ÿWPC‘  t´ÑeÄ8 „ | ˜è»~ɽÖOŒ »Ž“ïè¿ÍäyôSÑÒ2\[íftgÊ{ú´WM¢Îz”>>jœ…ØÊ-u¾NÔÇŸmAŸ 2±-Ç/µÁæ®òZŸÓŸÓ3‰@½ßLÞ%§Tg‘÷°Âv6¦ñ÷7Úð BvÄŽ¯\xÝ-'“lA¤š#72È3^vŠÓ Ïv.[¶sÖ­ üñwY¦®ßÞáýàÈΧÉÁª•):å=m:¼ M]Õ CðpÊu€ÿŽ4yô3¯²{™t–¾ñ¥9²ÆKvêÁí„ÆUV¦gü!¬UžË¹’¡WuŠw^œ 4íZãTbžQê˜HféÆG2ücóÖS¶·T7\Q ¤þ€'9$ª-²òSìé³Y"«¨Ç¼e b?K^Ô¸.Ìhý±išçUæ=tˆ[ôÅsç×›޽iŽÁÇ‘¿6œ°Ó™-ÊÊZ­ƒ`R£hn¼gÎÄøÐçd ìò¡øâc )½³CJdThc¼b³­¯ ùëVŸ · _±GX‹xÑ¡øº¥*üyó‘z¸ÔûÓÝñ•~6.`~2;h8iÔB_—Z:òGEažQjDI¥¬ÚôúÁ‡Ë`J U>ˆÌÆ 0µ’ 0<G 0Yƒ 0_Ü 0i; 0P¤Æô 0Ạ0(› D+à AMî î ; 0ÆK #Á UNÒ % M&(*NR^ Tw`4dx mzô\  `‹&Times New Roman' Raul Cariboni v. Uruguay, Communication No. 159/1983 (27 October 1987), U.N. Doc. Supp. No4), U.N. Doc. Supp. No"Angie Dituri"0Angie Dituri .   6F , ÿÿ4Heading 3Ô S ÔÓ p^SÓÔ€£££Ôò òÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ€XXXÔó óÓ p^SÓ<ÿÿ:Default Para6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ  ÔóóÔ  Ô< ÿÿ:Normal (Web)Ô S ÔÓ =jSÓÓ =jSÓ0ÿÿ.Strongò òÔ  Ôó óÔ  Ô Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(¹2 T$££Ý ƒ¶Æ!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X»§XXXÔÔ€X»§XXX»§ÔÔÔÝ  Ý(ÿÿ$’’'dxd A<< cÿÿ#|x(ž¶Æ$¡¡ÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X­ÿXXXÔÔ€X­ÿXXX­ÿÔÔÔ˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - Standard,ä,,,,,ä0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularXˉû* Äpì*c(„³CorelÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒ¶Æ!ÝÒܰÒÒܰÒÔ..ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X»§XXXÔÔ€X»§XXX»§ÔÔÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€v.€UruguayóóÐ |Ì ÐÌCommunication€No.€159/1983Ð H˜ ÐÌ27€October€1987Ð  d ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Ruth€Ô_ÔMagriÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€(alleged€victim's€wife)€„€later€joined€by€RaulÐ xÈ  ÐÔ_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€as€co„author€Ð ^®  ÐÌòòAlleged€victim:€óóRaul€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_ԀР*z  ÐÌòòState€party€concerned:€óóUruguay€Ð öF ÐÌòòDate€of€communication:€óó18€October€1983€(date€of€initial€letter)€Ð  ÐÌòòDate€of€decision€on€admissibility:€óó22€October€1985€óóÐ ŽÞ ÐÌÌòòÓ  ÓThe€Human€Rights€Committee,€óóestablished€under€article€28€of€the€International€CovenantÐ @ Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð &v ÐÌòòMeeting€óóon€27€October€1987,€Ð òB ÐÌòòHaving€concluded€óóits€consideration€of€communication€No.€159/1983,€submitted€to€theÐ ¾ ÐCommittee€by€Ruth€Ô_ÔMagriÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€and€Raul€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€theÐ ¤ô ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð Š Ú ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€account€óóall€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theÐ V"¦! Ðcommunication€and€by€the€State€party€concerned,€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌòòAdopts€óóthe€following:€Ð %X $ ÐÌÌòòÓ  Óò òViews€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocolóó€ó óÐ º' #' ÐÓ_ÓÌÌ1.