ÿWPCå £xo±óšºõ±·ïá®ÈíÝYG*‘šújCÔ±mœ^‡h´£BÜoæ§è{ÆWÇü‹¦X ݤŽ+7)ô„²CŽ÷?M«2›wd»ÿ•jU¿úH‡¸Ž5qÇ$fY’,‚Ú÷A·ý6ÎÆ9 I}³9‹Ûø›˜ä§†$¯Ô?™Ø_‹AÅ¡G®!R_p{4'È&Ýò–:ôWˆÕ韺£'JavJxÑÈ8 $ÆOè×PG‚CÁüÅŒ~[µ£ÚÀf´e¹º¨yTîv£m¸¿V׫šÚÞ$µ–3u»‰dcY¤oŽ0þ¼Œ!$hü® yGˆ ’þ²Ð$€Šþº™9,±‹Â© ÞÎeÛß)¡P›KE¼2ƒefËxm1kŸúŸÂ'Uì<'±[Á‰õ1ÞÆ"ŠT¨õ°NK’‚ˆ³hˆTˆóÄCØ9ƒÅïä­"y¨=dõ 599¬ŽòqRYVàkW¼è#¿±ñõò'–±¼Êþ†&¦‚¸Q8 ô’7Š'q7¶úë·æ­­þÈýïo68|Î c¯ñ¯8 ´—ayþõZ<¬¶URŠfû¼¯#ˆ`›RMc³dDÓÌþh©39PaXXߥ r®EÔ4uæ¿R[…)ŸùU>ˆÌÆ 0µ’ 0<G 0Yƒ 0_Ü 0i; 0P¤ 0TôÆH 0á 0(ï D+ AMB  0ÆŸ #Áe UN& %tMz(~N¦^ ¨w´4¸Ì mÎô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Elena Beatriz Vasilskis v. Uruguay, Communication No. 80/1980 (3 November 1980), U.N. Doc.4mber 1980), U.N. Doc."Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô4ÿÿ2EmphasisòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2RQ$££Ý ƒÖQ!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X·WXXXÔÔ€X·WXXX·WÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(žÖQ$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X¾3XXXÔÔ€X¾3XXX¾3ÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXS…û* Äpì*ê:i¢Ø+00ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒÖQ!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X·WXXXÔÔ€X·WXXX·WÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔVasilskisÔ_Ô€v.€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€80/1980Ð H˜ ÐÌ31€March€1983Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:€óóSergio€Ô_ÔVasilskisÔ_Ô,€on€behalf€of€his€sister,€Elena€Ô_ÔBeatrizÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔVasilskisÔ_ԀРxÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victim:€óóElena€Ô_ÔBeatrizÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔVasilskisÔ_ԀРD”  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:€óóUruguay€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó3€November€1980€(date€of€initial€letter)€Ð Ü, ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:€óó25€March€1982óó€Ð ¨ø ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ Zª Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,Ð @ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€31€March€1983,€Ð  \ ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€80/1980,€initially€submitted€byÐ Ø( ÐSergio€Ô_ÔVasilskisÔ_Ô€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€andÐ ¾ ÐPolitical€Rights,€Ð ¤ô ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theÐ p!À  Ðcommunication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned,€Ð V"¦! ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð "$r# ÐÌÌÓùÓòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ Ô&$"& ÐÓÓÓÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€3€November€1980€and€furtherÐ †)Ö$) Ðsubmissions€dated€25€February€and€28€November€1981€and€21€January€1983)€is€a€UruguayanÐ l*¼%* Ðnational,€residing€at€present€in€France.€He€submitted€the€communication€on€behalf€of€hisÐ R+¢&+ Ðsister,€Elena€Ô_ÔBeatrizÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔVasilskisÔ_Ô,€a€29„year„old€Uruguayan€student€at€present€imprisoned€inÐ 8,ˆ', ÐUruguay.€Ð -n(- Ї2.1€The€author€states€that€Elena€Ô_ÔBeatrizÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔVasilskisÔ_Ô€was€arrested€on€4€June€1972,€on€the€chargeÐ ° Ðof€being€a€member€of€a€clandestine€group€which€was€engaging€in€armed€struggle€as€a€formÐ –æ Ðof€political€action€(the€òòÔ_ÔTupamarosÔ_Ô€óóNational€Liberation€Movement).€At€this€time€she€wasÐ |Ì Ðallegedly€tortured€and€forced€to€sign€a€confession€which€led€to€her€conviction€by€a€militaryÐ b² Ðtribunal€of€the€first€instance.