ÿWPC +\…¼dow“¾‘VÌ¢¯m· ãü¯³Ó.G˜Î8ÇÔäd*b×­RŸˆ"¬ aÛ‚pÕª–ˆÝLŸûóá2·ÇƒŽ·AvXrë¶ÉäúÚ,x³çí!íØ£ò—^ë@©À²»o˜;òô¸MÞNžNîôˆk­Ö;ÀYÙº/·‚j›°AäßæD<÷ ƒG¢KTèi'Ljza÷N:îfèɼóIKyCü/i"À¬/|{­sˆÞ4ĺ©ïðm£ò«<êµÖq×$ùÝdñö6Bãù´Ž¾Þ^¦~vø“¡Z×Ê%;?E•vì Þèÿá¡Påû{ØÉ2@QmrsÒÜVœ°~ÀÀÓQêÔZ_‡¥šÙ †¢Ä^øG®Ýf„À‚oSyÜS4Ç,Øžèmus¢ÉDPÚud³°í} "âZ~ˆîUMißzÁE¤î‘ ˆ!Âdeá½vRÒ5CÌe¿êƒªçOiŸÍ ŒFª93pÑ!ÐqIU>–ÌÔ 0µ  0<U 0Y‘ 0_ê 0iI %²Ƹ 0á~ 0(_ D+‡ AM² ² ÿ 0Æ 0NÕ #Á# UNä ä M2(6N^^ `wl4p„ m†ô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Giosue Canepa v. Canada, Communication No. 558/1993, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/52/D/558/1993 (1994)4/52/D/558/1993 (1994)"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓX Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2U$££Ý ƒ79!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XàçXXXÔÔ€XàçXXXàçÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ž79$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XûÛXXXÔÔ€XûÛXXXûÛÔÔÔ(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman Regularuô* Äpì*¢Ø+00ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ79!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XàçXXXÔÔ€XàçXXXàçÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐòòÌÔ_ÔCanepaÔ_Ô€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€CanadaóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€558/1993*/Ð H˜ ÐÌ13€October€1994Ð  d ÐÌÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/52/D/558/1993Ð à 0 ÐÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ ’â  ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Ô_ÔGiosueÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔCanepaÔ_Ô€[represented€by€counsel]Ð D”  ÐòòÌAlleged€victimóó:€The€authorÐ ` ÐòòÌState€partyóó:€CanadaÐ Ü, ÐòòÌDate€of€communicationóó:€16€April€1993€(initial€submission)Ð ¨ø ÐòòÌDate€of€present€decisionóó:€13€October€1994óóÐ tÄ ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€acting€through€its€Working€Group€pursuant€to€rule€87,Ð &v Ðparagraph€2,€of€the€Committee's€rules€of€procedure,€Ð  \ ÐÌòòAdoptsóó€the€following€decision€on€admissibility.Ð Ø( ÐÌÌÓÆÓò òÓ  ÓòòDecision€on€admissibilityóóó óÐ Š Ú ÐÓäÓÓÓÌÌ1.€The€author€of€the€communication,€dated€16€April€1993,€is€Ô_ÔGiosueÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔCanepaÔ_Ô,€an€ItalianÐ <#Œ" Ðcitizen,€at€the€time€of€submission€of€the€communication€under€deportation€order€in€Canada.Ð "$r# ÐHe€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€a€violation€of€articles€7,€12,€paragraph€4,€17€and€23,€paragraphÐ %X $ Ð1,€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€by€Canada.€He€is€representedÐ î%>!% Ðby€counsel.Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌòòThe€facts€as€submitted€by€the€authoróó:Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ2.1€The€author€was€born€in€Italy€in€January€1962;€at€the€age€of€five,€he€emigrated€to€CanadaÐ l*¼%* Ðwith€his€parents.€After€the€family€settled€in€Canada,€a€younger€brother€was€born,€who€isÐ R+¢&+ ÐCanadian€by€birth.