ÿWPCy ëw¤2.Ÿ”uåŸBüQ& ÇÄ íf¶ËzZc­!N\ (–âKôù5¨Ù,^¥Qaƒ£$²– ‰¤+ïtx¯ø¾âhãmÏÝ¡d¾­?Òó }ç~ãS1I8"Ç÷ÞóヶE ¦ –sê´§·JžbòN© ›ññDê[bÊ"Û6T“-5›¢pu=¡Ð)Vk;ó-Zt îqè¤~›Ü,q©¹½LÅìMÆù¸ö™ãÉ™ ý}¯Ü“³¾e_OZžÀ]|YxÖBvĽåãj¬“T†£!ª^I߇ÅãݽE@ ÙLyþ6{)kæÙ˜»ØäN'Šx—ÉJÿCæÃê8jÞ¢pãìçoÉÍú‘/úÄšƈóÎô¬E«:¹Ð—ú^Åñ–èüòAsÿ!¡HЦä$…}ÜuÎ9`«˜É}“Ïrg9ÁþÁË™Ýåc¤$L8&VŽ›(®#¥¯sìwfŒ†u”Ë{ €GÌýŸ ¹U>v‘*€Å¼‰„6ÿU­ÂÅ~9fHq‚÷´7‡¥³Þ¨>ínÖkO·Eü¯è˜Ë#â!âªgÖD•’ïñàŠ¬ì¾þ8h~ï@Áñ¶É'9†3 ¦u/HOM&‹Í_ª,xßQu`$!U>ÎÌ  0µØ 0< 0YÉ 0_" 0i 0Pê 0T: ÆŽ 0áT 0(5 D+] AMˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ Õ 0Nå 0Æ3 #Áù UNº %M(N:^ <wH4L` mbô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Luis Alberto Estradet Cabreira v. Uruguay, Communication No. 105/1981 (3 August 1981), U.N4 (3 August 1981), U.N"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô4ÿÿ2EmphasisòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2Ý$££Ý ƒ‡J!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XýîXXXÔÔ€XýîXXXýîÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔ(ž‡J$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XëZXXXÔÔ€XëZXXXëZÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX·…û* Äpì*c(„³CorelÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ‡J!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xõ¦XXXÔÔ€Xõ¦XXXõ¦ÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔEstradetÔ_Ô€v.€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€105/1981*Ð H˜ ÐÌ21€July€1983Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:€óóMaria€A.€Ô_ÔCabreiraÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔEstradetÔ_Ô,€on€behalf€of€her€son,€Luis€Alberto€Ô_ÔEstradetÔ_ÔÐ xÈ  ÐÔ_ÔCabreiraÔ_ԀР^®  ÐÌòòAlleged€victim:€óóLuis€Alberto€Ô_ÔEstradetÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔCabreiraÔ_ԀР*z  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:€óóUruguay€Ð öF ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó3€August€1981€(date€of€initial€letter)€Ð  ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:€óó22€October€1982óó€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ @ Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð &v ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€21€July€1983,€Ð òB ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€105/1981€submitted€to€theÐ ¾ ÐCommittee€by€Maria€A.€Ô_ÔCabreiraÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔEstradetÔ_Ô€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€InternationalÐ ¤ô ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð Š Ú ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theÐ V"¦! Ðcommunication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned,€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð %X $ ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ º' #' ÐÓxÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€7€August€1981€and€furtherÐ l*¼%* Ðsubmissions€dated€5€June€and€3€September€and€one€postmarked€23€September€1982)€is€aÐ R+¢&+ ÐBrazilian€national,€residing€at€present€in€the€Netherlands.€She€submitted€the€communicationÐ 8,ˆ', Ðon€behalf€of€her€son,€Luis€Alberto€Ô_ÔEstradetÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔCabreiraÔ_Ô.€Ð -n(- Ї2.1€The€author€states€that€her€son€(born€on€14€August€1947)€was€arrested€in€Uruguay€on€13Ð ° ÐJuly€1972.€During€the€first€six€months€he€was€allegedly€kept€incommunicado€and€subjectedÐ –æ Ðto€torture€("Ô_ÔpicanaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔelectricaÔ_Ô",€òò"Ô_ÔsubmarinoÔ_Ô",€"Ô_ÔplatonesÔ_Ô",€óóbeatings€and€lack€of€food).