ÿWPCƒ Zx,´ú‘HF¨ÝÌ'çní>8Î5ëº?©•|D¬ìrUQ¡/$ùY‚ô„]·<¨¸õ\;Iý×ÝØ™6Œ‚×ðºÀVz-zɳ6šÈÌB:óö'!¹1nûì:Ô:hãòsUO¹èW¯l|+>=óW®}Dö¼çu1‡ý}¾°Õx ó|ñ÷ýè¤cù2Õ¿3ܵ½”8p]~¸“ A³Î(²'—Ò•hÔ’Ì€VfE¾ƒéhywug $Ä#ßVC³?™ƒ±Ù}ñ[6óÚn9h-[QÍPÉ'gÓ˜2Ѷ—n$0ÅæÒ’]׃Х¬³ÌCæéôõðgú¿ÆBÑ'`‰ÑšÑX†¸|õYÍ¡1†ÛM¯ê \¬ äýmè?æÂÅ»ÖtoG²A~øBÏ*R åjgâÓQm¼«G*cu _š=‹W̃’]Bê¨: c}«Õù3öëÝÁÔÑB€›nyõ,Q\ÞZBõ‚Œã$à=>m‡,ë’Z c ¢fÃÎô~;¸•PÇmSÑTĪÖ®üé^Íõ×aäbïhOõâg!Š/É"îü¹æ 'ã=Àóúl„ùûÀ¶}ôÔ68ˆš¨S-tZ—ÞA<¿ÅT5SámU>z̸ 0µ„ 0<9 0Yu 0_Î 0i- 0P–Ææ 0ᬠ0( D+µ AMà - 0Æ= #Á UNÄ %M(ND^ FwR4Vj mlô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Jorge Manera Lluberas v. Uruguay, Communication No. 123/1982 (10 June 1982) (twenty-first 4 1982) (twenty-first "Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2 N$££Ý ƒv;!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xw¯XXXÔÔ€Xw¯XXXw¯ÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(žv;$¡¡ÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XmãXXXÔÔ€XmãXXXmãÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX·†û* Äpì*ê:i¢Ø+00ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒv;!ÝÒÜ°ÒÒÜ°ÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xw¯XXXÔÔ€Xw¯XXXw¯ÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€v.€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€123/1982Ð H˜ ÐÌ6€April€1984Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:€óóGabriel€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€Johnson€on€behalf€of€his€father,€Jorge€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔLluberasÔ_ԀРxÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victim,€óóJorge€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔLluberasÔ_ԀРD”  ÐÌòòState€Party€concerned:€óóUruguay€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:óó€10€June€1982€(date€of€initial€letter)€Ð Ü, ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:€óó25€March€1983€óóÐ ¨ø ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€onÐ Zª ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights:€Ð @ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€6€April€1984;€Ð  \ ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€R.€26/123€submitted€to€theÐ Ø( ÐCommittee€by€Gabriel€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€Johnson€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€InternationalÐ ¾ ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights;€Ð ¤ô ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theÐ p!À  Ðcommunication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned;€Ð V"¦! ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð "$r# ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óóóÐ Ô&$"& ÐÓÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€10€June€1982€and€further€letter€datedÐ †)Ö$) Ð11€February€1983)€is€a€Uruguayan€national,€residing€at€present€in€France.€He€submitted€theÐ l*¼%* Ðcommunication€on€behalf€of€his€father,€Jorge€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔLluberasÔ_Ô,€alleging€that€he€isÐ R+¢&+ Ðimprisoned€in€Uruguay€and€that€he€is€a€victim€of€a€breach€by€Uruguay€of€several€articlesÐ 8,ˆ', Ð(specified€by€the€author)€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð -n(- Ї2.1€The€author€describes€the€background€to€the€case€as€follows:€Jorge€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔLluberasÔ_Ô€(bornÐ ° Ðon€18€November€1929),€a€civil€engineer,€was€a€principal€founder€of€the€Ô_ÔMovimientoÔ_Ô€deÐ –æ ÐÔ_ÔLiberacionÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔNacionalÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔTupamarosÔ_Ô€(Ô_ÔMLNÔ_Ô„T).