ÿWPCƒ Rj™{;XÃélCÝãåBZ9Cs…©«A–z×¢ñp 2¡Îâ«;FNí° ÖµÎÎ4ùl"ý/•…?Õ&DdÖ¾]@¡vdŽó•iÙ¶”ÃE6ÆŒ³´²‡žÑG£¾¶ò©œ‹¯èµtë4ô&A– zвzñÃmÒ6Àö¸+/g ¶ŠÇâœ>®/¥6Ü%7%±um¦£±e, xúp±‚Ç2s¿”Œ™™<þQ8Ù“´esoрͳ{ !X‘:ÁžˆB¢×~ÌÕ?1d¢7(qÒ‘¬Ã»ÓòèãÑo×i¼ ,ÀèšSL—¥Tý.>žBÑÑ`ÞûžZzĺ;PÞh“³øúÑÄÑÇ+<=Ÿ´r„ãÂœÁ¿‚sñ±~kµhu˜¡Ei1"÷n;“9z¤Ç¼_N«ùÚ ÆÄÈ\ÎUr…'&s¯Š qäaYa_šH!~ÂÞÒ·Ï‹B? Ÿ7gã/C¸ŸRT¹”Éöïõ~TJ…&¨"³Ø²|íBéÆΔÒn3cS8o·] Ó_¡ˆ «)½$°}Ѻ_VÇœ61>¯=ôF g3 ?E–ð|•¤è°¬Lj,yi¦”Š[ÅdI‚|³mj»U>z̸ 0µ„ 0<9 0Yu 0_Î 0i- 0P–Ææ 0ᬠ0( D+µ AMà - 0Æ= #Á UNÄ %M(ND^ FwR4Vj mlô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Antonio Viana Acosta v. Uruguay, Communication No. 110/1981 (12 August 1981) (twenty-first4t 1981) (twenty-first"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2…J$££Ý ƒâ!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X~XXXÔÔ€X~XXX~ÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(žâ$¡¡ÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X`{XXXÔÔ€X`{XXX`{ÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX•†û* Äpì*c(„³CorelÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒâ!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X~XXXÔÔ€X~XXX~ÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔVianaÔ_Ô€v.€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€110/1981Ð H˜ ÐÌ29€March€1984Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:€óóAntonio€Ô_ÔVianaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔAcostaÔ_ԀРxÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victims€óóThe€author€Ð D”  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:€óóUruguay€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó12€August€1981€Ð Ü, ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€.admissibility:€óó31€March€1983€óóÐ ¨ø ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€onÐ Zª ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights:€Ð @ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€29€March€1984;€Ð  \ ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€R.25/110€submitted€to€theÐ Ø( ÐCommittee€by€Antonio€Ô_ÔVianaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔAcostaÔ_Ô€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€InternationalÐ ¾ ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights;€Ð ¤ô ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theÐ p!À  Ðcommunication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned;€Ð V"¦! ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð "$r# ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ Ô&$"& ÐÓlÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€12€August€1981€and€furtherÐ †)Ö$) Ðsubmissions€dated€26€October€1981,€27€September€1982€and€11€June€and€22€NovemberÐ l*¼%* Ð1983)€is€a€Uruguayan€national,€residing€at€present€in€Sweden.€He€submits€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðcommunication€on€his€own€behalf.€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ð2.1€The€author€(born€on€30€October€1949)€describes€the€background€to€the€case€as€follows.Ð ° ÐBetween€1969€and€1971€when€he€worked€for€Senator€Ô_ÔZelmarÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMicheliniÔ_Ô€of€the€UruguayanÐ –æ Ð.opposition€party€òòÔ_ÔFrenteÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔAmplioÔ_Ô€óóhe€was€arrested€several€times€on€the€suspicion€of€associationÐ |Ì Ðwith€subversive€movements€but€no€charges€were€ever€retained€against€him.€After€the€defeatÐ b² Ðof€Senator€Ô_ÔMicheliniÔ_Ô's€party€in€the€elections€of€November€1971,€he€left€Uruguay€with€hisÐ H˜ Ðfamily€for€Buenos€Aires,€Argentina.€He€continued€to€work€for€Ô_ÔZelmarÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMicheliniÔ_Ô,€mostly€asÐ . ~ Ða€Journalist.