€Ð |Ì ÐÌ2.2€The€author€further€states€that,€from€January€1973€to€the€present,€her€son€has€beenÐ H˜ Ðdetained€at€the€Penal€de€Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô,€a€prison€which€is€allegedly€only€for€political€detainees€andÐ . ~ Ðwhich€is€run€by€army€personnel.€The€author€describes€her€son's€present€conditions€ofÐ  d Ðimprisonment€as€follows:€he€shares€a€cell€measuring€2€by€13.50€m€with€another€detainee;€heÐ ú J Ðis€kept€in€his€cell€23€hours€each€day;€he€is€allowed€to€go€into€the€open€air€only€one€hour€perÐ à 0 Ðday,€provided€that€he€is€not€being€punished..€He€is€not€allowed€to€work,€to€read€newspapersÐ Æ   Ðor€to€listen€to€the€radio.€The€author€further€states€that€visits€may€take€place€every€15€days€andÐ ¬ ü  Ðlast€only€for€20€minutes.€The€only€persons€authorized€to€visit€him€are€close€relatives.€TheÐ ’â  Ðvisitors€and€the€alleged€victim€are€separated€by€a€thick€window€and€the€conversations€areÐ xÈ  Ðconducted€by€telephone€and€can€be€followed€by€the€prison€guards.€The€author€claims€that€theÐ ^®  Ðworst€part€of€her€son's€imprisonment€is€the€continuous€harassment€by€the€guards€and€theÐ D”  Ðsevere€punishment€for€such€actions€as€reporting€to€relatives€on€prison€conditions€or€speakingÐ *z  Ðwith€other€inmates€without€authorization.€Punishments€may€amount€to€detainees€being€heldÐ ` Ðat€"La€Ô_ÔIslaÔ_Ô",€a€punishment€cell,€in€solitary€confinement€as€long€as€90€days.€The€author€allegesÐ öF Ðthat€the€penitentiary€system€is€not€aimed€at€the€reformation€of€prisoners€but€at€the€destructionÐ Ü, Ðof€their€resistance.€As€soon€as€they€enter€at€Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô,€their€heads€are€shaved,€they€are€givenÐ Â Ða€number€and€they€are€never€called€by€their€names.€The€author€further€alleges€that€detaineesÐ ¨ø Ðare€continuously€kept€in€a€state€of€anxiety€and€tension€because€they€live€in€constant€fear€ofÐ ŽÞ Ðbeing€again€interrogated€in€connection€with€their€prior€convictions€or€with€purported€politicalÐ tÄ Ðactivities€in€prison.€Because€of€this€situation,€the€physical€and€mental€health€of€detainees€isÐ Zª Ðseriously€endangered€and€the€author€gives€the€names€of€three€detainees€who€were€going€toÐ @ Ðbe€re„tried€and€recently€died,€and€of€five€other€detainees€in€poor€health,€who€also€died.€SheÐ &v Ðrefers€also€to€the€case€of€Rafael€Wins€who€tried€to€commit€suicide€in€the€beginning€of€1982.€Ð  \ ÐÌ2.3€With€respect€to€the€judicial€proceedings€against€her€son,€the€author€states€that€on€24Ð Ø( ÐJanuary€1973€her€son€was€charged€on€grounds€of€offences€against€the€security€of€the€StateÐ ¾ Ð(arts.€281,€324,€244,€132€(6),€137€and€60€(v)€of€the€Military€Panel€Code)€for€being€a€memberÐ ¤ô Ðof€a€clandestine€political€organization,€the€Ô_ÔMovimientoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔLiberacionÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔNacionalÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔTupamarosÔ_ÔÐ Š Ú Ð(Ô_ÔMLNÔ_Ô„T).€She€further€states€.that€her€son€was€sentenced€to€nine€years€of€imprisonment€andÐ p!À  Ðin€addition€to€six€months€to€three€years€of€precautionary€detention€òò(Ô_ÔmediasÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔseguridadÔ_ÔÐ V"¦! ÐÔ_ÔeliminativasÔ_Ô)€óóby€a€military€tribunal€of€first€instance.€On€appeal,€the€Supreme€MilitaryÐ <#Œ" ÐTribunal€increased€the€prison€term€to€12€years€and€imposed€the€same€security€measures.€TheÐ "$r# Ðauthor€alleges€that€the€judgement€of€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€(of€15€February€1977)Ð %X $ Ðcontained€grave€technical€defects€(e.g.€with€regard€to€offences€which€could€not€be€proven,Ð î%>!