€The€author€has€extended€family€in€Italy,€knows€some€Italian,€but€does€notÐ 8,ˆ', Ðfeel€any€meaningful€connection€with€the€country.Ð -n(- Ї2.2€For€most€of€his€life,€the€author€considered€himself€to€be€a€Canadian€citizen.€It€was€onlyÐ ° Ðwhen€he€was€contacted€by€immigration€officials€because€of€his€criminal€convictions€that€heÐ –æ Ðrealized€that€he€was€a€permanent€resident.€Between€1978€and€1987,€the€author€was€convictedÐ |Ì Ðon€37€occasions,€mostly€related€to€breaking€and€entering,€theft,€or€possession€of€narcotics.Ð b² ÐOn€several€occasions,€he€was€sentenced€to€imprisonment.€Counsel€notes€that€the€author'sÐ H˜ Ðconvictions€are€attributable€to€her€client's€addiction€to€heroin€which€he€developed€at€the€ageÐ . ~ Ðof€13.€He€has€no€record€of€violence.€Counsel€notes€that€the€author€received€no€drugÐ  d Ðrehabilitation€treatment€while€in€prison,€but€on€his€own€initiative€attempted€in€1988€toÐ ú J Ðovercome€his€addiction.€He€was€able€to€remain€drug„free€until€1990,€when€he€becameÐ à 0 Ðdepressed€over€his€immigration€situation€and€returned€to€drug€use.€In€1990,€he€was€againÐ Æ   Ðconvicted€of€possession€of€a€narcotic€and€imprisoned€for€eighteen€months.€After€his€releaseÐ ¬ ü  Ðin€January€1993€he€resumed€living€at€home€with€his€parents€and€his€brother.€He€was€stillÐ ’â  Ðaddicted€to€heroin€and€committed€further€offences€shortly€after€his€release;€he€was€recentlyÐ xÈ  Ðconvicted€on€further€charges€of€breaking€and€entering€and€was€serving€a€one€year€prisonÐ ^®  Ðterm€at€the€time€of€the€submission€of€the€communication.Ð D”  ÐÌ2.3€On€1€May€1985,€the€author€was€ordered€deported€on€the€basis€of€his€criminalÐ ` Ðconvictions.€The€author€appealed€the€deportation€order€to€the€Immigration€Appeal€Board.Ð öF ÐThe€Board€heard€his€appeal€on€25€February€1988€and€dismissed€it€by€judgment€of€30€MarchÐ Ü, Ð1988.€On€26€April€1988,€the€author€petitioned€the€Federal€Court€of€Appeal€for€leave€toÐ Â Ðappeal€of€the€decision€of€the€Immigration€Appeal€Board.€On€31€August€1988€leave€to€appealÐ ¨ø Ðwas€granted.€The€Federal€Court€of€Appeal€heard€the€appeal€on€25€May€1992€and€dismissedÐ ŽÞ Ðit€by€judgment€of€8€June€1992.€On€1€October€1992,€the€author€applied€to€the€Supreme€CourtÐ tÄ Ðof€Canada€for€leave€to€appeal€of€the€decision€of€the€Federal€Court€of€Appeal.€The€SupremeÐ Zª ÐCourt€of€Canada€dismissed€the€application€for€leave€to€appeal€on€21€January€1993.€Thus,€noÐ @ Ðfurther€domestic€remedy€is€said€to€be€available.Ð &v ÐÌ2.4€It€is€stated€that,€after€deportation,€the€author€is€not€able€to€return€to€Canada€without€theÐ òB Ðexpress€consent€of€the€Minister€of€Immigration.€A€Ô_ÔreapplicationÔ_Ô€for€immigration€to€CanadaÐ Ø( Ðwould€not€only€require€ministerial€consent€but€also€that€the€author€meet€all€other€criteria€forÐ ¾ Ðimmigrants.€Because€of€his€convictions,€the€author€would€be€barred€from€readmission€toÐ ¤ô ÐCanada€under€section€19(2)(a)€of€the€Immigration€Act.Ð Š Ú ÐÌ3.1€On€2€June€1994,€counsel€to€the€author€informs€the€Committee€that€the€author€hasÐ V"¦! Ðcompleted€his€prison€sentence€and€that€his€deportation€is€imminent.