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RomanSÔ0ÿÿ.Strongò òó ó8dlÿÿ6TypewriterÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡I<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ‡ôôôÔÔS‡Jô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ4ÿÿ2Variableòòóó: ÿÿ8HTML MarkupÔB  ÔÔ ÿ ÔÔ  Ô2 ÿÿ0CommentÔB  Ô ÿÿ35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.<þ6X9`(‹Courier Newô\  `‹&Times New Roman%ä2¼A`‹Arial3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)Li)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à;›&Draw Object <<=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òÔ‡¼äR»XXÔÓ  ÓÑ8€®–XXdìdÈ8ÑBAHRAINÔ#†X®–X»¼äR@#Ôó óÐ ° ÐÓ_ÓÓ  ÓÌò òÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ôó óÐ ° ÐÌò òòòRESERVATIONS€AND€DECLARATIONSóóó óÐ ˆØ Ðòò(Unless€otherwise€indicated,€the€reservations€and€declarations€were€made€upon€ratification,Ð t Ä Ðaccession€or€succession)óóÐ ` ° ÐÌReservation:Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ"1.€The€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€interprets€the€Provisions€of€Article€3,€(18)€and€(23)Ð `  Ðas€not€affecting€in€any€way€the€prescriptions€of€the€Islamic€Ô_ÔShariahÔ_Ô.Ð üL  ÐÌ2.€The€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€interprets€the€provisions€of€Article€(9),€ParagraphÐ Ô$  Ð(5)€as€not€detracting€from€its€right€to€layout€the€basis€and€rules€of€obtaining€the€compensationÐ À  Ðmentioned€in€this€Paragraph.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ3.€The€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€interprets€Article€(14)€Paragraph€(7)€as€no€obligationÐ „Ô Ðarise€from€it€further€those€set€out€in€Article€(10)€of€the€Criminal€Law€of€Bahrain€which€provides:Ð pÀ ÐÌ'Legal€Proceedings€cannot€be€instated€against€a€person€who€has€been€acquitted€by€Foreign€CourtsÐ H˜ Ðfrom€offenses€of€which€he€is€accused€or€a€final€judgement€has€been€delivered€against€him€and€theÐ 4„ Ðsaid€person€fulfilled€the€punishment€or€the€punishment€has€been€abolished€by€prescription.'€"Ð  p ÐÌòòNoteóóÐ øH ÐÌThe€reservation€was€lodged€with€the€Secretary„General€on€4€December€2006€by€Bahrain,€followingÐ Ð  Ðits€accession€to€the€Covenant€on€20€September€2006.Ð ¼  ÐÌIn€keeping€with€the€depositary€practice€followed€in€similar€cases,€the€Secretary„General€proposedÐ ”ä Ðto€receive€the€reservation€in€question€for€deposit€in€the€absence€of€any€objection€on€the€part€of€anyÐ € Ð Ðof€the€Contracting€States,€either€to€the€deposit€itself€or€to€the€procedure€envisaged,€within€a€periodÐ l!¼ Ðof€12€months€from€the€date€of€the€present€depositary€notification.€In€the€absence€of€any€suchÐ X"¨  Ðobjection,€the€above€reservation€would€be€accepted€in€deposit€upon€the€expiration€of€the€above„Ð D#”! Ðstipulated€12€month€period,€that€is€on€28€December€2007.Ð 0$€" ÐÌIn€view€of€the€below€objections,€the€Secretary„General€did€not€accept€the€reservation€made€byÐ &X!$ ÐBahrain€in€deposit.€The€Secretary„General€received€the€following€objections€on€the€dates€indicatedÐ ô&D"% Ðhereinafter:Ð à'0#& ÐÌò òNetherlandsó ó€(27€July€2007):Ð ¸)%( ÐÌ"The€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€has€examined€the€reservations€made€by€theÐ ”+ä&* ÐÔ_<ÔKingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Since€theÐ ° Ðreservations€were€made€after€the€accession€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€Covenant,€theÐ œì ÐGovernment€of€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€considers€that€the€reservations€were€too€late€andÐ ˆØ Ðtherefore€inconsistent€with€article€19€of€the€Vienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties.Ð tÄ ÐÌFurthermore,€the€reservation€with€respect€to€articles€3,€18€and€23€of€the€Covenant€is€a€reservationÐ L œ Ðincompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Covenant.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌThe€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€considers€that€with€this€reservation€theÐ  ` Ðapplication€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€is€made€subject€to€the€IslamicÐ ü L  ÐShariah.€This€makes€it€unclear€to€what€extent€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€considers€itself€bound€by€theÐ è 8  Ðobligations€of€the€Covenant€and€therefore€raises€concerns€as€to€the€commitment€of€the€Kingdom€ofÐ Ô$  ÐBahrain€to€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Covenant.