€The€original€author€of€the€communication€(initial€letter€dated€18€October€1983€and€furtherÐ l*¼%* Ðsubmission€dated€10€July€1984),€Ruth€Ô_ÔMagriÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô,€is€a€Uruguayan€national€residingÐ R+¢&+ Ðin€Uruguay.€She€submitted€the€communication€on€behalf€of€her€husband€Raul€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€daÐ 8,ˆ', ÐSilva,€a€Uruguayan€national€born€on€22€December€1930,€former€professor€of€history€andÐ -n(- Ðgeography,€who€was€detained€in€Uruguay€from€1973€until€13€December€1984.€He€joined€asÐ ° Ðco„author€of€the€communication€after€his€release€(letter€of€26€August€1985).€Ð –æ ÐÌ2.1€Ruth€Ô_ÔMagriÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€states€that€her€husband€was€arrested€on€23€March€1973€andÐ b² Ðalleges€that€he€was€subjected€to€torture.€Confessions€obtained€under€torture€were€allegedlyÐ H˜ Ðlater€used€in€the€penal€proceedings€leading€to€his€conviction.€On€the€fourth€day€after€hisÐ . ~ Ðarrest€he€suffered€a€heart€attack.€Subsequent€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Optional€ProtocolÐ  d Ðfor€Uruguay€on€23€March€1976,€Mr.€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€was€allegedly€again€subjected€to€torture€(inÐ ú J ÐApril€and€May€1976)€and€suffered€a€second€heart€attack.€Ð à 0 ÐÌ2.2€Mrs.€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€also€states€that€on€4€May€1973€Mr.€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô's€case€was€submitted€to€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðmilitary€judge€of€first€instance,€who€ordered€his€preventive€detention.€He€was€keptÐ ’â  Ðincommunicado€for€42€days€with€no€access€to€counsel.€On€25€May€1973,€he€was€transferredÐ xÈ  Ðto€Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô€Prison.€On€4€May€1973,€Mr.€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€was€charged€with€"subversive€association"Ð ^®  Ðand€"attempts€against€the€Constitution€in€the€degree€of€conspiracy,€followed€by€preparatoryÐ D”  Ðacts".€Proceedings€against€him€lasted€for€six€years€and€the€Supreme€Military€TribunalÐ *z  Ðsentenced€him€in€1979€to€15€years'€imprisonment€on€the€basis€of€confessions€that€had€beenÐ ` Ðextracted€by€torture.€No€further€remedies€were€available€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€following€theÐ öF Ðsentence€of€the€Military€Tribunal,€since€the€extraordinary€review€by€cassation€can€onlyÐ Ü, Ðexamine€errors€of€law,€but€not€reopen€the€case€to€verify€the€facts.€Mrs.€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€drawsÐ Â Ðattention€to€the€irregularities€in€the€proceedings€which€were€instituted€against€Mr.€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_ÔÐ ¨ø Ðby€the€military€courts,€in€which€violations€of€his€right€to€a€fair€and€public€hearing€allegedlyÐ ŽÞ Ðtook€place€with€regard€to€his€right€to€an€independent€and€impartial€tribunal,€since€militaryÐ tÄ Ðcourts€during€the€years€of€military€dictatorship€were€neither€independent€nor€impartial,€hisÐ Zª Ðright€to€be€presumed€innocent€until€proven€guilty,€because€he€was€presumed€guilty€as€of€theÐ @ Ðarrest€and€treated€as€such,€his€right€to€be€tried€without€undue€delay,€because€the€sentence€wasÐ &v Ðpronounced€six€and€a€half€years€after€the€arrest,€his€right€to€counsel,€because€he€had€no€legalÐ  \ Ðassistance€while€he€was€incommunicado,€and€the€sentence€was€based€on€confessionsÐ òB Ðobtained€under€torture€during€that€period€and€his€right€not€to€be€compelled€to€testify€againstÐ Ø( Ðhimself€or€to€confess€guilt,€since€he€was€tortured€to€obtain€a€confession€against€himself€inÐ ¾ Ð1973€and€in€1976.