€She€requests€theÐ <#Œ" ÐCommittee€to€request€the€State€party,€under€rule€86€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€not€to€removeÐ "$r# Ðthe€author€from€Canada€while€his€communication€is€under€consideration€by€the€Committee.Ð %X $ ÐIt€is€submitted€that€the€author's€deportation€will€make€the€author's€rehabilitation€nextÐ î%>!% Ðtoimpossible€and€that€without€a€guarantee€from€the€Canadian€government€that€the€author€willÐ Ô&$"& Ðbe€allowed€to€return€to€Canada,€should€the€Committee€find€that€the€deportation€constitutesÐ º' #' Ða€violation€of€his€rights,€the€deportation€appears€to€be€irrevocable.Ð  (ð#( ÐÌ3.2€On€7€June€1994,€counsel€to€the€author€informs€the€Committee€that,€on€6€June€1994,€theÐ l*¼%* Ðauthor€has€been€removed€from€Canada€to€Rome,€Italy.€According€to€counsel,€the€author€hadÐ R+¢&+ Ðbeen€informed€of€the€date€and€time€of€his€removal€a€few€hours€before€the€removal€was€toÐ 8,ˆ', Ðtake€place.€This€made€it€impossible€for€him€to€get€his€belongings€and€money€from€his€family,Ð -n(- Ðallegedly€contrary€to€normal€procedure.€Counsel€requests€the€Committee€to€request€the€StateÐ ° Ðparty€to€return€the€author€to€Canada,€awaiting€the€outcome€of€the€examination€of€hisÐ –æ Ðcommunication€under€the€Optional€Protocol.€It€is€submitted€that€the€author's€mental€healthÐ |Ì Ðwill€deteriorate€if€he€is€to€stay€in€Italy,€a€country€with€which€he€is€not€familiar€and€where€heÐ b² Ðfeels€isolated,€and€that€this€will€cause€him€irreparable€harm.Ð H˜ ÐÌòòThe€complaintóó:Ð  d ÐÌ4.1€The€author€claims€that€the€facts€as€described€reveal€violations€of€articles€7,€17€and€23,Ð à 0 Ðparagraph€3,€of€the€Covenant,€as€interpreted€in€the€light€of€articles€9,€12€and€13€of€theÐ Æ   ÐCovenant.€He€claims€that€in€respect€of€articles€17€and€23,€the€State€party€has€failed€toÐ ¬ ü  Ðprovide€for€clear€legislative€recognition€of€the€protection€of€privacy,€family€and€home€lifeÐ ’â  Ðof€persons€in€the€author's€position.€In€the€absence€of€such€legislation€which€ensures€thatÐ xÈ  Ðfamily€interests€would€be€given€due€weight€in€administrative€proceedings€such€as,€forÐ ^®  Ðexample,€those€before€the€Immigration€Appeal€Board,€he€claims€there€is€a€ò òprima€facieó ó€issueÐ D”  Ðas€to€whether€Canadian€law€is€compatible€with€the€requirement€of€protection€of€the€family.Ð *z  ÐThe€author€also€refers€to€the€Committee's€General€Comment€15€("The€position€of€aliensÐ ` Ðunder€the€Covenant"),€according€to€which€aliens€may€enjoy€the€protection€of€the€CovenantÐ öF Ðeven€in€relation€to€entry€or€residence,€when€considerations€of€respect€for€family€life€arise.Ð Ü, ÐThe€author€furthermore€refers€to€the€Committee's€General€Comment€on€article€17,€accordingÐ Â Ðto€which€States€have€a€positive€obligation€to€ensure€respect€for€the€right€of€every€person€toÐ ¨ø Ðbe€protected€against€arbitrary€or€unlawful€interference€with€her€privacy,€family€and€home.Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ4.2€The€author€argues€that€his€right€to€family€life€is€violated€by€his€deportation,€since€hisÐ Zª Ðdeportation€separates€him€from€his€nuclear€family€in€Canada,€consisting€of€his€father,€motherÐ @ Ðand€brother,€a€household€unit€of€which€the€unmarried€author€has€always€been€a€part.