Ð À  ÐÌThe€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€recalls€that,€according€to€customaryÐ ˜è  Ðinternational€law€as€codified€in€the€Vienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties,€a€reservationÐ „Ô  Ðincompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€a€treaty€is€not€permitted.Ð pÀ ÐÌIt€is€in€the€common€interest€of€States€that€treaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€party€areÐ H˜ Ðrespected,€as€to€their€object€and€purpose,€by€all€parties€and€that€States€are€prepared€to€undertake€anyÐ 4„ Ðlegislative€changes€necessary€to€comply€with€their€obligations€under€the€treaties.Ð  p ÐÌThe€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€objects€to€all€of€the€reservations€made€by€theÐ øH ÐKingdom€of€Bahrain€since€they€were€made€after€accession,€and€specifically€objects€to€the€content€ofÐ ä4 Ðthe€reservation€on€articles€3,€18€and€23€made€by€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€InternationalÐ Ð  ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€This€objection€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€theÐ ¼  ÐCovenant€between€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€and€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain."Ð ¨ø ÐÌò òLatvia€ó ó(13€August€2007):Ð €Ð ÐÌ"The€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Latvia€has€noted€that€the€reservation€made€by€the€Kingdom€ofÐ \ ¬ ÐBahrain€is€submitted€to€the€Secretary€General€on€4€December€2006,€but€the€consent€to€be€bound€byÐ H!˜ Ðthe€said€Covenant€by€accession€is€expressed€on€20€September€2006.€In€accordance€with€Article€19Ð 4"„  Ðof€the€Vienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties€reservations€might€be€made€upon€signature,Ð  #p! Ðratification,€acceptance,€approval€or€accession.€Taking€into€considerations€the€aforementioned,€theÐ  $\" ÐGovernment€of€the€Republic€of€Latvia€considers€that€the€said€reservation€is€not€in€force€since€itsÐ ø$H # Ðsubmission."Ð ä%4!$ ÐÌò òPortugaló ó€(29€August€2007):Ð ¼' #& ÐÌ"The€Government€of€the€Portuguese€Republic€has€carefully€examined€the€reservations€made€by€theÐ ˜)è$( ÐGovernment€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€RightsÐ „*Ô%) Ð(ICCPR).€The€Government€of€the€Portuguese€Republic€notes€that€the€reservations€were€made€afterÐ p+À&* Ðthe€accession€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€Covenant€and€is€of€the€view€that€the€practice€of€lateÐ ° Ðreservations€should€be€discouraged.Ð œì ÐÌAccording€to€the€first€part€of€the€reservation,€the€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€interpretsÐ tÄ Ðthe€provisions€of€articles€3,€18€and€23€as€not€affecting€in€any€way€the€prescriptions€of€the€IslamicÐ `° ÐShariah.€These€provisions€deal€namely€with€the€questions€of€equality€between€men€and€women,Ð L œ Ðfreedom€of€thought,€conscience€and€religion€and€the€protection€of€family€and€marriage.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌPortugal€considers€that€these€articles€are€fundamental€provisions€of€the€Covenant€and€the€firstÐ  ` Ðreservation€makes€it€unclear€to€what€extent€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€considers€itself€bound€by€theÐ ü L  Ðobligations€of€the€Covenant,€raises€concerns€as€to€the€commitment€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€theÐ è 8  Ðobject€and€purpose€of€the€Covenant€and,€moreover,€contribute€to€undermining€the€basis€ofÐ Ô$  Ðinternational€law.Ð À  ÐÌIt€is€in€the€common€interest€of€all€States€that€treaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€partiesÐ ˜è  Ðare€respected€as€to€their€object€and€purpose€by€all€parties€and€that€States€are€prepared€to€undertakeÐ „Ô  Ðany€legislative€changes€necessary€to€comply€with€their€obligations€under€these€treaties.Ð pÀ ÐÌThe€Government€of€the€Portuguese€Republic,€therefore,€objects€to€the€above€mentioned€reservationÐ H˜ Ðmade€by€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€ICCPR.Ð 4„ ÐÌThis€objection€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention€between€Portugal€andÐ  \ ÐBahrain."Ð øH ÐÌò òCzech€Republicó ó€(12€September€2007):Ð Ð  ÐÌ"The€Government€of€the€Czech€Republic€has€carefully€examined€the€contents€of€reservation€madeÐ ¬ü Ðby€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€adopted€onÐ ˜è Ð16€December€1966,€in€respect€of€Articles€3,€18€and€23€thereof.€Since€the€reservation€was€made€afterÐ „Ô Ðthe€accession€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€Covenant,€the€Government€of€the€Czech€RepublicÐ pÀ Ðconsiders€that€the€reservation€was€too€late€and€therefore€inconsistent€with€article€19€of€the€ViennaÐ \ ¬ ÐConvention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties.Ð H!˜ ÐÌFurthermore€the€Government€of€the€Czech€Republic€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€aforementionedÐ  #p! Ðreservation€is€in€contradiction€with€the€general€principle€of€treaty€interpretation€according€to€whichÐ  $\" Ða€State€party€to€a€treaty€may€not€invoke€the€provisions€of€its€internal€law€as€justification€for€failureÐ ø$H # Ðto€perform€according€to€the€obligations€set€out€by€the€treaty.€Furthermore,€the€reservation€consistsÐ ä%4!$ Ðof€a€general€reference€to€the€Constitution€without€specifying€its€content€and€as€such€does€not€clearlyÐ Ð& "% Ðdefine€to€other€Parties€to€the€Covenant€the€extent€to€which€the€reserving€State€commits€itself€to€theÐ ¼' #& ÐCovenant.Ð ¨(ø#' ÐÌThe€Government€of€the€Czech€Republic€recalls€that€it€is€in€the€common€interest€of€States€that€treatiesÐ €*Ð%) Ðto€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€party€are€respected,€as€to€their€object€and€purpose,€by€allÐ l+¼&* Ðparties€and€that€States€are€prepared€to€undertake€any€legislative€changes€necessary€to€comply€withÐ ° Ðtheir€obligations€under€the€treaties.€According€to€customary€international€law€as€codified€in€theÐ œì ÐVienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties,€a€reservation€that€is€incompatible€with€the€object€andÐ ˆØ Ðpurpose€of€a€treaty€shall€not€be€permitted.Ð tÄ ÐÌThe€Government€of€the€Czech€Republic€therefore€objects€to€the€aforesaid€reservation€made€by€theÐ L œ ÐKingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€Covenant.€This€objection€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€theÐ 8 ˆ ÐCovenant€between€the€Czech€Republic€and€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain,€without€the€Kingdom€ofÐ $ t ÐBahrain€benefiting€from€its€reservation."Ð  ` ÐÌò òEstoniaó ó€(12€September€2007):Ð è 8  ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Estonia€has€carefully€examined€the€reservations€made€by€the€Kingdom€ofÐ Ä  ÐBahrain€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€Since€the€reservations€wereÐ °  Ðmade€after€the€accession€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€Covenant,€the€Government€of€EstoniaÐ œì  Ðconsiders€that€the€reservations€were€late€and€therefore€inconsistent€with€international€customary€lawÐ ˆØ  Ðas€codified€into€Article€19€of€the€Vienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties.Ð tÄ ÐÌFurthermore,€the€reservations€made€by€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€Articles€3,€18€and€23€of€theÐ Lœ ÐCovenant€make€a€general€reference€to€the€prescriptions€of€the€Islamic€Shariah.€The€Government€ofÐ 8ˆ ÐEstonia€is€of€the€view€that€in€the€absence€of€any€further€clarification,€the€reservation€makes€it€unclearÐ $t Ðto€what€extent€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€considers€itself€bound€by€the€obligations€of€the€ConventionÐ ` Ðand€therefore€raises€concerns€as€to€the€commitment€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€object€andÐ üL Ðpurpose€of€the€Covenant.Ð è8 ÐÌTherefore,€the€Government€of€Estonia€objects€to€all€of€the€reservations€made€by€the€Kingdom€ofÐ À ÐBahrain€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€since€they€were€made€after€theÐ ¬ü Ðaccession,€and€specifically€objects€to€the€content€of€the€reservations€to€Articles€3,€18€and€23.Ð ˜è ÐÌNevertheless,€this€objection€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€the€International€Covenant€onÐ pÀ ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights€as€between€Estonia€and€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain."Ð \ ¬ ÐÌò òCanada€ó ó(18€September€2007):Ð 4"„  ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Canada€has€carefully€examined€the€declaration€made€by€the€Government€of€theÐ $`" ÐKingdom€of€Bahrain€upon€acceding€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€inÐ ü$L # Ðaccordance€with€which€the€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€'interprets€the€Provisions€ofÐ è%8!$ ÐArticle€3,€18€and€23€as€not€affecting€in€any€way€the€prescriptions€of€the€Islamic€Shariah'.Ð Ô&$"% ÐÌThe€Government€of€Canada€notes€that€these€declarations€constitute€in€reality€reservations€and€thatÐ ¬(ü#' Ðthey€should€have€been€lodged€at€the€time€of€accession€by€Bahrain€to€the€Covenant.Ð ˜)è$( ÐÌThe€Government€of€Canada€considers€that€by€making€the€interpretation€of€articles€3,€18€and€23€ofÐ p+À&* Ðthe€Covenant€subject€to€the€prescriptions€of€the€Islamic€Shariah,€the€Government€of€the€KingdomÐ ° Ðof€Bahrain€is€formulating€reservations€with€a€general,€indeterminate€scope,€such€that€they€make€itÐ œì Ðimpossible€to€identify€the€modifications€to€obligations€under€the€Covenant,€which€they€purport€toÐ ˆØ Ðintroduce€and€they€do€not€clearly€define€for€the€other€States€Parties€to€the€Convention€the€extent€toÐ tÄ Ðwhich€the€reserving€State€has€accepted€the€obligations€of€the€Convention.Ð `° ÐÌThe€Government€of€Canada€notes€that€the€reservations€made€by€the€Government€of€the€Kingdom€ofÐ 8 ˆ ÐBahrain,€addressing€some€of€the€most€essential€provisions€of€the€Covenant,€and€aiming€to€excludeÐ $ t Ðthe€obligations€under€those€provisions,€are€in€contradiction€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€theÐ  ` ÐCovenant.€In€addition,€article€18€of€the€Covenant€is€among€the€provisions€from€which€no€derogationÐ ü L  Ðis€allowed,€according€to€article€4€of€the€Covenant.Ð è 8  ÐÌThe€Government€of€Canada€therefore€objects€to€the€aforesaid€reservation€made€by€the€GovernmentÐ À  Ðof€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain.€This€objection€does€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€in€its€entirety€ofÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€Covenant€between€Canada€and€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain."Ð ˜è  ÐÌò òAustraliaó ó€(18€September€2007):Ð pÀ ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Australia€has€examined€the€reservation€made€by€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€theÐ Lœ ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€As€the€reservations€were€made€after€theÐ 8ˆ Ðaccession€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€Covenant,€the€Government€of€Australia€considers€thatÐ $t Ðthe€reservations€were€late€and€therefore€inconsistent€with€article€19€of€the€Vienna€Convention€on€theÐ ` ÐLaw€of€Treaties.Ð üL ÐÌThe€Government€of€Australia€considers€that€the€reservation€with€respect€to€articles€3,€18€and€23€ofÐ Ô$ Ðthe€Covenant€is€a€reservation€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Covenant.€TheÐ À ÐGovernment€of€Australia€recalls€that,€according€to€customary€international€law€as€codified€in€theÐ ¬ü ÐVienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties,€a€reservation€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purposeÐ ˜è Ðof€a€treaty€is€not€permitted.Ð „Ô ÐÌIt€is€in€the€common€interest€of€States€that€treaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€party€areÐ \ ¬ Ðrespected,€as€to€their€object€and€purpose,€by€all€parties€and€that€States€are€prepared€to€undertake€anyÐ H!˜ Ðlegislative€changes€necessary€to€comply€with€their€obligations€under€the€treaties.Ð 4"„  ÐÌThe€Government€of€Australia€considers€that€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€is,€through€this€reservation,Ð  $\" Ðpurporting€to€make€the€application€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€subjectÐ ø$H # Ðto€Islamic€Shariah€law.€As€a€result,€it€is€unclear€to€what€extent€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€considersÐ ä%4!$ Ðitself€bound€by€the€obligations€of€the€Covenant€and€therefore€raises€concerns€as€to€the€commitmentÐ Ð& "% Ðof€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Covenant.Ð ¼' #& ÐÌThe€Government€of€Australia€recalls€the€general€principle€of€treaty€interpretation,€codified€in€theÐ ”)ä$( ÐVienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties,€according€to€which€a€party€may€not€invoke€the€provisionsÐ €*Ð%) Ðof€its€internal€law€as€justification€for€its€failure€to€perform€a€treaty.Ð l+¼&* ЇFurther,€as€regards€the€reservation€with€respect€to€article€18,€the€Government€of€Australia€recalls€thatÐ ° Ðaccording€to€article€4€(2)€of€the€Covenant,€no€derogation€of€article€18€is€permitted.Ð œì ÐÌThe€Government€of€Australia€objects€to€all€of€the€reservations€made€by€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€asÐ tÄ Ðthey€were€made€after€accession,€and€specifically€objects€to€the€content€of€the€reservation€on€articleÐ `° Ð3,€18€and€23€made€by€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€PoliticalÐ L œ ÐRights.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌThis€objection€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant€between€Australia€and€theÐ  ` ÐKingdom€of€Bahrain."Ð ü L  ÐÌò òIrelandó ó€(27€September€2007):Ð Ô$  ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Ireland€has€examined€the€reservations€made€on€4€December€2006€by€theÐ °  ÐGovernment€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.Ð œì  ÐÌThe€Government€of€Ireland€notes€that€the€reservation€was€not€made€by€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€atÐ tÄ Ðthe€time€of€its€accession€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€on€20€SeptemberÐ `° Ð2006.Ð Lœ ÐÌThe€Government€of€Ireland€further€notes€that€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€subjects€application€ofÐ $t ÐArticles€3,€18€and€23€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€to€the€prescriptionsÐ ` Ðof€the€Islamic€Shariah.€The€Government€of€Ireland€is€of€the€view€that€a€reservation€which€consistsÐ üL Ðof€a€general€reference€to€religious€law€may€cast€doubts€on€the€commitment€of€the€reserving€State€toÐ è8 Ðfulfil€its€obligations€under€the€Covenant.€The€Government€of€Ireland€is€furthermore€of€the€view€thatÐ Ô$ Ðsuch€a€general€reservation€may€undermine€the€basis€of€international€treaty€law€and€is€incompatibleÐ À Ðwith€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Covenant.Ð ¬ü ÐÌThe€Government€of€Ireland€also€notes€that€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€does€not€consider€that€ArticleÐ „Ô Ð9€(5)€detracts€from€its€right€to€layout€the€basis€and€rules€of€obtaining€the€compensation€mentionedÐ pÀ Ðtherein.€The€Government€of€Ireland€is€of€the€view€that€a€reservation€which€is€vague€and€general€inÐ \ ¬ Ðnature€as€to€the€basis€and€rules€referred€to€may€similarly€make€it€unclear€to€what€extent€the€reservingÐ H!˜ ÐState€considers€itself€bound€by€the€obligations€of€the€Covenant€and€cast€doubts€on€the€commitmentÐ 4"„  Ðof€the€reserving€State€to€fulfil€its€obligations€under€the€Covenant.Ð  #p! ÐÌThe€Government€of€Ireland€further€notes€that€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€considers€that€no€obligationÐ ø$H # Ðarises€from€Article€14€(7)€beyond€those€contained€in€Article€10€of€its€national€Criminal€Law.€TheÐ ä%4!$ ÐGovernment€of€Ireland€is€of€the€view€that€such€a€reservation€may€cast€doubts€on€the€commitment€ofÐ Ð& "% Ðthe€reserving€State€to€fulfil€its€obligations€under€the€Covenant€and€may€undermine€the€basis€ofÐ ¼' #& Ðinternational€treaty€law.Ð ¨(ø#' ÐÌThe€Government€of€Ireland€therefore€objects€to€the€aforesaid€reservations€made€by€the€GovernmentÐ €*Ð%) Ðof€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.Ð l+¼&* ЇThis€objection€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant€between€Ireland€and€theÐ ° ÐKingdom€of€Bahrain."Ð œì ÐÌò òItalyó ó€(1€November€2007):Ð tÄ ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Italy€has€examined€the€reservation€made€by€the€Government€of€the€KingdomÐ P   Ðof€Bahrain€to€Articles€3,€18€and€23€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.Ð < Œ ÐÌThe€Government€of€Italy€considers€that€the€reservation€of€the€Government€of€the€Kingdom€ofÐ  d ÐBahrain,€whereby€it€excludes€any€interpretation€of€the€provisions€of€Articles€3,€18€and€23,€whichÐ  P  Ðwould€affect€the€prescription€of€the€Islamic€Shariah,€does€not€clearly€define€the€extent€to€which€theÐ ì <  Ðreserving€State€has€accepted€the€obligation€under€these€Articles.Ð Ø(  ÐÌThis€reservation€raises€serious€doubts€about€the€real€extent€of€the€commitment€undertaken€by€theÐ °  ÐGovernment€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€and€is€capable€of€contravening€the€object€and€purpose€ofÐ œì  Ðthe€Covenant.Ð ˆØ  ÐÌThe€Government€of€Italy€therefore€objects€to€the€above„mentioned€reservation€made€by€theÐ `° ÐGovernment€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain.€This€objection,€however,€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€intoÐ Lœ Ðforce€of€the€Covenant€between€the€Government€of€Italy€and€the€Government€of€the€Kingdom€ofÐ 8ˆ ÐBahrain."Ð $t ÐÌò òPolandó ó€(3€December€2007)Ð üL ÐÌð ðThe€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Poland€has€examined€the€reservations€made€by€the€KingdomÐ Ø( Ðof€Bahrain€after€its€accession€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€opened€forÐ Ä Ðsignature€at€New€York€on€19€December€1966,€hereinafter€called€the€Covenant,€in€respect€of€articleÐ ° Ð3,€article€9€paragraph€5,€article€14€paragraph€7,€article€18€and€article€23.Ð œì ÐÌThe€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Poland€considers€that€the€reservations€made€by€the€Kingdom€ofÐ tÄ ÐBahrain€are€so€called€late€reservations,€since€they€were€made€after€the€date€of€accession€of€theÐ ` ° ÐKingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€Covenant.€Therefore€the€reservations€are€inconsistent€with€article€19€ofÐ L!œ Ðthe€Vienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties,€which€provides€for€the€possibility€of€formulation€ofÐ 8"ˆ  Ðreservations€only€when€signing,€ratifying,€accepting,€approving€or€acceding€to€a€treaty.Ð $#t! ÐÌFurthermore,€the€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Poland€considers€that€as€a€result€of€reservationsÐ ü$L # Ðwith€respect€to€articles€3,€18€and€23€of€the€Covenant,€the€implementation€of€provisions€of€theseÐ è%8!$ Ðarticles€by€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€is€made€subject€to€the€prescriptions€of€the€Islamic€Shariah,€withÐ Ô&$"% Ðthe€result€that€the€extent€to€which€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€has€accepted€the€obligations€of€the€saidÐ À'#& Ðarticles€of€the€Covenant€is€not€defined€precisely€enough€for€the€other€State€Parties.€The€Republic€ofÐ ¬(ü#' ÐPoland€considers€that€these€reservations€lead€to€differentiation€in€enjoyment€of€the€rights€warrantedÐ ˜)è$( Ðin€the€Covenant,€which€is€incompatible€with€the€purpose€and€object€of€the€Covenant€and€thereforeÐ „*Ô%) Ðnot€permitted€(article€19€c)€of€the€Vienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties).Ð p+À&* ЇThe€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Poland€therefore€objects€to€the€reservations€made€by€theÐ ° ÐKingdom€of€Bahrain.Ð œì ÐÌHowever€this€objection€does€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant€between€the€RepublicÐ tÄ Ðof€Poland€and€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain.ððÐ `° ÐÌò òSweden€ó ó(3€December€2007)Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌð ðThe€Government€of€Sweden€notes€that€the€reservations€made€by€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€wereÐ  d Ðmade€after€its€accession€to€the€Covenant.€Since€these€reservations€were€formulated€late€they€are€toÐ  P  Ðbe€considered€inconsistent€with€the€general€principle€of€pacta€sunt€servanda€as€well€as€customaryÐ ì <  Ðinternational€law€as€codified€in€the€Vienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties.Ð Ø(  ÐÌFurthermore€the€Government€of€Sweden€notes€that€the€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€hasÐ °  Ðmade€a€reservation€with€respect€to€articles€3,€18€and€23€giving€precedence€to€the€provisions€ofÐ œì  ÐIslamic€Shariah€and€national€legislation€over€the€application€of€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant.€ThisÐ ˆØ  Ðreservation€does€not,€in€the€opinion€of€the€Government€of€Sweden,€clearly€specify€the€extent€of€theÐ tÄ Ðderogation€by€the€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€from€the€provisions€in€question€and€raisesÐ `° Ðserious€doubts€as€to€the€commitment€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€object€and€purpose€of€theÐ Lœ ÐCovenant.Ð 8ˆ ÐÌThe€Government€of€Sweden€would€like€to€recall€that,€according€to€customary€international€law€asÐ ` Ðcodified€in€the€Vienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties,€reservations€incompatible€with€the€objectÐ üL Ðand€purpose€of€a€treaty€shall€not€be€permitted.€It€is€in€the€common€interest€of€States€that€treaties,€toÐ è8 Ðwhich€they€have€chosen€to€become€a€party,€are€respected,€as€to€their€object€and€purpose,€by€all€partiesÐ Ô$ Ðand€that€States€are€prepared€to€undertake€any€legislative€changes€necessary€to€comply€with€theirÐ À Ðobligations€under€the€treaties.Ð ¬ü ÐÌThe€Government€of€Sweden€therefore€objects€to€all€of€the€reservations€made€by€the€Government€ofÐ „Ô Ðthe€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€as€they€wereÐ pÀ Ðmade€after€accession,€and€specifically€objects€to€the€content€of€the€reservations€on€articles€3,€18€andÐ \ ¬ Ð23€made€by€the€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€Covenant,€and€considers€them€nullÐ H!˜ Ðand€void.Ð 4"„  ÐÌThis€objection€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant€[in]€its€entirety€between€theÐ  $\" ÐKingdom€of€Bahrain€and€Sweden,€without€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€benefiting€from€its€reservations.ððÐ ø$H # ÐÌò òHungaryó ó€(4€December€2007)Ð Ð& "% ÐÌð ðThe€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Hungary€has€carefully€examined€the€contents€of€the€reservationÐ ¬(ü#' Ðmade€by€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,Ð ˜)è$( Ðadopted€on€16€December€1966,€in€respect€of€Articles€3,€18€and€23€thereof.€Since€the€reservation€wasÐ „*Ô%) Ðmade€after€the€accession€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€Covenant,€the€Government€of€theÐ p+À&* ÐRepublic€of€Hungary€considers€that€the€reservation€was€too€late€and€therefore€inconsistent€withÐ ° Ðarticle€19€of€the€Vienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties.Ð œì ÐÌFurthermore€the€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Hungary€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€aforementionedÐ tÄ Ðreservation€is€in€contradiction€with€the€general€principle€of€treaty€interpretation€according€to€whichÐ `° Ða€State€party€to€a€treaty€may€not€invoke€the€provisions€of€its€internal€law€as€justification€for€failureÐ L œ Ðto€perform€according€to€the€obligations€set€out€by€the€treaty.€Furthermore,€the€reservation€consistsÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€a€general€reference€to€the€Constitution€without€specifying€its€content€and€as€such€does€not€clearlyÐ $ t Ðdefine€to€other€Parties€to€the€Covenant€the€extent€to€which€the€reserving€State€commits€itself€to€theÐ  ` ÐCovenant.Ð ü L  ÐÌThe€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Hungary€recalls€that€it€is€in€the€common€interest€of€States€thatÐ Ô$  Ðtreaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€party€are€respected,€as€to€their€object€and€purpose,€byÐ À  Ðall€parties€and€that€States€are€prepared€to€undertake€any€legislative€changes€necessary€to€comply€withÐ ¬ü  Ðtheir€obligations€under€the€treaties.€According€to€customary€international€law€as€codified€in€theÐ ˜è  ÐVienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties,€a€reservation€that€is€incompatible€with€the€object€andÐ „Ô  Ðpurpose€of€a€treaty€shall€not€be€permitted.Ð pÀ ÐÌThe€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Hungary€therefore€objects€to€the€aforesaid€reservation€made€byÐ H˜ Ðthe€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€Covenant.€This€objection€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€ofÐ 4„ Ðthe€Covenant€between€the€Republic€of€Hungary€and€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain.ððÐ  p ÐÌò òMexicoó ó€(13€December€2007)Ð øH ÐÌThe€Permanent€Mission€of€Mexico€to€the€United€Nations€presents€its€compliments€to€the€TreatyÐ Ô$ ÐSection€of€the€Office€of€Legal€Affairs€and€has€the€honour€to€refer€to€the€accession€of€the€KingdomÐ À Ðof€Bahrain€to€the€1966€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€on€20€December€2006Ð ¬ü Ðand€to€the€reservations€that€it€made€to€various€provisions,€including€articles€3,€18€and€23.Ð ˜è ÐÌIn€that€regard,€the€Permanent€Mission€of€Mexico€would€like€to€state€that€the€Government€of€MexicoÐ pÀ Ðhas€studied€the€content€of€Bahrainððs€reservation€and€is€of€the€view€that€it€should€be€consideredÐ \ ¬ Ðinvalid€because€it€is€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Covenant.Ð H!˜ ÐÌThe€reserve€formulated,€if€applied,€would€have€the€unavoidable€result€of€making€implementation€ofÐ  #p! Ðthe€articles€mentioned€subject€to€the€provisions€of€Islamic€Shariah,€which€would€constituteÐ  $\" Ðdiscrimination€in€the€enjoyment€and€exercise€of€the€rights€enshrined€in€the€Covenant;€this€is€contraryÐ ø$H # Ðto€all€the€articles€of€this€international€instrument.€The€principles€of€the€equality€of€men€and€womenÐ ä%4!$ Ðand€non„discrimination€are€enshrined€in€the€preamble€and€article€2,€paragraph€1€of€the€Covenant€andÐ Ð& "% Ðin€the€preamble€and€Article€1,€paragraph€3€of€the€Charter€of€the€United€Nations.Ð ¼' #& ÐÌThe€objection€of€the€Government€of€Mexico€to€the€reservation€in€question€should€not€be€interpretedÐ ”)ä$( Ðas€an€impediment€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant€between€Mexico€and€the€Kingdom€ofÐ €*Ð%) ÐÔ_<<ÔBahrain.Ð l+¼&* Їò òSlovakiaó ó€(18€December€2007):Ð ° ÐÌð ðThe€Government€of€Slovakia€has€carefully€examined€the€content€of€the€reservations€made€by€theÐ ŒÜ ÐKingdom€of€Bahrain€upon€its€accession€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.Ð xÈ ÐÌThe€Government€of€Slovakia€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€reservation€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain,Ð P   Ðwhereby€it€excludes€any€interpretation€of€the€provisions€of€Articles€3,€18€and€23,€which€would€affectÐ < Œ Ðthe€prescription€of€the€Islamic€Ô_<<ÔShariahÔ_<<Ô,€does€not€clearly€define€the€extent€to€which€the€reserving€StateÐ ( x Ðhas€accepted€the€obligation€under€these€Articles.€This€reservation€is€too€general€and€raises€seriousÐ  d Ðdoubts€as€to€the€commitment€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€to€the€object€and€the€purpose€of€theÐ  P  ÐCovenant.Ð ì <  ÐÌFor€these€reasons,€the€Government€of€Slovakia€objects€to€the€above€mentioned€reservations€madeÐ Ä  Ðby€the€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€upon€its€accession€to€the€International€Covenant€onÐ °  ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights.Ð œì  ÐÌThis€objection€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant€between€Slovakia€and€theÐ tÄ ÐKingdom€of€Bahrain.€The€Covenant€enters€into€force€in€its€entirety€between€Slovakia€and€theÐ `° ÐKingdom€of€Bahrain€without€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€benefiting€from€its€reservations.ððÐ Lœ ÐÌò òUnited€Kingdom€of€Great€Britain€and€Northern€Irelandó ó€(27€December€2007):Ð $t ÐÌð ðThe€United€Kingdom€objects€to€Bahrainððs€reservations€as€they€were€made€after€the€date€ofÐ P ÐBahrainððs€accession€to€the€Covenant.Ð ì< ÐÌThe€United€Kingdom€further€objects€to€the€substance€of€Bahrainððs€first€reservation,€to€Articles€3,€18Ð Ä Ðand€23.€In€the€view€of€the€United€Kingdom€a€reservation€should€clearly€define€for€the€other€StatesÐ ° ÐParties€to€the€Covenant€the€extent€to€which€the€reserving€State€has€accepted€the€obligations€of€theÐ œì ÐCovenant.€A€reservation€which€consists€of€a€general€reference€to€a€system€of€law€without€specifyingÐ ˆØ Ðits€contents€does€not€do€so.Ð tÄ ÐÌThese€objections€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Covenant€between€the€UnitedÐ L!œ ÐKingdom€of€Great€Britain€and€Northern€Ireland€and€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain.€However€on€accountÐ 8"ˆ  Ðof€their€lateness€the€reservations€shall€have€no€effect€as€between€Bahrain€and€the€United€Kingdom.ððÐ $#t! Ðòò(Note€15,€Chapter€IV.4,€Multilateralóó€òòTreaties€Deposited€with€the€Secretary„General)óóÐ $`" ÐÌÌò òòòOBJECTIONS€MADE€TO€STATE€PARTYððS€RESERVATIONS€AND€DECLARATIONSó óóóÐ Ô&$"% ÐÌòò[Ed.€Note:€see€note€15€under€Reservations€and€Declarations,€above]óó.Ð ¬(ü#' ÐÌÌÐ p+À&* ЇÌò òòòDEROGATIONS:€NOTIFICATIONS€UNDER€ARTICLE€4€(3)€OF€THE€COVENANTóóó óÐ œì ÐÌÔ_=<Ô12€May€2011Ð tÄ ÐÌ"...€His€Majesty€King€Ô_==ÔHamadÔ_==Ô€bin€Issa€Al€Ô_==ÔKhalifaÔ_==Ô,€King€of€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain,€issued€a€RoyalÐ L œ ÐDecree€39€for€the€year€2011€on€08€May€2011,€lifting€the€State€of€National€Safety,€effective€01€JuneÐ 8 ˆ Ð2011."Ð $ t ÐÌÓ  Ó*****Ð ü L  ÐÓʼnÓÌ28€April€2011Ð Ô$  ÐÌBy€Royal€Decree€No.€18€of€2011,€the€Kingdom€of€Bahrain€declared€a€State€of€National€Safety€on€15Ð ¬ü  ÐMarch€2011,€for€a€period€of€three€months€in€order€to€address€and€overcome€the€threat€to€the€security,Ð ˜è  Ðeconomy€and€society€of€Bahrain€and€its€people.€Bahrain€invoked€its€right€under€article€4€of€theÐ „Ô  ÐCovenant€to€take€measures€derogating€from€Articles€9,€12,€13,€17,€21€and€22€of€the€Covenant.Ð pÀ ÐÌÓ  Ó*****Ð H˜ ÐÓô‹ÓÌ13€June€2011Ð  p ÐÌÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==Ô...byÔ_==Ô€Royal€Decree€No.€39€of€2011,€the€State€of€National€Safety,€declared€by€Royal€Decree€No.€18Ð øH Ðof€2011,€was€lifted€with€effect€from€1€June€2011,€and€that€accordingly€the€derogations€from€theÐ ä4 ÐCovenant€terminated€from€the€same€date.Ð Ð  ÐÌÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==ÔÔ_==Ô