’WPCƒ įX&²ó!*SóQØāD qų#½y±P©Rž”ų^™6 !„Źh¶’ž€ Ę Vr ¼| ę.G35õ{3H…`Ŗ3$¤‹ō#ļąĻ™Aķ›YœÅµvRMI;#EwÅ<w—ĖĻ’Ł Ä)]g Z²ų >d!—[ßF¾É¾ü6ÜN²źš“EĘw”?™Łńaėß~Źfüv †COP źG7C ¶ŗż¬2ŹāŲĀĶ×¹^w nIõ B9DÖnÕ["N ĪX ׿cĢrg UŻß^ Däx%üb·“ć"D`„‘o’é»b÷ĀŸœ¶ ś¦[Ņ/āӋ e»\9^$āōx£›cƒ‚ŚļOØ0šėź™;š­®sł-i>»›”¤Ż?É>Ų™Efh•Å÷žµū²䏵>Ś9Ü­8GhW{x¦Ü%ęÜŻ‘nŽtV×¢@w)¼Ū Ś’†]CžÓ!gZĘ­sU>zĢø 0µ„ 0<9 0Yu 0_Ī 0i- 0P–Ęę 0į¬ 0( D+µ AMą - 0Ę= #Į UNÄ %M(ND^ FwR4Vj mlō\  `‹&Times New Roman' Teresa Gomez de Voituret v. Uruguay, Communication No. 109/1981 (17 August 1981) (twenty-f4ugust 1981) (twenty-f"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ’’4Heading 3Ō S ŌÓ p^SÓŌ€£££Ōņ ņŌ  ŌŌ  ŌŌ€XXXŌó óÓ p^SÓ<’’:Default Para6’’4HyperlinkóóņņŌ ’ ŌóóŌ  Ō<’’:FollowedHypeóóņņŌ  ŌóóŌ  Ō< ’’:Normal (Web)Ō S ŌÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0’’.Strongņ ņŌ  Ōó óŌ  Ō Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2’K$££Ż ƒö*!ŻŅÜ°ŅŅÜ°ŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XlXXXŌŌ€XlXXXlŌŌŌŻ  Ż(’’$’’'dxd A<< c’’#|x(žö*$””ŅÜ°ŅŅÜ°ŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XmĖXXXŌŌ€XmĖXXXmĖŌŌŌ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ČhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXą†ū* Äpģ*c(„³Corel’U‹’ĄĄĄŻ ƒö*!ŻŅÜ°ŅŅÜ°ŅŌ..ŌŌ  ŌŌ  ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XlXXXŌŌ€XlXXXlŌŌŌŻ  ŻŌ_Ōņ ņHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEŠ ° ŠĢņņde€Ō_ŌVoituretŌ_Ō€v.€UruguayóóŠ |Ģ ŠĢCommunication€No.€109/1981Š H˜ ŠĢ10€April€1984Š  d ŠĢĢVIEWSó óŠ Ę   ŠĢĢņņņņSubmitted€by:€óóMaria€Dolores€Perez€de€Gomez€Š xČ  ŠĢņņAlleged€victim:€óóTeresa€Gomez€de€Ō_ŌVoituretŌ_Ō€(author's€daughter)€Š D”  ŠĢņņState€party€concerned:€óóUruguay€Š ` ŠĢņņDate€of€communication:€óó17€August€1981€Š Ü, ŠĢņņDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:€óó22€July€1983€óóŠ Øų ŠĢĢņņÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó€established€under€article€28€of€~he€International€CovenantŠ ZŖ Šon€Civil€and€Political€Rights:€Š @ ŠĢņņMeetingóó€on€10€April€1984;€Š  \ ŠĢņņHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€R.25/109€submitted€to€theŠ Ų( ŠCommittee€by€Maria€Dolores€Perez€de€Gomez€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theŠ ¾ ŠInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights;€Š ¤ō ŠĢņņHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theŠ p!Ą  Šcommunication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned;€Š V"¦! ŠĢņņAdoptsóó€the€following,€Š "$r# ŠĢĢņ ņņņÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocolóóó óŠ Ō&$"& ŠÓBÓĢĢ1.€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€17€August€1981,€further€letters€datedŠ †)Ö$) Š20€November€1981€and€18€September€1982)€is€Maria€Dolores€Perez€de€Gomez,€a€UruguayanŠ l*¼%* Šnational€living€in€Montevideo,€Uruguay,€writing€on€behalf€of€her€daughter,€Teresa€GomezŠ R+¢&+ Šde€Ō_ŌVoituretŌ_Ō,€who€is€allegedly€detained€in€Uruguay€and€is€not€in€a€position€to€present€her€caseŠ 8,ˆ', Šherself€to€the€Human€Rights€Committee.€Mrs.€Perez€de€Gomez€claims€that€her€daughter€isŠ -n(- Ša€victim€of€a€breach€by€Uruguay€of€article€10€(1)€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€andŠ ° ŠPolitical€Rights.€Š –ę ŠĢ2.1€The€author€states€that€Teresa€Gomez€de€Ō_ŌVoituretŌ_Ō,€a€medical€doctor,€was€arrested€on€27Š b² ŠNovember€1980€at€the€airport€of€Ō_ŌCarrascoŌ_Ō,€Uruguay,€upon€her€return€from€a€medical€seminarŠ H˜ Šheld€in€Buenos€Aires,€Argentina,€from€24€to€27€November€1980.€Š . ~ ŠĢ2.2€The€author€submits€that€her€daughter€was€arrested€by€plainclothes€men€without€anyŠ ś J Šwarrant€and€taken€to€Military€Unit€No.€1€of€the€Artillery€in€the€area€of€Ō_ŌCerroŌ_Ō,€where€sheŠ ą 0 Šallegedly€was€held€in€solitary€confinement€in€a€cell€almost€without€natural.€light€and€whichŠ Ę   Šshe€was€not€allowed€to€leave€until€she€was€brought€to€trial€in€June€1981.€From€then€on€sheŠ ¬ ü  Šwas€allowed€periods€of€recreation€outside€her€cell,€hooded€and€forced€to€walk€withoutŠ ’ā  Šinterruption€during€this€time.€Š xČ  ŠĢ2.3€The€author€was€allowed€to€visit€her€daughter€in€the€Military€Unit€30€days€after€the€arrestŠ D”  Šoccurred.€The€visit€took€place€in€the€presence€of€three€guards€who€listened€to€every€word€ofŠ *z  Šthe€discussion€between€mother€and€daughter.€The€author€states€that€these€kinds€of€visitsŠ ` Šcontinued,€once€every€two€weeks,€until€Teresa€Gomez€de€Ō_ŌVoituretŌ_Ō€was€transferred€to€theŠ öF ŠPunta€de€Ō_ŌRielesŌ_Ō€prison€where€she€is€still€detained.€In€Punta€de€Ō_ŌRielesŌ_Ō€prison€she€is€allowedŠ Ü, Šone€half„hour€visit€by€close€family€members€every€two€weeks.€Š Ā ŠĢ2.4€Mrs.€Perez€de€Gomez€states€that€at€her€first€visit€in€the€Military€Unit€she€could€observeŠ ŽŽ Šthat€her€daughter's€state€of€health€had€visibly€deteriorated€since€the€time€before€her€arrest.Š tÄ ŠShe€claims,€based€upon€information€she€received€from€a€person€who€had€been€detained€forŠ ZŖ Šsome€time€in€the€same€place€as€Teresa€Gomez€de€Ō_ŌVoituretŌ_Ō€and€who€had€later€been€released,Š @ Šthat€her€daughter€was€subjected€to€torture€during€interrogation€in€order€to€extract€confessionsŠ &v Šfrom€her.€Š  \ ŠĢ2.5€Thus,€Teresa€Gomez€de€Ō_ŌVoituretŌ_Ō€falsely€confessed€that€she€was€a€member€of€a€politicalŠ Ų( Šgroup€which€kept€close€links€with€persons€in€and€outside€Ō_ŌLibertadŌ_Ō€prison€where€her€husbandŠ ¾ Šhas€been€detained€since€27€December€1974.€Teresa€Gomez€de€Ō_ŌVoituretŌ_Ō€later€revoked€thisŠ ¤ō Šstatement€in€her€written€declarations€before€the€court.€She€further€admitted€duringŠ Š Ś Šinterrogation€that€she€had€tried€to€mobilize€international€human€rights€bodies€and€relatedŠ p!Ą  Šreligious€institutions,€inside€and€outside€Uruguay,€drawing€their€attention€to€the€criticalŠ V"¦! Šsituation€of€her€husband€and€other€prisoners€in€Ō_ŌLibertadŌ_Ō€prison,€claiming€thereby€that€herŠ <#Œ" Šhusband's€life€was€in€grave€danger€because€of€death€threats€he€allegedly€had€received€fromŠ "$r# Šprison€personnel.€Š %X $ ŠĢ2.6€The€author€claims€that€the€Uruguayan€authorities€perceived€her€daughter's€efforts€beforeŠ Ō&$"& Šthese€human€rights€bodies€as€a€threat€to€the€country's€image€abroad.€Š ŗ' #' ŠĢ2.7€In€June€1981,€Teresa€Gomez€de€Ō_ŌVoituretŌ_Ō€was€charged€with€"subversive€association€andŠ †)Ö$) Šattempt€against€the€Constitution€followed€by€preparatory€acts".€Š l*¼%* ŠĢ2.8€The€author€alleges€that€the€proceedings€in€her€daughter's€case€before€the€military€courtŠ 8,ˆ', Šof€first€instance€do€not€provide€the€necessary€guarantees€for€a€fair€judicial€process€as€theyŠ -n(- ŠŌ_Ōdo€not€permit€her€daughter€to€be€brought€before€the€judge€in€person,€but€provide€only€forŠ ° Šwritten€statements€by€her€daughter€which€are€taken€by€a€court€clerk.€The€author€furtherŠ –ę Šalleges€in€this€connection€that,€although€her€daughter€had€been€given€the€possibility€toŠ |Ģ Šappoint€a€defence€lawyer€of€her€own€choice,€in€reality€she€can€expect€only€very€littleŠ b² Šassistance€from€him€because€she€is€prevented€from€consulting€him€freely.€The€conversationsŠ H˜ Šhave€to€take€place€by€telephone,€while€the€defence€lawyer€and€her€daughter€are€separated€byŠ . ~ Ša€glass€wall€and€continuously€watched€by€guards€Standing€at€their€side.€Š  d ŠĢ2.9€The€author€maintains€that€there€are€no€domestic€remedies€which€could€be€effectivelyŠ ą 0 Špursued€in€her€daughter's€case.€The€author€also€submits€that€to€her€knowledge€the€sameŠ Ę   Šmatter€has€not€been€submitted€to€the€Inter„American€Commission€for€Human€Rights.€Š ¬ ü  ŠĢ2.10€Finally,€the€author€states€that€she€submits€the€case€of€her€daughter€to€the€Human€RightsŠ xČ  ŠCommittee€with€the€request€that€the€Committee€take€appropriate€action€to€secure€a€fair€trialŠ ^®  Šfor€her€daughter€and€her€subsequent€release.€Š D”  ŠĢ3.€By€its€decision€of€16€March€1982€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeŠ ` Štransmitted€the€communication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€to€theŠ öF ŠState€party€concerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€ofŠ Ü, Šadmissibility€of€the€communication.€The€State€party€was€also€requested€(a)€to€provide€theŠ Ā ŠCommittee€with€copies€of€any€court€orders€or€decisions€relevant€to€this€case}€and€(b)€toŠ Øų Šinform€the€Committee€whether€the€alleged€victim€was€brought€before€the€military€judge€ofŠ ŽŽ Šfirst€instance€in€person€and€what€were€the€relevant€laws€and€practices€in€this€respect.€Š tÄ ŠĢ4.1€By€a€note€dated€24€June€1982€the€State€party€informed€the€Committee€that€Teresa€GomezŠ @ Šde€Voituret€was€tried€on€23€March€1982,€charged€with€the€offence€of€"subversiveŠ &v Šassociation"€under€article€60€(V)€of€the€Military€Criminal€Code.€The€State€party€adds€thatŠ  \ ŠTeresa€Gomez€de€Voituret€had€been€accused€of€this€offence€"on€the€basis€of€evidenceŠ ņB Šconfirming€her€active€participation€in€the€subversive€movement€known€as€'Seispuntismo',Š Ų( Šwhich€sought€to€reactivate€MLN€and€about€which€the€Committee€has€already€beenŠ ¾ Šinformed".€The€State€party€stresses€that€Š ¤ō ŠĢ"Teresa€Gomez€de€Voituret€was€a€member€of€the€most€active€centre€of€agitation€andŠ p!Ą  Špropaganda€and€[that]€her€primary€task€was€to€try€to€recruit€new€members€for€this€seditiousŠ V"¦! Šorganization".€Š <#Œ" ŠĢ4.2€The€State€party€did€not€however€submit€copies€of€any€court€orders€or€decisions€ofŠ %X $ Šrelevance€to€the€case€or€reply€to€the€specific€questions€set€out€in€paragraph€3€above.€Š ī%>!% ŠĢ5.1€On€18€September€1982,€the€author€of€the€communication€forwarded€her€comments€inŠ ŗ' #' Šreply€to€the€State€party's€submission€of€24€June€1982.€She€rejects€the€State€party's€contentionŠ  (š#( Šthat€her€daughter€ever€was€an€active€member€of€MLN.€She€claims,€in€this€connection,€thatŠ †)Ö$) Š"the€Military€Government€of€Uruguay€simply€invented€the€subversive€movement€known€asŠ l*¼%* Š'Seispuntismo'€in€order€to€bring€to€trial€once€again€a€group€of€prisoners€who€had€completedŠ R+¢&+ Šor€almost€completed€their€sentences€in€Libertad€prison'.€.€Š 8,ˆ', ŠŠ -n(- Š5.2€Mrs.€Perez€de€Gomez€asserts€that€her€daughter€merely€reported€to€the€Red€Cross€and€toŠ ° Šthe€organization€"Justicia€y€Par'€in€Buenos€Aires€the€physical,€psychological€and€moralŠ –ę Špressure€that€was€being€exerted€at€that€time€in€Libertad€prison€against€her€husband€JorgeŠ |Ģ ŠVoituret€Pazos€and€other€political€prisoners.€She€maintains€that€acting€thus€in€defence€of€herŠ b² Šhusband€was€the€only€offence€her€daughter€committed.€Š H˜ ŠĢ6.€In€reply€to€the€author's€comments€and€observations€on€its€submission€of€24€June€1982,€theŠ  d ŠState€party,€in€a€further€note€dated€28€December€1982,€reaffirms€its€statement€on€the€case€asŠ ś J Šcontained€in€its€note€of€24€June€1982.€Š ą 0 ŠĢ7.€On€3€May€1983€the€State€party€was€again€requested€to€furnish€additional€information€ņņinterŠ ¬ ü  Šalia€óóas€to€whether€judgement€of€first€instance€had€already€been€rendered€in€the€case.€TheŠ ’ā  Štime„limit€for€the€State€party's€response€expired€on€20€June€1983'.€No€such€additionalŠ xČ  Šinformation€had€been€received€from€the€State€party€when€the€Committee€decided€on€theŠ ^®  Šadmissibility€of€the€communication€in€July€1983.€Š D”  ŠĢ8.€With€regard€to€article€5€(2)€(a),€the€author's€assertion€that€the€same€matter€had€not€beenŠ ` Šsubmitted€to€any€other€procedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement€was€notŠ öF Šcontested€by€the€State€party.€As€to€the€question€of€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€StateŠ Ü, Šparty€did€not€contest€the€author's€statement€concerning€the€absence€of€effective€remedies€inŠ Ā Šher€daughter's€case.€The€Committee€noted€in€this€regard€that€it€would€appear€that€the€trial€ofŠ Øų ŠTeresa€Gomez€de€Voituret,€although€begun€on€23€March€1982,€might€not€yet€have€beenŠ ŽŽ Šconcluded,€since€the€Committee€had€no€information€that€judgement€had€been€given.