€Mrs.€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€states€that€all€these€alleged€violations€of€his€right€to€a€fairÐ ¤ô Ðhearing€made€possible€his€arbitrary€15„year€sentence.€Ð Š Ú ÐÌ2.3€Mrs.€Ô_ÔCariboniÔ_Ô€further€states€that€the€conditions€under€which€her€husband€served€hisÐ V"¦! Ðsentence€were€cruel,€inhuman€and€degrading.€The€prison€was€used€exclusively€for€politicalÐ <#Œ" Ðoffenders€and€it€was€administered€by€military€personnel€on€short„term€service€and€not€byÐ "$r# Ðspecialized€personnel.€Prisoners€remained€in€their€small€cells€for€23€hours€a€day;€the€one„Ð %X $ Ðhour€"recreation"€was€Ô_Ôa11egedlyÔ_Ô€afforded€arbitrarily€and€in€an€unpredictable€manner.Ð î%>!% ÐPrisoners€were€allowed€to€read€only€certain€books€and€many€had€been€withdrawn€or€evenÐ Ô&$"& Ðdestroyed€(books€donated€by€the€International€Committee€of€the€Red€Cross€(Ô_ÔICRCÔ_Ô)€wereÐ º' #' Ðopenly€burnt€in€February€1983).€Visits€from€relatives€were€frequently€cancelled€arbitrarily;Ð  (ð#( Ðprisoners€were€isolated€from€the€outside€world€and€kept€under€constant€psychologicalÐ †)Ö$) Ðpressure.€Allegedly,€the€purpose€of€detention€in€Ô_ÔLibertadÔ_Ô€Prison€was€thus€not€to€rehabilitateÐ l*¼%* Ðthe€prisoner€but€to€break€him€physically€and€psychologically.€The€goal€was€to€depersonalizeÐ R+¢&+ Ðprisoners,€to€keep€them€in€uncertainty,€to€deprive€them€of€routine€and€an€orderly€scheduleÐ 8,ˆ', Ðof€activities,€to€intimidate€them€by€unannounced€raids€on€their€cells.€Ð -n(- ÐÔ_Ô‡2.4€Mrs.€Cariboni€expressed€deep€concern€about€her€husband's€state€of€health.€She€mentionedÐ ° Ðthat€he€had€suffered€two€heart€attacks€during€torture.€He€was€examined€in€December€1976Ð –æ Ðat€the€Central€Hospital€of€the€Armed€Forces€and€the€medical€board€concluded€that€only€heartÐ |Ì Ðsurgery€could€save€him.€He€was€examined€again€in€December€1978€and€in€1982€at€a€privateÐ b² Ðclinic€and€advised€to€have€special€examinations€(phonocardiograms)€every€six€months,€butÐ H˜ Ðsuch€examinations€were€not€made€possible€in€the€prison.€Mrs.€Cariboni€also€stated€that€herÐ . ~ Ðhusband€was€listed€by€ICRC€among€the€prisoners€in€the€most€precarious€state€of€health,€afterÐ  d Ðvisits€made€in€1980€and€in€1983,€and€that€he€was€in€danger€of€dying€suddenly€unless€heÐ ú J Ðreceived€adequate€medical€attention€and€could€enjoy€conditions€of€life€different€from€thoseÐ à 0 Ðhe€was€subjected€to€in€prison.€Ð Æ   ÐÌ2.5€Mrs.€Cariboni€indicated€that€the€same€matter€had€been€submitted€to€the€Inter„AmericanÐ ’â  ÐCommission€of€Human€Rights€(IACHR)€but€that€the€case€had€been€withdrawn€by€letter€ofÐ xÈ  Ð23€August€1983.