€Ð  d ÐÌ2.2€The€author€alleges€that€on€24€February€1974€he€was€Ô_ÔkidnappedÔ_Ô€by€a€Joint€Uruguayan„Ð à 0 ÐArgentinian€commando€at€his€home€in€Buenos€Aires,€Argentina.€After€having€been€subjectedÐ Æ   Ðto€severe€torture€at€several€places€of€detention€and€interrogated€with€a€view€to€making€himÐ ¬ ü  Ðadmit€that€he€had€been€involved€in€the€activities€of€the€Argentinian€Ô_ÔERPÔ_Ô€òò(Ô_ÔEjercitoÔ_ÔÐ ’â  ÐÔ_ÔRevolucionarioÔ_Ô€del€Pueblo)€óóand€the€Uruguayan€Ô_ÔMLNÔ_Ô€òò(Ô_ÔMovimientoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔLiberacionÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔNacionalÔ_Ô,Ð xÈ  ÐóóÔ_ÔTupamarosÔ_Ô)€he€was€brought€on€4€April€1974€to€the€Metropolitan€Airport€of€Buenos€Aires,Ð ^®  Ðwhere€he€met€his€family.€They€were€put€on€a€regular€flight€to€Montevideo,€Uruguay.Ð D”  ÐMembers€of€the€Uruguayan€police€were€waiting€for€them€at€Ô_ÔCarrascoÔ_Ô€Airport€and€they€wereÐ *z  Ðtaken€to€police€headquarters.€Ð ` ÐÌ2.3€The€author€claims€to€have€been€held€at€the€following€detention€places€in€Uruguay:Ð Ü, ÐòòÔ_ÔBatallonÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔInfanteriaÔ_Ô€No.€12,€óówhere€he€allegedly€was€tortured€for€two€months€in€1974,€andÐ Â ÐòòÔ_ÔBatallonÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔInfanteriaÔ_Ô€No.€11,€óówhere€he€was€also€subjected€to€torture€of€which€he€gives€aÐ ¨ø Ðdetailed€description.€On€23€December€1974€he€was€taken€to€Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô€prison,€where€heÐ ŽÞ Ðremained€until€his€"advanced€release"€on€13€February€1981.€On€24€October€1974€he€wasÐ tÄ Ðbrought€before€a€judge€to€be€indicted.€Subsequently€his€wife€was€released.€The€backgroundÐ Zª Ðto€the€case,€as€described€above,€relates€to€events€said€to€have€taken€place€prior€to€the€entryÐ @ Ðinto€force€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€for€Uruguay€on€23Ð &v ÐMarch€1976.€Ð  \ ÐÌ2.4€On€26€April€1976€the€author€was€taken€before€a€military€tribunal€of€first€instanceÐ Ø( Ðòò(Ô_ÔJuzgadoÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMilitarÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔPrimeraÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔInstanciaÔ_Ô,€5€Ô_ÔTurnoÔ_Ô).€óóThere€he€replied€to€a€questionnaire€preparedÐ ¾ Ðby€his€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€lawyer,€Dra.€Maria€Elena€Martinez€Ô_ÔSalgueiroÔ_Ô.€The€military€judge,€ColonelÐ ¤ô ÐEduardo€Silva,€listened€to€his€replies€but€no€witnesses€were€heard.€The€author€then€was€takenÐ Š Ú Ðback€to€Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô€prison€and€held€there€incommunicado.€His€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€lawyer€was€informedÐ p!À  Ðtwo€weeks€later€that€he€indeed€was€at€Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô€prison€but€that€no€visits€were€allowed.€BeforeÐ V"¦! Ðthe€tribunal€of€first€instance€the€author€was€charged€with€subversive€association€andÐ <#Œ" Ðsentenced€to€seven€years'€imprisonment.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ2.5€On€18€April€1977€the€author€was€taken€before€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€and€newÐ î%>!% Ðcharges€were€brought€against€him,€such€as€attempting€to€subvert€the€Constitution€at€the€levelÐ Ô&$"& Ðof€conspiracy€followed€by€preparatory€acts,€possession€of€arms€and€explosives€and€use€ofÐ º' #' Ðfalse€identity€papers.€On€that€date€the€author€was€sentenced€to€14€years'€imprisonment.€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ2.6€The€author€states€that€both€his€first€and€second€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€lawyers,€Dr.€Martinez€Ô_ÔSalgueiroÔ_ÔÐ l*¼%* Ðand€Dra.