Ð &v ÐÌ4.3€The€author€further€submits€that€his€rights€to€"privacy"€and€"home"€have€been€violated.Ð òB ÐIt€is€argued€that€the€term€"home"€must€be€interpreted€broadly€and€that€it€should€encompassÐ Ø( Ðthe€community€of€which€an€individual€is€a€part.€In€this€sense,€his€"home"€is€said€to€beÐ ¾ ÐCanada.€It€is€further€argued€that€the€author's€right€to€privacy€includes€being€able€to€liveÐ ¤ô Ðwithin€this€community€without€arbitrary€or€unlawful€interference.€To€the€extent€thatÐ Š Ú ÐCanadian€law€does€not€protect€aliens€against€such€interference,€the€author€claims€a€violationÐ p!À  Ðof€article€17.Ð V"¦! ÐÌ4.4€The€author€further€argues€that€articles€17€and€23,€paragraph€1,€have€been€violated€in€hisÐ "$r# Ðcase,€because€the€interference€with€his€family€and€home,€resulting€from€his€deportation,€isÐ %X $ Ðarbitrary.€According€to€the€author,€the€deportation€of€long„term,€deeply„rooted€andÐ î%>!% Ðsubstantially„connected€resident€aliens€who€have€already€been€duly€punished€for€their€crimesÐ Ô&$"& Ðis€not€related€to€a€legitimate€state€interest.€In€this€connection,€the€author€asserts€that€the€wordÐ º' #' Ð"arbitrary"€in€article€17€should€be€interpreted€in€the€light€of€articles€4,€9,€12€and€13€of€theÐ  (ð#( ÐCovenant.€He€argues€that€"arbitrary€interference"€within€the€meaning€of€article€17€of€theÐ †)Ö$) ÐCovenant€is€interference€which€is€not€"necessary€to€protect€national€security,€public€order,Ð l*¼%* Ðpublic€health€or€morals€or€rights€and€freedoms€of€others"€or€is€not€"consistent€with€otherÐ R+¢&+ Ðrights€recognized€in€the€Covenant".4.5€The€author€contends€that€article€12,€paragraph€4,Ð 8,ˆ', Ðwhich€recognizes€everyone's€right€to€enter€his€own€country,€is€applicable€to€his€situationÐ -n(- Ðsince,€for€all€practical€purposes,€Canada€is€his€"own€country".€His€deportation€from€CanadaÐ ° Ðresults€in€a€statutory€bar€from€reentering€Canada.€In€this€context,€it€is€pointed€out€that€articleÐ –æ Ð12,€paragraph€4,€indicates€that€everyone€has€the€right€to€enter€"his€own€country",€not€just€hisÐ |Ì Ðcountry€of€nationality€or€birth.€It€is€submitted€that€Italy€is€not€the€author's€own€country,€asÐ b² Ðhe€left€it€at€the€age€of€five€and€his€entire€life€is€Ô_ÔcentredÔ_Ô€around€his€family€in€Canada€„€thus,Ð H˜ Ðalthough€not€Canadian€in€a€formal€sense,€he€must€be€considered€a€ò òde€factoó ó€Canadian€Ð . ~ ÐÔ_Ôcitizenòò1Ô_Ôóó.Ð  d ÐÌ4.6€Finally,€the€author€contends€that€the€enforcement€of€the€deportation€order€amounts€toÐ à 0 Ðcruel,€inhuman€and€degrading€treatment€within€the€meaning€of€article€7€of€the€Covenant.€HeÐ Æ   Ðacknowledges€that€the€Committee€has€not€yet€considered€whether€the€permanent€separationÐ ¬ ü  Ðof€an€individual€from€his€family€and€close€relatives€and€the€effective€banishment€of€a€personÐ ’â  Ðfrom€the€only€country€which€he€ever€knew€and€in€which€he€grew€up€can€amount€to€cruel,Ð xÈ  Ðinhuman€or€degrading€treatment;€he€submits,€however,€that€this€issue€should€be€consideredÐ ^®  Ðon€the€meritsòò€2óó.