% Ðoffences€not€mentioned€in€the€indictment€and€acts€for€which€her€son€was€allegedly€punishedÐ Ô&$"& Ðtwice).€Because€of€this,€the€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€lawyer€submitted€an€appeal€òò(.Ô_ÔrecursoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔcasacionÔ_Ô)Ð º' #' Ðóówhich,€however,€was€dismissed.€The€author€further€alleges€that€her€son's€conviction€wasÐ  (ð#( Ðbased€on€confessions€that€were€extracted€from€him€under€torture.€She€claims€that,€althoughÐ †)Ö$) Ðthe€torture€took€place€before€23€March€1976€(the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€entered€intoÐ l*¼%* Ð,force€for€Uruguay),€it€has€had€effects€up€to€date,€because€it€was€on€the€basis€of€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðconfessions€made€under€torture€that€her€son€was€sentenced€to€12€years€of€imprisonmentÐ 8,ˆ', Ðwhich€he€continues€to€serve€at€present.€She€emphasizes€that€all€charges€against€her€son€stemÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ôfrom€his€political€activities€and€that€he€is€therefore€a€political€prisoner.€In€particular€sheÐ ° Ðstates€that€article€2€(1)€and€article€26€of€the€Covenant€have€been€violated€"since€he€has€beenÐ –æ Ðmade€a€victim€of€discrimination€on€the€ground€of€his€political€opinions,€having€been€treatedÐ |Ì Ðfar€worse€than€the€perpetrator€of€an€ordinary€offence".€Ð b² ÐÌ2.4€The€author€claims€that€domestic€remedies€have€been€exhausted.€She€maintains€that€theÐ . ~ Ðdomestic€remedies€which€are€provided€for€in€the€Uruguayan€legislation€cannot€protect€herÐ  d Ðson,€because€none€of€them€is€allegedly€applicable€in€practice,€if€the€human€rights€violationÐ ú J Ðhas€been€committed€by€military€personnel€or€by€members€of€the€police€in€connection€withÐ à 0 ÐState€security€as€interpreted€by€the€military€forces.€She€further€alleges€that€military€judgesÐ Æ   Ðare€not€impartial€and€in€particular€that€they€conceal€continuous€illegal€acts€to€which€politicalÐ ¬ ü  Ðdetainees€are€subjected.€Ð ’â  ÐÌ2.5€The€author€expresses€deep€concern€about€her€son's€state€of€health.€She€mentions€that€heÐ ^®  Ðsuffers€from€a€heart€disease,€that€he€has€been€operated€on€twice,€that€he€urgently€needs€aÐ D”  Ðthird€operation€and€that€he€is€denied€proper€medical€attention.€Ð *z  ÐÌ2.6€The€author€states€that€the€same€matter€is€not€being€examined€under€another€procedureÐ öF Ðof€international€investigation€or€settlement€since€she€has€expressly€withdrawn€her€complaintÐ Ü, Ðto€the€Inter„American€Commission€on€Human€Rights.€Ð  ÐÌ2.7€The€author€claims€that€her€son€is€a€victim€of€violations€of€articles€2€(1)€and€(3),€7,€10€(1)Ð ŽÞ Ðand€(3),€14€(1)€and€26€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ3.€By€its€decision€of€14€October€1981,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ @ Ðdecided€that€the€author€was€justified€in€acting€on€behalf€of€the€alleged€victim€and€transmittedÐ &v Ðthe€communication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€to€the€State€partyÐ  \ Ðconcerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibilityÐ òB Ðof€the€communication.€The€Working€Group€also€requested€the€State€party€to€provide€theÐ Ø( ÐCommittee€with€information€on€the€state€of€health€of€Luis€Alberto€Estradet€Cabreira.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ4.€By€a€note€dated€25€June€1982,€the€State€party€informed€the€Committee€that€Luis€AlbertoÐ Š Ú ÐEstradet€was€arrested€on€13€July€1972€and€that,€contrary€to€the€author's€statement,€he€is€notÐ p!À  Ða€political€prisoner.€It€stated€that€in€1969€Luis€Estradet€became€a€member€of€the€MovimientoÐ V"¦! Ðde€Liberacion€Nacional€and€he€had€taken€part€in€terrorist€activities.