€The€author€claims€that,€in€so€far€as€the€confession€was€illegallyÐ H˜ Ðobtained€and€she€is€still€suffering€imprisonment,€this€violation€of€her€rights€has€continuedÐ . ~ Ðafter€23€March€1976,€the€date€of€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Optional€Protocol€for€Uruguay.€Ð  d ÐÌ2.2€Elena€Ô_ÔBeatrizÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔVasilskisÔ_Ô€was€allegedly€held€incommunicado€for€three€months,€whereasÐ à 0 ÐUruguayan€law€only€permits€detention€for€24€hours€prior€to€being€brought€before€a€judge.Ð Æ   ÐHer€case€was€not€submitted€to€the€military€courts€until€September€1972,€whereas€theÐ ¬ ü  ÐConstitution€and€the€Code€of€Military€Criminal€Procedure€prescribe€a€maximum€interveningÐ ’â  Ðperiod€of€48€hours.€In€the€first€months€after€her€arrest€she€had€no€legal€assistance.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌ2.3€The€author€bases€his€statements€on€the€testimony€of€ex„prisoners€who€were€in€the€sameÐ D”  Ðprison€as€his€sister,€who€are€now€in€Europe€as€refugees,€and€who€allegedly€witnessed€theÐ *z  Ðtorture€and€maltreatment€in€prison€at€first€hand€and€are€prepared€to€testify€to€it,€if€necessary,Ð ` Ðbefore€the€Human€Rights€Committee.€Furthermore,€the€author€states€that€throughout€theÐ öF Ðthree€months€when€she€was€held€incommunicado,€their€father€went€without€fail€once€a€weekÐ Ü, Ðto€bring€clean€clothing€and€collect€her€laundry;€this€was€done€at€a€centralized€military€office,Ð Â Ðsince€his€sister's€exact€whereabouts€were€not€known.€During€that€time€their€father€was€givenÐ ¨ø Ðparcels€of€clothing€stained€with€blood,€excrement€and€hanks€of€hair.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ2.4€Judgement€was€pronounced€by€the€court€of€first€instance€on€14€December€1977.€She€wasÐ Zª Ðsentenced€to€28€years€of€rigorous€imprisonment€and€9€to€12€years€of€precautionary€detention,Ð @ Ðto€be€added€to€her€sentence€and€served€in€the€same€prison,€for€offences€against€theÐ &v ÐConstitution,€robbery,€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô,€complicity€in€murder€and€criminal€conspiracy.€The€trial,Ð  \ Ðon€appeal,€which€took€place€in€May€1980€allegedly€violated€Uruguayan€law€by€raising€theÐ òB Ðsentence€from€the€18€years€demanded€by€the€prosecutor€to€30€years€and€5€to€10€additionalÐ Ø( Ðyears€of€precautionary€detention€òò(Ô_ÔmedidasÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔeliminativasÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔseguridadÔ_Ô).óó€Ð ¾ ÐÌ2.5€At€neither€trial,€the€author€claims,€did€his€sister€enjoy€an€adequate€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô.€Her€firstÐ Š Ú Ðattorney,€Dr.€Carlos€Martinez€Moreno,€allegedly€had€to€flee€the€country€to€avoid€his€ownÐ p!À  Ðarrest;€her€second€attorney,€Dr.€Adela€Ô_ÔRetaÔ_Ô,€was€a€law€professor€who,€in€view€of€the€politicalÐ V"¦! Ðclimate,€was€allegedly€forced€to€abandon€all€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€work€in€political€matters.€Subsequently,Ð <#Œ" Ðthe€Military€Court€appointed€Colonel€Otto€Ô_ÔGilomenÔ_Ô€as€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€counsel,€although€he€was€notÐ "$r# Ða€lawyer,€owing€to€the€fact€that€lawyers€for€the€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€can€hardly€be€found€in€political€casesÐ %X $ Ðin€Uruguay.€The€colonel€remained€on€the€case€until€the€final€judgement.€The€trial€took€placeÐ î%>!% Ðin€secrecy€and€not€even€the€closest€relatives€of€the€accused€were€present.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ2.6€With€respect€to€the€conditions€of€her€imprisonment,€the€author€states€that€his€sister€isÐ  (ð#( Ðinterned€at€the€EMR€No.