ÿWPC5  1ÝÍøb}†!" 9G[/B+¥¶ôç, ä&ÝÂc!œ¿{‡ÐoÝÕ5½Úô{”Ôï¦ÐçlÊL÷’c†Ê 㚦’¶@öNÖî#‚߀œå1N˜¾ö­ZBY `û¦Íº{Ï{À ŽbéÑô³žº“\X*Š«›}5—ulP2klYO‘^dѶódFGŒ8”íJ™@öZƒ‰>$è{‹'žMæ|yðz÷ãà˜íz;ªë²³ñÅkAüŒlñliq ¾:::ª f©K°ç9Qf>¯l.å` Ð¢c³0.8Ćùäs­’Ð-f°e1‘4œ0 ó*KÄ5Fç–'‰ìpع¤’Ç‘¹Æ.øüJ·5þŠ^ÓUë/Ñhã=B¦š‰ßy³™èÊx׋ºà:}K|p…­I>cS÷ù –âu‹,»0¾œ”ÎcòŸéü¹¿~øEžtŸiE¡³RYñeÏ¡+@„ L¯,A5ÑÞÌ·@³'æ4Ú3.Y²Ï¤ú©ßNÞ]S¼G¨®C%ù'ó €nþ6¬ì³¥c$9ÝÛaša’;Zñ’>S²@³ E꤬•<ÅVªAµ ²µÓ:@íb‡8å\âIZ-¢?Á #ÁšUN[ %© 0:¯^ éwõ4ù  m˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - StandardÈÐððÈÐ0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ô4š), tQ+ œì3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  Óò òHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ ° ÐÌòòÔ_ÔKeshavjeeÔ_Ô€v.€CanadaóóÐ à ÐÌCommunication€No€949/2000Ð pÀ ÐÌ2€November€2000Ð P   ÐÌÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/70/D/949/2000€Ð 0 € ÐÌÌADMISSIBILITYó óÐ P  ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Mr.€Ameer€Ô_ÔKeshavjeeÔ_ԀРР ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€The€author€Ð ° ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Canada€Ð à ÐÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€4€June€1996€(initial€submission)€Ð pÀ ÐóóÌÌà  àòòThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€onÐ @ ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð 0€ ÐÌà  àòòMeeting€onóó€2€November€2000€Ð ` ÐÌà  àòòAdopts€the€followingóó:€Ð ð@ ÐÌÌÓ=ÓÓ  ÓòòDecision€on€Admissibility€óóÐ À! ÐÓòÓÓÓÌÌ1€€The€author€of€the€communication€is€Ameer€Ô_ÔKeshavjeeÔ_Ô,€a€Canadian€national,€born€4€October€1938.Ð $à" ÐHe€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€a€violation€by€Canada€of€Articles€14,€25(c)€and€26€of€the€InternationalÐ €%Ð # ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€€Ð p&À!$ ÐÌò òThe€facts€as€presented€ó óÐ P( #& ÐÌ2.1€€The€author€was€employed€by€Revenue€Canada€from€19€September€1989€as€a€Collection€ContactÐ 0*€%( ÐOfficer€after€successfully€passing€the€relevant€examinations.€The€appointment€was€probationary€toÐ  +p&) Ð9€April€1990.€On€15€March€1990,€the€author€passed€a€further€examination€and€was€offered€anÐ ,`'* Ðappointment€as€Collection€Enforcement€Officer€to€commence€9€April€1990€for€a€12€monthÐ -P(+ Ðprobationary€period.€On€31€July€1990€the€author€received€written€advice€from€the€Collection€GroupÐ ð-@), ÐSupervisor€that€five€test€checks€of€the€author's€work€between€November€1989€and€July€1990€hadÐ ° Ðshown€unsatisfactory€performance.€These€tests€were€conducted€on€8€November€1989,€10€JanuaryÐ  ð Ð1990,€5€March€1990,€22€June€1990€and€10€July€1990.€Ð à ÐÌ2.2€€On€31€July€1990,€the€author€was€given€90€days€to€correct€these€deficiencies€or€have€theÐ pÀ Ðprobationary€appointment€terminated.€He€was€also€advised€that€three€test€checks€would€be€performedÐ ` ° Ðduring€that€90€day€period.€He€contends€that€this€was€the€first€notice€he€had€received€that€hisÐ P   Ðperformance€was€less€than€acceptable.€He€also€alleges€that€the€whole€Unit's€production€had€beenÐ @  Ðdown€but€no€other€employee€had€received€such€a€letter.€On€29€August€1990,€the€author€was€advisedÐ 0 € Ðthat,€due€to€unsatisfactory€performance,€the€usually€payable€pay€increment€commencing€19Ð  p  ÐSeptember€1990€would€be€denied.€This€withholding€appears€to€be€a€standard€procedure€in€casesÐ `  Ðwhere€management€determines€that€an€employee€is€not€performing€at€an€acceptable€level.€On€28Ð P  ÐNovember€1990,€the€author's€probationary€appointment€was€terminated.