€On€24€January€1973,€heÐ <#Œ" Ðwas€charged€by€a€military€judge€on€grounds€of€offences€contained€in€articles€281,€324,€344,Ð "$r# Ð132€(6)€of€the€Ordinary€Penal€Code€and€article€60€(v)€of€the€Military€Penal€Code€(i.e.€mainlyÐ %X $ Ðon€grounds€of:€use€of€fire„arms,€subversive€association€and€attempt€against€the€Constitution).Ð î%>!% ÐThe€State€party€further€stated€that€Luis€Estradet€was€sentenced€by€a€tribunal€of€first€instanceÐ Ô&$"& Ðto€nine€years€and€six€months€of€imprisonment€and€in€addition€to€six€months€to€three€yearsÐ º' #' Ðof€precautionary€detention€òò(medidas€.de€Seguridad€eliminativas).€óóOn€15€February€1977,€onÐ  (ð#( Ðappeal,€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€sentenced€him€to€12€years€of€imprisonment€and€inÐ †)Ö$) Ðaddition€to€one€to€three€years€of€"security€measures"€basically€for€the€same€offences€withÐ l*¼%* Ðaggravating€circumstances.€It€further€informed€the€Committee€that€Luis€Estradet€is€presentlyÐ R+¢&+ Ðdetained€at€the€Establecimiento€Militar€de€Reclusion€No.€1.€In€a€further€submission,€datedÐ 8,ˆ', Ð20€October€1982,€the€State€party€contests€the€author's€description€of€the€prison€conditionsÐ -n(- Ðand€states€that€detainees€in€military€prisons€are€not€isolated€from€the€outside€world,€Ý‚ ÿÿÿÝòòÔÔÝ  Ýthat€Ý‚ ÿÿÿZ0ct€tÝóóÔÔÝ  ÝtheyÐ ° Ðenjoy€periodical€visits€in€accordance€with€the€regulations€for€military€prisons,€that€they€canÐ –æ Ðlisten€to€radio€programmes€transmitted€by€loud€speakers,€that€they€may€see€films€and€readÐ |Ì Ðbooks€which€are€either€available€in€the€prison€library€or€are€brought€by€their€relatives€andÐ b² Ðare€handed€to€the€prisoners€after€a€normal€inspection€for€security€reasons.€The€State€partyÐ H˜ Ðfurther€denies€in€general€terms€the€author's€allegations€of€mistreatment,€psychologicalÐ . ~ Ðtension€and€arbitrary€punishment€at€the€Establecimiento€de€Reclusion€No.€1.€The€State€partyÐ  d Ðalso€points€out€that€some€paragraphs€of€the€author's€submission€of€5€June€1982€are€identicalÐ ú J Ðto€paragraphs€of€another€communication€before€the€Committee€and€that€this€proves€that€theÐ à 0 Ðauthor€has€merely€signed€her€communication€and€that€there€is€an€organized€campaign€aimedÐ Æ   Ðat€preparing€complaints€for€submission€to€international€organizations.€The€State€party€furtherÐ ¬ ü  Ðstates€that€Luis€Estradet's€sentence€was€increased€due€to€the€discovery€of€new€facts€whichÐ ’â  Ðamount€to€aggravating€circumstances.€As€far€as€Luis€Estradet's€health€is€concerned,€the€StateÐ xÈ  Ðparty€informs€the€Committee€that€he€is€given€regular€medical€examinations€and€that€thereÐ ^®  Ðis€no€reason€to€be€concerned€about€his€physical€state€of€health.€Ð D”  ÐÌ5.€Commenting€on€the€State€party's€submission,€the€author€maintains,€in€her€letter€dated€3Ð ` ÐSeptember€1982,€that€her€son€is€not€a€terrorist,€that€he€was€arrested€for€the€first€time€in€1969Ð öF Ðfor€having€distributed€some€pamphlets€to€the€workers€of€a€tire€factory€(FUNSA)€inÐ Ü, ÐMontevideo€and€that€he€was€released€five€months€later,€in€February€1970,€without€anyÐ Â Ðcharges€of€"terrorism"€having€been€retained€against€him.€She€reiterates€that€he€was€re„Ð ¨ø Ðarrested€on€13€July€1972€and€that€he€was€sentenced€on€the€basis€of€confessions€extractedÐ ŽÞ Ðfrom€him€under€torture.€She€also€reiterates€that€her€son€suffers€from€a€heart€disease€and€thatÐ tÄ Ðhis€state€of€health€is€extremely€poor€and€is€aggravated€by€inhuman€conditions€ofÐ Zª Ðimprisonment.