝo÷ƒÅ{¤ô+üA]ÉA€™wñsˆ{E€ XÉ™sOôè·lZŸh?„) "?æÑ]¤b(DP§âë‚åœÃ+lþ†ÿøðš˜,Q»AìþŒŠÇ¬ØHÚ…£ƒ3GI+W§ EˆîB÷9 æÄîÊÜK<ÝBìíi†ÞîoÓ¼‚*§¬û¦õÉúMœY}¡¯1ºò_1½Uò^@œ`8ùIë€qŠéÓµêiäR=OÈKŠz`žWõ d;uU>z̸ 0µ„ 0<9 0Yu 0_Î 0i- 0P–Ææ 0ᬠ0( D+µ AMà - 0Æ= #Á UNÄ %M(ND^ FwR4Vj mlô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Mirta Cubas Simones v. Uruguay, Communication No. R.17/70 (31 March 1981), U.N. Doc. Supp.4981), U.N. Doc. Supp."Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2”M$££Ý ƒ6>!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XkßXXXÔÔ€XkßXXXkßÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ž6>$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XqßXXXÔÔ€XqßXXXqßÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX·~û* Äpì*0.wpX[¡ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ6>!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XkßXXXÔÔ€XkßXXXkßÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔSimonesÔ_Ô€v.€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€R.17/70Ð H˜ ÐÌ1€April€1982Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:óó€Elsa€Cubas€on€behalf€of€her€sister,€Ô_ÔMirtaÔ_Ô€Cubas€Ô_ÔSimonesÔ_ԀРxÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victim:€óóÔ_ÔMirtaÔ_Ô€Cubas€Ô_ÔSimonesÔ_ԀРD”  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:€óóUruguay€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó3€May€1980€{date€of€initial€letter)€Ð Ü, ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:€óó31€March€1981€óóÐ ¨ø ÐÌÓ  ÓÌòòThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€onÐ Zª ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð @ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€1€April€1982,€Ð  \ ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€or€communication€No.€R.17/70,€submitted€to€theÐ Ø( ÐCommittee€by€Elsa€Cubas€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilÐ ¾ Ðand€Political€Rights,€Ð ¤ô ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€Information€made€available€to€It€by€the€author€or€theÐ p!À  Ðcommunication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned,€Ð V"¦! ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð "$r# ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ Ô&$"& ÐÓ¢ÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€{initial€letter€dated€3€May€1980€and€further€submissionsÐ †)Ö$) Ðdated€14€July€and€22€December€1980)€is€a€Uruguayan€national€at€present€living€In€Canada.Ð l*¼%* Ðshe€submitted€the€communication€on€behalf€of€her€sister,€Ô_ÔMirtaÔ_Ô€Cubas€Ô_ÔSimonesÔ_Ô,€a€37„year„Ð R+¢&+ Ðold€Uruguayan€national,€alleging€that€she€is€imprisoned€in€Uruguay€without€any€justifiableÐ 8,ˆ', Ðreason.€Ð -n(- Ї2.1€The€author€states€that€Ô_ÔMirtaÔ_Ô€Cubas€Ô_ÔSimonesÔ_Ô€was€arrested€without€a€warrant€In€her€homeÐ ° Ðon€27€January€1976,€that€she€was€held€incommunicado€until€April€1976€and€that€during€thisÐ –æ Ðperiod€her€detention€was€denied€by€the€authorities€although€her€mother€and€a€sister€wereÐ |Ì Ðpresent€at€the€time€of€her€arrest.€The€author€further€states€that€in€July€1976€her€sister€wasÐ b² Ðbrought€to€trial€and€charged€with€the€offence€of€"aiding€a€conspiracy€to€violate€the€law"Ð H˜ Ðòò(Ô_ÔAsistenciaÔ_Ô€a€la€Ô_ÔasociacionÔ_Ô€para€Ô_ÔdelinquirÔ_Ô)€óóand€that€a€three„year€prison€sentence€wasÐ . ~ Ðrequested€by€the€public€prosecutor.€Upon€appeal€to€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€in€AugustÐ  d Ð1978,€she€was€charged€in€addition€'with€the€offence€of€"subversion",€and€the€publicÐ ú J Ðprosecutor€asked€for€the€sentence€to€be€increased€to€six€years.€In€November€1979€a€plea€wasÐ à 0 Ðmade€on€the€sister's€behalf€that€the€sentence€asked€for€be€reduced,€but€the€author€states€thatÐ Æ   Ðthis€plea€has€been€rejected€by€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal,€and€adds€that€no€moreÐ ¬ ü  Ðdomestic€remedies€are€available€to€her€sister€because€all€cases€concerning€political€prisonersÐ ’â  Ðare€under€military€jurisdiction.