€2€òò(Penal€Punta€de€Ô_ÔRielesÔ_Ô),€óówhich€is€used€exclusively€for€theÐ †)Ö$) Ðdetention€of€women€political€prisoners€and€is€not€administered€by€special€personnelÐ l*¼%* Ðinstructed€in€the€treatment€of€women€prisoners,€but€by€'military€personnel€on€shortÐ R+¢&+ Ðassignment.€She€occupies€a€cell€with€14€other€women€prisoners.€If€she€fails€to€perform€herÐ 8,ˆ', Ðtasks€she€is€allegedly€punished€by€solitary€confinement€for€up€to€three€months€and€byÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ôprohibition€of€visits,€denial€of€cigarettes,€etc.€Visits€may€occur€every€15€days€and€last€onlyÐ ° Ðhalf€an€hour.€The€only€persons€authorized€to€visit€her€are€close€relatives,€but€no€'unrelatedÐ –æ Ðfriends€are€allowed.€The€author€claims€that€the€worst€part€of€his€sister's€imprisonment€is€theÐ |Ì Ðarbitrariness€of€the€guards€and€the€severity€of€the€punishment€for,€òòinter€alia,€óóreporting€to€herÐ b² Ðrelatives€on€prison€conditions€or€speaking€with€other€inmates€at€certain€times.€The€inmatesÐ H˜ Ðallegedly€live€in€a€state€of€constant€fear€of€being€again€submitted€to€military€interrogationÐ . ~ Ðin€connection€with€their€prior€convictions€or€with€alleged€political€activities€in€the€prison.Ð  d ÐThe€author€alleges€that€the€penitentiary€system€is€not€aimed€at€reformation€and€socialÐ ú J Ðrehabilitation€of€prisoners€but€at€the€destruction€of€their€will€to€resist.€They€are€given€aÐ à 0 Ðnumber€and€are€never€called€by€their€name.€Elena€Beatriz€Vasilskis€is€No.€433€of€Sector€B.Ð Æ   ÐPsychological€pressures€on€the€inmates€are€allegedly€designed€to€lead€them€to€denounceÐ ¬ ü  Ðother€inmates.€Ð ’â  ÐÌ2.7€With€respect€to€the€state€of€health€of€his€sister,€the€author€states€that€she€was€in€excellentÐ ^®  Ðphysical€health€at€the€time€of€her€arrest.€He€claims€that€as€a€direct€consequence€of€torture€andÐ D”  Ðeight€years'€imprisonment€(at€the€time€of€writing€on€7€November€1980)€she€had€diminishedÐ *z  Ðvision€in€both€eyes€and€has€lost€40€per€cent€of€the€hearing€in€her€left€ear.€He€states€that€sheÐ ` Ðalso€suffers€from€Raynaud's€disease,€which€may€have€been€brought€about€by€prolongedÐ öF Ðdetention€in€a€cold€cell€and€by€emotional€pressure.€Medicines€sent€to€her€for€the€relief€of€herÐ Ü, Ðcondition€were€allegedly€never€delivered.€The€loss€of€hearing€was€established€by€a€doctorÐ Â Ðat€the€Military€Hospital€between€October€and€November€1979.€Raynaud's€disease€wasÐ ¨ø Ðdiagnosed€by€the€cardio„vascular€specialist€at€the€military€hospital€in€October€1979.Ð ŽÞ ÐMoreover,€the€food€provided€and€the€conditions€of€imprisonment€are€such€that€his€sister€hasÐ tÄ Ðbecome€extremely€thin,€has€retracted€gums€and€many€cavities€in€her€teeth.€This€is€allegedlyÐ Zª Ðdue€to€an€unbalanced€diet,€deficient€in€protein€and€vitamins,€and€to€the€almost€complete€lackÐ @ Ðof€exercise€throughout€the€day,€the€intense€cold€(prisoners€are€forced€to€take€cold€baths€inÐ &v Ðthe€dead€of€winter)€and€the€total€absence€of€natural€light€in€the€cells.€Ð  \ ÐÌ2.8€The€author€states€that€the€same€matter€has€not€been€submitted€to€any€other€internationalÐ Ø( Ðbody.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ2.9€The€author€alleges€that€the€following€articles€of€the€Covenant€have€been€violated,€articlesÐ Š Ú Ð2,€7,€10€and€14.€Ð p!À  ÐÌ3.€By€its€decision€of€19€March€1981,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ <#Œ" Ðdecided€that€the€author€was€justified€in€acting€on€behalf€of€the€alleged€victim€and€transmittedÐ "$r# Ðthe€communication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€to€the€State€partyÐ %X $ Ðconcerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€.relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibilityÐ î%>!