€The€author,€in€her€further€comments€postmarked€23€September€1982,€allegesÐ @ Ðthat€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€which€on€appeal€on€15€February€1977€increased€theÐ &v Ðsentence€imposed€on€her€son€by€the€military€tribunal€of€first€instance,€has€transgressedÐ  \ ÐUruguayan€law€and€jurisprudence€of€several€decades,€because€the€offences€were€the€same.Ð òB ÐShe€further€alleges€that€the€imposition€of€precautionary€detention€measures€òò(medidas€deÐ Ø( Ðseguridad€eliminativas)€óóis€illegal€and€that€such€measures€merely€serve€the€purpose€ofÐ ¾ Ðpreventing€any€proceedings€aimed€at€obtaining€a€release€on€parole.€She€adds€that€militaryÐ ¤ô Ðjustice€has€often€imposed€such€measures€when€dealing€with€political€offences.€The€authorÐ Š Ú Ðreiterates€that€article€14€of€the€Covenant€has€been€violated€in€particular€because€her€son€only,Ð p!À  Ðreceived€a€final€sentence€four€years€and€seven€months€after€his€arrest.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ6.€The€author's€assertion€that€the€same€matter€was€not€being€examined€by€anotherÐ "$r# Ðinternational€body€had€not€been€contested€by€the€State€party.€As€to€the€question€ofÐ %X $ Ðexhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€Committee€was€unable€to€conclude€that,€in€theÐ î%>!% Ðcircumstances€of€this€case,€there€were€effective€remedies€which€Luis€Estradet€had€failed€toÐ Ô&$"& Ðexhaust.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€found€that€the€communication€was€not€inadmissibleÐ º' #' Ðunder€article€5€(2)€(a)€and€(b)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ7.€On€22€October€1982,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€òòdecided:óó€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ(a)€That€the€communication€was€admissible€in€so€far€as€it€relates€to€events€said€to€haveÐ 8,ˆ', Ðoccurred€on€or€after€23€March€1976,€the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€and€the€OptionalÐ -n(- ÐProtocol€entered€into€force€for€Uruguay;€Ð ° ÐÌ(b)€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€should€beÐ |Ì Ðrequested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€the€transmittal€to€itÐ b² Ðof€this€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€ifÐ H˜ Ðany,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it;€Ð . ~ ÐÌ(c)€That€the€State€party€should€be€informed€that€the€written€explanations€or€statementsÐ ú J Ðsubmitted€by€it€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€must€relate€primarily€to€theÐ à 0 Ðsubstance€of€the€matter€under€consideration.€The€Committee€stressed€that,€in€order€toÐ Æ   Ðperform€its€responsibilities,€it€required€specific€responses€to€the€allegations€which€had€beenÐ ¬ ü  Ðmade€by€the€author€of€the€communication,€and€the€State€party's€explanations€of€the€actionsÐ ’â  Ðtaken€by€it.€The€State€party€was€requested,€in€this€connection,€(i)€to€enclose€copies€of€anyÐ xÈ  Ðcourt€orders€or€decisions€of€relevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration,€(ii)€to€submit€itsÐ ^®  Ðobservations€concerning€the€author's€allegations€that€the€judgement€of€the€Supreme€MilitaryÐ D”  ÐTribunal€on€15€February€1977,€contained€"grave€technical€defects"€and€that€"because€of€thisÐ *z  Ðthe€defence€lawyer€submitted€an€appeal€òò(recurso€de€casacion)"€óóand€(iii)€to€inform€theÐ ` ÐCommittee€on€what€legal€grounds€such€appeal€òò(recurso€de€casacion)€óówas€dismissed}€Ð öF ÐÌ(d)€That€the€State€party€be€requested€to€inform€the€Committee€whether€Luis€Alberto€EstradetÐ Â Ðsuffered€from€a€heart€disease€and,€if€so,€whether€he€was€being€given€appropriate€medicalÐ ¨ø Ðtreatment.