€Ð ð@  ÐÌ2.3€€With€the€assistance€and€advice€of€the€Union€of€Tax€Employees,€the€author€challenged€the€failureÐ Ð  Ðto€provide€the€pay€increment€and€the€termination€of€appointment€through€four€levels€of€internalÐ À Ðcomplaint€procedures€(details€unspecified).€That€process€concluded€on€22€January€1992€with€adviceÐ ° Ðof€the€final€level€hearing.€The€pay€increment€was€restored€at€the€third€level€hearing,€but€theÐ  ð Ðtermination€was€not€reversed€at€any€point.€Ð à ÐÌ2.4€€In€October€1991,€the€author€complained€to€the€Canadian€Human€Rights€Commission€allegingÐ pÀ Ðthat€he€was€discriminated€against€on€the€basis€of€his€race,€colour€and€national€or€ethnic€origin€(EastÐ `° ÐIndian)€in€the€termination€of€his€employment.€The€Commission,€after€full€investigation,€found€thatÐ P  Ðthe€author's€performance€had€not€improved€as€advised,€and€that€other€collection€officers€were€treatedÐ @ Ðin€the€same€way€as€the€author.€It€concluded€in€August€1992€that€the€complaint€was€unfounded.€TheÐ 0€ Ðauthor€made€a€further€approach€to€the€Commission€to€review€its€decision,€which€was€also€denied.€Ð  p ÐÌ2.5€€In€November€1992,€the€author€complained€to€the€Public€Service€Commission€of€Canada€inÐ P Ðrespect€of€his€case.€That€complaint€was€dismissed€in€December€1992.€The€author€has€made€a€varietyÐ ð@ Ðof€further€attempts€to€secure€redress€through€the€Prime€Minister,€the€Minister€of€National€RevenueÐ à0 Ðand€Members€of€Parliament.€He€has€not€proceeded€with€any€further€Court€action,€for€instance€in€theÐ Ð  ÐFederal€Court€of€Canada.€He€contends€that€such€recourse€would€be€pointless,€as€the€Federal€Court'sÐ À! Ðreview€of€decisions€of€the€Human€Rights€Commission€is€confined€to€matters€of€jurisdiction€andÐ °"  Ðprocedural€fairness.€Ð  #ð! ÐÌò òThe€complaint€ó óÐ €%Ð # ÐÌ3.1€€The€author€raises€two€main€complaints.€The€first€complaint€is€against€the€Union€of€TaxationÐ `'°"% ÐEmployees,€representing€the€author€in€the€internal€grievance€proceedings.€He€alleges€that€the€unionÐ P( #& Ðfailed€to€explain€the€proper€appeal€procedures€applicable€to€his€case,€and€that€the€union€had€againstÐ @)$' Ðhis€wishes€excluded€him€from€certain€hearings.€He€also€alleges€that€members€of€the€Union€arrangedÐ 0*€%( Ðfor€his€dismissal.€Ð  +p&) ÐÌ3.2€€The€essence€of€the€author's€main€complaint€relates€to€his€allegation€of€discrimination€in€theÐ -P(+ Ðtermination€of€his€employment.€The€author€claims€that€he€had€recently€passed€higher€levelÐ ð-@), Ðexaminations€and€points€out€that€the€pay€increment€initially€denied€was€later€awarded.€He€chargesÐ ° Ðthat€his€dismissal€was€based€upon€racial€discrimination.€To€support€this€claim€he€argues€that€hisÐ  ð Ðsupervisors,€the€union€officials€representing€him€and€the€adjudicators€were€Caucasian€and€that€theÐ à Ðinternal€grievance€procedures€were€unfair,€as€persons€who€had€exercised€management€functions€wereÐ €Ð Ðalso€members€of€grievance€panels.€The€author€contends€that€the€above€constitutes€violations€ofÐ pÀ Ðarticle€14,€25,€paragraph€(c),€and€26€of€the€Covenant.€Ð ` ° ÐÌò òIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€Committee€ó óÐ @  ÐÌ4.1€€Before€considering€any€claim€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ  p  Ðmust,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€decide€whether€or€not€it€is€admissibleÐ `  Ðunder€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.