% Ðof€the€communication.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ4.€In€its€submission€of€6€October€1981,€the€State€party€objected€to€the€admissibility€of€theÐ  (ð#( Ðcommunication€on€the€following€grounds,€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ"The€situation€described€in€the€communication€does€not€constitute€a€violation€occurringÐ R+¢&+ Ðbefore€the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€entered€into€force€andÐ 8,ˆ', Ðcontinuing€after€that€date€or€having€effects€which€in€themselves€constitute€a€violation.€MissÐ -n(- ÐVasilskis€was€convicted€of€serious€offences€under€Uruguayan€criminal€law.€She€is€not€aÐ ° Ðpolitical€prisoner,€as€is€incorrectly€stated€in€the€communication,€nor€was€she€in€any€wayÐ –æ Ðinduced€to€confess€her€guilt.€The€living€conditions€in€Military€Detention€EstablishmentÐ |Ì Ð(EMR)€No.€2€are€those€normally€prevailing€for€all€female€prisoners,€that€is€to€say,€she€is€notÐ b² Ðsubject€to€the€slightest€discriminatory€treatment€and€it€is€completely€untrue€to€state€that€sheÐ H˜ Ðreceives€unsufficient€food€or€is€subject€to€ill„treatment.€With€regard€to€her€state€of€health,€sheÐ . ~ Ðsuffers€from€Raynaud's€disease€and€is€receiving€the€necessary€medical€treatments€her€presentÐ  d Ðcondition€can€be€described€as€compensated.€The€Government€of€Uruguay€therefore€rejectsÐ ú J Ðthe€assertions€in€the€communication,€which€refer€to€non„existent€violations€of€human€rights."€Ð à 0 ÐÌ5.1€On€28€November€1981,€the€author€forwarded€his€comments€in€reply€to€the€State€party'sÐ ¬ ü  Ðsubmission€of€6€October€1981.€He€reiterates€the€allegations€made€in€his€previousÐ ’â  Ðcommunications€with€respect€to€violations€of€articles€7€and€10€of€the€Covenant€emphasizingÐ xÈ  Ðthat€his€sister€has€been€imprisoned€for€nine€and€a€half€years,€alleging€that€she€is€stillÐ ^®  Ðsubjected€to€cruel€and€degrading€treatment€such€as€endangers€her€life.€He€states€further€thatÐ D”  Ðduring€an€inspection€of€her€cell€in€October€1981,€all€reading€material€was€taken€away€fromÐ *z  Ðher€as€well€as€all€materials€for€manual€labour€which€she€had€hitherto€had.€Since€SeptemberÐ ` Ð1981,€family€photographs€sent€to€her€by€her€parents€allegedly€have€not€been€delivered€to€her.Ð öF ÐHe€rejects€the€State€party's€contention€that€his€sister's€situation€does€not€constitute€a€violationÐ Ü, Ðof€her€rights€subsequent€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð  ÐÌ5.2€With€respect€to€his€allegation€of€discrimination,€he€indicates€that€he€meansÐ ŽÞ Ðdiscrimination€with€regard€to€political€prisoners€vis„a„vis€common€criminals,€commentingÐ tÄ Ðthat€the€former€are€subjected€to€worse€treatment€than€the€latter,€and€alleging€in€thisÐ Zª Ðconnection€violations€of€articles€2€and€26€of€the€Covenant.€Ð @ ÐÌ5.3€With€respect€to€his€sister's€state€of€health,€the€author€deplores€that€the€State€party€has€notÐ  \ Ðsubmitted€any€medical€report.€Ð òB ÐÌ6.1€With€regard€to€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€Human€RightsÐ ¾ ÐCommittee€noted€that€the€author's€assertion€that€the€same€matter€was€not€being€examinedÐ ¤ô Ðunder€another€procedure€of€investigation€or€settlement€had€not€been€contested€by€the€StateÐ Š Ú Ðparty.€Ð p!À  ÐÌ6.2€With€regard€to€the€exhaustion€of€local€remedies,€the€Committee€was€unable€to€conclude,Ð <#Œ" Ðon€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it,€that€there€were€remedies€available€to€the€allegedÐ "$r# Ðvictim€which€she€should€have€pursued.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€found€that€theÐ %X $ Ðcommunication€was€not€inadmissible€under€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b)€of€the€OptionalÐ î%>!