€The€author€alleges€that€her€sister€had€no€fair€and€publicÐ xÈ  Ðhearing€as€the€proceedings€have€taken€place€before€a€closed€military€tribunal€and€that€sheÐ ^®  Ðhad€no€effective€access€to€legal€assistance€as€she€had€never€been€able€to€communicate€withÐ D”  Ðher€court„appointed€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€lawyer,€Dr.€Ô_ÔPeredaÔ_Ô.€The€author€states€that€because€of€theÐ *z  Ðabsolute€inaccessibility€of€the€court€records€she€is€not€in€a€position€to€provide€more€detailedÐ ` Ðinformation€about€'the€judicial€proceedings€concerning€her€sister.€The€author€further€allegesÐ öF Ðthat€since€mid„1976€her€sister€has€been€subjected€to€severe€and€inhuman€prison€conditions,Ð Ü, Ðsuch€as€lack€of€food€and€solitary€confinement€in€small€cells€over€long€periods€of€time,€atÐ Â ÐPunta€de€Ô_ÔRielesÔ_Ô,€Montevideo.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ2.2€The€author€declares€that€the€same€matter€has€not,€to€bet€knowledge,€been€submitted€toÐ tÄ Ðanother€procedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement,€and€claims€that€her€sister€isÐ Zª Ða€victim€of€violations€of€articles€7,€9,€10,€14,€15,€17€and€19€of„the€International€Covenant€onÐ @ ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð &v ÐÌ3.€By€its€decision€of€11€July€1980,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ òB Ðtransmitted€the€communication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€to€theÐ Ø( ÐState€party€concerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€admissibilityÐ ¾ Ðof€the€communication.€Ð ¤ô ÐÌ4.€By€a€note€dated€17€October€1980,€the€State€party€objected€to€the€admissibility€of€theÐ p!À  Ðcommunication€on€the€ground€that€it€did€not€fulfil€the€requirements€of€article€5,€paragraphÐ V"¦! Ð2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.Ð <#Œ" ÐIn€this€Ô_ÔconnexionÔ_Ô,€the€State€party€asserts€that€"although€the€appeals€procedure€whichÐ "$r# Ðculminated€in€the€judgement€of€the€second€instance€pronounced€on€2€October€1979€has€beenÐ %X $ Ðcompleted,€there€still€remain€available€the€extraordinary€remedies€of€annulment€and€review,Ð î%>!% Ðas€provided€for€in€article€507€of€the€Code€of€Military€Penal€Procedure€and€Law€3,439€of€5Ð Ô&$"& ÐApril€1909,€which€have€not€been€invoked'.€The€State€party€adds:€'similarly,€Law€14,997€ofÐ º' #' Ð25€March€1980€establishes€procedures€for€requesting€early€and€conditional€release€in€casesÐ  (ð#( Ðunder€military€jurisdiction€...€the€party€concerned€has€not€so€far€petitioned€the€Supreme€CourtÐ †)Ö$) Ðof€Military€Justice€to€apply€that€law€to€her€case,€...€consequently,€all€domestic€remedies€haveÐ l*¼%* Ðnot€been€exhausted".€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ5.€On€22€December€1980,€the€author€forwarded€her€comments€in€reply€to€the€State€party'sÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ôsubmission€of€17€October€1980.€She€claims€therein€that€the€remedies€provided€for€by€the€lawÐ ° Ðand€the€various€actions€to€be€taken€before€the€Supreme€Court€of€Military€Justice€availableÐ –æ Ðunder€the€law,€referred€to€by€the€State€party,€even€if€they€exist,€have€not€been€brought€to€herÐ |Ì Ðsister's€attention€by€her€military€defence€counsel,€which€indicates€that€the€officiallyÐ b² Ðappointed€defence€counsel€has€failed€in€his€duty.€She€points€out€that€her€sister€does€not€haveÐ H˜ Ðfreedom€of€action,€that€she€does€not€know€the€law€governing€her€case€and€that€she€is€triedÐ . ~ Ð'under€the€military€legal€system€to€which€the€defence€counsel€belongs.€The€author€furtherÐ  d Ðchallenges€the€validity€of€the€'remedies'€referred€to€by€the€State€party€on€the€ground€that€theÐ ú J Ðclimate€of€terror,€the€harsh€and€inhuman€treatment€to€which€her€sister€is€subjected€in€prisonÐ à 0 Ðand€the€lack€of€support€from€her€defence€counsel€make€it€impossible€for€her€to€take€actionÐ Æ   Ðin€her€own€defence.€The€author€therefore€concludes€that€the€proceedings€in€her€sister's€caseÐ ¬ ü  Ðcannot€be€assessed€according€to€what€is€applicable€in€a€normal€case€("òòno€puede€jugarse€conÐ ’â  Ðla€formalidad€de€un€caso€normalóó").€Ð xÈ  ÐÌ6.