€Ð P  ÐÌ4.2€€In€terms€of€the€allegations€directed€against€the€conduct€of€the€Union,€the€Committee€observesÐ à0  Ðthat€the€allegations€are€directed€against€private€parties.€In€the€absence€of€any€argument€on€which€theÐ Ð  ÐState€party€might€be€held€responsible€for€the€actions€of€these€individuals,€this€part€of€theÐ À Ðcommunication€is€inadmissibleòò€Ô_ÔrationeÔ_Ô€personaeóó€under€Article€1€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€Ð ° ÐÌ4.3€€In€terms€of€the€author's€allegations€of€discrimination,€the€Committee€recalls€that,€according€toÐ à Ðits€constant€jurisprudence,€it€is€not€for€the€Committee,€but€for€the€competent€authorities€of€the€StateÐ €Ð Ðparty€to€evaluate€facts€and€evidence.€The€Committee€does€not€interfere€in€such€an€evaluation€unlessÐ pÀ Ðit€was€manifestly€arbitrary€or€amounted€to€a€denial€of€justice.€In€the€instant€case,€the€CommitteeÐ `° Ðnotes€that€the€author's€allegations€were€examined€on€their€merits€by€the€Canadian€Human€RightsÐ P  ÐCommission,€which€found€that€the€author's€employment€had€been€terminated€not€on€anyÐ @ Ðdiscriminatory€ground,€but€for€failure€to€improve€unsatisfactory€performance.€Moreover,€it€foundÐ 0€ Ðthat€other€tax€collection€officials€had€been€treated€in€the€same€manner.€The€author€has€failed€toÐ  p Ðsubstantiate,€for€the€purposes€of€admissibility,€that€these€findings€were€either€manifestly€arbitraryÐ ` Ðor€amounted€to€a€denial€of€justice.€In€the€light€of€this€finding€of€the€Human€Rights€Commission,€theÐ P ÐCommittee€is€of€the€view€that€the€author€has€failed€to€substantiate,€for€the€purposes€of€admissibility,Ð ð@ Ðthat€his€dismissal€involved€violations€of€his€rights€under€articles€14,€25,€paragraph€(c),€and€26€of€theÐ à0 ÐCovenant.€This€part€of€the€communication€is€therefore€inadmissible€under€article€2€of€the€OptionalÐ Ð  ÐProtocol.€Ð À! ÐÌ5€€The€Committee€therefore€decides:€Ð  #ð! ÐÌà0  à(a)€that€the€communication€is€inadmissible€under€articles€1€and€2€of€the€Optional€Protocol;€Ð€%Ð #(#(# ÐÌà0  à(b)€that€this€decision€shall€be€communicated€to€the€author€and,€for€information,€to€the€StateÐ `'°"% Ðparty.€ÐP( #&(#(# ÐÌ________________€Ð 0*€%( ÐÌ*€The€following€members€of€the€Committee€participated€in€the€examination€of€the€presentÐ ,`'* Ðcommunication:€Mr.€Ô_ÔAbdelfattahÔ_Ô€Amor,€Mr.€Ô_ÔPrafullachandraÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔNatwarlalÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBhagwatiÔ_Ô,€Lord€Ô_ÔColvilleÔ_Ô,€Ms.Ð -P(+ ÐElizabeth€Evatt,€Ms.€Pilar€Ô_ÔGaitanÔ_Ô€de€Ô_ÔPomboÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Louis€Ô_ÔHenkinÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Ô_ÔEckartÔ_Ô€Klein,€Mr.€DavidÐ ð-@), ÐÔ_ÔKretzmerÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Ô_ÔRajsoomerÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔLallahÔ_Ô,€Ms.€Cecilia€Medina€Ô_ÔQuirogaÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Martin€Ô_ÔScheininÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Ô_ÔHipð;ðlitoÔ_ÔÐ ° ÐÔ_ÔSolariÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔYrigoyenÔ_Ô€and€Mr.€Roman€Ô_ÔWieruszewskiÔ_Ô.€Under€rule€85€of€the€Committee's€rules€of€procedure,Ð  ð ÐMr.€Maxwell€Ô_ÔYaldenÔ_Ô€did€not€participate€in€the€examination€of€the€case.€Ð à ÐÌ[Adopted€in€English,€French€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version.€SubsequentlyÐ pÀ Ðto€be€translated€into€Arabic,€Chinese€and€Russian€as€part€of€the€Committee's€Annual€Report€to€theÐ ` ° ÐGeneral€Assembly.]€Ð P   ÐÌÓCÓ