ÿWPC/ ½6¯sÊ¿t“ÈÑ\½n"†Û7:mü‡¨ W¤!f÷!|)GÎX«Þ†Ø[ç)ðt“—k)ÃÅXÈ#@¥”ê½£®.ê“É[›Ã‘×ôÍÊ”Xƒ\ j¼·Øs:Ã䈊îõ‰ùªþ›Bæýdc¤’­¤>Ó>`ˆ7@îä^8¦Awy»‘P¾XîÕ˳VƒÖËØiŠÇ䨬bŒG?»|eiº\9€áˆÑvkÚé;€=ŸˆpÜÒѨZm`ÄaM ‡lP&¼gÅ™[œ6; k¶½PM¿øÉö=¹=òhÿH‡­·z1z1À™Z_£¡«AÖèë„÷íÝO‚ÔöDÉùq©¢ÐèÙ—Pä”^í0@TEžâe€x €*ýŠ oa ƒ7Å¡ZäÎÄiøíÁLœb³c5ÌêûÛ#ão£ÍÁ8»ùõp6Úé’E±ñŒä­àâiµ%x–<'-ÐÊaª¨Hå ‘çÄí‰ùñŽáƒL l®Ÿš6™[í`R¿…'úxöß– _í}·N±*B]nÈÕÀ]I>AÀVNo„Mê=™‘²øÃZö=²v]—Ì»Î6ƒ¸æ«ârJ²2ËíÍ#ùÒ©»O¡œkZ¶ÌÌm¶yä¬/ø5è³yU>¤Àâ 0µ¢ 0<W 0Y“ 0_ì 0iKÆ´ 0áz 0([ D+ƒ AM® ® ® ® û 0N 0ÆY #! UN@ %Ž M” (˜ NÀ ^  w4Î 4 mô\  `‹&Times New Roman' H.T.B. v. Canada, Communication No. 534/1993, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/49/D/534/1993 (1993).(34/1993 (1993)."Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2úS$££Ý ƒå¡!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X±+XXXÔÔ€X±+XXX±+ÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔ(žå¡$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X$ XXXÔÔ€X$ XXX$ ÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX:};)ÆE[E[E[DDas()¢Ø+00ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒå¡!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X±+XXXÔÔ€X±+XXX±+ÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔH.T.B.Ô_Ô€v.€CanadaóóÐ ˆØ ÐÌCommunication€No.€534/1993*/ÌÌ19€October€1993ÌÌÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/49/D/534/1993Ìññà 4 àà 4 àà 4 àññÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ Ô$  ÐÌññÌññÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Ô_ÔH.T.B.Ô_Ô€(name€deleted)Ð ˜è  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€The€authorÐ pÀ ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€CanadaÐ H˜ ÐÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€5€January€1993€(initial€submission)óóÐ  p ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€onÐ ä4 ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights,ÌÌòòMeeting€onóó€19€October€1993,Ð ¨ø ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:Ð €Ð ÐÓ.ÓÌÓ  ÓÌò òòòDecision€on€admissibilityóóó óÐ D!” ÐÌÓ@ÓÌÓ  Ó1.€The€author€of€the€communication,€dated€5€January€1993,€is€Ô_ÔH.T.B.Ô_Ô,€a€citizen€of€Canada,Ïborn€in€1939€in€Ô_ÔLabiauÔ_Ô,€East€Prussia,€currently€serving€a€sentence€of€25€years'€imprisonmentÏin€Kingston€penitentiary.€He€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€a€violation€of€articles€9€and€14€of€theÏInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€by€Canada.€He€is€represented€byÏcounsel.ÌÌññò òññññòòññThe€facts€as€presented€by€the€authorññóóññññó óññ:Ð )à$( ÐÌ2.1€The€author€was€convicted€by€jury€on€13€February€1986€in€the€court€in€the€city€of€St.ÏÔ_ÔCatherinesÔ_Ô€and€sentenced€to€25€years€of€imprisonment€without€chance€of€parole€for€the€firstÏdegree€murder€of€his€wife€Hanna.€His€appeal€before€the€Court€of€Appeal€for€Ontario€wasÐ @-(, Ðdismissed€on€13€April€1989€and€his€application€for€leave€to€appeal€to€the€Supreme€Court€ofÏCanada€was€dismissed€on€5€October€1989.€On€2€March€1990,€the€author€applied€to€theÏMinister€of€Justice€seeking€the€mercy€of€the€Crown€for€a€direction€for€a€new€trial.€TheÏapplication€was€denied€on€19€December€1991.€It€is€submitted€that€domestic€remedies€haveÏbeen€exhausted€herewith.€Counsel€states€that€the€same€matter€has€not€been€submitted€forÏexamination€under€another€procedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement.ÌÌ2.2€During€the€trial,€the€prosecution€claimed€that€the€murder€of€the€author's€wife€wasÏoriginally€planned€for€the€morning€of€5€July€1984,€and€that€on€that€morning,€the€author,€enÏroute€to€Toronto€and€accompanied€by€his€wife,€stopped€behind€a€parked€blue€Nova€on€theÏshoulder€of€Highway€402.€Two€men,€P.A.€and€Ô_ÔT.A.Ô_Ô,€were€positioned€near€the€car,€while€aÏthird,€Ô_ÔG.F.