% ÐProtocol.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ6.3€On€25€March€1982,€the€Committee€decided:€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ(a)€That€the€communication€was€admissible€in€so€far€as€it€related€to€events€said€to€haveÐ l*¼%* Ðoccurred€on€or€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€of€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant€and€theÐ R+¢&+ ÐOptional€Protocol€for€Uruguay);€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ð(b)€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€partyÐ ° Ðshould€be€requested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€theÐ –æ Ðtransmittal€to€it€of€this€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matters€thatÐ |Ì Ðthe€State€party€be€requested€in€this€connection€to€enclose;€(i)€copies€of€any€court€orders€orÐ b² Ðdecisions€relevant€to€this€case,€including€the€decision€of€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal,Ð H˜ Ðreferred€to€in€the€communications€and€(ii)€further€information€concerning€the€state€'of€healthÐ . ~ Ðof€Elena€Beatriz€Vasilskis,€including€copies€of€the€existing€medical€reports€referred€to€in€theÐ  d Ðcommunication.€Ð ú J ÐÌ7.1€In€its€submission€under€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€dated€27€OctoberÐ Æ   Ð1982,€the€State€party€rejected€the€author's€allegations€that€his€sister€was€subjected€to€tortureÐ ¬ ü  Ðand€ill„treatment€and€that€her€conviction€was€based€on€a€forced€confession,€asserting€that€herÐ ’â  Ðconfession€was€obtained€without€coercion€and€that€her€conviction€rested€on€other€evidenceÐ xÈ  Ðduly€confirmed€by€means€of€proper€procedures€which€according€to€Uruguayan€law€do€notÐ ^®  Ðentail€public€trial€by€jury.€With€respect€to€the€delay€in€commencing€her€trial,€the€State€partyÐ D”  Ðreferred€to€the€extraordinary€load€placed€on€the€Uruguayan€judicial€system€by€the€numerousÐ *z  Ðproceedings€during€the€period€of€high€seditious€activity.€Defence€lawyers€were€notÐ ` Ðpersecuted€and€those€who€left€the€country€frequently€did€so€because€of€their€links€withÐ öF Ðsubversive€groups.€The€increase€of€Miss€Vasilskis'€sentences€was€attributable€to€theÐ Ü, Ðemergence€of€fresh€evidence€which€made€the€type€of€offence€more€serious.€Ð  ÐÌ7.2€The€State€party€also€rejects€the€author's€description€of€Miss€Vasilskis€as€a€"politicalÐ ŽÞ Ðprisoner",€emphasizing€that€she€was€involved€in€crimes€such€as€murder,€kidnapping€andÐ tÄ Ðrobbery.€Ð Zª ÐÌ7.3€With€regard€to€her€state€of€health,€the€State€party€indicates€that€she€is€submitted€toÐ &v Ðperiodical€medical€and€dental€examinations€and€that€she€receives€special€medical€care€whereÐ  \ Ðnecessary,€including€treatment€for€Raynaud's€disease.€Ð òB ÐÌ7.4€Prison€conditions€are€responsive€to€sociological€and€psychological€studies€intended€toÐ ¾ Ðfacilitate€the€rehabilitation€of€the€prisoners,€who€are€not€subjected€to€a€climate€ofÐ ¤ô Ðarbitrariness€or€to€forced€labour.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ8.1€In€a€further€letter€dated€21€January€1983,€the€author€refers€to€the€State€party's€submissionÐ V"¦! Ðunder€article€4,€paragraph€2,€and€claims€that€it€does€not€adequately€answer€the€specificÐ <#Œ" Ðcomplaints€of€violations€raised€in€his€communication,€which€the€State€party€simply€rejectsÐ "$r# Ðwithout€giving€any€explanation.€He€reiterates€that€his€sister€was€tortured,€forced€to€confess,Ð %X $ Ðkept€incommunicado,€that€her€trial€was€unduly€delayed,€that€defence€attorneys€have€been€soÐ î%>!