€Ô_ÔSusanaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔAndreasonÔ_Ô,€had€to€renounce€his€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€in€1976€and€later€to€leave€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðcountry.€Before€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€the€author€had€to€accept€a€military€òòex€officioÐ 8,ˆ', Ðóócounsel,€Colonel€Otto€Ô_ÔGilomenÔ_Ô,€although€a€civilian€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€lawyer,€Jose€Ô_ÔKorsenakÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔFuksÔ_Ô,€wasÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ôready€to€take€up€his€defence.€Ð ° ÐÌ2.7€The€author€alleges€that€in€1976€he€was€subjected€to€psychiatric€experiments€(giving€theÐ |Ì Ðname€of€the€doctor)€and€that€for€three€years,€against€his€will,€he€was€injected€withÐ b² Ðtranquilizers€every€two€weeks.€He€alleges€in€this€connection€that€in€May€1976€when€he€putÐ H˜ Ðup€resistance€to€the€injections,€Captain€X€(name€is€given)€ordered€a€group€of€soldiers€toÐ . ~ Ðsubdue€him€forcibly€in€order€to€inject€the€drug€and€that€he€was€subsequently€heldÐ  d Ðincommunicado€in€a€punishment€cell€for€45€days.€He€further€claims,€without€providing€anyÐ ú J Ðdetail,€that€on€14€and€15€April€1977€he€was€interrogated€and€subjected€to€torture€at€LibertadÐ à 0 Ðprison,€that€on€22€November€1978€he€was€again€subjected€to€torture€(giving€the€names€of€hisÐ Æ   Ðtorturers€in€both€instances),€that€he€started€a€hunger€strike€protesting€against€this€ill„treatmentÐ ¬ ü  Ðand€that€in€retaliation€he€was€held€incommunicado€in€a€punishment€cell€for€45€days€withoutÐ ’â  Ðany€medical€attention.€He€claims€that€in€April€1980€he€was€again€held€incommunicadoÐ xÈ  Ðbecause€he€had€spoken€with€members€of€the€International€Red€Cross€visiting€Libertad€prison.Ð ^®  ÐThe€author€lists€the€names€of€several€Uruguayan€officials€who€allegedly€practised€torture.€Ð D”  ÐÌ2.8€The€author€states€that€he€was€released€on€13€February€1981€under€the€regime€ofÐ ` Ð"advanced€release",€that€he€had€to€report€every€day€to€a€particular€unit€and€that€he€did€soÐ öF Ðfrom€13€February€up€to€14€April€1981€when€he€went€to€Brazil.€He€states€that€his€familyÐ Ü, Ðcontinues€to€be€subjected€to€harassment€in€Uruguay.€Ð  ÐÌ2.9€With€regard€to€the€question€of€admissibility,€the€author€states€that€he€has€not€submittedÐ ŽÞ Ðhis€case€to€another€procedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement.€He€further€allegesÐ tÄ Ðthat,€because€of€the€state€of€lawlessness€prevailing€in€Uruguay€with€regard€to€cases€submittedÐ Zª Ðto€military€jurisdiction,€there€are€no€further€domestic€remedies€which€could€be€invoked.€Ð @ ÐÌ2.10€The€author€claims€that€he€is€a€victim€of€violations€of€articles€7,€8,€9,€10€(paras.€1,€2€andÐ  \ Ð3),€12,€14,€16,€17,€18,€19€(paras.€1€and€2),€21,€22,€25€and€26€of€the€International€CovenantÐ òB Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð Ø( ÐÌ3.€By€its€decision€of€16€March€1982€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ ¤ô Ðdecided€to€transmit€the€communication€under€rule€91€of€the€Committee's€provisional€rulesÐ Š Ú Ðof€procedure€to€the€State€party€concerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevantÐ p!À  Ðto€the€question€of€admissibility€of€the€communication.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ4.€By€a€note€dated€18€August€1982€the€State€party€informed€the€Committee€that€theÐ "$r# ÐGovernment€of€Uruguay€wished€to€state€that,€in€view€of€article€1€of€the€Optional€ProtocolÐ %X $ Ðto€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€which€provides€that€a€State€partyÐ î%>!