€The€secretariat€of€IACHR€confirmed€that€the€case€of€Rau1€Cariboni€daÐ ^®  ÐSilva€was€not€before€that€body.€Ð D”  ÐÌ3.1€By€its€decision€of€22€March€1984,€the€Working€Group€of€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ ` Ðdecided€that€Mrs.€Cariboni€was€justified€in€acting€on€behalf€of€her€husband€and€transmittedÐ öF Ðthe€communication€under€rule€91€of€the€provisional€rules€of€procedure€to€the€State€partyÐ Ü, Ðconcerned,€requesting€information€and€observations€relevant€to€the€question€of€admissibilityÐ Â Ðof€the€communication.€The€Working€Group€also€requested€the€State€party€to€provide€theÐ ¨ø ÐCommittee€with€information€on€the€state€of€health€of€Raul€Cariboni€da€Silva.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ3.2€Under€cover€of€a€note€dated€6€February€1985,€the€State€party€furnished€the€CommitteeÐ Zª Ðwith€a€list€of€names€of€persons€who€had€been€released€from€prison€since€August€1984.€TheÐ @ Ðlist€contained€the€name€of€Mr.€Cariboni€da€Silva,€and€gave€the€date€of€his€release€as€13Ð &v ÐDecember€1984.€No€further€information€has€been€received€from€the€State€party€concerningÐ  \ Ðhis€case.€Ð òB ÐÌ4.€By€a€letter€of€26€August€1985,€the€alleged€victim€himself,€Raul€Cariboni€da€Silva,Ð ¾ Ðrequested€the€Human€Rights€Committee€to€continue€consideration€of€the€case€against€theÐ ¤ô ÐState€of€Uruguay,€although€the€current€Government€of€Uruguay,€which€took€office€on€1Ð Š Ú ÐMarch€1985,€should€not€be€held€morally€responsible€for€the€violations€of€the€InternationalÐ p!À  ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€which€he€had€suffered.€He€confirmed€the€informationÐ V"¦! Ðsubmitted€by€his€wife,€but€added€the€following€details€and€clarifications€concerning€his€trialÐ <#Œ" Ðand€treatment€while€in€detention:€Ð "$r# ÐÌ"In€the€communication€it€is€stated€that€I€was€apparently€convicted€on€the€basis€of€statementsÐ î%>!% Ðextracted€from€me€under€torture€in€Mechanized€Cavalry€Regiment€No.€4,€the€unit€where€IÐ Ô&$"& Ðwas€detained.€I€confirm€this,€with€the€following€clarification.€In€the€light€of€the€statementsÐ º' #' Ðin€question,€the€Office€of€the€Prosecutor€requested€a€sentence€of€nine€years'€imprisonmentÐ  (ð#( Ðand€then,€on€the€basis€of€the€same€charges,€without€further€judicial€investigation,€without€anyÐ †)Ö$) Ðfurther€charges€and€hence€without€further€evidence,€I€was€sentenced€on€first€instance€to€13Ð l*¼%* Ðyears'€imprisonment€and€on€final€instance€by€the€Supreme€Military€Court,€to€15€years'Ð R+¢&+ Ðimprisonment.€Of€this€15€years'€sentence,€I€served€11€years€and€8€months€in€prison.€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ð"It€is€thus€apparent€that,€on€the€same€charge,€I€was€sentenced€to€six€years€more€than€theÐ ° Ðpenalty€requested€by€the€Office€of€the€Prosecutor.€Ð –æ ÐÌ"From€the€foregoing,€it€will€be€clear€that€the€effects€of€the€violations€of€human€rights€priorÐ b² Ðto€the€entry€into€force€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€inÐ H˜ Ðconnection€with€my€arrest,€interrogation€and€trial€in€March„April€1973€extended€well€beyondÐ . ~ Ðthe€date€of€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant.€The€legal€irregularities€mentionedÐ  d Ð(increasing€the€sentence€from€9€to€15€years'€imprisonment€without€any€further€evidence)Ð ú J Ðoccurred€subsequent€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant:€the€sentence€on€first€instanceÐ à 0 Ðwas€handed€down€in€1977€and€the€sentence€on€second€instance€in€1979.€Ð Æ   ÐÌ"The€statements€which€were€extracted€from€me€under€torture€do€not€include€any€referenceÐ ’â  Ðto€a€classifiable€offence€or€any€act€of€violence€and€relate€solely€to€participation€in€political,Ð xÈ  Ðideological€and€trade„union€activities€considered€as€offences€by€virture€of€the€rules€enactedÐ ^®  Ðunder€the€state€of€emergency€and€applied€during€that€period€by€the€military€courts.€Thus,Ð D”  Ðeven€under€torture,€not€a€shred€of€evidence€was€obtained€to€substantiate€the€penaltyÐ *z  Ðrequested€by€the€Office€of€the€Prosecutor€and€still€less€the€heavier€penalties€handed€downÐ ` Ðby€the€courts€of€first€and€final€instance.€Ð öF ÐÌ"With€regard€to€the€torture€to€which€I€was€subjected€subsequent€to€the€entry€into€force€of€theÐ Â ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€I€wish€to€state€the€following.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ"On€4€April€1976,€I€was€unexpectedly€taken€from€Libertad€Prison€early€in€the€morning.€MyÐ tÄ Ðhead€was€covered€with€a€hood€and€I€was€taken,€lying€on€the€floor€of€a€military€vehicle,€to€theÐ Zª Ðheadquarters€of€a€military€unit€which€I€am€now€able€to€identify€as€one€of€the€places€ofÐ @ Ðinterrogation€of€the€Antisubversion€Commandos€Organization€(OCOA)€at€the€barracks€ofÐ &v ÐMechanized€Infantry€Battalion€No.€13,€at€Avenida€de€las€Instrucciones€No.€1933.€Ð  \ ÐÌ"There€I€was€kept€hooded€and€sitting€up€straight€day€and€night€òò('planton€de€silla'€óóor€òò'cine',€óóinÐ Ø( Ðthe€jargon€of€the€torturers)€until€11€April€1976.€I€was€not€allowed€to€move,€and€the€little€foodÐ ¾ ÐI€was€given€had€to€be€eaten€by€kneeling€on€the€floor€and€using€the€same€chair€as€a€table.Ð ¤ô ÐÌ"We€were€given€the€food€„€usually€a€very€hot€clear€soup€with€hardly€anything€in€it€„€in€a€tinÐ p!À  Ðbowl€and€nothing€else,€so€that€we€had€to€use€our€fingers.€Under€the€hood,€I€had€beenÐ V"¦! Ðblindfolded€with€towelling€material€which€made€my€eyes€inflamed€and€purulent,€somethingÐ <#Œ" Ðthat€continued€for€a€number€of€days€even€after€the€blindfold€was€removed€when€I€left€OCOAÐ "$r# Ðon€11€April€1976.€My€wrists€were€bound€with€wire€all€the€time€and€I€was€taken€only€twiceÐ %X $ Ða€day€to€the€bathroom.€Ð î%>!% ÐÌ"The€only€opportunity€I€had€to€sleep€was€on€the€cement€floor€when€I€fell€unconscious€fromÐ º' #' Ðthe€chair,€fainting€from€exhaustion€or€overcome€by€sleep.€I€was€roused€with€kicks,€even€toÐ  (ð#( Ðmy€head,€and€only€when€I€fell€down€repeatedly,€thus€showing€that€I€had€no€strength€to€stayÐ †)Ö$) Ðseated€in€the€chair,€was€I€permitted€to€lie€on€the€floor.€I€was€then€allowed€to€sleep,€forÐ l*¼%* Ðperiods€I€cannot€estimate€precisely.€I€was€not€given€any€regular€medical€care,€and€wasÐ R+¢&+ Ðwatched€over€only€by€a€male€military€nurse€who€was€on€guard€all€the€time.€Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÐ -n(- Ð"I€fainted€on€several€occasions€and€for€two€of€them€I€have€definite€reason€to€believe€I€wasÐ ° Ðinjected€with€substances€about€which€I€was€not€told€anything.€There€is€no€doubt€that€I€wasÐ –æ Ðgiven€hallucinogenic€substances,€but€I€do€not€know€whether€this€was€done€orally€(with€theÐ |Ì Ðfood)€or€by€injection.€Drugs€of€this€kind€were€certainly€used,€because€their€effects€are€clearlyÐ b² Ðperceptible.€Ð H˜ ÐÌ"The€method€chiefly€used€in€my€case€was€mental€torture.€For€many€hours€at€a€time€I€couldÐ  d Ðhear€piercing€shrieks€which€appeared€to€come€(and€perhaps€did€come)€from€an€interrogationÐ ú J Ðunder€torture;€the€shrieks€were€accompanied€by€loud€noises€and€by€music€played€at€a€veryÐ à 0 Ðhigh€volume.€I€was€repeatedly€threatened€with€torture€and€on€several€occasions€I€wasÐ Æ   Ðabruptly€transferred€to€other€places,€amid€threats€and€ill„treatment.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌ"I€lost€any€notion€of€time€because€I€was€hooded€for€such€a€prolonged€period,€and€it€wasÐ xÈ  Ðimpossible€to€keep€count€of€day€or€night.€I€suffered€a€feeling€of€oppression€and€persistentÐ ^®  Ðpain€in€the€chest.€On€two€occasions,€I€experienced€suffocation€and€acute€pain€in€the€chest€andÐ D”  Ðshouted€out€to€the€guard.€The€result€was€that€I€was€made€to€swallow€pills,€but€was€still€keptÐ *z  Ðsitting€up€straight,€with€the€hood€on.€Ð ` ÐÌ"On€one€occasion,€I€fainted€with€breathing€trouble;€while€I€was€semi„unconscious€and€inÐ Ü, Ðacute€pain,€I€realized€I€was€being€given€an€injection€and€I€heard€someone€say€that€it€was€aÐ Â Ð'heart€attack'.€After€that€incident€(perhaps€on€the€Thursday€or€Friday€of€that€week),€I€wasÐ ¨ø Ðallowed€to€lie€longer€on€the€floor,€but€after€auscultation€by€somebody€(as€I€said,€the€hoodÐ ŽÞ Ðwas€never€removed),€I€was€taken€back€to€the€chair.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ"Two,€perhaps€three€days€later,€I€was€sent€to€the€prisoner's€depot€at€Infantry€Battalion€No.Ð @ Ð4,€which€had€its€headquarters€in€Colonia;€there€I€was€examined,€on€admission€to€the€depot,Ð &v Ðby€the€unit's€Army€Medical€Corps€doctor.€He€ordered€that€I€should€be€provided€with€pillowsÐ  \ Ðand€that€my€hood€should€be€lifted€while€I€was€in€the€cramped€space€(a€stable€box€withoutÐ òB Ðdoors)€where€I€was€to€stay€for€approximately€one€and€a€half€months,€after€which€I€was€onceÐ Ø( Ðagain€transferred€to€Libertad€Prison.€I€was€taken€back€to€the€prison€at€the€end€of€May€1976."€Ð ¾ ÐÌ5.1€Before€considering€any€claim€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€RightsÐ Š Ú ÐCommittee€must,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€provisional€rules€of€procedure,€decideÐ p!À  Ðwhether€the€communication€is€admissible€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€InternationalÐ V"¦! ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌ5.2€The€Human€Rights€Committee€therefore€ascertained,€as€required€under€article€5,Ð %X $ Ðparagraph€2€(a),€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€that€the€same€matter€was€not€being€examinedÐ î%>!