% Ðintimated€by€the€Uruguayan€authorities€that€they€are€no€longer€willing€to€defend€persons€likeÐ Ô&$"& ÐMiss€Vasilskis.€Ð º' #' ÐÌ8.2€With€respect€to€her€state€of€health,€the€author€indicated€that€the€State€party€has€failed€toÐ †)Ö$) Ðidenfity€the€medication€given€to€Miss€Vasilskis€and€complains€that€medication€prescribedÐ l*¼%* Ðfor€her€by€French€doctors€and€forwarded€to€her€were€not€allowed€by€prison€authorities.€InÐ R+¢&+ Ðsubstantiation€of€his€allegations€that€prison€conditions€are€such€as€to€cause€a€worsening€ofÐ 8,ˆ', Ðher€state€of€health,€the€author€quotes€a€long€statement€by€Renata€Gil,€a€former€cell„mate€ofÐ -n(- ÐMiss€Vasilskis,€according€to€which€the€prisoners€are€deprived€of€natural€light€and€fresh€airÐ ° Ðexcept€during€one€hour€per€day,€and€all€windows€have€been€covered€with€plastic€sheets.€Ð –æ ÐÌ8.3€With€respect€to€the€treatment€of€prisoners€at€òòPunta€de€Rieles,€óóthe€author€refers€to€theÐ b² Ðsanctions€imposed€on€some€of€them€following€the€visit€there€in€January€1982€of€Mr.€RivasÐ H˜ ÐPosada,€Special€Representative€of€the€Secretary„General€of€the€United€Nations.€AccordingÐ . ~ Ðto€Mrs.€Zdenka€Starke,€the€mother€of€one€of€the€prisoners€there,€many€of€the€prisoners€wereÐ  d Ðbeaten€up€with€clubs,€items€of€their€personal€property€were€confiscated,€and€their€food€wasÐ ú J Ðthrown€on€the€floor€of€the€cells.€Such€punishment€was€inflicted€because€the€prisoners€hadÐ à 0 Ðmade€declarations€to€Mr.€Rivas€Posada.€Ð Æ   ÐÌ9.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€having€examined€the€present€communication€in€the€lightÐ ’â  Ðof€all€the€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties€as€provided€in€article€5,€paragraphÐ xÈ  Ð1,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€hereby€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts,€whichÐ ^®  Ðhave€not€been€contradicted€by€the€State€party.€Ð D”  ÐÌ9.2€òòEvents€prior€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant;€óóElena€Beatriz€Vasilskis€was€arrestedÐ ` Ðon€4€June€1972€on€the€charge€of€being€a€member€of€the€òòTupamaros€óóNational€LiberationÐ öF ÐMovement.€She€was€held€incommunicado€for€three€months€and€her€case€was€not€submittedÐ Ü, Ðto€the€military€courts€until€September€1972.€Ð  ÐÌ9.3€òòEvents€subsequent€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant;€óóJudgement€was€pronouncedÐ ŽÞ Ðby€the€court€of€first€instance€on€14€December€1977.€She€was€sentenced€to€28€years€ofÐ tÄ Ðrigorous€imprisonment€and€9€to€12€years€of€precautionary€detention.€The€trial€on€appeal€tookÐ Zª Ðplace€in€May€1980€and€the€sentence€was€raised€to€30€years€and€5€to€10€additional€years€ofÐ @ Ðprecautionary€detention€òò(medidas€eliminatives€de€seguridad).€óóThe€Military€Court€appointedÐ &v ÐColonel€Otto€Gilomen€as€defence€counsel,€although€he€was€not€a€lawyer.€The€trial€took€placeÐ  \ Ðin€secrecy€and€not€even€the€closest€relatives€of€the€accused€were€present.€Ð òB ÐÌ10.1€In€formulating€its€views,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€also€takes€into€account€theÐ ¾ Ðfollowing€considerations,€which€reflect€a€failure€by€the€State€party€to€furnish€the€informationÐ ¤ô Ðand€clarifications€necessary€for€the€Committee€to€formulate€final€views€on€a€number€ofÐ Š Ú Ðimportant€issues.€Ð p!À  ÐÌ10.2€In€operative€paragraph€2€of€its€decision€of€25€March€1982,€the€Committee€requested€theÐ <#Œ" ÐState€party€to€enclose:€(a)€copies€of€any€court€orders€or€decisions€relevant€to€the€case,€andÐ "$r# Ð(b)€further€information€concerning€the€state€of€health€of€Elena€Beatriz€Vasilskis,€includingÐ %X $ Ðcopies€of€the€existing€medical€reports.€The€Committee€notes€with€regret€that€it€has€notÐ î%>!% Ðreceived€any€of€these€documents.