% Ðto€the€Covenant€recognizes€the€competence€of€the€Committee€to€receive€and€considerÐ Ô&$"& Ðcommunications€"from€individuals€subject€to€its€jurisdiction",€it€considered€theÐ º' #' Ðcommunication€in€question€to€be€inadmissible.€Mr.€Viana€Acosta€was€not€entitled€to€requestÐ  (ð#( Ðthe€implementation€of€the€machinery€provided€for€in€the€Covenant€because,€once€he€wasÐ †)Ö$) Ðunconditionally€released€on€5€April€1981,€he€left€the€country€to€live€abroad€and€he€wasÐ l*¼%* Ðtherefore€not€subject€to€the€jurisdiction€of€the€Uruguayan€State.€The€Government€of€UruguayÐ R+¢&+ Ðnevertheless€wished€to€explain€that€the€author€of€the€communication€was€not€a€"politicalÐ 8,ˆ', Ðprisoner"€but,€rather€a€common€criminal€who€was€connected€with€the€seditious€"Tupamaros"Ð -n(- Ðmovement€and€was€tried€for€the€offence€of€"aiding€and€abetting€a€conspiracy€to€subvert".€Ð ° ÐÌ5.€Commenting€on€the€State€party's€submission,€the€author€argued,€in€his€letter€of€27Ð |Ì ÐSeptember€1982,€that€it€was€impossible€for€him€to€submit€the€communication€from€his€ownÐ b² Ðcountry,€since€no€individual€guarantees€existed€there.€Ð H˜ ÐÌ6.€When€discussing€the€admissibility€of€the€communication€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ  d Ðobserved€that€the€events€complained€of€allegedly€occurred€in€Uruguay€while€the€author€wasÐ ú J Ðsubject€to€the€jurisdiction€of€Uruguay.€The€Committee€recalled€that,€by€virtue€of€article€2,Ð à 0 Ðparagraph€1€of€the€Covenant,€each€State€party€undertakes€to€respect€and€to€ensure€to€"allÐ Æ   Ðindividuals€within€its€territory€and€subject€to€its€jurisdiction"€the€rights€recognized€in€theÐ ¬ ü  ÐCovenant.€Article€1€of€the€Optional€Protocol€was€clearly€intended€to€apply€to€individualsÐ ’â  Ðsubject€to€the€jurisdiction€of€the€State€party€concerned€at€the€time€of€the€alleged€violation€ofÐ xÈ  Ðthe€Covenant.€This€was€manifestly€the€object€and€purpose€of€article€1.€Ð ^®  ÐÌ7.€On€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it,€the€Committee€found€that€it€was€not€precludedÐ *z  Ðby€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€of€the€Optional€Protocol€from€considering€the€communication,Ð ` Ðas€there€was€no€indication€that€the€same€matter€had€been€submitted€to€another€procedure€ofÐ öF Ðinternational€investigation€or€settlement.€The€Committee€was€also€unable€to€conclude€thatÐ Ü, Ðin€the€circumstances€of€this€case€there€were€effective€remedies€available€to€the€alleged€victimÐ Â Ðwhich€he€had€failed€to€exhaust.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€found€that€the€communicationÐ ¨ø Ðwas€not€inadmissible€under€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ8.€On€31€March€1983,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€òòdecided:óó€Ð Zª ÐÌ1.€That€the€communication€was€admissible€in€so€far€as€it€related€to€events€which€allegedlyÐ &v Ðcontinued€or€took€place€after€23€March€1976,€the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€and€theÐ  \ ÐOptional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Uruguay;€Ð òB ÐÌ2.€That€the€author€be€requested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€weeks€of€the€date€ofÐ ¾ Ðtransmittal€of€this€decision,€further,€more€precise€information€(together€with€any€relevantÐ ¤ô Ðmedical€reports)€concerning€the€psychiatric€experiments€to€which€he€alleged€that€he€wasÐ Š Ú Ðsubjected€(see€para.€2.7€above);€Ð p!À  ÐÌ3.€That€any€information€received€from€the€author€be€transmitted€as€soon€as€possible€to€theÐ <#Œ" ÐState€party€to€enable€it€to€take€such€information€into€account€in€the€preparation€of€itsÐ "$r# Ðsubmission€under€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol;€Ð %X $ ÐÌ4.