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ8.1€By€a€note€dated€27€May€1983,€the€State€party€submitted€further€information€on€the€stateÐ Zª Ðof€health€of€Luis€Alberto€Estradet,€as€follows;€Ð @ ÐÌ"Record€prior€to€his€detention:€in€1971€he€was€operated€on€for€a€stab€wound€in€the€rightÐ  \ Ðventricle.€Since€being€imprisoned€in€Military€Detention€Establishment€No.€1,€he€has€beenÐ òB Ðgiven€regular€check„ups€by€a€cardiologist.€He€occasionally€suffers€from€atypical€procordialÐ Ø( Ðpains.€Electrocardiograms€are€made€every€month.€Special€examinations€of€the€heart€vessels,Ð ¾ Ðcoronary€arteries,€etc.,€reveal€the€following:€myocardial€bridge€in€one€third€of€the€frontÐ ¤ô Ðdescendens;€moderate€prolapse€of€the€valve€behind€the€mitral€valve;€moderate€hypertrophyÐ Š Ú Ðof€the€left€ventricle;€coronaries€normal;€fibrosis€in€parts€of€the€front€surface€of€the€leftÐ p!À  Ðventricle.€An€ergometer€examination€produced€negative€results,€with€excellent€tolerance€ofÐ V"¦! Ðthe€test.€Me€has€been€given€the€following€medication€as€required:€Difixil,€Opranol,€Adalat,Ð <#Œ" ÐBromzepan,€Nitrazepan,€Acamipan€and€Nitrangor.€He€continues€to€undergo€examinationsÐ "$r# Ðat€the€medical€and€cardiological€polyclinic€for€persistent€precordialgia,€but€does€not€haveÐ %X $ Ðdyspnea€or€palpitations€and€has€good€tolerance€for€sports.€Periodic€electrocardiagrams.€NoÐ î%>!% Ðnotable€irregularities.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ'Present€examination:€good€general€condition,€skin€and€mucosa€normal€colour,€no€notableÐ  (ð#( Ðlesions.€Buccopharyngeal€region:€no€special€features;€lymphatic€vessels€and€lymph€nodes:Ð †)Ö$) Ðno€special€features;€bones€and€joints:€no€special€features.€Auscultation:€steady€rhythm€of€75Ð l*¼%* Ðpulsations€per€minute,€firm€beats,€no€murmur,€blood€pressure€120/70,€full€peripheral€pulses.Ð R+¢&+ ÐPleuropulmonary€region:€MAV€in€good€overall€condition,€no€wheezing.€Abdomen:€noÐ 8,ˆ', Ðspecial€features.€Genitals€and€perineum:€no€special€features.€Lower€limbs:€no€edemas."€Ð -n(- Ї8.2€The€time„limit€for€the€State€party's€submission€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€OptionalÐ ° ÐProtocol€expired€on€22€May€1983.€No€submissions€other€than€those€of€25€June€and€20Ð –æ ÐOctober€1982€and€27€May€1983€have€been€received.€The€Committee€notes€with€appreciationÐ |Ì Ðthe€information€furnished€by€the€State€party€concerning€the€state€of€health€of€Luis€AlbertoÐ b² ÐEstradet.€It€regrets,€however,€the€failure€of€the€State€party€to€respond€to€the€specific€requestsÐ H˜ Ðfor€information,€and€copies€of€court€orders€or€decisions,€made€in€paragraph€3€of€theÐ . ~ ÐCommittee's€decision€of€22€October€1982.€Ð  d ÐÌ9.1€The€Committee€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts€which€have€been€eitherÐ à 0 Ðessentially€confirmed€by€the€State€party€or€are€uncontested€except€for€denials€of€a€generalÐ Æ   Ðcharacter€offering€no€particular€information€or€explanation.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ9.2€òòEvents€prior€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant:óó€Ð xÈ  ÐÌLuis€Alberto€Estradet€Cabreira€was€arrested€on€13€July€1972.€During€the€first€six€months€heÐ D”  Ðwas€kept€incommunicado€and€subjected€to€ill„treatment.€On€24€January€1973€he€was€triedÐ *z  Ðby€the€Court€of€first€instance€and€sentenced€to€nine€years€and€six€months€of€imprisonmentÐ ` Ðand€in€addition€to€six€months€to€three€years€of€precautionary€detention€òò(medidas€de€seguridadÐ öF Ðeliminativas).€óóIn€January€1973,€he€was€transferred€to€Libertad€prison.