Š tÄ ŠHowever,€the€allegations€of€violations€of€the€Covenant€related€to€ill„treatment€in€Prison€andŠ ZŖ Šthe€lack€of€guarantees€of€a€fair€trial,€as€required€by€the€Covenant,€in€respect€of€which€theŠ @ ŠState€party€did€not€claim€that€there€was€an€effective€domestic€remedy€which€the€allegedŠ &v Švictim€had€failed€to€exhaust.€The€Committee€therefore€was€unable€to€conclude€that€in€theŠ  \ Šcircumstances€of€this€case€there€were€domestic€remedies€which€could€have€been€effectivelyŠ ņB Špursued.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€found€that€the€communication€was€not€inadmissibleŠ Ų( Šunder€article€5€(2)€(a)€and€(b)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Š ¾ ŠĢ9.€On€22€July€1983€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€ņņdecided:€óóŠ Š Ś ŠĢ1.€That€the€communication€was€admissible;€Š V"¦! ŠĢ2.€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€be€requestedŠ "$r# Što€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€transmittal€to€it€of€the€decision,Š %X $ Šwritten€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,€if€any,€that€mightŠ ī%>!% Šhave€been€taken€by€it;€Š Ō&$"& ŠĢ3.€That€the€State€party€be€informed€that€the€written€explanations€or€statements€submitted€byŠ  (š#( Šit€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€must€relate€primarily€to€the€substance€of€theŠ †)Ö$) Šmatter€under€consideration.€The€Committee€stressed€that,€in€order€to€perform€itsŠ l*¼%* Šresponsibilities,€it€required€specific€responses€to€the€allegations€which€had€been€made€by€theŠ R+¢&+ Šauthor€of€the€communication€and€the€State€party's€explanations€of€the€actions€taken€by€it.Š 8,ˆ', ŠThe€State€party€was€again€requested€(a)€to€enclose€copies€of€any€court€orders€or€decisionsŠ -n(- Šof€relevance€to€the€matter€under€consideration,€(b)€to€inform€the€Committee€whether€theŠ ° Šalleged€victim€was€brought€before€the€military€judge€of€first€instance€in€person€and€whatŠ –ę Šwere€the€relevant€laws€and€practices€in€that€respect,€and€(c)€to€inform€the€Committee€as€toŠ |Ģ Šthe€outcome€of€the€trial€at€first€instance€of€Teresa€Gomez€de€Voituret€and€whether€theŠ b² Šjudgement€of€the€court€of€first€instance€was€subject€to€appeal.€Š H˜ ŠĢ10.€By€a€note€of€22€August€1983€in€response€to€the€Committee's€request€of€3€May€1983,€theŠ  d ŠState€party€submitted€the€following€additional€information:€Š ś J ŠĢ"In€the€proceedings€against€Teresa€Gomez€de€Voituret,€the€accused€was€sentenced€at€firstŠ Ę   Šinstance€on€28€September€1982€to€five€years'€rigorous€imprisonment€on€conviction€of€theŠ ¬ ü  Šoffences€of€'subversive€association'€and€'conspiracy€to€undermine€the€Constitution€followedŠ ’ā  Šby€criminal€acts'.€Š xČ  ŠĢ"On€15€June€1983€judgement€was€given€at€second€instance€confirming€the€sentence.