ÿWPCO ÝŠ@²s4|š+v¸¶¿C›Y¢þÉ¥èÝŒRl¶ò§ZÐl°o"û\Ä›HdTÝÉ·©I“ð?aùÅ×φìà“G¥ÏIŠÀ 8oJ˜éÔ/õp¯¶ç9k¿ña;Ëé$Oλ4owúŸK7jºž Ù5õšÜjÂ3U1˜X:­åª©KJðŸrÄËåÒíRÍÞ‘ÛvO RÔÁ¶%&SiE®¥Úê{ºQ•ðÇ¥ÜÞ|©:B"¢ÏO8ñZ³$Í`räóç³yGû3™:ƒ»+wä„⺡¹~8›áâzV ÉvÒÜ~ŒIòûF5î¶'~¶"º#‘F†àœ½ýú_{GŸ_* S!–^)ÿÜÈøÅ¸a:¾=¢FpÇC«;íð±`Ûœ y°7×§Ã4ùíÄŽys·^=븸©œmæØ®,E;É™1å´¼‰ë®±šªo[GÓ”o³ "£"D##`ĽívŠ,•ÄíÍ\{‰XúðÃKáDÇŠs™Ù¨VÓ0°m#•t’°ìÀDf²Öïžã¬¹ÆU4SƒOÿ¹æRw H“ÏE"l÷èsIçëwÅc³åÌëìN@Êyȳv9Xè3¦5â¥%mUÐHx4‘ObhïËÄá]Û$U>øÌ6 0µ 0<· 0Yó 0_L 0i« 0P Æd 0á* 0( D+3 AM^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ « 0N» 0Æ #ÁÏ UN %ÞMä(èN^ w4"6 m8ô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Hiber Conteris v. Uruguay, Communication No. 139/1983 (17 July 1985), U.N. Doc. Supp. No. 4 U.N. Doc. Supp. No. "Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2v_$££Ý ƒ÷Î!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X¢åXXXÔÔ€X¢åXXX¢åÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔ(ž÷Î$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X¼íXXXÔÔ€X¼íXXX¼íÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX‡û* Äpì*c(„³CorelÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ÷Î!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X¢åXXXÔÔ€X¢åXXX¢åÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€v.€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€139/1983Ð H˜ ÐÌ17€July€1985Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€by:€óóÔ_ÔIldaÔ_Ô€Thomas€on€behalf€of€her€brother,€Ô_ÔHiberÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_ԀРxÈ  ÐÌòòAlleged€victim:€óóÔ_ÔHiberÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_ԀРD”  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:€óóUruguay€Ð ` ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó16€March€1983€(date€of€initial€submission)€Ð Ü, ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:óó€30€March€1984€óóÐ ¨ø ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ Zª Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð @ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€17€July€1985,€Ð  \ ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€Communication€No.€139/1983€submitted€to€theÐ Ø( ÐCommittee€by€Ô_ÔIldaÔ_Ô€Thomas€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€International€Covenant€onÐ ¾ ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights;€Ð ¤ô ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theÐ p!À  Ðcommunication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned;€Ð V"¦! ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following:€Ð "$r# ÐÌÌòòÓ  Óò òViews€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocolóó€ó óÐ Ô&$"& ÐÓáÓÌÌ1.1€The€author€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€16€March€1983€and€further€lettersÐ †)Ö$) Ðdated€12€May€and€8€November€1983€and€12€March,€14€June€and€1€July€1985)€is€Ô_ÔIldaÔ_ÔÐ l*¼%* ÐThomas,€the€alleged€victim's€sister,€at€present€residing€in€the€United€States€of€America.€SheÐ R+¢&+ Ðis€legally€represented.€She€submits€the€communication€on€behalf€of€her€brother,€Ô_ÔHiberÔ_ÔÐ 8,ˆ', ÐÔ_ÔConterisÔ_Ô,€a€Uruguayan€national€born€on€23€September€1933,€who€was€detained€at€Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_ÔÐ -n(- ÐPrison€in€Uruguay€until€10€March€1985.€Ð ° ÐÌ1.2€The€author€stated€that€Ô_ÔHiberÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€worked€as€pastor€for€the€Methodist€Church€fromÐ |Ì Ð1955€to€1965€and€that€for€many€years€he€was€a€staff€writer€for€òòÔ_ÔMarchaÔ_Ô,€óóa€weekly€magazineÐ b² Ðbanned€in€1974.€He€was€a€professor€of€the€History€of€Ideas€at€the€National€University€ofÐ H˜ ÐUruguay's€School€of€Law€and€Social€Sciences€from€1968€to€1972.€In€the€late€Ô_Ô1960sÔ_Ô€Mr.