€Ð |Ì ÐÌ2.2€Jorge€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔLluberasÔ_Ô€was€arrested€in€Uruguay€for€the€third€time€in€July€1972.€He€wasÐ H˜ Ðkept€incommunicado€during€the€first€195€days€of€his€detention€and€allegedly€subjected€toÐ . ~ Ðsevere€torture.€The€author€further€states€that€in€September€1973€his€father€was€transferredÐ  d Ðas€"hostage"€from€Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô€prison€to€the€Ô_ÔBatallonÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔIngenierosÔ_Ô€No.€3€in€Paso€de€los€Ô_ÔTorosÔ_ÔÐ ú J Ðand€he€alleges€that€up€to€the€present€his€father€continues€to€he€held€as€"hostage".€This€statusÐ à 0 Ðhas€caused€him€to€be€transferred€17€times€from€one€prison€to€another,€to€be€detained€underÐ Æ   Ðextremely€harsh€prison€conditions€and€to€live€under€the€continuous€fear€of€being€executedÐ ¬ ü  Ðif€Ô_ÔMLNÔ_Ô„T€takes€any€action.€In€this€connection€the€author€encloses€a€statement€from€ElenaÐ ’â  ÐÔ_ÔCurbeloÔ_Ô,€a€former€hostage.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌ2.3€òòConcerning€the€events€that€took€place€after€1976,€óóthe€author€states€that€from€January€toÐ D”  ÐSeptember€1976€his€father€was€held€at€the€Pavilion€of€Cells€at€the€Ô_ÔBatallonÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔInfanteriaÔ_Ô€No.Ð *z  Ð4€'Colonia".€He€states€that€the€cells€measured€1.60€x€2€m,€that€the€electric€light€wasÐ ` Ðcontinuously€on,€that€the€only€piece€of€furniture€was€a€mattress€provided€at€night€and€thatÐ öF Ðdetainees€had€to€remain€in€the€cells€24€hours€per€day€in€solitary€confinement.€Ð Ü, ÐÌ2.4€From€September€1976€to€August€1977,€Mr.€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€was€held€at€Trinidad€prison.Ð ¨ø ÐConcerning€this€period€of€imprisonment,€two€statements€are€enclosed:€(a)€from€DavidÐ ŽÞ ÐÔ_ÔCamporaÔ_Ô€who€alleges€that€he€was€held€at€Trinidad€from€March€1975€to€August€1977€and€(b)Ð tÄ Ðfrom€Ô_ÔWaldemirÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔPrietoÔ_Ô,€allegedly€held€there€from€June€1976€to€March€1977.€They€both€stateÐ Zª Ðthat€prison€conditions€were€inhuman€(dirty€cells,€without€light,€without€furniture,€extremeÐ @ Ðtemperatures,€very€hot€in€the€summer,€very€cold€in€the€winter,€lack€of€food,€no€medicalÐ &v Ðattention).€In€particular,€they€state€that€Jorge€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€was€in€poor€health€(glaucoma,€infectedÐ  \ Ðtooth)€and€that€he€did€not€receive€adequate€medical€treatment.€They€point€out€that€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô,Ð òB Ðeven€more€than€other€detainees,€was€continuously€subjected€to€harassment€by€the€guards€andÐ Ø( Ðthey€give€the€names€of€several€prison€officials.€For€instance,€they€mention€that€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô's€cellÐ ¾ Ðwas€searched€almost€every€night€by€the€prison€guards.€W.€Ô_ÔPrietoÔ_Ô€adds€that€detainees€wereÐ ¤ô Ðoften€beaten€by€the€guards€without€any€reason€or€subject€to€'Ô_ÔplantonesÔ_Ô'€for€10€to€12€hours.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ2.5€From€August€1977€to€April€1978,€Jorge€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€was€kept€at€the€Ô_ÔRegimientoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔInfanteriaÔ_ÔÐ V"¦! ÐNo.€2€Ô_ÔDuraznoÔ_Ô.€The€author€mentions€that€he€has€no€first„hand€information€(by€formerÐ <#Œ" Ðdetainees)€on€his€father's€conditions€of€imprisonment€for€the€last€five€years.€In€April€1978,Ð "$r# ÐJorge€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€was€transferred€to€Colonia€where€he€remained€until€March€1980.