ÿWPCv Ÿq<=f)8•wZ牃¬ ”Ú‰pà¶;)e¥C*Rsyí¶Ñ¤ ÒƒørÐÙû\²pœì]ªâ{šÇIŸå`‘w`¿ˆg˜Ò–Úð¦Ü’å6Å•}å[Q¢wâ=“@'¸Mã]Ny;‹ ©úðõÓ:“ç2CµäEeµòÕ |€á¨ñH¤Dyåä@Ü7U{÷|ÓÝš;†ÂÓj+™œ»<ÞÑ£– lÖ"äœkúÁ0"]mFŠ'·ÓQCê…àÛˆªÔž˜·ìUäÁ¶ÃÌØ÷½°Ã£ëÛ|!-Gß!+¤ûÝ É‚·T8k£_US Xg„̼ÓxIˆ'o¤X)$týÝÖUKMãcOEŒúHD‘ Ð`âç1Çq X‰.® )­¨¥;2qˆ„†ÇlM‘ÔXú¬1¶PQº¸ó )Z¤‡z~Ì‚d—ö.0xôQÛíî;¹´¤˜#òËa„,ó¢'±UÉ¥½•øüH©²QM¶vSïH~ŒŸŠ©Ÿ-ã —™0øѯÛÔävþ¿Þu™gGŸ@<ºý¿¸7»Í «Z$¥£@I—@b௙‰YO†Ò7 5Ru=Û\7Ž†+Òê=é¤PPµÀƒÍËÛ­ÝÁÔzBs,Q‚#Á UNÝ %+ 0:1 ^ k ww 4{  ž m  · U>¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ 0 ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý ý B                             0C: : : : : : : : : : : ù} ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÙØÙÙØÈÙ0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ôl‘ô* 5Oð*p}.bk13|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ô\  `‹&Times New Roman<rrÿÿ:footnote refò òòòÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡ ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔó óóóÔS‡ ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÔ‡XXXÔ d(ÿÿ$òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó ïÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ X0nXXXÔÝ‚/ÿÿÿÝò òòòÔ€ X0nXh X0nÔÔ€ X0nXh X0nÔÝ  Ýò…òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó…óó óóóÝ‚/ÿ\ƒÝÔ€ X0nXX X0nÔÔ€ X0nXX X0nÔÝ  Ý€€See€òòOfficial€Records€of€the€Economic€and€Social€Council,€1994,€Supplement€No.€3óó€(E/1994/23„Ð ° ÐE/C.12/1993/19),€chap.€V,€para.€156.Ð ™é ÐÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òÓ  ÓÔ‡¼}À»XXÔAUSTRALIAÔ#†X0nX»¼}ÀL#Ôó óÐ ° ÐÌÌÓ  Óò òÔ_ÔCESCRÔ_Ô€€€E/1994/23ó óÐ “ã ÐÌÌÓ  Ó143.€€The€Committee€considered€the€second€periodic€report€of€Australia€on€articles€13€to€15€of€theÐ O Ÿ ÐCovenant€(E/1990/7/Add.13)€at€its€13òòthóó,€15òòthóó€and€20òòthóó€meetings€on€24,€25€and€28€May€1993€and,€atÐ 8 ˆ Ðits€20òòthóó€meeting,€adopted€the€following€concluding€observations.Ð ! q ÐÌA.€€òòIntroductionóóÐ ó C  ÐÌ144.€€The€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€to€the€State€party€for€the€comprehensive€report€andÐ Å  Ðfor€the€delegation€sent€to€discuss€the€report,€which€serve€as€an€indication€of€the€seriousness€withÐ ®þ  Ðwhich€the€Government€of€Australia€takes€its€obligations€under€the€Covenant.Ð —ç  ÐÌ145.€€The€Committee€notes€with€appreciation€that€the€excellence€of€the€written€report,€the€additionalÐ i¹ Ðwritten€information€as€well€as€oral€responses€to€questions€raised€have€enabled€the€Committee€toÐ R¢ Ðobtain€a€clearer€understanding€of€the€State€partyððs€performance€of€its€obligations€under€theÐ ;‹ ÐCovenant.Ð $t ÐÌB.€€òòPositive€aspectsóóÐ öF ÐÌ146.€€€The€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€the€efforts€made€within€the€federal€structure€ofÐ È ÐAustralia€to€establish€the€machinery€to€ensure€compliance€with€the€education€related€provisions€ofÐ ± Ðthe€Covenant.€The€Committee€also€notes€with€satisfaction€that€the€State€party,€since€the€submissionÐ šê Ðof€its€previous€report€to€the€Committee,€has€undertaken€various€initiatives€and€measures€designedÐ ƒÓ Ðto€redress€imbalances€in€the€provision€of€education€for€identified€disadvantaged€groups€in€Australia,Ð l¼ Ðincluding€the€Aboriginal€and€Torres€Strait€Islander€populations,€girls,€person€with€disabilities€andÐ U¥ Ðminority€groups.€The€Committee€welcomes€the€fact€that€numerous€studies€or€reviews€have€beenÐ >Ž Ðundertaken€or€are€in€preparation€on€education€related€matters€and€that€the€findings€of€these€studiesÐ ' w Ðare€taken€into€account€in€the€determination€of€educational€policy€and€national€action€plans.€TheÐ !` ÐCommittee€attaches€particular€importance€to€the€development€of€a€national€strategy€for€equity€inÐ ù!I  Ðschooling,€the€impact€on€the€teaching€profession€of€the€National€Project€on€the€Quality€of€TeachingÐ â"2! Ðand€Learning,€and€the€initiatives€being€taken€concerning€human€rights€education€in€curriculumÐ Ë#" Ðdevelopment.€The€Committee€also€welcomes€the€development€of€appropriate€indicators€to€monitorÐ ´$ # Ðprogress€in€the€achievement€of€set€objectives€of€national€policy€on€education.Ð %í $ ÐÌ147.€€The€Committee€is€encouraged€by€the€development€of€programmes€to€promote€multiculturalismÐ o'¿"& Ðand€the€recognition€being€placed€on€the€racial€and€cultural€differences€in€Australia.Ð X(¨#' ÐÌC.€€òòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€CovenantóóÐ **z%) ÐÌ148.€€The€Committee€notes€that€differences€exist€in€legislation€concerning€education€within€theÐ ü+L'+ Ðfederal€system€of€Australia.€The€Committee€also€notes€that€the€State€party€has€identified€severalÐ å,5(, Ðgroups€as€being€disadvantaged€with€regard€to€their€participation€in€education.€In€particular,€theÐ Î-)- ÐCommittee€notes€that€Ô_ÔsocioÔ_Ô„economic€factors€and€the€isolation€of€certain€Aboriginal€and€TorresÐ ° ÐStrait€Islander€communities€constitute€major€difficulties€in€the€implementation€of€the€Covenant.Ð ™é ÐÌ149.€€The€Committee€recognizes€that€limited€resources€and€the€geographic€isolation€of€certainÐ k» ÐAboriginal€communities€have€been€the€principal€impediments€to€furthering€cultural€development€andÐ T¤ Ðinternational€contacts.Ð =  ÐÌD.€€òòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÐ  _ ÐÌ150.€€The€Committee€considers€the€situation€of€disadvantaged€groups€in€the€educational€system€toÐ á 1  Ðbe€of€particular€concern.€The€Committee€specifically€notes€the€situation€of€the€Aboriginals€andÐ Ê   ÐTorres€Strait€Islanders€in€education€which€affects€their€prospects€for€future€employment,€as€well€asÐ ³  Ðthe€problems€of€illiteracy€among€the€adults€of€this€group,€the€majority€of€whom€do€not€have€primaryÐ œì  Ðand€secondary€education.Ð …Õ  ÐÌ151.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€about€the€lack€of€opportunities€available€to€persons€withÐ W§  Ðdisabilities€fully€to€enjoy€their€rights€to€education.Ð @ ÐÌ152.€€The€Committee€is€also€concerned€about€the€effects€of€funding€accorded€to€non„governmentÐ b Ðschools€on€the€quality€of€education€in€government€schools.Ð ûK ÐÌ153.€€As€regards€the€implementation€of€article€15€of€the€Covenant,€the€Committee€expressesÐ Í Ðparticular€concern€that€Aboriginals€and€Torres€Strait€Islanders€do€not€have€sufficient€opportunitiesÐ ¶ Ðfully€to€involve€themselves€in€creating€awareness€of€their€cultural€heritage.Ð Ÿï ÐÌ154.€€The€Committee€expresses€concern€about€provisions€of€the€Federal€Customs€Regulations€whichÐ qÁ Ðprohibit€the€import€of€certain€materials€as€referred€to€in€paragraph€310€of€the€report.€The€practicalÐ Zª Ðapplication€of€these€provisions€could€run€counter€to€the€freedom€of€artistic€creation€and€performance.Ð C“ ÐÌE.€€òòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÐ e ÐÌ155.€€The€Committee€underlines€the€importance,€in€the€context€of€federalism€in€Australia,€of€closeÐ ç 7 Ðcooperation€and€coordination€between€different€authorities€and€organizations€for€the€effectiveÐ Ð!   Ðimplementation€of€the€provisions€contained€in€articles€13€to€15€of€the€Covenant.Ð ¹" ! ÐÌ156.€€The€Committee€suggests€that€activities€be€undertaken€throughout€the€federal€structure€ofÐ ‹$Û# ÐAustralia€to€sensitize€society€to€the€situation€and€different€needs€of€persons€with€disabilities€andÐ t%Ä $ Ðother€groups.€As€part€of€the€efforts€to€be€undertaken€to€change€and€influence€attitudes€towardsÐ ]&­!% Ðvulnerable€groups,€the€Committee€recommends€that€further€measures€be€taken€to€strengthen€theÐ F'–"& Ðhuman€rights€education€component€in€formal€and€non„formal€curricula.Ð /(#' ÐÌ157.€€The€Committee€considers€it€important€that€the€State€party€take€particular€measures€to€involveÐ *Q%) Ðdifferent€groups€in€the€process€of€preparing€reports€for€the€Committee,€to€make€these€reports€widelyÐ ê*:&* Ðknown€and€available€to€the€public€and€to€make€available€the€summary€records€and€concludingÐ Ó+#'+ Ðobservations€following€the€Committeeððs€consideration€of€the€report€before€it.Ð ¼, (, ÐÐ ¥-õ(- Ð158.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€due€attention€be€given€to€the€development€of€indicators€forÐ ° Ðmeasuring€progress€in€the€implementation€of€the€rights€covered€by€articles€13€to€15€of€the€Covenant.Ð ™é ÐInformation€on€the€results€and€progress€made€in€this€area€should€be€provided€when€the€State€partyÐ ‚Ò Ðnext€reports€to€the€Committee.€In€addition,€the€Committee€emphasizes€the€importance€of€taking€stepsÐ k» Ðto€monitor€more€closely€the€general€situation€of€Aboriginals€and€Torres€Strait€Islanders€and€otherÐ T¤ Ðdisadvantaged€groups€particularly€in€education€and€culture.€The€Committee€therefore€appreciatesÐ =  Ðthat€the€Government€of€Australia€is€fully€aware€of€the€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€ofÐ & v Ðthe€Covenant.Ð  _ ÐÌ159.€€The€Committee€emphasizes€the€appropriateness€of€the€efforts€being€undertaken€by€theÐ á 1  ÐGovernment€to€identify€the€needs€of€disadvantaged€groups€and€to€continue€to€draw€on€the€results€ofÐ Ê   Ðstudies€and€reviews€in€the€development€of€policy€initiatives€aimed€at€responding€to€the€needs€of€suchÐ ³  Ðgroups.€The€Committee€underscores€the€importance€which€it€attaches€to€the€economic,€social€andÐ œì  Ðcultural€rights€of€persons€with€disabilities€and€of€the€elderly€and€therefore€urges€the€Government€toÐ …Õ  Ðdirect€major€efforts€towards€assessing€and€addressing€the€needs€of€these€groups€in€relation€to€theirÐ n¾  Ðrights€under€article€13€and€15€of€the€Covenant.Ð W§  ÐÌ160.€€The€Committee€appreciates€the€expression€of€commitment€by€the€Government€to€implementÐ )y Ðequity€in€schooling€as€a€matter€of€public€responsibility,€and€hence€recommends€that€legislativeÐ b Ðefforts€be€undertaken€to€eliminate€the€remaining€obstacles€to€the€equitable€access€to€educationalÐ ûK Ðestablishments.Ð ä4 ÐÌ161.€€The€Committee€would€welcome€information,€in€the€next€report€of€the€State€party€on€theÐ ¶ Ðimplementation€of€articles€13€to€15€of€the€Covenant,€on€any€differences€identified€in€the€quality€ofÐ Ÿï Ðeducation€between€government€and€non„governmental€schools.Ð ˆØ ÐÌ162.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€actions€be€taken€to€provide€Aboriginal€artists€withÐ Zª Ðopportunities€to€participate€in€international€forums€in€order€to€promote€awareness€of€their€indigenousÐ C“ Ðculture.Ð ,| ÐÌÓ ÓÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÐ ¥-õ(- Їò òÔ_ÔCESCRÔ_Ô€E/2001/22ó óÐ ° ÐÌÌ366.à  àThe€Committee€considered€the€third€periodic€report€of€Australia€on€the€implementation€ofÐ l¼ Ðthe€Covenant€(E/1994/104/Add.22)€at€its€45th€to€47th€meetings,€held€on€24€and€25August€2000,Ð U¥ Ðand€adopted,€at€its€55th€meeting,€held€on€31€August€2000,€the€following€concludingÐ > Ž Ðobservations.Ð ' w ÐÌò òA.€€Introductionó óÐ ù I ÐÌ367.à  àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€submission€of€the€third€periodic€report€of€Australia,€whichÐ Ì   Ðhas€been€prepared€in€conformity€with€the€revised€reporting€guidelines€established€by€theÐ µ  ÐCommittee.€€The€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€for€the€readiness€of€the€State€party€toÐ žî  Ðadvance€the€date€of€the€presentation€of€its€third€periodic€report,€which€is€indicative€of€the€StateÐ ‡×  Ðpartyððs€willingness€to€cooperate€with€the€Committee.Ð pÀ  ÐÌ368.à  àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€constructive€dialogue€which€took€place€between€theÐ B’ Ðdelegation€of€the€State€party€and€Committee€members.€€The€Committee€regrets,€however,€that,Ð +{ Ðowing€to€the€unexpected€advance€of€the€consideration€of€the€State€partyððs€report,€the€writtenÐ d Ðreplies€to€its€list€of€issues€were€not€available€to€Committee€members€before€the€dialogue.€€TheÐ ýM ÐCommittee€also€regrets€that€a€number€of€questions€were€not€answered€to€its€satisfaction.€€Ð æ6 ÐÌò òB.€€Positive€aspectsó óÐ ¸ ÐÌ369.à  àThe€Committee€acknowledges€that,€in€general,€the€majority€of€Australians€have€a€highÐ ‹Û Ðstandard€of€living€and€that€the€State€party€is€continuing€efforts€to€maintain€this€high€standard€ofÐ tÄ Ðliving€in€the€country.€€This€is€supported€by€the€fact€that€Australia€is€ranked€fourth€on€the€Ô_ÔUNDPÔ_ÔÐ ]­ ÐHuman€Development€Index€for€the€year€2000.Ð F– ÐÌ370.à  àThe€Committee€notes€the€introduction€by€the€State€party€of€policies€for€streamliningÐ h Ðbusiness€regulation€and€the€delivery€of€government€services,€in€particular€the€implementation,Ð  Q Ðbeginning€in€July€2000,€of€the€Goods€and€Services€Tax,€aimed€at€the€reduction€of€income€tax€forÐ ê : Ðthe€majority€of€working€Australians.Ð Ó!#  ÐÌ371.à  àThe€Committee€commends€the€State€partyððs€contribution€to€resolving€the€recent€AsianÐ ¥#õ" Ðfinancial€crisis.Ð Ž$Þ# ÐÌ372.à  àThe€Committee€notes€with€appreciation€the€State€partyððs€leadership€role€in€maintainingÐ `&°!% Ðpeace€and€stability€in€the€region,€òòinter€alia,óó€by€providing€economic€and€humanitarian€assistance,Ð I'™"& Ðparticularly€in€East€Ô_ÔTimorÔ_Ô.Ð 2(‚#' ÐÌ373.à  àThe€Committee€notes€that,€in€August€1999,€the€Parliament€passed€a€motion€expressingÐ *T%) Ðcommitment€to€reconciliation€with€the€indigenous€populations€of€Australia€as€an€importantÐ í*=&* Ðnational€priority,€and€a€deep€and€sincere€regret€for€past€policies€that€have€negatively€affectedÐ Ö+&'+ Ðthem.€€The€Committee€also€notes€that,€in€May€2000,€the€Council€for€Aboriginal€ReconciliationÐ ¿,(, Ðpresented€to€the€Australian€people€its€final€proposals€for€a€Document€for€Reconciliation€towardsÐ ¨-ø(- Ðthe€development€of€measures€to€improve€the€position€of€the€indigenous€populations€of€Australia.Ð ° ÐÌ374.à  àThe€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€has€allocated€2.3€billion€Australian€dollars€forÐ ‚Ò Ðgiving€priority€to€indigenous€programmes.Ð k» ÐÌ375.à  àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€partnership€between€the€State€party€and€indigenousÐ =  Ðcommunities€in€initiatives€aimed€at€providing€greater€access€for€indigenous€peoples€to€culturallyÐ & v Ðappropriate€health€services€and€allocating€significant€resources€for€the€improvement€ofÐ  _ Ðindigenous€health€in€general.Ð ø H ÐÌ376.à  àThe€Committee€notes€that,€despite€the€persistence€of€disparities€between€men€and€womenÐ Ê   Ðin€the€field€of€employment,€there€has€been€an€increase€in€the€percentage€of€women€employed€atÐ ³  Ðhigher€levels.Ð œì  ÐÌ377.à  àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€various€programmes€established€by€the€State€party€toÐ n¾  Ðaddress€domestic€violence,€among€them€Partnerships€Against€Domestic€Violence,€the€Rural€andÐ W§  ÐRemote€Domestic€Violence€Initiative,€the€Gender€and€Violence€Project€and€Crisis€Payment.Ð @ ÐÌò òC.€€Factors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€Covenantó óÐ b ÐÌ378.à  àIn€spite€of€existing€guarantees€pertaining€to€economic,€social€and€cultural€rights€inÐ å5 ÐtheState€partyððs€domestic€legislation,€the€Covenant€continues€to€have€no€legal€status€at€theÐ Î Ðfederal€and€state€level,€thereby€impeding€the€full€recognition€and€applicability€of€its€provisions.Ð · ÐÌò òD.€€Principal€subjects€of€concernó óÐ ‰Ù ÐÌ379.à  àThe€Committee€regrets€that,€because€the€Covenant€has€not€been€entrenched€as€law€in€theÐ \¬ Ðdomestic€legal€order,€its€provisions€cannot€be€invoked€before€a€court€of€law.€Ð E• ÐÌ380.à  àThe€Committee€expresses€its€deep€concern€that,€despite€the€efforts€and€achievements€ofÐ g Ðthe€State€party,€the€indigenous€populations€of€Australia€continue€to€be€at€a€comparativeÐ  P Ðdisadvantage€in€the€enjoyment€of€economic,€social€and€cultural€rights,€particularly€in€the€field€ofÐ é 9 Ðemployment,€housing,€health€and€education.Ð Ò!"  ÐÌ381.à  àThe€Committee€notes€with€regret€that€the€amendments€to€the€1993€Native€Title€Act€haveÐ ¤#ô" Ðaffected€the€reconciliation€process€between€the€State€party€and€the€indigenous€populations,€whoÐ $Ý# Ðview€these€amendments€as€regressive.€€Ð v%Æ $ ÐÌ382.à  àThe€Committee€notes€with€concern€that€the€Workplace€Relations€Act€of€1996€favoursÐ H'˜"& Ðindividual€negotiation€with€employers€over€collective€bargaining,€thereby€reducing€the€role€ofÐ 1(#' Ðthe€Australian€Industrial€Relations€Commission.€€The€Committee€is€also€concerned€about€theÐ )j$( Ðrestrictions€resulting€from€the€Act€with€regard€to€the€protection€of€wages,€job€security€andÐ *S%) Ðtemporary€employment.Ð ì*<&* ÐÌ383.à  àThe€Committee€notes€with€concern€that€Ô_ÔhomeworkersÔ_Ô,€who€are€predominantly€women,€doÐ ¾,(, Ðnot€enjoy€any€form€of€social€protection€and€are€paid€substantially€lower€wages€than€the€minimumÐ §-÷(- Ðwage,€which€compels€them€to€work€excessively€long€hours€in€order€to€earn€enough€to€ensure€theÐ ° Ðdaily€subsistence€of€their€families.Ð ™é ÐÌ384.à  àThe€Committee€notes€with€concern€that€paid€maternity€leave€is€not€provided€for€in€law€orÐ k» Ðin€collective€labour€conventions,€and€that€the€State€party€has€not€ratified€ILO€ConventionÐ T¤ ÐNo.103€(revised€1952)€concerning€maternity€protection.Ð =  ÐÌ385.à  àThe€Committee€regrets€that€the€absence€of€an€officially€set€poverty€line€in€Australia€hasÐ  _ Ðdeprived€the€Committee€of€the€criteria€it€needs€to€determine€the€progress€achieved€over€time€byÐ ø H Ðthe€State€party€in€its€efforts€to€reduce€poverty.Ð á 1  ÐÌ386.à  àThe€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€current€Residential€Tenancies€Act€1987€(inÐ ³  ÐNewSouth€Wales)€does€not€provide€adequate€security€of€tenure€and€protection€against€evictionÐ œì  Ðand€arbitrary€rent€increases,€and€that,€consequently,€rents€in€Sydney€have€increasedÐ …Õ  Ðsubstantiallyand€forced€evictions€are€reported€to€have€taken€place,€especially€in€connectionÐ n¾  Ðwiththe€2000€Olympic€Games.Ð W§  ÐÌ387.à  àThe€Committee€expresses€its€deep€concern€that,€despite€the€guarantees€of€coverage€for€allÐ )y Ðunder€the€Medicare€system,€the€problem€of€long€waiting€periods€for€medical€services€inÐ b Ðhospitals,€and€in€particular€for€surgery,€has€not€been€sufficiently€addressed.Ð ûK ÐÌ388.à  àThe€Committee€notes€with€concern€that€no€steps€have€been€taken€to€respond€to€itsÐ Í Ðrecommendation,€made€in€its€concluding€observation€on€the€second€periodic€report€on€Australia,Ð ¶ Ðto€strengthen€human€rights€education€in€formal€and€non„formal€curricula.Ý‚/ÿÿÿÝò òòòÔ€X0nXhX0nÔÔ€ X0nXhX0nÔÝ  ÝóóÝ‚/ÿ…Jhe€CÝó óÔ€X0nXX X0nÔÔ€X0nXXX0nÔÝ  Ý׃×Ý ƒvÿÿÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×òòóó€€Furthermore,€whileÐ Ÿï Ðthe€State€party€has€given€information€relating€to€the€funding€of€private€and€public€schools,€it€hasÐ ˆØ Ðnot€provided€sufficient€information€on€the€difference€in€quality€of€schooling€available€to€studentsÐ qÁ Ðin€public€and€private€schools.Ð Zª ÐÌò òE.€€Suggestions€and€recommendationsó óÐ ,| ÐÌ389.à  àThe€Committee€strongly€recommends€that€the€State€party€incorporate€the€Covenant€in€itsÐ ÿO Ðlegislation,€in€order€to€ensure€the€applicability€of€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant€in€the€domesticÐ è 8 Ðcourts.€€The€Committee€urges€the€State€party€to€ensure€that€no€conflicts€occur€betweenÐ Ñ!!  ÐCommonwealth€and€state€law€in€this€respect.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€toÐ º" ! Ðfollow€the€High€Courtððs€position€concerning€ð ðlegitimate€expectationsðð€arising€from€theÐ £#ó" Ðratification€of€the€Covenant.Ð Œ$Ü# ÐÌ390.à  àThe€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€pursue€its€efforts€in€the€process€ofÐ ^&®!% Ðreconciliation€with€Australiaððs€indigenous€peoples€and€its€efforts€to€improve€their€disadvantagedÐ G'—"& Ðsituation.Ð 0(€#' ÐÐ )i$( Ð391.à  àThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€ensure€that€the€legislative€provisionsÐ ° Ðconcerning€job€security€are€strengthened€and€effectively€implemented,€especially€for€the€mostÐ ™é Ðvulnerable€groups,€such€as€fixed„term€contract€workers,€temporary€workers€and€casual€workers.Ð ‚Ò ÐÌ392.à  àThe€Committee€strongly€recommends€that€the€State€party€undertake€measures€to€protectÐ T¤ ÐÔ_ÔhomeworkersÔ_Ô€and€to€ensure€that€they€receive€the€official€minimum€wage,€that€they€benefit€fromÐ =  Ðadequate€social€security€and€that€they€enjoy€working€conditions€in€conformity€with€theÐ & v Ðlegislation.Ð  _ ÐÌ393.à  àThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€consider€enacting€legislation€on€paidÐ á 1  Ðmaternity€leave€and€ratifying€ILO€Convention€No.€103€(revised€1952)€concerning€maternityÐ Ê   Ðprotection.Ð ³  ÐÌ394.à  àThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€limit€its€prohibitions€on€the€right€toÐ …Õ  Ðstrike€to€essential€services,€in€accordance€with€ILO€Convention€No.€87€(1948)€concerningÐ n¾  Ðfreedom€of€association€and€protection€of€the€right€to€organize,€and,€in€the€context€of€the€civilÐ W§  Ðservice,€to€civil€servants€who€exercise€functions€of€State€authority.Ð @ ÐÌ395.à  àThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€ensure€that€labour€in€private€prisons€isÐ b Ðvoluntarily€undertaken€and€is€properly€remunerated.Ð ûK ÐÌ396.à  àThe€Committee€requests€that€the€State€party€provide,€in€its€fourth€periodic€report,€detailedÐ Í Ðinformation€on€the€work„for„dole€scheme.Ð ¶ ÐÌ397.à  àThe€Committee€calls€upon€the€State€party€to€ensure€that€the€two„year€waiting€period€forÐ ˆØ Ðthe€receipt€of€social€security€assistance€by€new€immigrants€does€not€infringe€upon€their€right€toÐ qÁ Ðan€adequate€standard€of€living.Ð Zª ÐÌ398.à  àThe€Committee€strongly€urges€the€State€party€to€establish€an€official€poverty€line,€so€thatÐ ,| Ða€credible€assessment€can€be€made€of€the€extent€of€poverty€in€Australia.€€The€Committee€requestsÐ e Ðfurther€that€the€State€party€provide€information€on€this€issue€in€its€fourth€periodic€report.Ð þN ÐÌ399.à  àThe€Committee€strongly€recommends€that€the€State€party,€at€the€federal€level,€develop€aÐ Ð!   Ðhousing€strategy€in€keeping€with€the€Committeeððs€General€Comments€No.€4€(1991)€concerningÐ ¹" ! Ðthe€right€to€adequate€housing€(art.€11,€para.€1,€of€the€Covenant)€and€No.€7€(1997)€concerningÐ ¢#ò" Ðforced€evictions,€including€provisions€to€protect€tenants€from€forced€eviction€without€reasonsÐ ‹$Û# Ðand€from€arbitrary€rent€increases.€€In€addition,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€partyÐ t%Ä $ Ðensure€that€all€state€and€territory€governments€establish€appropriate€housing€policies€inÐ ]&­!% Ðaccordance€with€this€strategy.Ð F'–"& ÐÌ400.à  àThe€Committee€calls€upon€the€State€party€to€take€effective€steps€to€ensure€that€humanÐ )h$( Ðrights€education€is€included€in€primary€and€secondary€school€curricula€and€requests€the€StateÐ *Q%) Ðparty€in€its€fourth€periodic€report€to€inform€the€Committee€of€the€measures€taken€in€this€regard.Ð ê*:&* ÐÌ401.à  àThe€Committee€requests€the€State€party€to€provide,€in€its€fourth€periodic€report,Ð ¼, (, Ðadditional,€more€detailed€information,€including€statistical€data€which€is€Ô_ÔdisaggregatedÔ_Ô€accordingÐ ¥-õ(- Ðto€age,€sex€and€minority€groups,€concerning€the€right€to€work,€just€and€favourable€conditions€ofÐ ° Ðwork,€social€security,€housing,€health€and€education.Ð ™é ÐÌ402.à  àFinally,€the€Committee€requests€the€State€party€to€ensure€the€wide€dissemination€inÐ k» ÐAustralia€of€the€present€concluding€observations€and€to€inform€the€Committee€of€measures€takenÐ T¤ Ðto€implement€the€recommendations€contained€herein€in€its€fourth€periodic€report,€to€be€submittedÐ =  Ðby€30€June€2005.Ð & v ÐÌÌÌÌÌ