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ10.3€With€respect€to€the€state€of€health€of€the€alleged€victim,€the€Committee€finds€that€theÐ  (ð#( Ðauthor's€precise€allegations,€which€include€allegations€that€her€treatment€in€prison€hasÐ †)Ö$) Ðcontributed€to€her€ill„health,€called€for€more€detailed€submissions€from€the€State€party.€WithÐ l*¼%* Ðregard€to€general€prison€conditions,€the€State€party€has€made€no€attempt€to€give€a€detailedÐ R+¢&+ Ðdescription€of€what€it€believes€the€real€situation€to€be.€Similarly,€with€respect€to€generalÐ 8,ˆ', Ðprison€conditions€and€the€serious€allegations€of€ill„treatment€made€by€the€author,€the€StateÐ -n(- Ðparty€has€adduced€no€evidence€that€these€allegations€have€been€adequately€investigated.€AÐ ° Ðrefutation€of€these€allegations€in€general€terms,€as€contained€in€the€State€party's€submissions,Ð –æ Ðis€not€sufficient.€Ð |Ì ÐÌ10.4€With€regard€to€the€burden€of€proof,€the€Committee€has€already€established€in€its€viewsÐ H˜ Ðin€other€cases€(e.g.,€R.7/30)€that€said€burden€cannot€rest€alone€on€the"€author€of€theÐ . ~ Ðcommunication,€especially€considering€that€the€author€and€the€State€party€do€not€always€haveÐ  d Ðequal€access€to€the€evidence€and€Ý‚ ÿÿÿÝòòÔÔÝ  Ýthat€Ý‚ ÿÿÿé^€repÝóóÔÔÝ  Ýfrequently€the€State€party€alone€has€access€to€relevantÐ ú J Ðinformation.€It€is€explicitly€stated€in€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol€that€theÐ à 0 ÐState€party€concerned€has€the€duty€to€contribute€to€clarification€of€the€matter.€In€theÐ Æ   Ðcircumstances,€the€appropriate€evidence€for€the€State€party€to€furnish€to€the€CommitteeÐ ¬ ü  Ðwould€have€been€the€medical€reports€on€the€state€of€health€of€Elena€Beatriz€VasilskisÐ ’â  Ðspecifically€requested€by€the€Committee€in€its€decision€of€25€March€1982.€Since€the€StateÐ xÈ  Ðparty€has€deliberately€refrained€from€providing€such€expert€information,€in€spite€of€theÐ ^®  ÐCommittee's€request,€the€Committee€cannot€but€draw€conclusions€from€such€failure.€Ð D”  ÐÌ11.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€OptionalÐ ` ÐProtocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€theÐ öF Ðfacts€as€found€by€the€Committee,€in€so€far€as€they€continued€or€occurred€after€23€March€1976Ð Ü, Ð(the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Uruguay),Ð Â Ðdisclose€violations€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€particularlyÐ ¨ø Ðof:€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌarticles€7€and€10,€paragraph€1,€because€Elena€Beatriz€Vasilskis€has€not€been€treated€in€prisonÐ Zª Ðwith€humanity€and€with€respect€for€the€inherent€dignity€of€the€human€person;€Ð @ ÐÌarticle€14,€paragraph€1,€because€there€was€no€public€hearing€of€her€case;€Ð  \ ÐÌarticle€14,€paragraph€3€(b)€and€(d)€,€because€she€did€not€have€adequate€legal€assistance€forÐ Ø( Ðthe€preparation€of€her€defence;€Ð ¾ ÐÌarticle€14,€paragraph€3€(c),€because€she€was€not€tried€without€undue€delay.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ12.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toÐ V"¦! Ðtake€immediate€steps€(a)€to€ensure€strict€observance€of€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant€andÐ <#Œ" Ðto€provide€effective€remedies€to€the€victim,€and,€in€particular,€to€extend€to€Elena€BeatrizÐ "$r# ÐVasilskis€treatment€as€laid€down€for€detained€persons€in€article€10€of€the€Covenants€(b)€toÐ %X $ Ðensure€that€she€receives€all€necessary€medical€cares€(c)€to€transmit€a€copy€of€these€views€toÐ î%>!% Ðhers€(d)€to€ensure€that€similar€violations€do€not€occur€in€the€future.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÓqÓ