ÿWPCH 7 ˜îbíäÍ;HèRkXa]²êŸ‹•AЭ¥cؼ-ÑFÍ«‘óÇíb€ømF~mñ¶%VáäævÄ bñ€§]cX¢‡I×tõEz !îä﯆pî)TLßMúNù¾þkõ'Õhh oFjSý•틾觮u—¥ò½¼›® ÑŽ —(Ó{=LôP†ÿäÆìfŸÓ õ»Ï½ª(|ÜԀdžu}ú†ZŽÚ ®¿2&–T¿P„ÛF÷¹!À¤k+±ß±…ø=½KÒ‘ ‹Í¿:Ë>÷7òæd`ªeúöP€¼ ¹"WÒÝb5C-3 œ”7°¢›~¥³ºÕIó¦CÀ ÑI!ЭºÅ£ƒ‡×YvJ)¨ÞÀùǾ¦DÁø¤™b[çv¡G÷ø B$ãíBŽc+šFãÄ@]”ÕfÔë\.‰Þ€5܃ozd+,ï§Ã‹Iyp06fúö#6Á=SÛ$`ÇÚô@³{Ê6Ãa\]Y>Jð[lÞš›¼ÐJè*Ÿ7$—xw,%5 Ñ7¶Ô{ë¢~¹­»eƒˆ­KqTXÀÅű+N#_³Š6_©­’¼´(_,ÏÝë´B% d$KyRìLÔ"có‹@_¦9&Úrîçä~A,'#Á"UNã %1 0:7^ qw}4•¤ m¦ 0î½ 0ë« 0è– 0å~ 0âc 0ßE 0Ü$ 0Ù 0ÖÙ 0ܯ 0Ù‹ 0Öd 0Ó: 0Ð  0ÍÝ 0ʪ 0Çt 0Ä; 0Ûÿ 0ØÚ 0Õ² 0Ò‡ 0ÏY 0Ì( 0Éô 0ƽ 0ÃNF˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô£x. eû*àÂ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ2G+J ÿÿ0_level1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2D+J ÿÿ0_level2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2A+J ÿÿ0_level3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>+J ÿÿ0_level4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;+J ÿÿ0_level5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28+J ÿÿ0_level6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25+J ÿÿ0_level7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22+J ÿÿ0_level8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2/+J ÿÿ0_level9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2GJ ÿÿ0_levsl1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2DJ ÿÿ0_levsl2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2AJ ÿÿ0_levsl3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>J ÿÿ0_levsl4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;J ÿÿ0_levsl5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28J ÿÿ0_levsl6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25J ÿÿ0_levsl7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22J ÿÿ0_levsl8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2/J ÿÿ0_levsl9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2GJ ÿÿ0_levnl1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2DJ ÿÿ0_levnl2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2AJ ÿÿ0_levnl3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>J ÿÿ0_levnl4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;J ÿÿ0_levnl5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28J ÿÿ0_levnl6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25J ÿÿ0_levnl7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22J ÿÿ0_levnl8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2/J ÿÿ0_levnl9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý ÓÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  Óò òÔ‡¼ìœ»XXÔARGENTINAÔ#†X €X»¼ìœL#Ôó óÐ ° ÐÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€€€A/43/38€(1988)ó óÐ œì ÐÌÌÓ  Ó341.€€The€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Argentina€(Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/5/Add.39€and€Amend.1)Ð ` ° Ðat€its€112òòthóó€and€118òòthóó€meetings,€on€22€and€25€February€1988€(Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/SR.112€and€118).Ð L œ ÐÌ342.€€In€her€introduction,€the€representative€of€Argentina€informed€the€Committee€that€with€theÐ $ t  Ðreturn€of€democracy,€her€country€had€experienced€a€revival.€The€Government€had€made€aÐ `  Ðcommitment€towards€making€human€rights€an€effective€tool€of€society€and€those€rights€includedÐ üL  Ðequality€between€men€and€women.€The€Convention€was€ratified€in€1985€and€that€had€promptedÐ è8  Ðnumerous€institutional€reforms€both€at€the€national€and€provincial€levels.Ð Ô$  ÐÌ343.€€The€Health€and€Social€Action€Ministry€had€created€an€under„secretariat€for€women€in€1987.Ð ¬ü  ÐIts€main€objectives€were€to€promote€womenððs€rights€and€to€suppress€disadvantages€in€all€spheres€ofÐ ˜è Ðlife.€At€the€national€level,€more€than€10€provinces€had€established€governmental€organs€directlyÐ „Ô Ðconcerned€with€the€status€of€women.Ð pÀ ÐÌ344.€€Although€the€Constitution€established€the€principle€of€equality€between€men€and€women,Ð H˜ Ðlegislative€reforms€had€taken€place€recently,€such€as€òòÔ_ÔpatriaÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔpotestadÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔcompartidaÔ_Ôóó,€now€shared€by€bothÐ 4„ Ðparents,€and€the€elimination€of€any€juridical€discriminatory€measure€against€children€born€in€or€outÐ  p Ðof€wedlock.€Regarding€marriage€laws,€both€spouses€could€now€choose€their€domicile€jointly,€womenÐ  \ Ðwere€not€obliged€to€use€the€husbandððs€name,€new€grounds€for€divorce€had€been€introduced€andÐ øH Ðwomen€now€had€the€right€to€remarry€once€divorce€had€been€obtained.Ð ä4 ÐÌ345.€€Discriminatory€practices€still€existed€as€in€the€penal€code€regarding€adultery.€Despite€the€willÐ ¼  Ðof€the€Government€to€achieve€òòde€jureóó€equality,€full€equality€would€not€be€attained€until€prejudicesÐ ¨ø Ðand€discriminatory€practices€were€eradicated.€To€assist€in€these€pursuits,€the€secretariat€of€HumanÐ ”ä Ðand€Family€Development€had€created€a€commission€to€elaborate€a€series€of€television€spots€on€sexÐ € Ð Ðdiscrimination.Ð l!¼ ÐÌ346.€€Financial€resources€had€been€allocated€to€provincial€governments€in€order€to€assist€them€inÐ D#”! Ðdeveloping€promotion€campaigns,€training,€and€day„care€Ô_ÔcentresÔ_Ô.€Non„governmental€organizationsÐ 0$€" Ðcontinued€to€play€a€very€important€role€in€all€the€reforms€and€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô€mentioned.Ð %l # ÐÌ347.€€New€text€books€had€been€introduced€in€Buenos€Aires€that€did€not€contain€stereotyped€andÐ ô&D"% Ðdiscriminatory€models.€Distance€courses€had€also€been€created€in€order€to€reduce€the€rate€of€womenððsÐ à'0#& Ðdrop„out.Ð Ì($' ÐÌ348.€€Equality€between€women€and€men€was€guaranteed€by€the€Republic,€and€the€Ô_ÔLabourÔ_Ô€ContractÐ ¤*ô%) ÐLaw€provided€that€there€would€be€no€differences€in€remuneration€between€men€and€women€for€workÐ +à&* Ðof€equal€value.€However€certain€protective€laws€would€have€to€be€revised,€such€as€the€law€regulatingÐ |,Ì'+ Ðnight€work.€Improvements€were€also€necessary€in€the€provision€of€Ô_ÔlabourÔ_Ô€safeguards€for€domesticÐ h-¸(, ÐÔ_Ôworkers.Ð ° ÐÌ349.€€The€main€difficulties€and€obstacles€standing€in€the€way€to€integration€were€of€an€economicÐ ˆØ Ðnature,€since€women€were€the€most€affected€by€the€present€crisis.€The€introduction€of€newÐ tÄ Ðtechnologies€had€also€been€detrimental€to€women.€Statistical€data€revealed€that€social€prejudicesÐ `° Ðaffected€womenððs€employment.€The€National€Statistical€Institute€was€studying€the€reasons€for€theÐ L œ Ðlack€of€data€related€to€womenððs€employment;€for€example,€womenððs€work€in€farms€or€at€home€hadÐ 8 ˆ Ðnot€been€considered€as€productive€work.Ð $ t ÐÌ350.€€There€was€no€discrimination€in€Argentina€regarding€the€health€services€provided,€and€specialÐ ü L  Ðpublic€health€services€specially€tailored€for€women€had€been€established€recently,€such€as€cancer„Ð è 8  Ðscreening€tests€and€family€planning.€Housewives€had€been€included€in€programmes€regardingÐ Ô$  Ðretirement€as€ð ðautonomous€workersðð.Ð À  ÐÌ351.€In€rural€areas,€women€were€involved€particularly€in€livestock€farming€and€small„scale€farming;Ð ˜è  Ðthe€Government€had€established€technical€assistance€programmes€for€the€producers€and€their€familiesÐ „Ô  Ðand€had€also€disseminated€information€on€womenððs€rights.€Community€action€plans€for€rural€womenÐ pÀ Ðhad€also€been€created,€which€included€the€marketing€of€local€produce,€the€provision€of€water,€theÐ \¬ Ðextension€of€telephone€lines€in€rural€areas€and€day„care€centres.€Yet€not€many€women€were€attendingÐ H˜ Ðagricultural€technical€schools,€owing€to€the€arduous€nature€of€the€school„work,€the€lack€of€facilitiesÐ 4„ Ðand€the€incompatibility€with€family€duties.Ð  p ÐÌ352.€€Women€had€played€a€very€important€political€role€in€Argentinian€politics,€in€the€currentÐ øH Ðdemocratization€process.€However,€their€participation€in€the€election€of€candidates€on€the€party€listsÐ ä4 Ðand€in€similar€processes€left€much€to€be€desired.€That€trend€would€have€to€be€reversed€and€socialÐ Ð  Ðprejudices€would€have€to€be€examined.Ð ¼  ÐÌ353.€€In€a€world€where€$1,800€million€a€minute€was€spent€in€armaments,€the€socio„economicÐ ”ä Ðinequalities€had€created€a€dramatic€separation€between€developed€and€developing€countries.Ð €Ð ÐHowever,€in€spite€of€the€external€debt,€she€was€convinced€that€there€was€room€for€growth€in€aÐ l¼ Ðdemocracy,€a€pursuit€that€her€Government€would€not€abandon.Ð X ¨ ÐÌ354.€€The€Committee€congratulated€the€representative€of€Argentina€on€the€presentation€of€the€initialÐ 0"€  Ðreport€and€noted€that€there€was€an€evident€commitment€by€the€Government€to€implement€theÐ #l! ÐConvention€as€well€as€other€international€human€rights€instruments.€Argentina€had€gone€through€aÐ $X" Ðdark€period€of€military€rule,€the€consequences€of€which€were€still€felt.€The€report€was€sincere€in€thatÐ ô$D # Ðit€admitted€frankly€the€obstacles€encountered€and€still€to€be€overcome.€However,€there€was€a€lackÐ à%0!$ Ðof€data€regarding€the€actual€situation€of€the€status€of€women€in€areas€covered€by€articles€10,€11€andÐ Ì&"% Ð12€of€the€Convention.€The€measures€taken€by€the€Government€were€to€be€commended.€It€wasÐ ¸'#& Ðremarkable€how€illiteracy€rates€had€dropped€after€the€ousting€of€the€dictatorship,€and€howÐ ¤(ô#' Ðconsiderable€an€effort€had€been€displayed€in€changing€the€education€system.€Experts€mentioned€thatÐ )à$( Ða€new€beginning€for€the€country€also€meant€a€new€beginning€for€women.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ355.€€Experts€requested€information€on€how€the€Convention€affected€or€superseded€nationalÐ T,¤'+ Ðlegislation€and€the€relation€in€general€between€international€and€internal€law.Ð @-(, Ї356.€€It€was€asked€what€action€had€been€taken€to€publicize€the€Convention€and€the€countryððs€reportÐ ° Ðand€whether€any€action€had€been€taken€to€identify€the€needs€of€particular€groups€of€women€such€asÐ œì Ðsingle€mothers€and€migrant€women.Ð ˆØ ÐÌ357.€€More€information€was€requested€regarding€the€working€and€functioning€of€the€differentÐ `° Ðwomenððs€offices€within€the€Government€and€whether€there€existed€any€co„ordination€in€the€work€ofÐ L œ Ðthe€different€institutions.€It€was€asked€whether€non„governmental€organizations€and€governmentÐ 8 ˆ Ðoffices€in€charge€of€womenððs€programmes€collaborated€in€relation€to€different€questions€such€asÐ $ t Ðprenatal€and€postnatal€care,€abortion€facilities,€etc.Ð  ` ÐÌ358.€€It€was€also€asked€what€mechanism€the€Government€offered€to€guarantee€equal€rights€to€womenÐ è 8  Ðand€whether€there€were€any€cases€where€women€had€invoiced€the€provisions€of€the€Convention.€ItÐ Ô$  Ðwas€asked€whether€government€offices€were€receptive€to€womenððs€demands.Ð À  ÐÌ359.€€It€was€asked€why€protective€legislation€was€referred€to€as€a€measure€to€accelerate€òòde€factoóóÐ ˜è  Ðequality€since€this€type€of€regulation€resulted€in€more€discrimination€of€women€and€whetherÐ „Ô  Ðtemporary€special€measures€such€as€positive€action€or€quotas€had€been€proposed€in€any€field.€NoÐ pÀ Ðstatistics€had€been€provided€on€the€extent€to€which€men€in€practice€shared€household€duties€and€theÐ \¬ Ðupbringing€of€children€with€women,€and€experts€wanted€to€know€how€many€families€could€affordÐ H˜ Ðdomestic€service.€€Information€was€also€sought€on€the€influence€of€religious€institutions€on€theÐ 4„ Ðadvancement€of€women.Ð  p ÐÌ360.€€More€information€was€requested€on€programmes€designed€to€rehabilitate€prostitutes,€onÐ øH Ðwhether€prostitution€had€increased€or€decreased,€on€the€number€of€shelters€for€battered€women€andÐ ä4 Ðlaws€regarding€violence€against€women€and€whether€laws€punishing€rape€included€rape€withinÐ Ð  Ðmarriage.€It€was€also€noted€that€laws€penalizing€adultery€might€be€discriminatory€and€would€requireÐ ¼  Ðrevisions€and€information€was€requested€on€the€reaction€of€womenððs€organizations€to€this€issue.Ð ¨ø ÐÌ361.€€Information€was€requested€on€the€participation€of€women€in€political€parties€and€trade€unions.Ð €Ð ÐExperts€expressed€the€hope€that€Argentinian€women,€who€had€been€highly€visible€during€resistanceÐ l¼ Ðagainst€the€dictatorship€recently,€would€continue€to€participate€in€political€life.€They€also€wanted€toÐ X ¨ Ðknow€whether€there€were€any€programmes€to€attain€a€better€level€of€participation€by€women€inÐ D!” Ðdecision„making,€and€whether€feminist€organizations€were€independent€from€the€political€parties€orÐ 0"€  Ðaffiliated€to€them.Ð #l! ÐÌ362.€€Experts€requested€information€on€the€enforcement€of€article€9€of€the€Convention€in€courts€andÐ ô$D # Ðon€whether€both€parents€could€transfer€nationality€to€their€children.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ363.€€There€were€vestiges€of€a€sex„biased€education.€There€were€no€statistics€related€to€patterns€ofÐ ¸'#& Ðattendance€at€institutions€of€higher€learning,€and€although€it€was€understood€that€education€wasÐ ¤(ô#' Ðcompulsory,€it€was€not€mentioned€until€what€age.€It€was€asked€to€what€extent€education€was€free,Ð )à$( Ðwhat€had€been€the€effect€of€the€literacy€plan€and€whether€to€be€literate€was€a€requirement€to€be€aÐ |*Ì%) Ðcandidate€for€parliament.€It€was€noted€that€women€comprised€70€per€cent€of€all€the€people€enrolledÐ h+¸&* Ðin€distance€courses€and€it€was€asked€whether€these€were€emergency€measures€in€order€to€reduceÐ T,¤'+ Ðdrop„out€rates.Ð @-(, Ї364.€€Clarification€was€sought€as€to€whether€the€under„secretariat€was€involved€in€the€activities€ofÐ ° Ðthe€Ministry€of€Health.€Experts€asked€for€details€on€the€general€health„care€system,€abortion€rightsÐ œì Ðand€medical€insurance€for€single€mothers.€It€was€also€asked€whether€women€in€domestic€service€wereÐ ˆØ Ðcovered€by€social€benefits€and€if€there€were€any€unemployment€benefits.Ð tÄ ÐÌ365.€€Members€of€the€Committee€commented€on€the€statement€of€the€report€regarding€the€effect€ofÐ L œ Ðnew€technologies€on€womenððs€employment€and€asked€whether€studies€had€been€carried€out€on€thisÐ 8 ˆ Ðsubject.€Unemployment€among€rural€women€was€extensive€and€it€was€asked€what€kind€of€trainingÐ $ t Ðwas€given€to€them€and€whether€results€were€available€on€the€effects€of€such€employment.€TheÐ  ` ÐCommittee€was€also€interested€to€know€how€many€women€used€the€available€day„care€centreÐ ü L  Ðfacilities€and€how€much€they€cost,€especially€what€was€the€cost€ratio€to€the€salary€received.€QuestionsÐ è 8  Ðwere€also€asked€relating€to€job€security€during€maternity.Ð Ô$  ÐÌ366.€€It€was€appreciated€that€the€Government€was€making€great€efforts€to€strengthen€domesticÐ ¬ü  Ðworkersðð€rights€and€to€review€and€abolish€outdated€protective€legislation€such€as€the€banning€of€nightÐ ˜è  Ðwork€only€for€women.€The€legislation€to€ban€discrimination€of€women€by€trade€unions€wasÐ „Ô  Ðcommented€upon€and€it€was€asked€whether€many€cases€had€been€presented.€Other€questions€relatedÐ pÀ Ðto€sexual€harassment€at€work,€the€percentage€of€women€in€the€labour€force,€unemployment€rates€forÐ \¬ Ðwomen€and€men,€minimum€wages,€the€retirement€age€of€men€and€women,€plans€to€introduceÐ H˜ Ðpaternity€leave,€details€on€the€implementation€of€the€provisions€regarding€equal€pay€for€work€of€equalÐ 4„ Ðvalue€and€statistics€on€wage€differentials€between€women€and€men.€Information€was€requested€aboutÐ  p Ðthe€income€tax€system€and€whether€it€could€be€said€to€encourage€or€discourage€women€to€enter€intoÐ  \ Ðemployment.Ð øH ÐÌ367.€€The€situation€of€rural€women€was€examined€in€detail.€Special€attention€was€given€to€the€ruralÐ Ð  Ðextension€programmes€and€on€how€they€affected€women.€Questions€were€raised€on€the€currentÐ ¼  Ðconditions€and€the€future€action€plans€of€the€Government€to€improve€the€situation,€on€health€care,Ð ¨ø Ðthe€distribution€of€land„ownership,€the€percentage€of€indigenous€population,€the€role€of€co„operativesÐ ”ä Ðif€any,€seasonal€labour,€the€mechanization€of€house„work€and€farming€and€its€effect€on€women.Ð €Ð ÐÌ368.€€Experts€commended€the€Government€of€Argentina€on€the€new€family€law€and€additionalÐ X ¨ Ðinformation€was€requested€on€the€revised€grounds€for€divorce.€Clarification€was€also€sought€on€theÐ D!” Ðimpact€the€law€had€on€common€law€relationships,€and€on€the€criteria€used€for€access€to€foodÐ 0"€  Ðallowances.Ð #l! ÐÌ369.€€It€was€asked€what€were€the€rights€of€children€born€of€parents€in€and€out€of€wedlock.Ð ô$D # ÐÌ370.€€The€representative€of€Argentina€replied€that€awareness€campaigns€regarding€the€ratification€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€Convention€had€been€carried€out€in€the€rural€areas€with€the€collaboration€of€the€provincialÐ ¸'#& Ðgovernments€and€the€mass€media;€open€seminars€for€the€study€of€the€Convention€had€also€been€held.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐThe€Convention€could€be€involved€directly€in€court;€positive€precedents€had€been€established€withÐ )à$( Ðthe€ratification€by€Argentina€of€the€American€Convention€for€Human€Rights€which€the€courts€hadÐ |*Ì%) Ðapplied€directly.Ð h+¸&* ÐÌ371.€€She€explained€that€there€were€three€main€offices€in€charge€of€womenððs€affairs.€One€was€theÐ @-(, ÐUnder„Secretariat€for€Womenððs€Affairs,€within€the€Ministry€of€Health€and€Social€Affairs,€whichÐ ° Ðcarried€out€the€programme€ð ðWomen,€health€and€developmentðð.€The€other€was€the€GeneralÐ œì ÐDirectorate€for€Women,€under€the€Under„Secretariat€for€Human€Rights,€within€the€Ministry€ofÐ ˆØ ÐExternal€Affairs€and€Religious€Affairs.€€At€the€provincial€level,€other€organs€in€charge€of€womenððsÐ tÄ Ðaffairs€had€been€created€at€the€insistence€of€the€Under„Secretariat€for€Womenððs€Affairs.€There€wasÐ `° Ðno€co„ordinating€body€and€she€would€pay€special€attention€to€comments€made€by€the€Committee€inÐ L œ Ðthis€regard.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ372.€€The€Under„Secretariat€for€Womenððs€Affairs€was€entirely€composed€of€women€and€comprisedÐ  ` Ðfour€departments,€each€dealing€with€different€subjects,€such€as€studies€and€research,€advancementÐ ü L  Ðand€participation,€institutional€relations€and€co„ordination,€and€planning.€There€were€currently€noÐ è 8  Ðplans€to€introduce€temporary€special€measures.Ð Ô$  ÐÌ373.€€The€modification€of€social€and€cultural€patterns,€including€support€for€working€women,€wasÐ ¬ü  Ðunder€way€through€public€discussions€and€mass€media€programmes.€She€noted€that€young€womenÐ ˜è  Ðwere€more€open€to€assuming€housework€in€the€marriage,€but€she€had€no€statistical€or€case€materialÐ „Ô  Ðat€hand.€She€recognized€that€the€unremunerated€work€of€women€continued€unrecorded€in€the€nationalÐ pÀ Ðindexes.€The€mass€media€programmes€were€seen€on€the€State„owned€television€channels€which€wereÐ \¬ Ða€majority,€but€not€on€the€privately„owned€channels.€There€were€no€pre„marriage€guidance€orÐ H˜ Ðcounseling€services.€The€official€religion€in€Argentina€was€Roman€Catholic.€Regarding€the€influenceÐ 4„ Ðof€religious€institutions€on€the€advancement€of€women,€it€would€be€said€that€there€were€conservativesÐ  p Ðand€vanguardists.€Court€action€had€been€taken€in€some€cases€against€the€exploitation€of€women€asÐ  \ Ðsex€objects€in€mass€media€and€by€the€advertising€industry.€Some€programmes€had€been€banned€onÐ øH Ðthis€account.Ð ä4 ÐÌ374.€€A€commission€on€battered€women€had€been€created€recently€as€well€as€centres€for€theirÐ ¼  Ðassistance€which€taught€the€victims€their€rights€and€how€to€bring€suits€through€judicial€and€policeÐ ¨ø Ðchannels.€These€centres€also€tried€to€influence€public€opinion€with€a€view€to€eradicating€sexist€andÐ ”ä Ðdiscriminatory€practices.€Violence€against€women€was€not€considered€by€Argentine€society€inÐ €Ð Ðgeneral€as€a€virile€or€masculine€trait;€this€propensity€was€only€found€at€the€lower€socio„cultural€level.Ð l¼ ÐÌ375.€€There€was€extensive€legislation€within€the€Penal€Code€regarding€rape€which€established€prisonÐ D!” Ðsentences€according€to€the€degree€of€violence€or€intimidation€used.€The€penalties€ranged€from€6€toÐ 0"€  Ð15€years€in€prison.Ð #l! ÐÌ376.€€Prostitutes€were€rehabilitated€by€private€and€religious€groups.€The€State€had€no€specificÐ ô$D # Ðprogramme€in€this€regard.€The€term€ð ðhonest€womanðð€in€Argentinaððs€legislation€was€used€as€a€moralÐ à%0!$ Ðterm€designed€to€protect€women.€She€agreed€that€this€was€an€outdated€term€and€asserted€that€it€wouldÐ Ì&"% Ðsoon€be€revised.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌ377.€€The€feminist€movement€was€not€affiliated€to€any€political€party€and€was€independent.€OtherÐ )à$( Ðprofessional€organizations€were€in€close€contact€with€the€Under„Secretariat€for€Womenððs€Affairs€andÐ |*Ì%) Ðsome,€like€the€Organization€of€Women€in€Legal€Careers,€gave€free€advice€when€called€upon.Ð h+¸&* ÐMovements,€such€as€the€housewives€which€had€protested€price€increases,€had€been€responsible€forÐ T,¤'+ Ðthe€creation€of€a€state€agency€for€consumerððs€affairs.Ð @-(, Ї378.€€There€were€no€statistics€on€womenððs€participation€in€trade€unions,€but€it€could€safely€be€saidÐ ° Ðthat€the€lack€of€participation€was€due€to€prevailing€òòmachistasóó€attitudes€in€the€organizations.Ð œì ÐRegarding€political€participation,€more€interest€on€the€part€of€women€to€run€for€office€had€been€notedÐ ˆØ Ðsince€the€present€Government€had€initiated€its€reforms.Ð tÄ ÐÌ379.€€Nationality€was€acquired€by€the€place€of€birth€(òòjusolióó),€and€not€by€parental€derivation€(òòjusÐ L œ Ðsanguinisóó).Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ380.€€Regarding€the€educational€policy€of€the€Government,€an€advisory€commission€at€the€UniversityÐ  ` Ðof€Buenos€Aires€had€been€created€to€elaborate€and€co„ordinate€projects€to€eliminate€discriminationÐ ü L  Ðagainst€women€in€education.€In€Buenos€Aires,€textbooks€did€not€show€any€stereotyped€models.€Co„Ð è 8  Ðeducation€was€the€norm€in€Argentina€in€the€State€schools.€Private€schools€were€supervised€by€theÐ Ô$  ÐState€and€in€some€cases€received€subsidies€as€well.Ð À  ÐÌ381.€€Women€and€men€had€the€same€opportunities€to€enter€universities,€and€these€were€free€of€chargeÐ ˜è  Ðin€State€schools.€Primary€education€was€compulsory€and€free€of€charge.€Courses€at€distance€(òòaÐ „Ô  Ðdistanciaóó)€were€successful,€especially€in€remote€areas.€One€successful€project€involved€a€televisionÐ pÀ Ðset€and€video„tapes;€students€gathered€at€a€centrally€located€community€centre€and€followed€theÐ \¬ Ðlessons.€At€the€end€of€course€an€evaluation€would€be€made€and€a€certificate€delivered;€both€primaryÐ H˜ Ðand€secondary€levels€were€included€in€this€programme.Ð 4„ ÐÌ382.€€There€were€1,184,964€functional€illiterates,€and€the€Government€was€implementing€€a€nationalÐ  \ Ðliteracy€plan€to€remedy€this€situation.Ð øH ÐÌ383.€€Equal€pay€for€equal€work€was€assured€by€the€Constitution.€In€case€of€discrimination€regardingÐ Ð  Ðsalary€scales,€the€courts€were€able€to€accept€the€complaint€and€rule€both€through€participles€outlinedÐ ¼  Ðby€the€Convention€and€the€national€legislation.Ð ¨ø ÐÌ384.€€Provisions€for€protective€legislation€would€be€removed€as€soon€as€they€were€consideredÐ €Ð Ðoutdated.Ð l¼ ÐÌ385.€€The€representative€also€replied€to€questions€which€had€been€raised€regarding€benefitsÐ D!” Ðassociated€with€old€age,€disability€and€death.€Contributions€to€these€funds€were€given€by€theÐ 0"€  Ðindividual€or€by€the€employer€or€the€State,€as€appropriate.€There€was€no€discrimination€in€regard€toÐ #l! Ðthese€provisions.€Pensions€on€retirement€could€be€collected€after€30€yearsðð€service€and€women€couldÐ $X" Ðretire€at€age€55€while€men€at€60.€She€explained€the€different€schemes€related€to€the€social€securityÐ ô$D # Ðsystem.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ386.€€Paternity€leave€was€granted€for€one€day€„€on€the€occasion€of€the€birth€of€the€child.€Leave€ofÐ ¸'#& Ðabsence€was€paid€in€general.€Regarding€child€and€family€care€leave,€women€could€request€a€leaveÐ ¤(ô#' Ðof€absence€on€two€grounds;€the€birth€or€sickness€of€a€child€and€the€attendance€to€family€matters€ofÐ )à$( Ðgreat€importance.€They€had€to€prove€that€they€had€been€working€for€one€year€at€the€same€place,€thatÐ |*Ì%) Ðthey€were€employed€and€lived€in€the€country.€The€leave€of€absence€could€be€6€months€to€a€year,Ð h+¸&* Ðdepending€on€the€circumstances.€She€described€the€situation€of€young€single€mothers.€FamilyÐ T,¤'+ Ðplanning€services€were€available€upon€request.€Birth€control€devices€were€not€distributed€free€Ô_ÔofÐ @-(, Ðcharge.€Abortion€was€illegal€but€not€considered€as€infanticide.Ð ° ÐÌ387.€€The€income€tax€system€was€progressive€and€applied€to€the€individual€income€with€provisionsÐ ˆØ Ðfor€a€non„taxable€minimum.Ð tÄ ÐÌ388.€€Women€co„operatives€were€very€active€in€rural€areas€although€not€numerous.€They€ranged€fromÐ L œ Ðoffice„cleaning€to€rabbit„breeding.€Mixed€co„operatives€worked€in€diverse€areas€such€as€electricalÐ 8 ˆ Ðservices,€credit€and€consumer€services,€insurance,€housing,€gardening,€among€others.Ð $ t ÐÌ389.€€Many€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô€had€been€developed€to€assist€rural€women,€especially€in€technical€training,Ð ü L  Ðco„operative€formation,€small„scale€enterprises€and€marketing.€Regarding€migrant€women€farm„Ð è 8  Ðworkers€(called€ð ðswallowsðð),€remuneration€was€equal€for€both€sexes.€Extension€workers€had€beenÐ Ô$  Ðdetached€to€the€rural€areas€by€the€National€Institute€of€Agricultural€Technology€with€the€view€ofÐ À  Ðpromoting€an€improvement€of€womenððs€living€and€working€conditions.€A€literacy€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€hadÐ ¬ü  Ðalso€been€introduced.€Land€tenure€was€of€private€nature.€Both€women€who€worked€in€rural€areas€andÐ ˜è  Ðdomestic€workers€were€protected€by€specific€Ô_ÔlabourÔ_Ô€laws.Ð „Ô  ÐÌ390.€€Approximately€1€per€cent€of€the€population€was€of€indigenous€origin.€The€indigenousÐ \¬ Ðcommunities€were€provided€with€drinking€water€supply,€education€and€guidance€for€the€sale€of€theirÐ H˜ Ðcrafts.€Religious€associations€assisted€them€in€the€latter.€Migration€was€no€longer€as€serious€aÐ 4„ Ðproblem€as€at€times€in€the€past,€since€efforts€were€being€made€to€create€jobs€in€peopleððs€places€ofÐ  p Ðorigin.Ð  \ ÐÌ391.€€The€following€laws€and€decrees€had€been€adopted€for€the€benefit€of€women€since€1983,€apartÐ ä4 Ðfrom€the€ratification€of€the€Convention:€law€on€joint€parental€authority,€law€on€marriage€and€divorce,Ð Ð  Ðlaw€on€equal€rights€between€children€born€in€and€out€of€wedlock,€right€to€pension€in€case€ofÐ ¼  Ðcohabitation€in€òòde€factoóó€marriages,€decree€on€cancer„screening€tests,€decree€on€family€planning,€lawÐ ¨ø Ðon€the€elimination€of€discrimination€in€the€trade€unions,€decrees€creating€governmental€organs€inÐ ”ä Ðcharge€of€the€status€of€women,€adoption€of€the€American€Human€Rights€Convention,€theÐ €Ð ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€and€its€Optional€Protocol,€and€otherÐ l¼ ÐInternational€instruments.Ð X ¨ ÐÌ392.€€She€hoped€that€she€had€answered€most€of€the€questions€and€thanked€the€Committee€for€itsÐ 0"€  Ðinterest€and€comments.€She€would€bear€in€mind€all€the€suggestions€made.Ð #l! ÐÌ393.€€The€Committee€thanked€the€representative€for€her€comprehensive€replies€and€clarifications.Ð ô$D # ÐHowever,€an€additional€clarification€was€requested.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ394.€€It€had€been€mentioned€in€the€introductory€statement€that€the€principle€of€equal€pay€for€work€ofÐ ¸'#& Ðequal€value€was€accepted€in€Argentina,€yet€reference€was€made€in€the€reply€to€equal€pay€for€equalÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwork€only.€After€a€short€dialogue€with€the€representative,€the€Committee€expressed€concern€that€theÐ )à$( Ðimplications€of€the€principle€of€equal€pay€for€work€of€equal€value€were€not€always€clear€to€StatesÐ |*Ì%) Ðparties.€What€was€required€was€the€establishment€of€criteria€to€make€it€possible€to€compare€female„Ð h+¸&* Ðdominated€jobs€with€male„dominated€jobs€and€to€get€a€gender„neutral€job€evaluation.€Such€measuresÐ T,¤'+ Ðcould€also€allow€an€upgrading€of€female„denominated€jobs,€thus€constituting€a€means€for€theÐ @-(, Ðelimination€of€sex€discrimination€with€regard€to€remuneration.Ð ° ÐÌ395.€€It€would€also€be€very€beneficial€if€the€Under„Secretariat€was€made€part€of€the€Council€ofÐ ˆØ ÐMinisters€where€decisions€and€policies€were€made.Ð tÄ ÐÌ396.€€The€Committee€wished€the€representative€of€Argentina€every€success€in€her€Ô_ÔendeavoursÔ_Ô.Ð L œ ÐÌÐ  $ t Ðò òÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€A/52/38/Rev.1€(1997)ó óÐ ° ÐÌ273.€€The€Committee€considered€the€second€and€third€periodic€reports€of€ArgentinaÐ ˆØ Ð(Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔARGÔ_Ô/2€and€Add.1€and€2€and€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔARGÔ_Ô/3)€at€its€355th€and€356òòthóó€meetings,€onÐ tÄ Ð22€July€1997€(see€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/SR.355€and€356).Ð `° ÐÌ274.€€In€introducing€the€reports,€the€representative€of€Argentina€pointed€out€that€the€country€hadÐ 8 ˆ Ðundergone€profound€changes€since€the€National€Government€had€taken€office€in€1989.€€During€thatÐ $ t Ðtime,€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô€on€health,€education€and€social€welfare€had€been€transferred€to€the€provinces€inÐ  ` Ðorder€to€strengthen€the€federal€system.Ð ü L  ÐÌ275.€€The€reform€of€the€National€Constitution€in€1994€was€an€important€step€towards€theÐ Ô$  Ðachievement€of€equality€for€Argentine€women.€€Most€international€human€rights€treaties,€includingÐ À  Ðthe€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€Discrimination€against€Women,€now€haveÐ ¬ü  Ðconstitutional€status€and€are€therefore€considered€complementary€to€the€rights€guaranteed€in€the€textÐ ˜è  Ðof€the€Constitution.€€Furthermore,€the€new€Constitution€promotes€affirmative€action€in€order€toÐ „Ô  Ðachieve€de€jure€and€de€facto€equality.€It€also€reaffirms€the€need€for€special€security€regulations€toÐ pÀ Ðcover€women€during€pregnancy€and€lactation.Ð \¬ ÐÌ276.€€The€representative€indicated€that€the€National€Womenððs€Council€had€developed€a€strong€policyÐ 4„ Ðfor€monitoring€the€application€of€the€Quotas€Act,€which€had€led€even€to€the€presentation€of€legalÐ  p Ðactions€demanding€that€lists€of€political€parties€which€did€not€comply€with€the€requirements€of€theÐ  \ Ðlaw€be€declared€non„official.Ð øH ÐÌ277.€€The€representative€stressed€the€high€status€of€the€National€Womenððs€Council,€which€was€at€theÐ Ð  Ðministerial€level€and€reported€directly€to€the€President.€€The€Council€had€recently€focused€onÐ ¼  Ðdecentralizing€its€structure€by€strengthening€the€machinery€of€the€provinces.€€Thus€far,€provincialÐ ¨ø Ðcouncils€for€women€had€been€established€in€9€of€the€24€provinces.€€The€National€Council€alsoÐ ”ä Ðprovided€technical€assistance€and€training€to€support€the€machinery€at€the€provincial€level.Ð €Ð ÐÌ278.€€Regarding€the€status€of€women€in€the€Ô_ÔlabourÔ_Ô€market,€the€National€Womenððs€Council€hadÐ X ¨ Ðestablished€close€cooperation€with€the€Ministry€of€Ô_ÔLabourÔ_Ô€and€Social€Security,€aimed€at€promotingÐ D!” Ðwomen€in€the€Ô_ÔlabourÔ_Ô€force.Ð 0"€  ÐÌ279.€€To€disseminate€information€on€the€rights€of€women,€the€National€Womenððs€Council€hadÐ $X" Ðdistributed€35,000€free€copies€of€a€bimonthly€magazine€and€a€CD„ROM€containing€information€onÐ ô$D # Ðthe€national€and€international€legislation€in€the€field€of€women,€including€the€Convention€on€theÐ à%0!$ ÐElimination€of€All€Forms€of€Discrimination€against€Women€and€the€Beijing€Platform€for€Action.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ280.€€The€representative€informed€the€Committee€about€measures€taken€to€prevent€violence€in€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðfamily€and€to€assist€the€victims€of€violence.€€Special€Ô_ÔcentresÔ_Ô€for€information€and€advice€andÐ )à$( Ðpermanent€telephone€services€had€been€established.€€An€agreement€between€the€National€WomenððsÐ |*Ì%) ÐCouncil€and€the€Ministry€of€Justice€had€proposed€a€training€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€for€councillors€and€officialsÐ h+¸&* Ðwho€deal€with€victims€of€violence.€€Together€with€the€United€Nations€Childrenððs€Fund€(UNICEF),Ð T,¤'+ Ðthe€National€Womenððs€Council€had€launched€a€national€training€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€on€violence€againstÐ @-(, ÐÔ_Ôwomen.Ð ° ÐÌ281.€€The€representative€stated€that,€at€all€educational€levels,€women€constituted€more€than€50€perÐ ˆØ Ðcent€of€the€students.€€The€Ministry€of€Education€and€Culture€had€established€a€special€entity€inÐ tÄ Ðcharge€of€womenððs€affairs.€€Its€activities€included€the€revision€of€curricula,€training€of€staff€in€theÐ `° Ðprovinces€and€a€research€competition€relating€to€women€in€the€educational€system.Ð L œ ÐÌ282.€€The€representative€indicated€that€womenððs€health€had€improved€throughout€the€last€decade.€Ð $ t ÐThe€life€expectancy€of€women€increasingly€exceeded€that€of€men€and€maternal€mortality€rates€hadÐ  ` Ðgone€down.€The€Ministry€of€Health€had€launched€training€programmes€to€promote€womenððs€healthÐ ü L  Ðissues.Ð è 8  ÐÌ283.€€To€support€rural€women,€a€project€providing€training€and€credit€facilities€for€women€farmersÐ À  Ðwas€set€up€in€1989.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ284.€€The€Secretariat€of€Natural€Resources€had€declared€its€commitment€to€including€a€genderÐ „Ô  Ðperspective€in€all€programmes€and€policies,€as€requested€in€the€Beijing€Platform€for€Action.Ð pÀ ÐÌ285.€The€representative€informed€the€Committee€that€measures€had€been€taken€for€the€fullÐ H˜ Ðimplementation€of€the€integrated€system€of€retirement€pensions€of€housewives€approved€by€LawÐ 4„ Ð24.828.€€Furthermore,€bills€had€been€presented€to€the€National€Congress€to€regulate€labour€relationsÐ  p Ðconcerning€domestic€employees€and€their€retirement€system.Ð  \ ÐÌ286.€€The€representative€concluded€by€stating€that€legal€measures€were€in€preparation€to€ensure€thatÐ ä4 Ðwomen€received€alimony;€a€bill€creating€a€national€register€of€those€in€default€of€alimony€paymentsÐ Ð  Ðhad€already€been€passed€by€the€House€of€Representatives€and€was€pending€in€the€Senate.Ð ¼  ÐÌòòConcluding€comments€of€the€CommitteeÐ ”ä ÐóóÌòòIntroductionóóÐ l¼ ÐÌ287.€€The€Committee€expressed€its€appreciation€for€the€detailed€responses€provided€by€theÐ D!” ÐGovernment€of€Argentina€to€all€the€questions€sent€in€advance,€as€well€as€the€updating€of€theÐ 0"€  Ðinformation€contained€in€the€second€and€third€periodic€reports€which€the€delegation€had€providedÐ #l! Ðduring€their€presentation.Ð $X" ÐÌ288.€€The€Committee€was€very€appreciative€of€the€fact€that€the€delegation€had€reiterated€the€firmÐ à%0!$ Ðstance€taken€by€the€Government,€as€part€of€democratization,€regarding€its€willingness€to€continue€toÐ Ì&"% Ðdevelop€a€political€ideology€of€equality€for€women€and€to€ensure€the€full€implementation€of€theÐ ¸'#& ÐConvention.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌòòPositive€aspectsóóÐ |*Ì%) ÐÌ289.€The€Committee€welcomed€the€consolidation€of€democracy€in€Argentina.Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð290.€€The€Committee€commended€the€Government€for€granting€the€Convention€a€normative€statusÐ ° Ðon€a€par€with€the€Constitution.Ð œì ÐÌ291.€€The€Committee€noted€with€satisfaction€that€the€Constitution€recognized€the€competence€of€theÐ tÄ ÐNational€Congress€to€adopt€affirmative„action€laws€so€as€to€guarantee€equality€of€opportunity€andÐ `° Ðtreatment.Ð L œ ÐÌ292.€€The€Committee€applauded€the€increase€in€the€number€of€women€parliamentarians,€as€a€resultÐ $ t Ðof€the€effective€application€of€the€Quota€Act.Ð  ` ÐÌ293.€€The€Committee€applauded€the€constitutional€recognition€of€the€right€of€persons€affected,€of€theÐ è 8  ÐHigh€Commissioner€and€of€associations€to€take€speedy€amparo€proceedings€against€acts€or€omissionsÐ Ô$  Ðthat€harmed€or€threatened€rights€recognized€by€the€Constitution.Ð À  ÐÌ294.€€The€Committee€also€noted€with€satisfaction€the€creation€of€the€Federal€Womenððs€Council€andÐ ˜è  Ðthe€National€Womenððs€Council,€organs€entrusted€with€the€task€of€promoting€and€coordinatingÐ „Ô  Ðpolicies€of€equality.Ð pÀ ÐÌòòFactors€and€difficulties€affecting€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÐ H˜ ÐÌ295.€€The€Committee€expressed€concern€that€women€had€been€adversely€affected€by€the€economicÐ  p Ðreforms€and€by€the€amendments€to€the€labour€and€social„security€laws€adopted€recently.Ð  \ ÐÌ296.€€The€Committee€was€concerned€about€the€persistence€of€stereotypes€with€regard€to€the€socialÐ ä4 Ðroles€of€women€and€men.Ð Ð  ÐÌòòPrincipal€areas€of€concernóóÐ ¨ø ÐÌ297.€€The€Committee€noted€that€reform€of€the€Penal€Code,€which€would€bring€it€into€line€with€theÐ €Ð Ðprovisions€of€the€Convention,€was€still€pending.Ð l¼ ÐÌ298.€€The€Committee€expressed€concern€at€the€fact€that€the€percentage€of€women€pursuing€technicalÐ D!” Ðcareers€continued€to€be€low.Ð 0"€  ÐÌ299.€€The€Committee€was€concerned€because€the€reports€of€the€Government€of€Argentina€lacked€dataÐ $X" Ðand€analysis€concerning€the€situation€of€women€subjected€to€slavery€and€exploitation€for€theÐ ô$D # Ðpurposes€of€prostitution.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ300.€€The€Committee€was€concerned€about€the€very€low€number€of€women€occupying€managerialÐ ¸'#& Ðposts€in€the€private€sector.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌ301.€€The€Committee€was€concerned€about€the€fact€that€the€rate€of€unemployment€for€women€(20.3Ð |*Ì%) Ðper€cent)€was€five€percentage€points€higher€than€that€for€men€(15.7€per€cent).Ð h+¸&* ÐÌ302.€€The€Committee€noted€with€concern€that€there€were€no€regulations€governing€the€labourÐ @-(, Ðrelations€of€domestic€employees.Ð ° ÐÌ303.€€The€Committee€expressed€concern€at€the€fact€that€there€were€no€regulations€to€penalize€sexualÐ ˆØ Ðharassment€in€the€workplace€in€the€private€sector.Ð tÄ ÐÌ304.€€The€Committee€was€concerned€about€the€fact€that,€despite€economic€and€social€developmentÐ L œ Ðin€Argentina,€maternal€mortality€and€morbidity€due€to€childbirth€and€abortion€remained€high.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ305.€€The€Committee€was€concerned€about€women€in€rural€areas€having€less€satisfactory€livingÐ  ` Ðconditions€than€those€in€urban€areas.Ð ü L  ÐÌòòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÐ Ô$  ÐÌ306.€€The€Committee€recommended€that€the€Penal€Code€be€reformed€as€soon€as€possible€to€bring€itÐ ¬ü  Ðinto€line€with€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€DiscriminationÐ ˜è  Ðagainst€Women,€its€general€recommendations€and€the€Inter„American€Convention€on€the€Prevention,Ð „Ô  ÐPunishment€and€Eradication€of€Violence€against€Women.Ð pÀ ÐÌ307.€€The€Committee€suggested€that€the€Governmentððs€plans€for€equality€should€be€pursued€andÐ H˜ Ðstrengthened€and€that€their€results€should€be€evaluated€in€a€more€systematic€way.€€Efforts€to€that€endÐ 4„ Ðshould€be€reflected€in€the€next€periodic€report.Ð  p ÐÌ308.€€The€Committee€recommended€that€programmes€designed€to€eliminate€stereotyping€of€the€socialÐ øH Ðroles€of€women€and€men€should€be€sustained€and€reinforced.€€Efforts€should€be€made€to€increase€theÐ ä4 Ðnumber€of€women€pursuing€technical€careers€and€occupying€positions€considered€to€be€a€maleÐ Ð  Ðpreserve,€and€to€ensure€that€men€share€with€women€the€task€of€caring€for€the€children.€Ð ¼  ÐÌ309.€€The€Committee€recommended€that€services€for€the€care€of€young€children€who€had€not€yetÐ ”ä Ðbegun€compulsory€schooling€should€be€increased€and€regulated.Ð €Ð ÐÌ310.€€The€Committee€suggested€that€programmes€to€increase€awareness€among€the€police,€judges€andÐ X ¨ Ðhealth„care€professionals€concerning€the€gravity€of€all€forms€of€violence€against€women€should€beÐ D!” Ðmaintained€and€strengthened.Ð 0"€  ÐÌ311.€€The€Committee€requested€the€Government€of€Argentina€to€include€in€its€next€report€legal€andÐ $X" Ðsociological€information€relating€to€article€6€of€the€Convention.Ð ô$D # ÐÌ312.€€The€Committee€requested€the€Government€of€Argentina€to€provide€information€on€measuresÐ Ì&"% Ðtaken€to€avoid,€in€both€the€public€and€the€private€sectors,€discrimination€in€access€to€employment€andÐ ¸'#& Ðto€enforce€ILO€Conventions€No.€100€concerning€Equal€Remuneration€for€Men€and€Women€WorkersÐ ¤(ô#' Ðfor€Work€of€Equal€Value€and€No.€156€concerning€Workers€with€Family€Responsibilities.Ð )à$( ÐÌ313.€€The€Committee€suggested€that€labour€relations€of€domestic€employees€should€be€regulated.Ð h+¸&* ÐÌ314.€€The€Committee€recommended€that€sexual€harassment€occurring€in€the€workplace€in€the€privateÐ @-(, Ðsector€should€be€penalized.€Ð ° ÐÌ315.€€The€Committee€suggested€that,€in€accordance€with€its€general€recommendation€17€(tenthÐ ˆØ Ðsession)2€and€with€the€Beijing€Platform€for€Action,€the€Government€of€Argentina€should€place€aÐ tÄ Ðvalue€on€unremunerated€work€and€include€it€in€national€accounts€by€means€of€satellite€accounts.Ð `° ÐÌ316.€€The€Committee€recommended€that€sex„disaggregated€statistics€relating€to€education,Ð 8 ˆ Ðemployment€and€social€security€should€be€supplemented,€in€particular€by€including€the€number€ofÐ $ t Ðteachers€at€the€various€levels€of€the€education€system;€the€number€of€students€receiving€grants;€part„Ð  ` Ðtime€work;€the€number€of€open„ended€contracts€and€those€of€a€specific€duration;€average€pay;€andÐ ü L  Ðaverage€retirement€pension.Ð è 8  ÐÌ317.€€The€Committee€recommended€that€programmes€designed€to€promote€employment€of€women,Ð À  Ðparticularly€young€women,€should€be€intensified.€€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ318.€€The€Committee€suggested€that€increased€measures€of€all€types€should€be€taken€to€reduceÐ „Ô  Ðmaternal€mortality€and€morbidity.Ð pÀ ÐÌ319.€€The€Committee€recommended€that€legislation€which€penalized€mothers€who€had€abortionsÐ H˜ Ðshould€be€reviewed.Ð 4„ ÐÌ320.€€The€Committee€recommended€the€strengthening€of€programmes€and€services€directed€towardsÐ  \ Ðrural€women.Ð øH ÐÌ321.€€The€Committee€requested€the€Government€of€Argentina€to€disseminate€these€comments€widelyÐ Ð  Ðthroughout€Argentina,€so€as€to€make€individuals€aware€of€the€measures€that€have€been€taken€toÐ ¼  Ðimplement€the€Convention€and€the€remaining€steps€required€to€achieve€de€facto€equality€for€women.Ð ¨ø ÐÔ_ÔÐ  ”ä ÐÔUKUS.,ÔÌò òÔUS.,UK.,‡­ÔÔCEUS.,ÔÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€€A/57/38€part€III€(2002)ó óÐ œì ÐÌÌ339.€€The€Committee€considered€the€fourth€and€fifth€periodic€reports€of€ArgentinaÐ `° Ð(Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔARGÔ_Ô/4€and€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔARGÔ_Ô/5)€at€its€584th€meeting,€on€16€August€2002€(seeÐ L œ ÐÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/SR.584).Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ(a)€€òòIntroduction€by€the€State€partyóóÐ  ` ÐÌ340.€€In€introducing€the€fourth€and€fifth€periodic€reports,€the€representative€of€Argentina€pointed€outÐ è 8  Ðthat€the€fourth€and€fifth€periodic€reports€provided€information€on€implementation€of€the€ConventionÐ Ô$  Ðduring€two€presidential€periods€under€different€political€parties.€However,€the€National€WomenððsÐ À  ÐCouncil,€created€10€years€before€as€an€agency€within€the€national€executive,€had€been€continuouslyÐ ¬ü  Ðworking€on€specific€objectives€related€to€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€regardless€of€changesÐ ˜è  Ðin€political€leadership.Ð „Ô  ÐÌ341.€€The€representative€provided€an€overview€of€her€countryððs€institutional,€social€and€economicÐ \¬ Ðsituation€with€regard€to€serious€crisis€which€had€erupted€in€December€2001€and€noted€the€ways€inÐ H˜ Ðwhich€the€crisis€had€affected€women€in€particular.€Unemployment€rates€had€been€increasing€sinceÐ 4„ Ð1995€and€had€reached€an€historic€high€in€2002.€Sex„Ô_ÔdisaggregatedÔ_Ô€data€on€that€phenomenon€wasÐ  p Ðavailable€only€for€the€areas€of€Greater€Buenos€Aires,€where€the€impact€was€higher€among€men€(23.2Ð  \ Ðper€cent)€than€among€women€(20.1€per€cent).€Despite€the€current€crisis,€the€Government€had€takenÐ øH Ðsteps€to€increase€the€number€of€working€women€by€fixing€quotas€for€women€in€unemployment€plansÐ ä4 Ðand€professional€training.Ð Ð  ÐÌ342.€€A€number€of€emergency€plans€had€been€implemented€by€the€Government€in€response€to€theÐ ¨ø Ðcrisis,€including€a€food€emergency€plan€to€provide€people€with€financial€assistance€in€purchasingÐ ”ä Ðfood;€and€a€ð ðMale€and€female€heads€of€household€planðð€to€guarantee€to€eligible€households€the€socialÐ €Ð Ðinclusion€family€right,€including€school€attendance,€health€care,€training€and€placement€inÐ l¼ Ðoccupations.€A€health€emergency€had€been€declared€in€order€to€guarantee€access€to€basic€heath„careÐ X ¨ Ðgoods€and€services.Ð D!” ÐÌ343.€€The€representative€stated€that€womenððs€mechanisms€in€Argentina€were€vulnerable€to€reductionsÐ #l! Ðin€public€expenditure€and€that€the€National€Womenððs€Council€had€suffered€budget€cuts€of€75€per€centÐ $X" Ðin€2000€and€a€further€27€per€cent€in€2001.€The€representative€noted,€however,€that€the€Council€hadÐ ô$D # Ðcontinued€to€implement€most€of€its€projected€plans€and€programmes€and€had€developed€others.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ344.€€The€national€Government,€through€the€National€Womenððs€Council€as€executing€agency,€hadÐ ¸'#& Ðbeen€implementing€the€Federal€Plan€for€Women,€which€was€aimed€at€institutional€strengthening€ofÐ ¤(ô#' Ðnational,€provincial€and€municipal€womenððs€machineries.€Although€the€Plan€had€undergone€a€totalÐ )à$( Ðreduction€of€funding€from€15€million€to€10€million€pesos,€causing€delays€and€the€postponement€ofÐ |*Ì%) Ðsome€activities,€accomplishments€included€the€acquisition€and€distribution€of€computers€for€allÐ h+¸&* Ðprovincial€Womenððs€Area€offices;€the€holding€of€seminars,€workshops€and€gender„related€trainingÐ T,¤'+ Ðand€technical€assistance,€and€financial€support€for€local€projects€dealing€with€gender„sensitive€publicÐ @-(, Ðpolicies.€Two€externally€funded€programmes€had€also€been€developed€to€mainstream€gender€intoÐ ° Ðprojects€financed€by€the€World€Bank€and€promote€gender„sensitive€family€development.Ð œì ÐÌ345.€€With€regard€to€the€Committeeððs€concluding€comments€on€the€second€and€third€periodic€reportsÐ tÄ Ðin€1997,€the€representative€described€a€number€of€actions€which€had€been€taken€by€the€Government.Ð `° ÐThey€included€the€enactment€and€implementation€of€a€quota€law€providing€for€the€election€of€aÐ L œ Ðminimum€of€30€per€cent€of€women€to€the€National€Congress.€The€results€of€the€reform€had€beenÐ 8 ˆ Ðdemonstrated€in€the€national€elections€of€2001€in€which€womenððs€participation€reached€the€minimumÐ $ t Ðlevel€of€30€per€cent.Ð  ` ÐÌ346.€€The€Government€had€also€taken€steps€to€adjust€the€countryððs€penal€code€to€the€provisions€ofÐ è 8  Ðthe€Convention€by€passing€the€1999€Crimes€Against€Sexual€Integrity€Act,€and€had€been€developingÐ Ô$  Ðprocedures€and€indicators€for€sex„Ô_ÔdisaggregatedÔ_Ô€data€collection€and€a€gender€gap€indicator€systemÐ À  Ðfor€monitoring€and€policy€formulation.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ347.€€With€regard€to€violence€against€women,€the€representative€stated€that€legislatures€in€20Ð „Ô  Ðprovinces€had€passed€relevant€laws€dealing€with,€inter€alia,€civil€law€jurisdiction,€formal€andÐ pÀ Ðinformal€marriages,€mechanisms€for€reporting€violations€of€the€law,€family€interaction,€educationalÐ \¬ Ðand€therapeutic€programmes€and€treatments,€and€free€medical€and€psychological€assistance.€At€theÐ H˜ Ðnational€level,€the€tax€reform€law€of€2000€contained€provisions€for€medical€insurance,€retirement€andÐ 4„ Ðpensions€for€domestic€workers,€and€the€Congress€was€considering€approximately€10€bills€dealingÐ  p Ðwith€the€issue€of€sexual€harassment.€Since€1999,€legislation€had€been€introduced€addressing€theÐ  \ Ðproblem€of€alimony€and€penalties€imposed€for€delinquency€in€payments.Ð øH ÐÌ348.€€The€representative€acknowledged€that€there€were€fundamental€issues€which€needed€to€beÐ Ð  Ðaddressed€with€regard€to€violence€against€women.€They€included€specialized€assistance€for€womenÐ ¼  Ðvictims€of€violence,€coordination€among€various€State€agencies,€easy€and€free„of„charge€access€toÐ ¨ø Ðlegal€protection€and€wider€awareness€of€womenððs€human€rights.Ð ”ä ÐÌ349.€€With€regard€to€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Convention,€the€representative€stated€that,€in€AprilÐ l¼ Ð2002,€a€request€had€been€made€by€the€Government€to€withdraw€the€Protocol€from€consideration€byÐ X ¨ Ðthe€Congress.€However,€the€bill€was€still€in€the€Senate,€where€an€exchange€of€views€on€its€futureÐ D!” Ðapproval€was€taking€place.Ð 0"€  ÐÌ(b)€€òòConcluding€comments€of€the€CommitteeóóÐ $X" ÐÌòòIntroductionóóÐ à%0!$ ÐÌ350.€€The€Committee€thanks€the€State€party€for€its€fourth€and€fifth€periodic€reports€under€theÐ ¸'#& ÐConvention,€which€were€prepared€in€accordance€with€the€Committeeððs€guidelines€for€the€preparationÐ ¤(ô#' Ðof€reports,€and€for€its€replies€to€the€questions€of€the€pre„session€working€group.Ð )à$( ÐÌ351.€€The€Committee€thanks€the€State€party€for€having€sent€a€delegation€headed€by€the€President€ofÐ h+¸&* Ðthe€National€Womenððs€Council€of€Argentina,€despite€the€serious€crisis€the€country€is€experiencing.Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð352.€€The€Committee€evaluated€the€serious€economic,€financial,€political€and€social€crisis€whichÐ ° ÐArgentina€has€been€experiencing€since€2001€and€endorsed€the€decision€of€the€pre„session€WorkingÐ œì ÐGroup€to€request€the€States€party€to€submit€expanded€and€updated€information€on€the€impact€of€theÐ ˆØ Ðcrisis€on€the€countryððs€female€population;€it€decided€accordingly€to€adapt€its€method€of€work€forÐ tÄ Ðanalysing€reports€as€the€content€of€the€reports€was€not€up„to„date.Ð `° ÐÌòòRequest€for€a€follow„up€reportóóÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌ353.€€In€the€framework€of€a€constructive€dialogue,€the€Committee€expressed€its€dissatisfaction€withÐ  ` Ðthe€lack€of€information€provided€on€the€impact€of€the€crisis€on€the€countryððs€female€population,Ð ü L  Ðwhich€negatively€affected€the€implementation€of€the€Convention;€consequently,€it€decided€to€requestÐ è 8  Ðthe€State€party,€in€conformity€with€article€18,€paragraph€1€(b),€of€the€Convention,€to€submit€a€follow„Ð Ô$  Ðup€report€in€January€2004€for€consideration€by€the€Committee€in€June€2004.Ð À  ÐÌ354.€€The€Committee€made€it€clear€that€in€no€case€was€the€follow„up€report€to€replace€the€submissionÐ ˜è  Ðof€a€sixth€periodic€report€by€Argentina,€scheduled€for€14€August€2006,€in€accordance€with€article€18Ð „Ô  Ðof€the€Convention.Ð pÀ ÐÌ355.€€The€follow„up€report€should€take€into€account€the€areas€of€concern€under€the€Convention€asÐ H˜ Ðindicated€in€the€paragraphs€below€and€reply€to€the€recommendations€made€by€the€Committee€in€theseÐ 4„ Ðconcluding€comments,€and€should€include€expanded,€updated€and€systematized€information,Ð  p Ðincluding€sex„Ô_ÔdisaggregatedÔ_Ô€data€as€far€as€possible,€about€the€impact€of€the€crisis€on€the€countryððsÐ  \ Ðfemale€population€and€the€measures€adopted€to€reduce€and€overcome€its€negative€effects€on€women.Ð øH ÐÌòòPrincipal€areas€of€concern€and€recommendationsóóÐ Ð  ÐÌ356.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€situation€of€women€resulting€from€the€growing€increase€inÐ ¨ø Ðpoverty,€and€extreme€poverty,€which€has€spread€to€more€than€half€the€population,€and€which€canÐ ”ä Ðhave€a€disproportionately€heavy€impact€on€the€female€population.€Of€special€concern€are€womenÐ €Ð Ðheads€of€household€who€are€living€in€poverty€and€unemployed,€with€dependent€children,€and€womenÐ l¼ Ðfrom€rural€areas,€indigenous€populations€and€the€most€vulnerable€sectors€of€the€population.Ð X ¨ ÐÌ357.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€should€pay€special,€ongoing€attention€to€theÐ 0"€  Ðsituation€of€women€and€should€take€the€necessary€measures€to€prevent€women,€especially€those€fromÐ #l! Ðrural€areas,€indigenous€populations€and€the€most€vulnerable€sectors€of€the€population,€from€bearingÐ $X" Ðthe€heaviest€burden€of€the€crisis.€It€also€requests€the€State€party€to€ensure€that€the€Programme€forÐ ô$D # Ðunemployed€heads€of€household€with€children€under€18€or€disabled€children€includes€a€genderÐ à%0!$ Ðperspective€in€order€that€the€few€resources€that€are€available€for€social€allowances€may€be€distributedÐ Ì&"% Ðwithout€discrimination.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌ358.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€precarious€nature€of€womenððs€employment,€in€particularÐ )à$( Ðthe€situation€of€unemployed€women€in€the€informal€sector.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ359.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€should€make€all€necessary€efforts€to€guaranteeÐ T,¤'+ Ðcompliance€with€the€labour€legislation€and€protect€women€from€the€violation€of€their€basic€labourÐ @-(, Ðrights€and€from€discriminatory€dismissals.Ð ° ÐÌ360.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€high€maternal€mortality€rate€and€at€the€fact€that,€with€theÐ ˆØ Ðincreasing€deterioration€in€health€services,€women,€in€particular€those€in€situations€of€vulnerability,Ð tÄ Ðare€losing€their€right€to€comprehensive€health€care,€in€particular€as€regards€sexual€and€reproductiveÐ `° Ðhealth.€The€Committee€is€also€concerned€because,€in€this€critical€context,€the€incidence€of€HIV/AIDSÐ L œ Ðis€tending€to€increase,€especially€among€women.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ361.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€should€guarantee€womenððs€access€to€healthÐ  ` Ðservices,€including€sexual€and€reproductive€health€services,€and€that€it€should€adopt€the€necessaryÐ ü L  Ðmeasures€to€reduce€the€high€maternal€mortality€rate.€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€partyÐ è 8  Ðshould€pay€special€attention€to€preventing€and€Ô_ÔcombatingÔ_Ô€HIV/AIDS.Ð Ô$  ÐÌ362.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€fact€that€the€crisis€has€affected€access€by€women,Ð ¬ü  Ðparticularly€girls,€to€public€education€because€they€lack€the€resources€needed€either€to€begin€orÐ ˜è  Ðcontinue€their€studies.Ð „Ô  ÐÌ363.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€should€make€every€possible€effort€to€guaranteeÐ \¬ Ðaccess€by€girls€to€education€under€conditions€equal€to€those€of€boys,€with€special€attention€to€girlsÐ H˜ Ðfrom€the€most€vulnerable€sectors.Ð 4„ ÐÌ364.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that,€although€the€State€party€has€extensive€legislation€in€the€areaÐ  \ Ðof€prevention€and€treatment€of€domestic€violence,€this€problem€has€worsened.€The€Committee€isÐ øH Ðconcerned€that€the€crisis€might€increase€the€risk€of€trafficking€in€women€and€girls€and€theirÐ ä4 Ðexploitation€for€purposes€of€prostitution.Ð Ð  ÐÌ365.€€The€Committee€requests€the€State€party€to€ensure€that€its€Recommendation€No.€19€on€violenceÐ ¨ø Ðagainst€women€is€taken€into€account€and€that€all€necessary€measures€are€taken€to€provide€fullÐ ”ä Ðprotection€to€the€victims,€punish€those€responsible€and€check€the€growing€trend€towards€violenceÐ €Ð Ðagainst€women.€The€Committee€requests€the€State€party,€especially,€to€evaluate€the€trafficking€ofÐ l¼ Ðwomen€and€girls€and€to€strengthen€domestic€measures€and,€if€necessary,€international€measures€inÐ X ¨ Ðcooperation€with€other€countries€that€are€countries€of€origin,€transit€or€destination€for€the€exploitationÐ D!” Ðof€women€and€girls€for€purposes€of€trafficking,€in€particular€to€prevent€the€exploitation€ofÐ 0"€  Ðprostitution.Ð #l! ÐÌ366.€€The€Committee€notes€with€concern€the€attempt€to€downgrade€the€National€Womenððs€CouncilÐ ô$D # Ðand€the€lack€of€a€formal€strategy€for€coordination€of€the€different€State€agencies.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ367.€€The€Committee€notes€the€importance€of€continuity,€autonomy€management€and€coordinationÐ ¸'#& Ðof€the€national€mechanism€for€the€advancement€of€women€at€this€time€of€crisis€in€the€country€andÐ ¤(ô#' Ðrecommends€that€they€should€be€strengthened.Ð )à$( ÐÌ368.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€should€include€and€involve€women€in€theÐ h+¸&* Ðprocess€of€economic,€financial,€political€and€social€reconstruction€of€the€country.Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð369.€€The€Committee€requests€that€the€present€concluding€comments€be€widely€disseminated€inÐ ° ÐArgentina€in€order€to€inform€the€public,€in€particular€public€officials€and€politicians,€of€the€measuresÐ œì Ðtaken€to€guarantee€and€to€be€adopted€to€guarantee€the€de€facto€and€de€jure€equality€of€women€and€ofÐ ˆØ Ðthe€measures€to€be€adopted€for€that€purpose.Ð tÄ ÐÔUS.,CE.,·­ÔÔUKUS.,ÔÔUS.,UK.,ÃëÔ