€The€authorÐ %X $ Ðalleges€that€at€Colonia€his€father€was€again€subjected€to€torture,€that€he€was€kept€for€sixÐ î%>!% Ðmonths€in€complete€isolation€and€that€between€May€and€November€1980€he€was€not€allowedÐ Ô&$"& Ðto€sleep€more€than€two€hours€at€a€time.€In€May€1980,€Jorge€Ô_ÔManeraÔ_Ô€was€transferred€to€theÐ º' #' ÐÔ_ÔBatallonÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔIngenierosÔ_Ô€No.€3€in€Paso€de€los€Ô_ÔTorosÔ_Ô€where€he€is€detained€at€present.€The€authorÐ  (ð#( Ðstates€that€his€father€is€kept€24€hours€a€day€in€a€cell€with€electric€light€only,€without€anyÐ †)Ö$) Ðdaylight,€and€that€his€state€of€health€is€extremely€poor.€(He€lists€his€father's€illnesses.)€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ2.6€With€respect€to€the€judicial€proceedings€against€his€father,€the€author€states€that€on€12Ð 8,ˆ', ÐJanuary€1973€his€father€was€brought€before€a€military€judge€and€charged€with€the€followingÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ôoffences:€attempt€to€subvert€the€Constitutions€production,€trading€in€and€storage€of€explosiveÐ ° Ðsubstances;€manslaughter;€association€to€break€the€law€and€escape€from€prison.€He€furtherÐ –æ Ðstates€that€six€years€later,€in€1979,€his€father€was€sentenced€to€the€maximum€penalty€of€30Ð |Ì Ðyears€of€imprisonment€and€15€additional€years€of€precautionary€detention€òò(medidas€deÐ b² Ðseguridad€eliminativas)€óóby€a€military€tribunal€of€first€instance.€The€author€claims€that€hisÐ H˜ Ðfather's€trial€was€not€public€and€that€he€was€not€given.€the€opportunity€to€call€his€ownÐ . ~ Ðwitnesses.€In€his€further€submission€of€11€February€1983,€the€author€mentions€that€his€fatherÐ  d Ðhas€been€sentenced€by€the€court€of€second€instance,€without€giving€further€details.€Ð ú J ÐÌ2.7€Concerning€his€father's€defence,€the€author€alleges€that€from€1969€to€1971€AlejandroÐ Æ   ÐArtucio€defended€Manera;€Dr.€Arturo€Dubra€was€his€second€defence€lawyer;€and€then€inÐ ¬ ü  ÐMarch€1975,€Dr.€Jose€Corbo€became€Manera's€third€defence€lawyer.€In€mid„1977€Dr.€CorboÐ ’â  Ðhad€to€leave€Uruguay.€He€had€never€been€allowed€to€see€his€client.€The€author€encloses€aÐ xÈ  Ðstatement€from€Dr.€Corbo.€The€author€maintains€that€the€present€official€lawyer€assigned€toÐ ^®  Ðhis€father€has€never€done€anything€on€his€behalf.€Ð D”  ÐÌ2.8€The€author€'claims€that€his€father€is€a€victim€of€violations€of€the€following€articles€of€theÐ ` ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights:€of€articles€2€and€26,€because€he€wasÐ öF Ðdiscriminated€against€and€treated€worse€than€a€common€criminal€because€of€his€politicalÐ Ü, Ðideas;€of€article€6,€because€he€is€held€as€a€'hostage'€and€his€life€is€in€danger}€of€articles€7€andÐ Â Ð10,€because€he€has€been€subjected€to€torture,€he€has€been€detained€under€inhuman€prisonÐ ¨ø Ðconditions€and€he€is€denied€proper€medical€attention;€and€of€article€14,€because€he€did€notÐ ŽÞ Ðhave€a€fair€and€public€hearing€by€a€competent,€independent€and€impartial€tribunal€since€aÐ tÄ Ðmilitary€tribunal€does€not€fulfil€these€criteria;€he€was€not€presumed€innocent;€he€could€neverÐ Zª Ðcommunicate€with€counsel€of€his€own€choosing€and€he€had€no€facilities€for€the€preparationÐ @ Ðof€his€defence;€he€was€not€tried€without€undue€delay€and€he€was€denied€the€'opportunity€toÐ &v Ðobtain€the€attendance€and€examination€of€witnesses€on€his€own€behalf€or€to€dispute€theÐ  \ Ðevidence€against€him,€often€obtained€under€torture.€Ð òB ÐÌ2.9€The€author€claims€that€domestic€remedies€have€been€exhausted.€He€maintains€that€theÐ ¾ Ðdomestic€remedies€which€are€provided€for€in€the€Uruguayan€legislation€cannot€protect€hisÐ ¤ô Ðfather,€because€none€of€them€is€allegedly€applicable€in€practice,€if€the€human€rights€violationÐ Š Ú Ðhas€been€committed€by€military€personnel€or€by€members€of€the€police€in€connection€withÐ p!À  ÐState€security€as€interpreted€by€the'€military€forces.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ2.10€The€author€states€that€the€same€matter€is€not€being€examined€under€another€procedureÐ "$r# Ðof€international€investigation€or€settlement.€He€encloses€a€copy€of€a€letter€dated€9€FebruaryÐ %X $ Ð1982€addressed€by€Olga€Johnson€de€Manera€to€the€Executive€Secretary€of€the€Inter„Ð î%>!% ÐAmerican€Commission€on€Human€Rights€(IACHR),€requesting€that€consideration€of€caseÐ Ô&$"& ÐNo.€1872€concerning€Jorge€Manera€Lluberas€should€be€discontinued€before€that€body.€Ð º' #' ÐÌ3.€By€its€decision€of€7€July€1982€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ †)Ö$) Ðdecided€that€the€author€was€justified€in€acting€on€behalf€of€the€alleged€victim'€and€transmittedÐ l*¼%* Ðthe€communication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€to€the€State€partyÐ R+¢&+ Ðconcerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibilityÐ 8,ˆ', Ðof€the€communication.€The€Working€Group€also€requested€the€State€party€to€transmit€to€theÐ -n(- ÐCommittee€any€copies€of€court€decisions€against€Jorge€Manera€Lluberas,€to€give€theÐ ° ÐCommittee€information€on€his€state€of€health€and€to€ensure€that€he€receives€adequate€medicalÐ –æ Ðcare.€Ð |Ì ÐÌ4.€By€a€note€dated€11€October€1982€the€State€party€informed€the€Committee€that,Ð H˜ Ðnotwithstanding€the€fact€that€it€remained€to€be€determined€whether€the€communication€wasÐ . ~ Ðadmissible,€the€Government€of€Uruguay€wished€to€make€the€following€comments€withÐ  d Ðrespect€to€Mr.€Manera€Lluberas:€Ð ú J ÐÌ'This€communication€is€further€proof€that,€even€today,€instead€of€the€truth€about€the€situationÐ Æ   Ðin€Uruguay€gaining€ground,€the€real€situation€remains€unknown,€with€a€distorted€pictureÐ ¬ ü  Ðprevailing€in€the€international€sphere,€where€there€has€been€exploitation€of€manifestly€untrueÐ ’â  Ðand€ill„intentioned€information,€such€as€the€information€which€has€been€used€to€depict€Mr.Ð xÈ  ÐManera€Lluberas€as€a€'victim€of€political€repression'.€Political€opinions€have€not€beenÐ ^®  Ðsuppressed€in€Uruguay;€rather,€steps€have€been€taken€to€punish€criminal€acts€which€are€dulyÐ D”  Ðdefined€in€Uruguayan€law€and€which€have€been€committed€by€those€who€would€replace€theÐ *z  Ðtraditional€means€of€expressing€the€views€and€wishes€of€the€people€through€direct€and€secretÐ ` Ðballoting€in€free€elections€by€organized€violence€which€serves€the€interests€of€groups€that€areÐ öF Ðby€no€means€representative€of€the€people€on€whose€behalf€they€claim€to€be€acting€and€forÐ Ü, Ðwhose€supposed€happiness€they€do€not€shrink€from€committing€outrages€and€heinous€crimes,Ð Â Ðwhich€are€universally€repudiated€in€the€country.€The€declared€'devotion'€of€such€groups€toÐ ¨ø Ðthe€people's€causes€had€not€kept€them€from€attempting€to€create€the€conditions€for€anÐ ŽÞ Ðinsurrection€by€means€of€assault,€robbery,€kidnapping,€murder,€etc.,€crimes€for€which€muchÐ tÄ Ðof€the€blame€belongs€to€Mr.€Manera€Lluberas€in€his€capacity€as€a€leader€of€MLN€Tupamaros.€Ð Zª ÐÌ"Mr.€Manera€Lluberas€is€described€in€the€communication€as€a€'hostage'.€The€Government€ofÐ &v ÐUruguay€rejects€the€use€of€that€term€to€describe€someone€who€has€treacherously€indulged€inÐ  \ Ðthe€kidnapping€of€foreign€diplomats€and€in€depriving€them€of€their€liberty€in€an€attempt€toÐ òB Ðput€pressure€on€the€legitimate€Government€of€the€Republic€in€order€to€attain€his€objectives,Ð Ø( Ðand€has€thereby€jeopardized€the€lives€of€the€human€beings€taken€as€hostages€and€underminedÐ ¾ Ðthe€relations€of€sincere€friendship€and€co„operation€with€countries€which€are€traditionallyÐ ¤ô Ðfriends€of€Uruguay.€Mr.€Manera€Lluberas€is€not€in€any„sense€of€the€term€a€hostage,€since€heÐ Š Ú Ðenjoys€the€same€rights€as€any€other€prisoner.€The€only€circumstance€which€distinguishes€hisÐ p!À  Ðsituation€from€that€of€others€imprisoned€for€crimes€of€subversion€is€that€he€is€being€held€inÐ V"¦! Ða€different€place€of€detention,€a€matter€with€regard€to€which€the€Government€of€UruguayÐ <#Œ" Ðreserves€the€right€of€decision€since€it€falls€exclusively€within€its€domestic€jurisdiction.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ"...€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Uruguay€rejects€the€whole€series€of€accusations€contained€in€theÐ º' #' Ðcommunication,€such€as€the€allegations€of€torture€and€ill„treatment,€failure€to€provideÐ  (ð#( Ðmedical€care,€inadequate€food,€lack€of€medicines€and€so€on.€It€should€be€emphasized€in€thisÐ †)Ö$) Ðconnection€that€Mr.€Manera€Lluberas,€like€all€prisoners,€is€subjected€to€periodic€medicalÐ l*¼%* Ðexaminations€and€that,€in€the€specific€case€of€the€urinary€infection€and€bilateral€lumbarÐ R+¢&+ Ðmyalgia€from€which€he€has€recently€suffered,€he€was€given€adequate€medical€care€and€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðnecessary€medicines€by€the€official€health€services;€he€is€at€present€in€good€health.€Ð -n(- Ї"The€author€of€the€communication€has€resorted€to€false€evidence€to€assemble€a€set€ofÐ ° Ðtruthless€accusations€with€the€aim€of€compiling€a€document€that,€by€its€excessive€length,Ð –æ Ðwould€impress€the€Committee€and€lead€it€astray€in€its€decisions.€Moreover,€the€similaritiesÐ |Ì Ðbetween€paragraphs€contained€in€the€communication€to€which€this€reply€relates€andÐ b² Ðexpressions€used€in€other€communications€provide€clear€proof€of€the€existence€of€anÐ H˜ Ðapparatus€which€has€been€established€for€the€sole€purpose€of€drawing€up€complaints€to€beÐ . ~ Ðsubmitted€for€the€consideration€of€relevant€international€organizations."€Ð  d ÐÌ5.€Commenting€on€the€State€party's€submission,€the€author€reiterates,€in€his€letter€of€11Ð à 0 ÐFebruary€1983,€that€his€father€has€been€subjected€to€torture€and€inhuman€treatment€for€theÐ Æ   Ðlast€10€years,€that€his€trial€of€both€first€and€second€instance€were€a€travesty€of€justice€and€thatÐ ¬ ü  Ðhis€father€received€the€inhuman€sentence€of€45€years'€imprisonment.€The€author€furtherÐ ’â  Ðalleges€that€because€of€his€father's€status€as€"hostage"€he€has€been€kept€incommunicado€fromÐ xÈ  Ðtime€to€time€and€this€has€amounted€to€approximately€21€months€during€which€his€relativesÐ ^®  Ðcould€not€visit€him.€The€author€also€argues€that€the€State€party€"confirmed"€in€fact€that€hisÐ D”  Ðfather€is€held€in€solitary€confinement€since€it€has€admitted€that€he€was€being€held€"in€aÐ *z  Ðdifferent€place€of€detention".€The€author€informed€the€Committee€that€since€June€1982€(theÐ ` Ðdate€of€his€initial€letter)€his€father's€state€of€health€has€deteriorated.€In€particular€he€states€thatÐ öF Ðowing€to€inadequate€medical€attention€and€lack€of€medicines€his€father€was€urgently€takenÐ Ü, Ðto€the€Central€Hospital€of€the€Armed€Forces€in€December€1982€to€be€operated€on€again.€TheÐ Â Ðauthor,€who€has€often€referred€in€his€submission€to€the€views€adopted€by€the€Human€RightsÐ ¨ø ÐCommittee€in€the€case€of€Raul€Sendic€(R.14/63),€explains€that€he€does€so€mainly€becauseÐ ŽÞ Ðboth€of€them€are€considered€as€"hostages"€and€because€he€wishes€to€rely€on€the€jurisprudenceÐ tÄ Ðof€the€Human€Rights€Committee.