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee€noted€the€State€party's€assertion€that€there€were€furtherÐ D”  Ðremedies€available€to€Mirta€Cubas€Simones.€The€State€party,€however,€did€not€adduce€anyÐ *z  Ðgrounds€to€show€that€the€remedies€which€in€other€cases€have€been€described€as€beingÐ ` Ðexceptional€in€character,€should€be€pursued€in€the€present€case.€On€the€contrary,€theÐ öF ÐCommittee€noted€that€the€officially€appointed€defence€counsel€had€not€invoked€them€onÐ Ü, Ðbehalf€of€Mirta€Cubas€Simones€although€more€than€a€year€had€passed€since€the€SupremeÐ Â ÐMilitary€Court€rendered€judgement€against€her.€They€could€not€therefore€be€regarded€asÐ ¨ø Ðhaving,€in€effect,€been€"available"€within€the€meaning€of€article€5€(2)€(b)€of€the€OptionalÐ ŽÞ ÐProtocol.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ6.2€In€the€circumstances,€the€Committee€was€unable€to€conclude,€on€the€basis€of€theÐ @ Ðinformation€submitted€by€the€State€party,€that€the€communication€was€inadmissible€underÐ &v Ðarticle€5€(2)€(b).€Ð  \ ÐÌ6.3€In€its€submission€dated€17€October€1980€the€State€party€did€not€contest€the€author'sÐ Ø( Ðassertion€that€the€same€matter€had€not€been€submitted€to€any€other€international€body.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ6.4€Consequently,€the€Committee€found€that€it€was€not€precluded€by€article€5€(2)€(a)€of€theÐ Š Ú ÐOptional€Protocol€from€considering€the€communication.€Ð p!À  ÐÌ7.On€31€March€1981,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decided:€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌ(a)€That€the€communication€was€admissible;€Ð %X $ ÐÌ(b)€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€should€beÐ Ô&$"& Ðrequested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€itÐ º' #' Ðof€this€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€ifÐ  (ð#( Ðany,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it;€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ(c)€That€the€State€party€should€be€informed€that€the€written€explanations€or€statementsÐ R+¢&+ Ðsubmitted€by€it€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€must€relate€primarily€to€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðsubstance€of€the€matter€under€consideration.€The€Committee€stressed€that€in€order€to€performÐ -n(- Ðits€responsibilities,€it€required€specific€responses€to€the€allegations€which€had€been€made€byÐ ° Ðthe€author€of€the€communication,€and€the€State€party's€explanations€of€the€actions€taken€byÐ –æ Ðit.€The€State€party€was€requested€in€this€connexion,€to€enclose€copies€of€any€court€orders€orÐ |Ì Ðdecisions€of€relevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration.€Ð b² ÐÌ8.€By€a€note€dated€15€October€1981,€the€State€party€submitted€the€following€explanationsÐ . ~ Ðunder€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol:€Ð  d ÐÌ"It€(the€Government€of€Uruguay)€rejects€the€libellous€assertions€in€the€communication,Ð à 0 Ðregarding€'the€climate€of€terror'€and€'the€harsh€and€inhuman€treatment'€to€which€Miss€MirtaÐ Æ   ÐCubas€was€said€to€be€subjected~€it€is€also€incorrect€to€state€that€the€case€of€the€above„Ð ¬ ü  Ðmentioned€detainee€'cannot€be€assessed€according€to€what€is€applicable€in€a€normal€case'€òò('noÐ ’â  Ðpuede€jugarse€con€la€formalidad€de€un€caso€normal').€óóThe€proceedings€were€conducted€withÐ xÈ  Ðall€the€guarantees€required€in€the€relevant€legislation.€The€reason€why€the€application€to€theÐ ^®  ÐSupreme€Court€of€Military€Justice€for€a€reduction€of€her€sentence€was€rejected€was€simplyÐ D”  Ðthe€nature€of€the€offences€committed€and€the€fact€that€they€were€duly€proved.€Ð *z  ÐÌ"The€Government€or€Uruguay€also€wishes€to€state€that,€on€?€August€1981,€an€application€forÐ öF Ðconditional€release€rot€Miss€Mirta€Cubas€was€submitted€to€the€Supreme€Court€of€MilitaryÐ Ü, ÐJustice.€The€application€is€being€considered€by€the€Court."€Ð  ÐÌ9.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€notes€the€State€party's€observation€that€an€application€rotÐ ŽÞ Ðconditional€release€for€Mirta€Cubas€Simones€has€Dean€submitted€to€the€Supreme€Court€ofÐ tÄ ÐMilitary€Justice.