Ð . ~ ÐÔ_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€was€a€member€of€the€Movement€for€National€Liberation€(Ô_ÔTupamarosÔ_Ô),€but€theÐ  d Ðauthor€claims€that€he€completely€disassociated€himself€from€them€in€1970€as€political€andÐ ú J Ðeconomic€tensions€rose€and€the€Ô_ÔTupamarosÔ_Ô€turned€to€progressively€more€violent€means.€Ð à 0 ÐÌ1.3€On€2€December€1976,€Mr.€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€was€arrested€by€the€security€police,€allegedly€withoutÐ ¬ ü  Ða€warrant,€at€Ô_ÔCarrascoÔ_Ô€Airport,€Montevideo,€upon€returning€from€a€Christian€PeaceÐ ’â  ÐConference€held€in€Brno,€Czechoslovakia.€He€was€taken€to€the€intelligence€serviceÐ xÈ  Ðheadquarters€in€the€city.€Two€weeks€later€when€his€family€went€to€these€offices€to€bring€himÐ ^®  Ðfood,€they€were€given€his€belongings€and€told€that€he€had€been€transferred€to€"an€armyÐ D”  Ðestablishment".€This€was€the€last€they€heard€of€him€for€three€months.€On€4€March€1977,€hisÐ *z  Ðdaughter€was€allowed€to€see€him€for€15€minutes€under€strict€supervision.€He€was€in€aÐ ` Ðdeplorable€physical€condition€and€had€lost€20€kilos€in€weight.€His€arms€were€scarred.€TheÐ öF Ðfamily€later€learned€that€he€had€been€moved€between€several€military€establishments,Ð Ü, Ðincluding€the€most€notorious€Ô_ÔcentreÔ_Ô€known€as€"El€Ô_ÔInfiernoÔ_Ô"€„€the€13th€Ô_ÔArmouredÔ_Ô€InfantryÐ Â ÐBattalion.€He€was€also€held€at€the€Sixth€Cavalry€Headquarters€and,€during€the€initial€twoÐ ¨ø Ðweeks€at€the€intelligence€service€headquarters€(Ô_ÔDINARPÔ_Ô)€in€Montevideo.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ1.4€During€this€three„month€period€of€detention,€incommunicado,€Mr.€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€was€allegedlyÐ Zª Ðtortured.€He€was€hanged€by€the€wrists€for€10€days€and€was€subjected€to€burnings€andÐ @ Ðrepeated€"Ô_ÔsubmarinoÔ_Ô"€„€immersing€the€head€of€the€victim€in€water€fouled€by€blood,€urine€andÐ &v Ðvomit€almost€to€the€point€of€drowning.€Under€these€conditions€of€extreme€ill„treatment€Mr.Ð  \ ÐÔ_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€was€forced€to€sign€a€confession€that€he€had€been€an€active€guerrilla,€taking€part€inÐ òB ÐÔ_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô€and/or€murder.€Approximately€four€months€after€his€arrest,€Mr.€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€wasÐ Ø( Ðtaken€to€Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô€Prison.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ1.5€The€author€also€alleged€that,€since€his€arrest€in€1976,€Mr.€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€was€never€broughtÐ Š Ú Ðbefore€a€judge€or€granted€a€public€hearing€at€which€he€could€defend€himself.€No€judgementÐ p!À  Ðagainst€him€has€ever€been€made€public.€It€is€also€alleged€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€had€been€detainedÐ V"¦! Ðfor€over€two€years€before€be€was€informed€of€the€charges€against€him.€The€date€of€Mr.Ð <#Œ" ÐÔ_ÔConterisÔ_Ô'€first€trial€is€unclear.€He€was€convicted€and€sentenced€òòin€absentia€óóby€a€military€courtÐ "$r# Ðof€the€first€instance,€for€"subverting€the€Constitution",€"criminal€and€political€association",Ð %X $ Ð'unlawful€entry"€and€"Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô".€Although€a€civilian,€he€was€tried€by€a€military€courtÐ î%>!% Ðunder€the€Law€of€National€Security€enacted€in€1972€because€he€was€charged€with€subversiveÐ Ô&$"& Ðactivities.€Mr.€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€was€assigned€"legal€counsel"€òò(Ô_ÔabogadoÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔoficioÔ_Ô),€óódesignated€by€theÐ º' #' Ðmilitary€as€Dr.€Ô_ÔAlcimarÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔPereraÔ_Ô.€a/€Mr.