% Ðunder€another€procedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement.€As€regards€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðrequirement€of€prior€exhaustion€of€domestic€remedies,€the€Committee€concluded,€based€onÐ º' #' Ðthe€information€before€it,€that€there€were€no€further€domestic€remedies€that€the€author€couldÐ  (ð#( Ðhave€resorted€to€in€the€particular€circumstances€of€his€case.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌ6.€On€22€October€1985,€the€Committee€therefore€decided€that€the€communication€wasÐ R+¢&+ Ðadmissible€in€so€far€as€it€related€to€events€said€to€have€occurred€on€or€after€23€March€1976,Ð 8,ˆ', Ðthe€date€on€which€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Uruguay.€Ð -n(- Ї7.€In€its€submission€under€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€dated€24€JulyÐ ° Ð1986,€the€new€Government€of€the€State€party€observed:€Ð –æ ÐÌ"1.€The€unfortunate€events€which€occurred€in€Uruguay€in€1973€led€to€a€breakdown€in€the€ruleÐ b² Ðof€law.€This€state€of€affairs€lasted€until€the€year€1985,€when€the€authorities€electedÐ H˜ Ðdemocratically€in€1984€took€over.€Ð . ~ ÐÌ"2.€On€8€March€1985,€the€democratic€Government€of€Uruguay€promulgated€Act€No.€15,737Ð ú J Ðfor€the€purpose€of€ensuring€national€reintegration€and€peace.€In€this€context,€among€otherÐ à 0 Ðmeasures,€a€broad€and€generous€amnesty€was€promulgated€in€respect€of€all€political€offences,Ð Æ   Ðas€well€as€all€ordinary€military€offences€connected€with€political€offences,€committed€sinceÐ ¬ ü  Ð1€January€1962.€Ð ’â  ÐÌ"3.€Pursuant€to€the€above„mentioned€Act,€prisoners€covered€by€it€were€released,€budgetaryÐ ^®  Ðallocations€for€prisons€were€cancelled,€all€restrictive€measures€still€pending€with€regard€toÐ D”  Ðthe€property€of€the€amnestied€persons€were€lifted€and€all€sums€of€money€deposited€as€bailÐ *z  Ðwere€returned.€Ð ` ÐÌ"4.€As€for€public€officials€dismissed€on€ideological,€political€or€trade„union€grounds,€or€inÐ Ü, Ða€purely€arbitrary€fashion,€Act€No.€15,783€of€28€November€1985€acknowledged€their€rightÐ Â Ðto€be€reinstated€in€their€respective€posts,€with€restoration€of€their€career€rights.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ"5.€Since€neither€the€original€author€of€the€communication,€Mrs.€Ruth€Magri€de€Cariboni,Ð tÄ Ðnor€Mr.€Raul€Cariboni€da€Silva,€seem€to€have€appeared€before€the€democratic€authorities€ofÐ Zª ÐUruguay€to€claim€their€rights,€it€would€be€appropriate€for€the€person€concerned€to€beÐ @ Ðinformed€that€all€the€procedures€provided€for€in€the€Constitution€and€laws€of€the€RepublicÐ &v Ðof€Uruguay€are€available€to€him€for€the€submission€of€his€case."€Ð  \ ÐÌ8.€The€State€party's€submission,€together€with€the€text€of€Act€No.€15,737€were€forwarded€toÐ Ø( Ðthe€author€for€comments€on€4€September€1986.€No€further€comments€from€the€author€haveÐ ¾ Ðbeen€received.€Ð ¤ô ÐÌ9.1€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€having€examined€the€present€communication€in€the€lightÐ p!