€This€is€not,€of€course,€a€remedy€within€the€meaning€of€article€5€(2)€(b)€ofÐ Zª Ðthe€Optional€Protocol€concerning€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies€in€regard.€to€theÐ @ Ðviolations€or€the€Covenant€complained€or.€Nevertheless,€her€release€would€constitute€anÐ &v Ðimportant€step€towards€alleviating€her€situation.€Ð  \ ÐÌ10.€The€Committee€has€considered€the€present€communication€,n€the€light€or€all€informationÐ Ø( Ðmade€available€to€it€by€the€parties,€as€provided€,n€article€5€(1)€oz€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ11.1€The€Committee€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts€which€nave€either€beenÐ Š Ú Ðconfirmed€by€the€State€party€or€are€uncontested,€except€for€denials€or€a€general€characterÐ p!À  Ðoffering€no€particular€information€or€explanation:€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ11.2€Mirta€Cubas€Simones€was€arrested€on€27€January€l976,€without€any€warrant€rot€herÐ "$r# Ðarrest,€in€her€family's€home,€in€the€presence€of€her€mother€and€nor€sister.€For€the€subsequentÐ %X $ Ðthree€months€she€was€held€incommunicado€at€an€unknown€place.€During€this€time€theÐ î%>!% ÐUruguayan€authorities€denied€her€detention.€In€July€1976,€rive€months€a~ter€her€arrest,€MirtaÐ Ô&$"& ÐCubas€Simones€was€brought€to€trial€and€charged€with€the€offence€of€"aiding€a€conspiracy€toÐ º' #' Ðviolate€the€law"€òò(asistencia€a€la€asociacion€para€delinquir)€óóand€a€three„year€prison€sentenceÐ  (ð#( Ðwas€requested€by€the€public€prosecutor.€Upon€appeal€to€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€inÐ †)Ö$) ÐAugust€1978,€she€was€charged€in€addition€with€the€offence€of€"subversion",€and€the€publicÐ l*¼%* Ðprosecutor€asked€for€the€sentence€to€be€increased€to€six€years.€Judgement€was€pronouncedÐ R+¢&+ Ðon€2€October€1979.€In€November€1979€a€plea€was€made€on€her€behalf€that€the€sentence€beÐ 8,ˆ', Ðreduced.€This€plea€was€rejected€by€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal.€Mirta€Cubas€Simones€wasÐ -n(- Ðtried€òòin€camera,€óóthe€trial€was€conducted€without€her€presence€and€the€judgement€was€notÐ ° Ðrendered€in€public.€She€was€assigned€a€court„appointed€military€defence€counsel€whom€sheÐ –æ Ðwas€unable€to€consult.€The€Committee€further€notes€that€the€State€party€did€not€comply€withÐ |Ì Ðthe€Committee's€request€to€enclose€copies€of€any€court€order€or€decisions€of€relevance€to€theÐ b² Ðmatter€under€consideration.€For€all€these€reasons€the€Committee€Is€unable€to€accept€thatÐ H˜ ÐMirta€Cubas€Simones€had€a€fair€trial.€In€addition,€since€1978€Mirta€Cubas€Simones€has€beenÐ . ~ Ðsubjected€to€continuously€harsh€prison€conditions.€Ð  d ÐÌ12.€Accordingly,€the€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5€(4}€of€the€OptionalÐ à 0 ÐProtocol,€is€of€the€view€that€the€facts€as€found€by€it,€in€so€far€as€they€occurred€after€23€MarchÐ Æ   Ð1976€(the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€entered€into€force€in€respect€of€Uruguay),€disclose€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðfollowing€violations€of€the€Covenant,€in€particular:€Ð ’â  ÐÌof€article€10€(1),€because€Mirta€Cubas€Simones€was€held€incommunicado€for€three€monthsÐ ^®  Ðand€during€this€period€the€authorities€wrongfully€denied€that€she€was€detained;€Ð D”  ÐÌof€article€14€(1),€because€she€did€not€have€a€fair€and€public€hearing;€Ð ` ÐÌof€article€14€(3)€(b),€because€she€was€unable€to€communicate€with€her€court„appointedÐ Ü, Ðdefence€lawyer€and€therefore€did€not€have€adequate€facilities€for€the€preparation€of€herÐ Â Ðdefence;€Ð ¨ø ÐÌof€article€14€(3)€(d)€,€because€she€was€not€tried€in€her€presence.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ13.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligationÐ @ Ðto€provide€the€victim€with€effective€remedies,€including€compensation,€for€the€violations€sheÐ &v Ðhas€suffered€and€to€take€steps€to€ensure€that€similar€violations€do€not€occur€in€the€future.€