€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€never€saw€Dr.€Ô_ÔPereraÔ_Ô€before€the€trial.€It€wasÐ  (ð#( Ðonly€after€the€proceedings€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€had€a€brief€meeting€with€him.€Mr.€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_ÔÐ †)Ö$) Ðnever€heard€from€him€again.€Mr.€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€submitted€his€own€statement€to€the€military€courtÐ l*¼%* Ðof€first€instance€but€this€statement€was€ignored€and€not€included€in€the€record.€He€wasÐ R+¢&+ Ðsentenced€to€15€years'€imprisonment€and€in€addition€to€one€to€five€years€precautionaryÐ 8,ˆ', Ðdetention€òò(Ô_ÔmedidasÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔseguridadÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔeliminativasÔ_Ô).€óóWithout€the€assistance€of€legal€counsel,€heÐ -n(- ÐÔ_Ôappealed€against€the€decision€of€the€court€of€first€instance€to€the€Supreme€Military€TribunalÐ ° Ðin€August€1980.€In€a€letter€dated€24€May€1981,€he€described€the€appeal€as€follows:€Ð –æ ÐÌ"...€I€had€hoped€to€be€able€to€speak€to€the€lawyer€assigned€to€me,€to€know€his€defence€in€myÐ b² Ðcase,€to€ask€for€clarification€of€the€charges€formulated€by€the€judge€of€the€first€instance€whoÐ H˜ Ðtook€no€notice€of€my€statements,€nor€did€these€appear€in€the€instructions€for€the€hearing,€andÐ . ~ ÐI€hoped€to€have€the€opportunity€to€reply€to€the€charges€before€the€members€of€the€SupremeÐ  d ÐMilitary€Tribunal.€None€of€this€happened.€My€lawyer€never€came€to€see€me,€I€did€not€appearÐ ú J Ðin€person€before€the€members€of€the€Tribunal,€a€junior€functionary€confined€himself€toÐ à 0 Ðreading€the€sentence€and€asking€for€my€signature,€and€the€whole€hearing€took€no€more€thanÐ Æ   Ðthree€or€four€minutes.€So€there€I€am,€after€the€higher€appeal€in€my€case€with€a€sentence€ofÐ ¬ ü  Ð15€years€imprisonment€and€one€to€five€years'€precautionary€detention€without€having€beenÐ ’â  Ðable€to€articulate€my€defence€with€the€assistance€of€a€lawyer€who€took€my€case€seriously,'orÐ xÈ  Ðhaving€personally€appeared€before€any€judge€in€any€of€the€three€instances.'€b/€Ð ^®  ÐÌ1.6€The€author€stated€that€since€Mr.€Conteris'€transfer€to€Libertad€Prison,€he€did€not€reportÐ *z  Ðthe€kind€of€severe€torture€he€experienced€in€the€Sixth€Cavalry€Headquarters€and€the€13thÐ ` ÐArmoured€Infantry€Battalion.€He€did,€however,€experience€other€forms€of€physical€andÐ öF Ðpsychological€abuse.€Mr.€Conteris€was€repeatedly€subjected€to€solitary€confinement€and€wasÐ Ü, Ðheld€in€the€coldest€part€of€the€prison,€the€first€floor.€He€was€plagued€with€severe€rheumatismÐ Â Ðin€his€spine,€which€often€prevented€him€from€leaving€his€cell€for€a€few€minutes'€exerciseÐ ¨ø Ðwhen€allowed.€periodically,€he€was€transferred€from€one€floor€to€another,€a€method€used€toÐ ŽÞ Ðincrease€the€prisoner's€feelings€of€distrust€and€insecurity.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ1.7€It€was€alleged€that€at€the€time€of€submission€no€effective€legal€remedy€existed€for€HiberÐ @ ÐConteris€or€his€family€under€Uruguayan€law€since€the€writ€of€òòhabeas€corpus€óóand€the€basicÐ &v Ðguarantees€against€arbitrary€arrest€and€for€fundamental€fairness€and€due€process€set€forth€inÐ  \ Ðthe€1967€Constitution€had€been€totally€denied€in€virtually€every€case€of€a€person€held€underÐ òB Ðthe€Prompt€Security€Measures€or€the€Law€of€National€Security.€In€the€case€of€Hiber€ConterisÐ Ø( Ðthe€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€was€the€court€of€last€instance.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ1.8€A€case€concerning€Mr.€Conteris,€which€had€been€submitted€to€the€Inter„AmericanÐ Š Ú ÐCommission€on€Human€Rights€(IACHR)€by€an€unrelated€third€party,€was€withdrawn€at€theÐ p!À  Ðrequest€of€the€Conteris€family€dated€12€May€1983.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ1.9€The€author€claims€that€the€above€facts€reveal€breaches€by€Uruguay€of€a€number€ofÐ "$r# Ðarticles€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€including€articles€7,€9,Ð %X $ Ð10€and€14.€It€is€also€alleged€that€articles€4,€12,€15,€18€and€19€have€been€violated.€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ2.€By€its€decision€of€6€April€1983,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ º' #' Ðtransmitted€the€communication€under€rule.€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€to€theÐ  (ð#( ÐState€party€concerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€ofÐ †)Ö$) Ðadmissibility€of€the€communication.€The€Working€Group€also€requested€the€State€party€toÐ l*¼%* Ðtransmit€to€the€Committee€copies€of€any€court€orders€or€decisions€relevant€to€this€case.€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ3.€In€a€submission€dated€27€September€1983€the€State€party€informed€the€Committee€Ð -n(- Ї'that€Mr.€Conteris€was€arrested€on€2€December€1976€because€of€his€connection€with€theÐ ° Ðkidnapping€of€the€former€Consul€of€Brazil,€Mr.€Aloisio€M.€de€Diaz€Gomide,€as€well€as€forÐ –æ Ðhaving€taken€part€in€the€meeting€of€the€Tupamaros€National€Liberation€Movement€at€whichÐ |Ì Ðthe€decision€was€taken€to€assassinate€Mr.€Dan€Mitrione,€a€United€States€citizen.€He€was€triedÐ b² Ðand€subsequently€sentenced€to€15€years'€rigorous€imprisonment€and€5€to€8€years'Ð H˜ Ðprecautionary€detention€measures€for€'criminal€conspiracy',€'conspiracy€to€undermine€theÐ . ~ ÐConstitution€followed€by€criminal€preparations',€'usurpation€of€functions'€and€'theft€and€co„Ð  d Ðperpetration€of€kidnapping,€with€a€combination€of€principal€and€secondary€offences'.€Mr.Ð ú J ÐConteris€was€not€persecuted€for€his€political€opinions,€but,€rather,€tried€for€committing€actsÐ à 0 Ðwhich€constitute€offences€under€existing€legislation.€The€procedure€followed€for€his€trialÐ Æ   Ðtook€place€in€accordance€with€the€existing€legal€rules€and€at€no€time€was€he€subjected€to€anyÐ ¬ ü  Ðkind€of€physical€or€psychological€coercion"€Ð ’â  ÐÌ4.1€On€8€November€1983,€the€author€submitted€comments€on€the€State€party's€submissionÐ ^®  Ðunder€rule€91€and€forwarded€a€copy€of€the€transcript€of€the€indictment€of€the€Fourth€MilitaryÐ D”  ÐCourt€of€Investigation,€dated€1€March€1977,€and€of€the€judgement€of€the€Supreme€MilitaryÐ *z  ÐTribunal,€dated€5€August€1980,€obtained€by€Mr.€Conteris'€lawyer.€Ð ` ÐÌ4.2€She€stated€that€the€crimes€her€brother€was€accused€of€having€committed€occurred€afterÐ Ü, Ðhe€had€disassociated€himself€from€the€Movement€for€National€Liberation€(Tupamaros).€EvenÐ Â Ðwhile€he€was€a€member,€there€is€no€indication€that€Mr.€Conteris€took€any€active€role.€TheÐ ¨ø ÐUruguayan€Government€has€never€alleged€that€he€was€one€of€their€leaders,€and€thereforeÐ ŽÞ Ðwould€have€been€privy€to€high„level€decision„making€such€as€plans€to€kidnap.€In€fact,€he€wasÐ tÄ Ðhardly€a€leader.€He€was€a€professor,€a€writer,€a€former€minister.€The€extent€of€hisÐ Zª Ðinvolvement€in€the€Tupamaros€was€to€meet€with€fellow€intellectuals,€in€small€meetings,€inÐ @ Ða€private€apartment.€Ð &v ÐÌ4.3€In€the€transcript€of€the€indictment€of€the€Fourth€Military€Court€of€Investigation,€dated€1Ð òB ÐMarch€1977,€the€Prosecutor€stated€that€"there€is€òòprima€facie€óóevidence€that€the€accused€...€isÐ Ø( Ðguilty€of€the€offences€which€are€provided€for€in€articles€150€(criminal€conspiracy),€132€inÐ ¾ Ðconjunction€with€137€(conspiracy€to€undermine€the€Constitution€followed€by€criminalÐ ¤ô Ðpreparations),€346€(kidnapping)€and€294€(unlawful€entry€into€the€home)€of€the€OrdinaryÐ Š Ú ÐPenal€Code".€The€Court€agreed€with€this€opinion€and€ordered€that€the€prisoner€"be€indictedÐ p!À  Ðand€held€incommunicado"€and€that€he€be€summoned€to€appear€"at€the€hearing€on€2€MarchÐ V"¦! Ð...€at€which€he€shall€be€informed€of€the€name€of€his€defence€counsel€to€be€appointed€fromÐ <#Œ" Ðamong€those€on€the€roster".€On€2€March€1977,€the€Court€appointed€as€defence€counsel€Dr.Ð "$r# ÐDaniel€Artecona.€Ð %X $ ÐÌ4.4€Hiber€Conteris€was€also€indicted€for€offences€under€articles€166€(ursurpation€ofÐ Ô&$"& Ðfunctions)€and€340€(theft)€of€the€Ordinary€Penal€Code.€By€the€judgement€of€first€instanceÐ º' #' Ðrendered€by€the€Fourth€Military€Court€presided€over€by€Judge€Colonel€Luis€G.€Blanco€Vila,Ð  (ð#( ÐMr.€Conteris€was€sentenced€to€a€term€of€15€years'€rigorous€imprisonment€and€5€to€8€years'Ð †)Ö$) Ðprecautionary€detention.€Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ4.5€The€judgement€by€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal,€dated€5€August€1980,€reviewed€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðparticular€characteristics€of€Mr.€Conteris'€involvement€in€the€Tupamaros€movement.€It€foundÐ -n(- Ðthat€he€did€not€completely€break€with€the€movement€until€September€of€1970;€that€up€to€thatÐ ° Ðdate€he€had€participated€in€numerous€conspiratorial€meetings,€many€of€which€took€place€inÐ –æ Ðhis€apartment€in€Montevideo,€and€that€he€also€gave€the€key€to€the€apartment€to€conspiratorsÐ |Ì Ðwho€met€there€in€his€absence.€The€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€upheld€the€sentence€of€theÐ b² Ðcourt€of€first€instance,€found€Mr.€Conteris€guilty€of€a€further€offence€provided€for€in€articleÐ H˜ Ð133€of€the€Ordinary€Penal€Code€(acts€exposing€the€Republic€to€the€risk€of€war€or€reprisals)Ð . ~ Ðand€sentenced€him€to€an€additional€term€of€one€to€five€years'€precautionary€detention.€Ð  d ÐÌ5.1€When€considering€the€admissibility€of€the€communication,€the€Committee€found€that€itÐ à 0 Ðwas€not€precluded€by€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),€of€the€Optional€Protocol€from€consideringÐ Æ   Ðthe€communication,€because€the€case€before€IACHR€was€submitted€by€an€unrelated€thirdÐ ¬ ü  Ðparty€and€in€any€event€was€withdrawn€at€the€request€of€the€Conteris€family.€The€CommitteeÐ ’â  Ðwas€also€unable€to€conclude€that€in€the€circumstances€of€the€case€there€were€effectiveÐ xÈ  Ðremedies€available€to€the€alleged€victim€which€he€had€failed€to€exhaust.€It€noted€in€thisÐ ^®  Ðconnection€that€Mr.€Conteris€appealed€to€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€which€confirmedÐ D”  Ðhis€conviction.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€found€that€the€communication€was€notÐ *z  Ðinadmissible€under€article€5,€paragraph€2€(b)€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð ` ÐÌ5.2€The€Committee€observed€that€there€were€a€number€of€factual€issues€in€dispute€in€theÐ Ü, Ðcase,€which€had€to€be€assessed€during€consideration€of€the€case€on€the€merits.€For€instance,Ð Â Ðit€had€to€be€determined€whether€the€allegation€of€ill„treatment€and€torture€and€whether€theÐ ¨ø Ðallegations€of€denial€of€judicial€guarantees€were€well€rounded.€The€Committee€stated€thatÐ ŽÞ Ðit€would€rely€on€both€parties€to€clarify€any€factual€issues€in€dispute.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ5.3€On€30€March€1984,€the€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€òòdecided:óó€Ð @ ÐÌ1.€That€the€communication€was€admissible;€Ð  \ ÐÌ2.€That,€in€accordance€with€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€partyÐ Ø( Ðshould€be€requested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€transmittalÐ ¾ Ðto€it€of€the€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€the€remedy,Ð ¤ô Ðif€any,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it;€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ3.€That€the€State€party€be€informed€that€the€written€explanations€or€statements€submitted€byÐ V"¦! Ðit€under€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol€must€relate€primarily€to€the€substanceÐ <#Œ" Ðof€the€matter€under€consideration.€The€Committee€stressed€that,€in€order€to€perform€itsÐ "$r# Ðresponsibilities,€it€required€specific€responses€to€the€allegations€which€had€been€made€by€theÐ %X $ Ðauthor€of€the€Communication,€and€the€State€party's€explanations€of€the€actions€taken€by€it;€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ4.€That€the€State€party€be€again€requested€to€furnish€the€Committee€with€decisions€takenÐ º' #' Ðagainst€Mr.€Hiber€Conteris€which€are€not€already€in€the€possession€of€the€Committee,€inÐ  (ð#( Ðparticular€the€judgement€of€the€Fourth€Military€Court.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ6.1€The€decision€on€admissibility€containing€the€Committee's€request€for€specificÐ R+¢&+ Ðinformation€was€transmitted€to€the€State€party€and€to€the€author€on€8€May€1984.€The€time„Ð 8,ˆ', Ðlimit€for€the€State€party's€response€expired€on€8€November€1984.€Ð -n(- Ї6.2€By€a€note€of€25€March€1985,€the€new€Government€of€Uruguay€informed€the€CommitteeÐ ° Ðthat€Mr.€Ô_ÔHiberÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€had€been€released€from€prison€on€10€March€1985,€but€shed€noÐ –æ Ðfurther€light€on€the€factual€issues€in€dispute.€Ð |Ì ÐÌ7.1€The€Committee€observes€in€this€connection€that€the€author€of€the€communication€hasÐ H˜ Ðsubmitted€detailed€allegations€of€ill„treatment€and€that€the€State€party€has€adduced€noÐ . ~ Ðevidence€that€these€allegations€have€been€duly€investigated.€A€general€refutation€of€theseÐ  d Ðallegations€merely€stating€that€"at€no€time€was€he€subjected€to€any€kind€of€physical€orÐ ú J Ðpsychological€coercion"€(see€para.€3€above)€is€not€sufficient.€The€Committee€also€observesÐ à 0 Ðthat€the€author€has€made€detailed€allegations€that€Ô_ÔHiberÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔConterisÔ_Ô€was€denied€judicialÐ Æ   Ðguarantees€set€out€in€a€number€of€provisions€of€article€14€of€the€Covenant.€In€its€submissionÐ ¬ ü  Ðof€27€September€1983,€the€State€party€merely€informed€the€Committee€that€"the€procedureÐ ’â  Ðfollowed€for€his€trial€took€place€in€accordance€with€the€existing€legal€rules"€(see€para.€3Ð xÈ  Ðabove).€Again,€a€refutation€in€such€general€terms€is€not€sufficient.€Ð ^®  ÐÌ7.2€The€Committee€recalls€that€it€has€already€established€in€other€cases€(e.g.€Nos.€30/1978Ð *z  ÐCR.7/30€c/€and€85/1981€d/€)€that€the€burden€of€proof€cannot€rest€alone€on€the€author€of€theÐ ` Ðcommunication,€especially€considering€that€the€author€and€the€State€party€do€not€always€haveÐ öF Ðequal€access€to€the€evidence€and€that€frequently€the€State€party€alone€has€access€to€relevantÐ Ü, Ðinformation.€It€is€implicit€in€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol€that€the€StateÐ Â Ðparty€has€the€duty€to€investigate€in€good€faith€all€allegations€of€violations€of€the€CovenantÐ ¨ø Ðmade€against€it€and€its€authorities€and€to€furnish€to€the€Committee€the€information€availableÐ ŽÞ Ðto€it.€In€cases€where€the€author€has€submitted€to€the€Committee€allegations€supported€byÐ tÄ Ðwitness€testimony,€as€in€this€case,€and€where€further€clarification€of€the€case€depends€onÐ Zª Ðinformation€exclusively€in€the€hands€of€the€State€party,€the€Committee€may€consider€suchÐ @ Ðallegations€as€substantiated€in€the€absence€of€satisfactory€evidence€and€explanations€to€theÐ &v Ðcontrary€submitted€by€the€State€party.€Ð  \ ÐÌ7.3€The€author's€allegations€of€breaches€of€the€provisions€of€article€9€of€the€Covenant€haveÐ Ø( Ðnot€been€commented€on€by€the€State€party€and€are,€therefore,€treated€as€uncontested.€Ð ¾ ÐÌ7.4€The€author's€allegations€of€breaches€of€the€provisions€of€articles€12,€15,€18€and€19€of€theÐ Š Ú ÐCovenant€are€not€adequately€substantiated.€The€Committee,€therefore,€makes€no€finding€inÐ p!À  Ðrespect€to€these€articles.€Ð V"¦! ÐÌ7.5€With€regard€to€the€author's€allegations€of€a€breach€of€article€4,€the€Committee€notes€thatÐ "$r# Ðthe€State€party€has€not€purported€to€rely€on€any€derogation€from€provisions€of€the€CovenantÐ %X $ Ðpursuant€to€article€4.€The€Committee,€therefore,€regards€it€as€inappropriate€to€make€a€findingÐ î%>!% Ðin€respect€to€this€article.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌ8.€In€a€notarized€personal€affidavit€dated€14€June€1985,€Mr.€Hiber€Conteris€described€inÐ  (ð#( Ðdetail€aspects€of€his€interrogation,€trial€and€detention,€thus€confirming€the€informationÐ †)Ö$) Ðsubmitted€by€the€author€on€his€behalf.€In€a€telegram€dated€1€July€1985,€his€wish€that€theÐ l*¼%* ÐCommittee€continue€its€consideration€of€the€case€was€confirmed.€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ9.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€having€examined€the€present€communication€in€the€lightÐ -n(- Ðof€all€the€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties€as€provided€in€article€5,€paragraphÐ ° Ð1,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€hereby€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts,€whichÐ –æ Ðhave€either€been€essentially€confirmed€by€the€State€party€or€are€uncontested€except€forÐ |Ì Ðdenials€of€a€general€character€offering€no€particular€information€or€explanations.€Ð b² ÐÌ9.2€Hiber€Conteris€was€arrested€without€a€warrant€by€the€Security€Police€on€2€DecemberÐ . ~ Ð1976,€at€the€Carrasco€airport,€Montevideo,€and€taken€to€the€intelligence€service€headquartersÐ  d Ðin€the€city.€He€was€later€transferred€to€different€military€establishments,€including€theÐ ú J Ðestablishment€known€as€"El€Infierno"€and€the€Sixth€Cavalry€Headquarters.€From€2€DecemberÐ à 0 Ð1976€to€4€March€1977,€he€was€held€incommunicado,€and€his€relatives€were€not€informed€ofÐ Æ   Ðhis€place€of€detention.€During€this€period€Mr.€Conteris€was€subjected€to€extreme€ill„treatmentÐ ¬ ü  Ðand€forced€to€sign€a€confession.€On€4€March€1977,€when€his€daughter€was€allowed€to€seeÐ ’â  Ðhim€for€the€first€time€after€his€arrest,€she€witnessed€that€his€physical€condition€was€very€poorÐ xÈ  Ðand€that€he€had€lost€20€kilos€of€weight.€Since€that€time€he€was€kept€at€Libertad€Prison€underÐ ^®  Ðharsh€and,€at€times,€degrading€conditions,€including€repeated€solitary€confinements.€TheÐ D”  Ðremedy€of€òòhabeas€corpus€óówas€not€available€to€Hiber€Conteris.€He€was€never€brought€beforeÐ *z  Ða€judge€and€was€kept€uninformed€of€the€charges€against€him€for€over€two€years.€He€was€notÐ ` Ðgranted€a€public€hearing€at€which€he€could€defend€himself€and€he€had€no€opportunity€toÐ öF Ðconsult€with€his€court€appointed€lawyer€in€preparation€for€his€defence.€He€was€tried€andÐ Ü, Ðsentenced€by€a€military€court€of€first€instance€to€15€years'€imprisonment€and,€it€appears,€toÐ Â Ðone€to€five€years€of€precautionary€detention.€His€own€statements€to€the€military€court€of€firstÐ ¨ø Ðinstance€were€ignored€and€not€entered€into€the€court€records.€Without€the€assistance€of€legalÐ ŽÞ Ðcounsel,€he€appealed€to€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal€in€August€1980,€which€upheld€theÐ tÄ Ðconviction€and€sentenced€him€to€15€years'€imprisonment€and€5€to€8€years'€of€precautionaryÐ Zª Ðdetention€for€"criminal€conspiracy",€"conspiracy€to€undermine€the€Constitution€followed€byÐ @ Ðcriminal€preparations",€"usurpation€of€functions"€and€"theft€and€co„perpetration€ofÐ &v Ðkidnapping,€with€a€combination€of€principal€and€secondary€offences".€After€the€change€ofÐ  \ ÐGovernment€in€Uruguay€Mr.€Conteris€was€released€on€10€March€1985€pursuant€to€the€LawÐ òB Ðof€Amnesty€of€8€March€1985.€Ð Ø( ÐÌ10.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€OptionalÐ ¤ô ÐProtocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€theÐ Š Ú Ðfacts€as€found€by€the€Committee€disclose€violations€of€the€Covenant,€in€particular:€Ð p!À  ÐÌ„€of€article€7,€because€of€the€severe€ill„treatment€which€Hiber€Conteris€suffered€during€theÐ <#Œ" Ðfirst€three€months€of€detention€and€the€harsh€and,€at€times,€degrading€conditions€of€hisÐ "$r# Ðdetention€since€then;€Ð %X $ ÐÌ„€of€article€9,€paragraph€1,€because€the€manner€in€which€he€was€arrested€and€detained,Ð Ô&$"& Ðwithout€a€warrant,€constitutes€an€arbitrary€arrest€and€detention,€irrespective€of€the€chargesÐ º' #' Ðwhich€were€subsequently€laid€against€him;€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ„€of€article€9,€paragraph€2,€because€he€was€not€informed€of€the€charges€against€him€for€overÐ l*¼%* Ðtwo€years;€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÌ„€of€article€9,€paragraph€3,€because€he€was€not€brought€promptly€before€a€judge€and€becauseÐ -n(- Ðhe€was€not€tried€within€a€reasonable€time;€Ð ° ÐÌ„€of€article€9,€paragraph€4,€because€he€had€no€opportunity€to€challenge€his€detention;€Ð |Ì ÐÌ„€of€article€10,€paragraph€1,€because€he€was€held€incommunicado€for€over€three€months;€Ð H˜ ÐÌ„€of€article€14,€paragraph€1,€because€he€had€no€fair€and€public€hearing;€Ð  d ÐÌ„€of€article€14,€paragraph€3€(b),€because€he€had€no€effective€access€to€legal€counsel€for€theÐ à 0 Ðpreparation€of€his€defence;€Ð Æ   ÐÌ„€of€article€14,€paragraph€3€(c),€because€he€was€not€tried€without€undue€delay;€Ð ’â  ÐÌ„€of€article€14,€paragraph€3€(d),€because€he€was€not€tried€in€his€presence€and€could€not€defendÐ ^®  Ðhimself€in€person€or€through€legal€counsel€of€his€own€choosing;€Ð D”  ÐÌ„€of€article€14,€paragraph€3€(g),€because€he€was€forced€by€means€of€torture€to€confess€guilt.€Ð ` ÐÌ11.1€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligationÐ Ü, Ðto€take€effective€measures€to€remedy€the€violations€which€Mr.€Hiber€Conteris€has€sufferedÐ Â Ðand€to€grant€him€compensation.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ11.2€The€State€party€has€provided€the€Committee€with€a€number€of€lists€indicating€the€namesÐ tÄ Ðof€persons€released€from€prison€since€August€1984€and€until€the€newly€elected€GovernmentÐ Zª Ðcame€to€power€on€1€March€1985.€The€Committee€has€further€learned€that,€pursuant€to€anÐ @ Ðamnesty€law€enacted€by€the€new€Government€on€8€March€1985,€all€political€prisoners€haveÐ &v Ðbeen€released€and€all€forms€of€political€banishment€have€been€lifted.€The€CommitteeÐ  \ Ðexresses€its€satisfaction€at€the€measures€taken€by€the€State€party€towards€the€observance€ofÐ òB Ðthe€Covenant€and€co„operation€with€the€Committee.€Ð Ø( ÐÌÌòòNotes€Ð Š Ú ÐóóÌa/€€€According€to€the€text€of€the€indictment€it€appears€that€Mr.€Conteris€had€a€different€òòexÐ V"¦! Ðofficioóó€lawyer,€Dr.€Artecona.€See€para.€4.3.€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌb/€€€It€appears€that€the€three€instances€are:€(i)€the€military€court€of€investigation,€(ii)€theÐ %X $ Ðmilitary€court€of€first€instance€and€(iii)€the€Supreme€Military€Tribunal.€Ð î%>!% ÐÌc/€€€See€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,€Thirty„seventh€Session,€Supplement€No.Ð º' #' Ð40óó€(A/37/40€and€Corr.1€and€2),€annex€X.€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌd/€€€Ibid.,€òòThirty„ninth€Session,€supplement€No.€40óó€(A/39/40),€annex€IX.€