€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€partyÐ Ô&$"& Ðbe€requested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€transmittal€to€itÐ º' #' Ðof€this€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€ifÐ  (ð#( Ðany,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it;€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ5.€That€the€State€party€be€informed€that€the€written€explanations€or€statements€submitted€byÐ R+¢&+ Ðit€under€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol€must€relate€primarily€to€the€substanceÐ 8,ˆ', Ðof€the€matter€under€consideration.€The€Committee€stressed€that,€in€order€to€perform€itsÐ -n(- Ðresponsibilities,€it€required€specific€responses€to€the€allegations€which€had€been€made€by€theÐ ° Ðauthor€of€the€communication,€and€the€State€party's€explanations€of€the€actions€taken€by€it.Ð –æ ÐThe€State€party€was€requested,€in€this€connection,€to€enclose€copies€of€any€court€orders€orÐ |Ì Ðdecisions€of€relevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration.€Ð b² ÐÌ9.€By€a€note€dated€5€April€1983,€the€Government€of€Uruguay€repeated€"what€it€stated€in€theÐ . ~ Ðreply€given€to€the€Committee€in€its€note€dated€18€August€1982€concerning€the€same€case"Ð  d Ð(see€para.€4€above).€Ð ú J ÐÌ10.€In€a€letter€dated€11€June€1983€the€author€regrets€not€being€able€to€provide€the€CommitteeÐ Æ   Ðwith€the€requested€precise€information€concerning€the€psychiatric€experiments€he€allegedlyÐ ¬ ü  Ðhad€been€subjected€to€during€his€detention.€He€explains€that€all€information€of€this€kindÐ ’â  Ðremained€in€the€hands€of€the€doctors,€some€of€whom€he€identifies€by€name,€who€belongedÐ xÈ  Ðto€the€military€health€establishment€in€Uruguay.€He€repeats€his€earlier€allegations€that€everyÐ ^®  Ðfortnight€for€more€than€three€years€he€was€injected€against€his€will€with€a€psychotropic€drug.Ð D”  ÐHe€claims€that€the€doctors€stopped€administering€the€drug€after€he€had€informed€the€ChiefÐ *z  Ðof€the€Red€Cross€mission€which€visited€Libertad€prison€in€April€1980.€The€author€alleges€thatÐ ` Ðno€competent€medical€supervision€was€exercised€when€the€drug€was€administered€to€him€andÐ öF Ðhe€lists€in€this€connection€several€members€of€the€Armed€Forces€Health€Corps,€whoÐ Ü, Ðallegedly€collaborated€in€the€psychological€and€physical€destruction€of€detainees.€He€furtherÐ Â Ðcompletes€his€earlier€list€of€names€of€Uruguayan€officials€having€allegedly€practised€tortureÐ ¨ø Ð(see€para.€2.7€above),€mentioning€a€total€of€62€names.€He€also€encloses€two€medical€reports,Ð ŽÞ Ðone€from€a€Brazilian€doctor€dated€16€June€1981€and€one€from€a€Swedish€hospital€coveringÐ tÄ Ðthe€period€29€September€to€18€December€1981.€In€the€first€medical€report€it€is€stated€òòinterÐ Zª Ðalia€óóthat€"...€examination€reveals€...€a€number€of€scars€on€the€fists,€ankles,€penis€and€glutealÐ @ Ðregion,€caused€by€electric€shocks".€Ð &v ÐÌ11.€In€its€submissions€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€dated€27€September€andÐ òB Ð4€October€1983,€the€State€party€reiterates€its€views€previously€expressed€to€the€CommitteeÐ Ø( Ð(see€para.€4€above).€Ð ¾ ÐÌ12.€Commenting€on€the€State€party's€submissions,€the€author€in€a€letter€dated€22€NovemberÐ Š Ú Ð1983€points€out€that€the€Government€of€Uruguay,€despite€the€Committee's€requests,€hasÐ p!À  Ðfailed€to€respond€in€substance€and€to€provide€the€Committee€with€copies€of€court€orders€orÐ V"¦! Ðdecisions€of€relevance€to€his€case.€He€further€disputes€the€State€party's€contention€that€he€wasÐ <#Œ" Ð"unconditionally"€released.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ13.1€The€Committee€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts€which€have€been€eitherÐ î%>!% Ðessentially€confirmed€by€the€State€party€or€are€uncontested€except€for€denials€of€a€generalÐ Ô&$"& Ðcharacter€offering€no€particular€information€or€explanation.