€Ð Zª ÐÌ6.1€The€Committee€has€noted€that€the€observations€submitted€by€the€State€party€on€11Ð &v ÐOctober€1982€did€not€affect€the€question€of€the€admissibility€of€the€communication€underÐ  \ Ðthe€terms€Of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð òB ÐÌ6.2€On€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it,€the€Committee€found€that€it€was€not€precludedÐ ¾ Ðby€article€5€(2)€(a)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€from€considering€the€communication,€as€the€caseÐ ¤ô Ðsubmitted€to€IACHR€on€behalf€of€Jorge€Manera€had€been€withdrawn€and€the€same€matterÐ Š Ú Ðwas€not€being€examined€under€any€other€procedure€of€international€investigation€orÐ p!À  Ðsettlement.€The€Committee€was€also€unable€to€conclude€that€in€the€circumstances€of€this€caseÐ V"¦! Ðthere€were€effective€remedies€available€to€the€alleged€victim€which€he€had€failed€to€exhaust.Ð <#Œ" ÐAccordingly,€the€Committee€found€that€the€communication€was€not€inadmissible€underÐ "$r# Ðarticle€5€(2)€(b)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð %X $ ÐÌ7.€On€25€March€1983,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€òòdecided:óó€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ1.€That€the€communication€was€admissible€in€so€far€as€it€related€to€events€which€all€godlyÐ  (ð#( Ðcontinued€or€took€place€after€23€March€1976,€the€date€on€which€the€Covenant€and€theÐ †)Ö$) ÐOptional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Uruguay;€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ2.€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€be€requestedÐ 8,ˆ', Ðto€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€transmittal€to€it€of€this€decision,Ð -n(- Ðwritten€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€if€any,€that€mayÐ ° Ðhave€been€taken€by€it;€Ð –æ ÐÌ3.€That€the€State€party€be€informed€that€the€written€explanations€or€statements€submitted€byÐ b² Ðit€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€must€relate€primarily€to€the€substance€of€theÐ H˜ Ðmatter€under€consideration.€The€Committee€stressed€that€in€order€to€perform€itsÐ . ~ Ðresponsibilities,€it€required€specific€responses€to€the€allegations€which€had€been€made€by€theÐ  d Ðauthor€of€the€communication,€and€the€State€party's€explanations€of€the€actions€taken€by€it.Ð ú J ÐThe€observations€contained€in€the€State€party's€note€of€11€October€1982,€to€the€extent€thatÐ à 0 Ðit€contained€only€refutations€of€these€allegations€in€general€terms,€were€deemed€insufficientÐ Æ   Ðfor€this€purpose;€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ4.€That€the€State€party€again€be€requested€to€furnish€the€Committee€with€(a)€information€onÐ xÈ  Ðthe€present€state€of€health€of€Jorge€Manera€and€(b)€copies€of€any€court€decisions€takenÐ ^®  Ðagainst€Jorge€Manera,€including€the€decision€of€the€military€court€of€first€and€secondÐ D”  Ðinstance.€Ð *z  ÐÌ8.1€By€a€note€dated€9€June€1983,€the€Government€of€Uruguay€reiterates€what€it€had€statedÐ öF Ðin€its€submission€of€11€October€1982.€Regarding€the€state€of€health€of€Mr.€Manera,€the€StateÐ Ü, Ðparty€adds€that€Ð  ÐÌ"on€27€December€1982€an€internal€urethrotomy€was€performed€on€him,€with€satisfactoryÐ ŽÞ Ðresults.€It€is€intended€to€check€his€condition€by€means€of€a€urethrocystoscopy€to€be€carriedÐ tÄ Ðout€by€the€urological€service€of€the€Armed€Forces€Central€Hospital.€He€is€also€being€treatedÐ Zª Ðfor€lumbalgia,€which€has€responded€to€oral€medication."€Ð @ ÐÌ8.2€The€time„limit€for€the€State€party's€submission€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€OptionalÐ  \ ÐProtocol€expired€on€28€October€1983.€The€Committee€has€not€received€any€furtherÐ òB Ðexplanations€or€specific€responses€to€the€author's€allegations,€as€requested€in€operativeÐ Ø( Ðparagraph€3€of€the€Committee's€decision€on€admissibility.€Moreover,€the€State€party€has€notÐ ¾ Ðfurnished€the€Committee€with€copies€of€any€relevant€court€decisions,€as€requested€inÐ ¤ô Ðoperative€paragraph€4€of€the€decision€on€admissibility.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ8.3€No€further€submissions€have€been€received€from€the€author.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ9.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€having€examined€the€present€communication€in€the€lightÐ "$r# Ðof€all€the€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties€as€provided€in€article€5€(1)€of€theÐ %X $ ÐOptional€Protocol,€hereby€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts,€which€appearÐ î%>!% Ðuncontested,€except€for€denials€of€a€general€character€offering€no€particular€information€orÐ Ô&$"& Ðexplanations.€Ð º' #' ÐÌ9.2€Jorge€Manera€Lluberas€was€a€civil€engineer€and€a€principal€founder€of€the€MovimientoÐ †)Ö$) Ðde€Liberacion€Nacional„Tupamaros€(MLT„T).€He€was€arrested€in€July€1972;€from€JanuaryÐ l*¼%* Ðto€September€1976€he€was€held€at€the€Pavilion€of€Cells€at€the€Batallon€de€Infanteria€No.€4Ð R+¢&+ Ð'Colonia',€where€cells€measure€1.60€x€2€m,€electric€lights€were€kept€continuously€on,€the€onlyÐ 8,ˆ', Ðpiece€of€furniture€was€a€mattress€provided€at€nights€and€where€detainees€had€to€remain€in€theÐ -n(- Ðcells€24€hours€per€day€in€Solitary€confinement.€From€September€1976€to€August€1977€he€wasÐ ° Ðheld€at€Trinidad€prison,€where€prison€conditions€were€described€by€two€witnesses€as€beingÐ –æ Ðcharacterized€by€dirty€cells€without€light,€without€furniture,€very€hot€in€the€summer€and€veryÐ |Ì Ðcold€in€the€winter.€In€April€1978,€he€was€transferred€to€Colonia,€where€he€was€kept€inÐ b² Ðcomplete€isolation€for€six€months;€in€May€1980€he€was€transferred€to€the€Batallon€deÐ H˜ ÐIngenieros€No.€3,€were€he€is€detained€at€present.€Ð . ~ ÐÌ9.3€Mr.€Manera€was€indicted€on€12€January€1973.€Six€years€later,€in€1979,€he€was€sentencedÐ ú J Ðto€the€maximum€penalty€of€30€years'€imprisonment€and€15€additional€years€of€precautionaryÐ à 0 Ðdetention€òò(medidas€de€seguridad€eliminativas)€óóby€a€military€tribunal€of€first€instances€he€wasÐ Æ   Ðsubsequently€sentenced€by€the€court€of€second€instance.€From€March€1975€to€mid€1977€Mr.Ð ¬ ü  ÐManera€was€not€allowed€to€see€his€defence€lawyer.€Ð ’â  ÐÌ10.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ ^®  ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€the€facts€as€foundÐ D”  Ðby€the€Committee,€in€so€far€as€they€continued€or€occurred€after€23€March€1976€(the€date€onÐ *z  Ðwhich€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Uruguay),€discloseÐ ` Ðviolations€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€particularly€of:€Ð öF ÐÌ„€Article€10€(1),€because€Jorge€Manera€Lluberas€has€not€been€treated€with€humanity€and€withÐ Â Ðrespect€for€the€inherent€dignity€of€the€human€person;€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ„€Article€14€(3)€(b),€because€he€was€not€allowed€adequate€facilities€to€communicate€with€hisÐ tÄ Ðcounsel;€Ð Zª ÐÌ„€Article€14€(3)€(c),€because€he€was€not€tried€without€undue€delay.€Ð &v ÐÌ11.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toÐ òB Ðprovide€Jorge€Manera€Lluberas€with€effective€remedies€and,€in€particular,€to€ensure€that€heÐ Ø( Ðis€treated€with€humanity,€and€to€transmit€a€copy€of€these€views€to€him.€