À  Ðof€all€the€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties€as€provided€in€article€5,€paragraphÐ V"¦! Ð1,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€hereby€decides€to€base€its€views€on€the€following€facts,€whichÐ <#Œ" Ðappear€uncontested.€Ð "$r# ÐÌ9.2€Raul€Cariboni€was€arrested€on€23€March€1973,€charged€with€"subversive€association"Ð î%>!% Ðand€"attempts€against€the€Constitution€in€the€degree€of€conspiracy,€followed€by€preparatoryÐ Ô&$"& Ðacts".€He€was€forced€to€make€a€confession,€which€was€later€used€as€evidence€in€the€militaryÐ º' #' Ðpenal€proceedings€against€him.€Proceedings€against€him€lasted€six€years.€Although€theÐ  (ð#( Ðprosecutor€requested€a€sentence€of€nine€years'€imprisonment,€he€was€sentenced€in€1979€toÐ †)Ö$) Ð15€years'€imprisonment€by€the€Supreme€Military€Court,€partly€on€the€basis€of€his€forcedÐ l*¼%* Ðconfession.€He€served€11€years€and€eights€months€of€his€sentence€before€his€release€on€13Ð R+¢&+ ÐDecember€1984.€From€4€to€11€April€1976,€he€was€subjected€to€torture€for€the€purpose€ofÐ 8,ˆ', Ðextracting€information€with€regard€to€his€ideological€convictions,€political€and€trade„unionÐ -n(- Ðactivities.€His€treatment€during€detention€at€Infantry€Battalion€No.€4€and€at€Libertad€PrisonÐ ° Ðwas€inhuman€and€degrading.'€Ð –æ ÐÌ9.3€In€formulating€its€views,€the€Committee€has€taken€account€of€the€change€of€governmentÐ b² Ðin€Uruguay€on€1€March€1985€and€the€enactment€of€special€legislation€aimed€at€theÐ H˜ Ðrestoration€of€rights€of€victims€of€the€previous€military€regime.€Ð . ~ ÐÌ10.€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€OptionalÐ ú J ÐProtocol€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€is€of€the€view€that€theÐ à 0 Ðfacts€as€found€by€the€Committee,€in€so€far€as€they€occurred€after€23€March€1976€(the€dateÐ Æ   Ðon€which€the€Covenant€and€the€Optional€Protocol€entered€into€force€for€Uruguay),€discloseÐ ¬ ü  Ðviolations€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€particularly€of:€Ð ’â  ÐÌArticle€7,€because€Raul€Cariboni€was€subjected€to€torture€and€inhuman€and€degradingÐ ^®  Ðtreatment;€Ð D”  ÐÌArticle€10,€paragraph€1,€because€he€was€subjected€to€inhuman€prison€conditions€until€hisÐ ` Ðrelease€in€December€1984;€and€Ð öF ÐÌArticle€14,€paragraph€1,€paragraph€3€(c)€and€paragraph€3€(g),€because€he€was€compelled€toÐ Â Ðtestify€against€himself€and€was€denied€a€fair€and€public€hearing,€without€undue€delay,€by€anÐ ¨ø Ðindependent€and€impartial€tribunal.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌ11.1€The€Committee,€accordingly,€is€of€the€view€that€the€State€party€is€under€an€obligationÐ Zª Ðto€take€effective€measures€to€remedy€the€violations€which€Rail€Cariboni€has€suffered€and,Ð @ Ðin€particular,€to€grant€his€adequate€compensation€Ð &v ÐÌ11.2€The€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€for€the€measures€taken€by€the€State€partyÐ òB Ðsince€March€1985€to€ensure€observance€of€the€Covenant€and€co„operation€with€theÐ Ø( ÐCommittee.Ð ¾ ÐÌÌòòNotesóó€Ð p!À  ÐÌa/€€€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€General€Assembly,.€Forty„first€Session,€Supplement€No.€40Ð <#Œ" Ðóó(A/41/40),€annex€VI.€