€However,€it€follows€from€theÐ º' #' ÐCommittee's€decision€on€the€admissibility€of€the€communication€that€the€claims€relating€toÐ  (ð#( Ðevents€said€to€have€taken€place€before€23€March€1976€(see€paras.€2.1,€2.2€and€2.3€above)€areÐ †)Ö$) Ðinadmissible€for€the€purpose€of€any€finding€by€the€Committee.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ13.2€Antonio€Viana€Acosta€was€seized€by€a€joint€Uruguayan„Argentinian€commando€on€24Ð 8,ˆ', ÐFebruary€1974€at€his€home€in€Buenos€Aires,€Argentina,€and€was€flown€on€4€April€1974€toÐ -n(- ÐUruguay,€where€he€was€detained€in€custody.€He€was€subsequently€held€at€various€places€ofÐ ° Ðdetention€in€Uruguay€until€23€December€1974€when€he€was€taken€to€Libertad€prison€whereÐ –æ Ðhe€remained€until€his€release€from€prison€on€13€February€1981.€On€26€April€1976€he€wasÐ |Ì Ðtaken€before€a€military€tribunal€of€first€instance€where€he€replied€to€a€questionnaire€preparedÐ b² Ðby€his€defence€lawyer€in€the€presence€of€a€judge.€He€was€thereafter€taken€back€to€LibertadÐ H˜ Ðprison€and.€held€incommunicado€for€several€weeks.€He€was€charged€with€subversiveÐ . ~ Ðassociation€and€sentenced€by€the€military€tribunal€of€first€instance€to€seven€years'Ð  d Ðimprisonment.€On€18€April€1977,€Antonio€Viana€Acosta€was€brought€before€the€SupremeÐ ú J ÐMilitary€Tribunal€where€new€charges€were€brought€against€him.€He€was€forced€to€accept€aÐ à 0 Ðmilitary€òòex„officio€óócounsel,€Colonel€Otto€Gilomen,€although€a€civilian€defence€lawyer,€JoseÐ Æ   ÐKorsenak€Fuks,€was€ready€to€take€up€his€defence.€He€was€sentenced€to€14€years'Ð ¬ ü  Ðimprisonment.€On€three€occasions,€one€starting€in€May€1976,€one€in€November€1978€and€oneÐ ’â  Ðin€April€1980,€he€was€held€incommunicado€in€a€punishment€cell.€He€was€released€fromÐ xÈ  Ðdetention€on€13€February€1981.€On€14€April€1981€he€left€Uruguay.€Ð ^®  ÐÌ14.€Concerning€the€author's€allegations€of€torture,€the€Committee€notes€that€the€periods€ofÐ *z  Ðtorture,€except€for€14€and€15€April€1977€and€22€November€1978,€(see€para.€2.7€above)Ð ` Ðoccurred€before€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€thereto€forÐ öF ÐUruguay,€and€that€regarding€torture€alleged€to€have€occurred€after€23€March€1976€no€detailsÐ Ü, Ðhave€been€provided€by€the€author.€These€allegations€are€therefore,€in€the€opinion€of€theÐ Â ÐCommittee,€unsubstantiated.€Nevertheless,€the€information€before€the€Committee€evidencesÐ ¨ø Ðthat€Antonio€Viana€Acosta€was€subjected€to€inhuman€treatment.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ15.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ Zª ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€the€facts€as€foundÐ @ Ðby€the€Committee,€in€so€far€as€they€continued€or€occurred€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€onÐ &v Ðwhich€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Uruguay),€discloseÐ  \ Ðviolations€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€with€respect€to:€Ð òB ÐÌ„€articles€7€and€10€(1)€because€Antonio€Viana€Acosta€was€subjected€to€inhuman€treatment;€Ð ¾ ÐÌ„€article€14€(3)€(b)€and€(d)€because€before€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€he€did€not€haveÐ Š Ú Ðcounsel€of€his€own€choosing;€Ð p!À  ÐÌ„€article€14€(3)€(c)€because€he€was€not€tried€without€undue€delay.€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌ16.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toÐ %X $ Ðprovide€Antonio€Viana€Acosta€with€effective€remedies€and,€in€particular,€with€compensationÐ î%>!% Ðfor€physical€and€mental€injury€and€suffering€caused€to€him€by€the€inhuman€treatment€toÐ Ô&$"& Ðwhich€he€was€subjected.€Ô_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_Ô