€TheŠ D”  Šproceedings€were€conducted€with€all€the€guarantees€provided€for€under€the€Uruguayan€legalŠ *z  Šsystem,€including€that€relating€to€the€right€of€the€accused€to€appropriate€legal€assistance."€Š ` ŠĢ11.1€In€its€submission€under€article€4€(2)€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€dated€14€December€1983,Š Ü, Šthe€State€party€added:€Š Ā ŠĢ"In€all€cases€the€legally€established€trial€procedures€are€observed,€which€includes€appearanceŠ ŽŽ Šbefore€the€competent€judge.€With€respect€to€the€judgements€of€first€and€second€instance€thereŠ tÄ Šare€remedies€to€which€recourse€may€be€had€within€the€prescribed€periods.€Finally,€it€mustŠ ZŖ Šbe€pointed€out€that€in€Uruguay€maltreatment€and€threats€are€not€methods€employed,€and€theŠ @ Šphysical€integrity€of€prisoners€is€fully€protected."€Š &v ŠĢThe€Committee€notes€with€concern€that,€in€spite€of€its€repeated€requests,€it€has€not€beenŠ ņB Šfurnished€with€any€copies€of€court€orders€or€decisions€of€relevance€to€the€matter€underŠ Ų( Šconsideration.€Š ¾ ŠĢ11.2€No€further€submission€has€been€received€from€the€author.€Š Š Ś ŠĢ12.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€having€examined€the€present€communication€in€the€lightŠ V"¦! Šof€all€the€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties€as€provided€in€article€5€(1)€of€theŠ <#Œ" ŠOptional€Protocol,€hereby€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts,€which€appearŠ "$r# Šuncontested.€Š %X $ ŠĢ12.2€Teresa€Gomez€de€Voituret€was€arrested€on€27€November€1980€by€plainclothes€menŠ Ō&$"& Šwithout€any€warrant€and€taken€to€Military€Unit€No.€1,€where€she€was€held€in€solitaryŠ ŗ' #' Šconfinement€in€a€cell€almost€without€natural€light€and€which€she€was€not€allowed.€to€leaveŠ  (š#( Šuntil€she€was€brought€to€trial€in€June€1981.€She€was€subsequently€transferred€to€Punta€deŠ †)Ö$) ŠRieles€prison,€where€she€is€still€detained.€In€June€1981€she€was€charged€with€"subversiveŠ l*¼%* Šassociation€and€attempt€against€the€Constitution€followed€by€preparatory€acts".€Her€trial€atŠ R+¢&+ Šfirst€instance€began€on€23€March€1982€and€she€was€sentenced€on€28€September€1982€to€fiveŠ 8,ˆ', Šyears'€rigorous€imprisonment.€On€15€June€1983€judgement€was€given€at€second€instanceŠ -n(- Šconfirming€the€sentence.€Š ° ŠĢ13.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5€(4)€of€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theŠ |Ģ ŠInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€the€facts€as€foundŠ b² Šby€the€Committee€disclose€a€violation€of€article€10€(1)€of€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilŠ H˜ Šand€Political€Rights,€because€Teresa€Gomez€de€Voituret€was€kept€in€solitary€confinement€forŠ . ~ Šseveral€months€in€conditions€which€failed€to€respect€the€inherent€dignity€of€the€humanŠ  d Šperson.€Š ś J ŠĢ15.€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligation€toŠ Ę   Šensure€that€Teresa€Gomez€de€Voituret€is€treated€with€humanity€and€to€transmit€a€copy€ofŠ ¬ ü  Šthese€views€to€her.€