Ô_Ô,€remained€out€of€sight.€Shortly€after€the€author€stopped,€a€police€officer€pulledÏover€to€the€scene€and€the€plan€could€not€be€executed.€In€the€early€evening€of€5€July€1984,€theÏauthor,€returning€from€Toronto€with€his€wife€and€nephew,€again€stopped€his€car€at€the€sideÏof€the€road€on€Highway€402€and€parked€behind€the€aforementioned€blue€Nova.€ImmediatelyÏafter€stopping,€G.F.€approached€from€a€ditch,€put€a€gun€to€Hanna€B.'s€head€and€forced€her€outÏof€the€car,€demanding€money€and€jewelry.€She€was€dragged€over€the€guardrail€and€shot.ÌÌ2.3€The€case€for€the€prosecution€was€that€the€author€paid€money€to€one€B.€for€the€murder€ofÏhis€wife,€was€involved€in€the€planning€of€her€murder€and€delivered€her€to€the€place€where€sheÏwas€killed€pursuant€to€the€arrangement.€The€author,€however,€testified€that€he€and€his€wifeÏonly€stopped€by€chance€at€the€place€where€she€was€subsequently€murdered.€His€defence€atÏthe€trial,€which€lasted€over€75€days,€was€that€he€was€not€involved€in€any€arrangement€toÏmurder€his€wife.ÌÌ2.4€The€defence€of€insanity€was€not€raised€during€the€trial,€although€the€author's€privatelyÏretained€counsel€adduced€substantial€evidence€of€psychiatric€impairment.€Expert€testimonyÏwas€led€as€to€the€victim's€state€of€mind€at€the€time€during€which€the€murder€was€planned€andÏexecuted,€but€the€expert€witnesses€were€not€called€upon€to€render€an€opinion€as€to€whetherÏthe€author€was€legally€insane€at€the€time€of€the€murder.€In€fact,€the€defence€of€insanity€wasÏexpressly€disavowed€by€trial€counsel,€so€that€the€question€of€the€author€qualifying€as€insaneÏunder€the€terms€of€the€Canadian€Criminal€Code€was€not€considered€by€the€jury.€The€trialÏdefence€was€led€on€the€grounds€that€the€witnesses€for€the€prosecution€were€not€reliable€andÏhad€their€own€motives€to€kill€Hanna€B.,€and€that€the€author's€testimony€was€reliable€andÏshould€have€left€the€jury€with€a€reasonable€doubt€as€to€his€guilt.ÌÌ2.5€In€the€Court€of€Appeal€for€Ontario,€new€counsel€not€only€upheld€the€author's€originalÏdefence,€but€also€brought€a€motion€to€adduce€fresh€evidence€on€the€issue€of€insanity.€IncludedÏwith€the€Motion€papers€were€the€affidavits€of€seven€mental€health€professionals€which,Ïaccording€to€counsel,€clearly€make€a€ò òprima€facieó ó€case€for€the€issue€of€insanity.€The€authorÐ )à$( Ðwas€diagnosed€as€suffering€from€a€psychiatric€condition€known€as€Organic€PersonalityÏDisorder,€the€essential€feature€being€a€marked€change€in€a€person's€personality,€due€to€aÏspecific€organic€factor,€in€the€author's€case,€frontal€brain€damage€resulting€from€a€stroke€inÏ1982.€According€to€the€experts'€affidavits,€the€disorder€made€the€author€ò òinter€aliaó ó€incapableÐ D-”(, Ðof€appreciating€the€nature€and€consequences€of€his€words€and€actions.ÌÌ2.6€The€Court€of€Appeal€for€Ontario€dismissed€the€application€to€adduce€fresh€evidence.€ItÏconsidered€that€the€author€should€not€be€permitted€to€raise€this€evidence€on€appeal,€since€itÏhad€already€been€available€to€his€counsel€during€the€trial.€It€further€found€that€relying€onÏinsanity€as€an€alternative€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€was€not€acceptable,€since€it€led€to€a€position€completelyÏinconsistent€with€that€taken€before€the€jury.€The€Court€of€Appeal€concluded€that€it€would€notÏbe€in€the€interest€of€justice€to€admit€the€evidence,€since,€having€regard€to€all€the€evidence€ledÏat€trial,€it€was€unlikely€that€the€jury€would€have€given€effect€to€this€alternative€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô,€takingÏinto€account€that€it€would€have€been€vigorously€challenged.