€Ð Ü, ÐÌ9.3€òòEvents€subsequent€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant:óó€Ð ¨ø ÐÌOn€15€February€1977,€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€increased€the€sentence€imposed€onÐ tÄ ÐLuis€Alberto€Estradet€Cabreira€to€12€years€of€imprisonment€and€in€addition€to€one€to€threeÐ Zª Ðyears€of€precautionary€detention.€The€defence€lawyer€lodged€an€appeal€òò(recurso€de€casacion)Ð @ Ðóófor€reasons€of€technical€defects€in€the€judgement€of€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal.€ThisÐ &v Ðappeal€was€rejected.€Ð  \ ÐÌ10.1€In€formulating€its€views,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€takes€into€account€the€followingÐ Ø( Ðconsiderations.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ10.2€The€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€in€its€submission€of€20€October€1982€has,Ð Š Ú Ðapart€from€denials€in€general€terms,€replied€only€to€certain€of€the€author's€allegations€that€herÐ p!À  Ðson€has€been€ill„treated€and€held€under€inhuman€prison€conditions€at€Libertad€and,€inÐ V"¦! Ðparticular,€the€State€party€has€not€satisfied€the€Committee€that€living€conditions€and€theÐ <#Œ" Ðtreatment€received€by€Luis€Alberto€Estradet€at€Libertad€have€met€the€requirements€of€articleÐ "$r# Ð10€(1)€of€the€Covenant.€In€this€connection,€the€Committee€recalls€its€findings€in€other€casesÐ %X $ Ða/€that€a€practice€of€inhuman€treatment€existed€at€Libertad€prison€during€'the€period€to€whichÐ î%>!% Ðthe€present€communication€relates€and€that€it€has€come€to€this€conclusion€on€the€basis€ofÐ Ô&$"& Ðspecific€accounts€by€former€detainees€themselves.€The€Committee€concludes€that,€in€theÐ º' #' Ðpresent€case€also,€Luis€Alberto€Estradet€has€not€been€treated€with€humanity€and€with€respectÐ  (ð#( Ðfor€the€inherent€dignity€of€the€human€person€as€required€by€article€10€(1)€of€the€Covenant.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ10.3€As€to€the€alleged€technical€defects€in€the€judgement€at€second€instance,€the€CommitteeÐ R+¢&+ Ðconsiders€that€due€to€the€lack€of€specific€information€provided€by€the€author€it€cannot€makeÐ 8,ˆ', Ða€finding€on€the€question€of€the€alleged€violations€of€articles€2€(3)€and€14€of€the€Covenant.€Ð -n(- Ї11.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ ° ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€the€facts,€as€foundÐ –æ Ðby€the€Committee,€in€so€far€as€they€continued€or€occurred€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€onÐ |Ì Ðwhich€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Uruguay),€discloseÐ b² Ðviolations€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€particularly:€Ð H˜ ÐÌof€article€10€(1)€because€Luis€Alberto€Estradet€has€not€been€treated€in€prison€with€humanityÐ  d Ðand€with€respect€for€the€inherent€dignity€of€the€human€person.€Ð ú J ÐÌ12.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toÐ Æ   Ðtake€immediate€steps€to€ensure€strict€observance€of€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant€and,€inÐ ¬ ü  Ðparticular,€to€extend€to€Luis€Alberto€Estradet€treatment€as€laid€down€for€detained€persons€inÐ ’â  Ðarticle€10€of€the€Covenant.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌÌòòNotesóó€Ð *z  ÐÌa/€€€For€the€views€of€the€Committee,€see€annex€VIII€to€the€present€report€concerningÐ öF Ðcommunication€no.€66/1980€(Campora€Schweizer€v.€Uruguay),€adopted€on€12€October€1982,Ð Ü, Ðand€annex€XIII€to€the€present€report,€concerning€communication€74/1980€(Miguel€AngelÐ Â ÐEstrella€v.€Uruguay),€adopted€on€29€March€1983.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ*/€€€Mr.€Walter€Surma€Tarnopolsky€did€not€participate€in€the€adoption€of€the€views€of€theÐ tÄ ÐCommittee€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€in€this€matter.