Ð D”  ÐÌ4.7€In€this€connection,€the€author€recalls€that€(a)€he€has€been€residing€in€Canada€since€the€ageÐ ` Ðof€five;€(b)€at€the€time€of€deportation€all€the€members€of€his€immediate€family€resided€inÐ öF ÐCanada;€(c)€while€his€criminal€record€is€extensive,€it€does€not€reveal€that€he€is€a€person€whoÐ Ü, Ðposes€a€danger€to€the€public€safety€since€he€never€committed€crimes€of€violence;€(d)Ð Â Ðalthough€drug€rehabilitation€was€part€of€some€of€his€sentences,€he€received€no€such€treatmentÐ ¨ø Ðwhile€imprisoned€and€was€actually€able€to€obtain€heroin€in€prison;€(e)€the€deportation€fromÐ ŽÞ ÐCanada€has€effectively€severed€all€his€ties€with€Canada;€and€(f)€the€prison€terms€for€hisÐ tÄ Ðvarious€convictions€already€constitute€adequate€and€sufficient€punishment€and€theÐ Zª Ðdeportation€amounts€to€the€imposition€of€additional€punishment.Ð @ ÐÌòòState€party's€comments€on€admissibilityóó:Ð  \ ÐÌ5.€By€submission€of€21€July€1994,€the€State€party€informs€the€Committee€that€it€has€noÐ Ø( Ðcomments€to€offer€on€the€issue€of€admissibility€of€the€communication.€It€reserves€the€rightÐ ¾ Ðto€make€submissions€on€the€merits€of€the€communication,€should€the€Committee€declare€theÐ ¤ô Ðcommunication€admissible.Ð Š Ú ÐÌòòIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committeeóó:Ð V"¦! ÐÌ6.1€Before€considering€any€claims€contained€in€a€communication€the€Human€RightsÐ "$r# ÐCommittee€must,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€decide€whether€or€notÐ %X $ Ðit€is€admissible€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.6.2€The€Committee€notes€thatÐ î%>!% Ðit€is€uncontested€that€there€are€no€further€remedies€for€the€author€to€exhaust,€and€that€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðrequirements€of€article€5,€paragraph€2(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol€have€been€met.Ð º' #' ÐÌ6.3€The€Committee€notes€that€some€of€the€author's€claims€under€article€17€of€the€CovenantÐ †)Ö$) Ðconcern€the€absence€of€legislation€in€Canada€to€guarantee€the€protection€of€the€family€lifeÐ l*¼%* Ðof€permanent€residents€against€whom€an€immigration€enquiry€is€initiated€with€a€view€ofÐ R+¢&+ Ðordering€their€deportation.€The€Committee€recalls€that€it€cannot,€under€the€Optional€ProtocolÐ 8,ˆ', Ðprocedure,€examine€ò òin€abstractoó ó€whether€a€State€party€has€complied€with€its€obligationsÐ -n(- Ðunder€the€Covenant€òò3óó.€To€the€extent€that€the€author's€claims€refer€to€the€failure€of€theÐ ° ÐCanadian€legislature€to€guarantee€the€family€life€of€non„Canadian€residents€in€general,€hisÐ –æ Ðcommunication€is€therefore€inadmissible.Ð |Ì ÐÌ6.4€The€Committee€considers€that€the€author's€claims€that€his€deportation€makes€him€a€victimÐ H˜ Ðof€a€violation€of€articles€7,€12,€paragraph€4,€17€and€23€of€the€Covenant,€should€be€consideredÐ . ~ Ðon€the€merits.Ð  d ÐÌ7.€As€regards€counsel's€request€under€rule€86€of€the€Committee's€rules€of€procedure,€theÐ à 0 ÐCommittee€finds€that€the€author's€deportation€to€Italy€cannot€be€considered€to€constituteÐ Æ   Ð"irreparable€damage"€in€respect€of€the€rights€the€author€considers€violated€by€his€deportation.Ð ¬ ü  ÐShould€the€Committee€find€in€favour€of€the€author€and€conclude€that€his€deportation€wasÐ ’â  Ðcontrary€to€the€Covenant,€the€State€party€would€be€under€an€obligation€to€allow€the€authorÐ xÈ  Ðto€reenter€Canada.€Accordingly,€the€consequences€of€the€deportation,€however€disagreeableÐ ^®  Ðthey€may€be€for€the€author€in€his€present€situation,€do€not€cause€"irreparable€damage"€to€theÐ D”  Ðauthor€in€the€enjoyment€of€his€rights,€which€would€justify€the€granting€of€interim€protectionÐ *z  Ðunder€rule€86€of€the€Committee's€rules€of€procedure.Ð ` ÐÌ8.€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€decides:Ð Ü, ÐÌ(a)€that€the€communication€is€admissible€in€so€far€as€it€appears€to€raise€issues€under€articlesÐ ¨ø Ð7,€12,€paragraph€4,€17€and€23€of€the€Covenant;Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ(b)€that,€in€accordance€with€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€partyÐ Zª Ðshall€be€requested€to€submit€to€the€Committee,€within€six€months€of€the€date€of€transmittalÐ @ Ðto€it€of€this€decision,€written€explanations€or€statements€clarifying€the€matter€and€theÐ &v Ðmeasures,€if€any,€that€may€have€been€taken€by€it;Ð  \ ÐÌ(c)€that€any€explanations€or€statements€received€from€the€State€party€shall€be€communicatedÐ Ø( Ðto€the€author's€counsel€pursuant€to€rule€93,€paragraph€3,€of€the€Committee's€rules€ofÐ ¾ Ðprocedure,€with€the€request€that€any€comments€she€may€wish€to€submit€thereon€should€reachÐ ¤ô Ðthe€Committee,€care€of€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€for€Human€Rights,€United€Nations€Office€in€Geneva,€withinÐ Š Ú Ðsix€weeks€of€the€transmittal;Ð p!À  ÐÌ(d)€that€this€decision€shall€be€transmitted€to€the€State€party€and€to€the€author's€counsel.Ð <#Œ" ÐÓ7ÓÓ  ÓÌ[Done€in€English,€French€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version.]Ð %X $ ÐÌÌòòFootnotesóóÐ º' #' ÐÌ*/€€€All€persons€handling€this€document€are€requested€to€respect€and€observe€its€confidentialÐ †)Ö$) Ðnature.Ð l*¼%* ÐÌ1/€€In€this€context,€counsel€refers€to€the€Committee's€decision€in€òòLovelace€v.€Canadaóó€,€inÐ 8,ˆ', Ðwhich€the€fact€that€the€complainant€was€not€recognized€as€an€Indian€under€CanadianÐ -n(- Ðlegislation€did€not€prevent€the€Committee€from€considering€the€complainant€to€belong€to€theÐ ° Ðminority€concerned€and€to€benefit€from€the€protection€of€article€27€of€the€Covenant.€CounselÐ –æ Ðalso€refers€to€the€judgment€of€the€European€Court€of€Human€Rights€in€the€Ô_ÔBeldjoudiÔ_Ô€caseÐ |Ì Ð(55/1990/246,€26€March€1992).Ð b² ÐÌ2/€€Counsel€refers€to€the€separate€opinion€of€Judge€De€Meyer€of€the€European€Court€ofÐ . ~ ÐHuman€Rights€in€the€Ô_ÔBeldjoudiÔ_Ô€case€,€in€which€it€was€stated€that€the€removal€of€the€applicantÐ  d Ðfrom€his€country€of€residence€and€the€severance€of€the€ties€with€his€wife€and€family€wouldÐ ú J Ðamount€to€inhuman€treatment.Ð à 0 ÐÌ3/€€See€inter€alia€the€Committee's€decisions€with€respect€to€communication€No.€61/1979Ð ¬ ü  Ð(Ô_ÔòòHertzbergÔ_Ô€et€al.€v.€Finlandóó€,€Views€adopted€on€2€April€1982,€paragraph€9.3)€and€No.Ð ’â  Ð163/1984€(€òòC.€et€al.€v.€Italyóó€,€declared€inadmissible€on€10€April€1984,€paragraph€6.2).