ÌÌññò òññññòòññThe€complaintññóóññññó óññ:Ð Ô$  ÐÌ3.1€The€author€claims€that€the€failure€by€the€Court€of€Appeal€for€Ontario,€and€subsequentlyÏby€the€Supreme€Court€of€Canada,€to€consider€the€evidence€of€insanity€by€refusing€to€hear€anyÏargument€that€referred€to€that€evidence€resulted€in€the€deprivation€of€his€liberty€withoutÏrecognition€of€the€procedures€established€by€law,€in€violation€of€article€9€of€the€Covenant.ÏIn€this€context,€the€author€refers€to€section€16(1)€of€the€Canadian€Criminal€Code,€whichÏstates€that€"No€person€shall€be€convicted€of€an€offence€in€respect€of€an€act€or€omission€on€hisÏpart€while€that€person€was€insane";€he€contends€that€said€article€was€violated€in€his€case.ÌÌ3.2€The€author€further€claims€that€the€failure€of€the€Court€of€Appeal€for€Ontario€to€allow€himÏto€adduce€fresh€evidence€with€regard€to€his€insanity€violates€his€right€to€a€fair€trial€and€hisÏright€to€have€his€conviction€and€sentence€reviewed.€ÌÌññò òññññòòññIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committeeññóóññññó óññ:Ð ¼  ÐÌ4.1€Before€considering€any€claim€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€RightsÏCommittee€must,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€decide€whether€or€notÏit€is€admissible€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.ÌÌ4.2€As€regards€the€author's€claim€under€article€9€of€the€Covenant,€the€Committee€notes€thatÏthe€author€was€arrested€and€detained€upon€a€charge€for€murder€and€that€he€was€consequentlyÏconvicted€and€sentenced€to€imprisonment€in€accordance€with€Canadian€law.€The€CommitteeÏconsiders€that€neither€the€facts€of€the€case€nor€the€author's€allegations€raise€issues€underÏarticle€9€of€the€Covenant.€This€part€of€the€communication€is€therefore€inadmissible€underÏarticle€3€of€the€Optional€Protocol.ÌÌ4.3€As€regards€the€author's€claim€that€his€right€to€fair€trial€has€been€violated,€because€he€wasÏnot€allowed€to€produce€evidence€with€regard€to€his€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€of€insanity€before€the€Court€ofÏAppeal€of€Ontario,€the€Committee€notes€that€this€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€had€already€been€available€to€theÏauthor€during€trial€at€first€instance,€but€that€he€made€a€conscious€decision€not€to€use€it.€TheÏCommittee€further€notes€that€the€author's€conviction€and€sentence€was€reviewed€by€the€CourtÏof€Appeal€of€Ontario,€and€that€the€Court€decided€not€to€admit€the€evidence€relating€to€theÏÔ_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€of€insanity,€in€accordance€with€Canadian€law€which€prescribes€that€fresh€evidenceÐ @-(, Ðwill€generally€not€be€admitted€if€it€could€have€been€adduced€at€trial.€The€Committee€recallsÏÔ_ÔthatitÔ_Ô€is€in€principle€for€the€courts€of€States€parties€to€the€Covenant,€and€not€for€theÏCommittee,€to€evaluate€facts€and€evidence€in€a€particular€case,€unless€it€is€apparent€that€theÏcourts'€decisions€are€manifestly€arbitrary€or€amount€to€a€denial€of€justice.€The€Committee€hasÏno€evidence€that€the€proceedings€before€the€courts€suffered€from€these€defects.€In€theÏcircumstances€of€the€instant€case,€the€Committee€concludes€that€this€part€of€theÏcommunication€is€therefore€inadmissible€under€article€3€of€the€Optional€Protocol.ÌÌ5.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides:ÌÌ(a)€that€the€communication€is€inadmissible€under€article€3€of€the€Optional€Protocol;ÌÌ(b)€that€this€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€author€and€to€his€counsel,€and,€forÏinformation,€to€the€State€party.ÌÌ[Done€in€English,€French€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version.]€ÌÌÌÌòòFootnotesóóÐ 4„ ÐÌ*/€€€All€persons€handling€this€document€are€requested€to€respect€and€Ô_ÔobserveitsÔ_Ô€confidentialÏnature.ÌÌ**/€€€Made€public€by€decision€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee.ÌÓ²Ó