ÿWPCM ›2„ÿ=Ë’6;õy(#d‚k‰cžÐmñÀkMËÓu‚eî…q¡—iy•Tq#Mx Êô\iétÜì*¥ì‰–ÿ×"·¥uµqfH‰‰X°ºAžùG}$á…ä ÇÂlî„™†4ñLÁ!÷Ÿd”_çuâÖØaAs–8†»l3nÔcØKî°ïŸ´¼2øÓû•xZq$¢ðaJà'ÙBW‰~¹fŽ}¦ŠÑo}À´%Ëúçï:ÍìA‡ °$DâÖŸvLB÷?ž ¹gÚëïX 8hó¤Ú&Mz‰˜a³W¼µÿ-MÝ@?˜(vb>º±ßw¶âEþÿãØ†‹L§M"Œxn¦6;Ðfäóm6Ni÷©)´›ª÷¦DPœ‘ž2áC(ouécvH¥àvƨ¿-T+»$Ç$ö“K3%D›dáÀ9BR´i=i;1Õ+©Ö§}?¶I²a1w&¡wË”îãÑ!ê ÜB4d«g7«9hÆn‰&QÍ¡üJ”ì¿¡4‰$€. hªiØ,И£Òƒæg ¦¥5åC³N¡òYœÛþk¶cÛRŽ<Ã’¯Ü?×£0n+çÚS~¡°>> #ɨUNq %¿ 0:Å^ ÿw 4#2 m4NK˜HP PSC 2350 seriesTŽ––––TŽ0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,ÔÍa6‡ óŽL5rtyBarÄë¢3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òÔ‡¼mh»XXÔÔUSUK.,ÔÓ  ÓÑ8€/ìXXdìdÈ8ÑBELGIUMÔ#†X/ìX»¼mh@#ÔÔUK.,US.,_ÔÔUSUK.,ÔÐ ° ÐÓqÓÌCCPRÐ ° Ðó óÔUK.,US.,ùÔÌò òòòRESERVATIONS€AND€DECLARATIONSóóó óÐ ˆØ ÐòòÓ  Ó(Unless€otherwise€indicated,€the€reservations€and€declarations€were€made€upon€ratification,Ð t Ä Ðaccession€or€succession)óóÔUSUK.,Ôò òó óÐ ` ° ÐÓ©ÓÓ  ÓÌReservations:Ð 8 ˆ Ð...Ð $ t  Ð2.€The€Belgian€Government€considers€that€the€provision€of€article€10,€paragraph€2€(a),€under€whichÐ `  Ðaccused€persons€shall,€save€in€exceptional€circumstances,€be€segregated€from€convicted€persons€isÐ üL  Ðto€be€interpreted€in€conformity€with€the€principle,€already€embodied€in€the€standard€minimum€rulesÐ è8  Ðfor€the€treatment€of€prisoners€[resolution€(73)€5€of€the€Committee€of€Ministers€of€the€Council€ofÐ Ô$  ÐEurope€of€19€January€1973],€that€untried€prisoners€shall€not€be€put€in€contact€with€convictedÐ À  Ðprisoners€against€their€will€[rules€7€(b)€and€85€(1)].€If€they€so€request,€accused€persons€may€beÐ ¬ü  Ðallowed€to€take€part€with€convicted€persons€in€certain€communal€activities.Ð ˜è ÐÌ3.€The€Belgian€Government€considers€that€the€provisions€of€article€10,€paragraph€3,€under€whichÐ pÀ Ðjuvenile€offenders€shall€be€segregated€from€adults€and€be€accorded€treatment€appropriate€to€their€ageÐ \¬ Ðand€legal€status€refers€exclusively€to€the€judicial€measures€provided€for€under€the€rgime€for€theÐ H˜ Ðprotection€of€minors€established€by€the€Belgian€Act€relating€to€the€protection€of€young€persons.€AsÐ 4„ Ðregards€other€juvenile€ordinary-law€of-€fenders,€the€Belgian€Government€intends€to€reserve€the€optionÐ  p Ðto€adopt€measures€that€may€be€more€flexible€and€be€designed€precisely€in€the€interest€of€the€personsÐ  \ Ðconcerned.Ð øH ÐÌ4.€With€respect€to€article€14,€the€Belgian€Government€considers€that€the€last€part€of€paragraph€1€ofÐ Ð  Ðthe€article€appears€to€give€States€the€option€of€providing€or€not€providing€for€certain€derogationsÐ ¼  Ðfrom€the€principle€that€judgements€shall€be€made€public.€Accordingly,€the€Belgian€constitutionalÐ ¨ø Ðprinciple€that€there€shall€be€no€exceptions€to€the€public€pronouncements€of€judgements€is€inÐ ”ä Ðconformity€with€that€provision.€Paragraph€5€of€the€article€shall€not€apply€to€persons€who,€underÐ € Ð ÐBelgian€law,€are€convicted€and€sentenced€at€second€instance€following€an€appeal€against€theirÐ l!¼ Ðacquittal€of€first€instance€or€who,€under€Belgian€law,€are€brought€directly€before€a€higher€tribunalÐ X"¨  Ðsuch€as€the€Court€of€Cassation,€the€Appeals€Court€or€the€Assize€Court.Ð D#”! ÐÌ5.€Articles€19,€21€and€22€shall€be€applied€by€the€Belgian€Government€in€the€context€of€the€provisionsÐ %l # Ðand€restrictions€set€forth€or€authorized€in€articles€10€and€11€of€the€Convention€for€the€Protection€ofÐ &X!$ ÐHuman€Rights€and€Fundamental€Freedoms€of€4€November€1950,€by€the€said€Convention.Ð ô&D"% ÐÌDeclarations:Ð Ì($' ÐÌ6.€The€Belgian€Government€declares€that€it€does€not€consider€itself€obligated€to€enact€legislation€inÐ ¤*ô%) Ðthe€field€covered€by€article€20,€paragraph€1,€and€that€article€20€as€a€whole€shall€be€applied€taking€Ô_ÔintoÐ +à&* Ðaccount€the€rights€to€freedom€of€thought€and€religion,€freedom€of€opinion€and€freedom€of€assemblyÐ ° Ðand€association€proclaimed€in€articles€18,€19€and€20€of€the€Universal€Declaration€of€Human€RightsÐ œì Ðand€reaffirmed€in€articles€18,€19,€21€and€22€of€the€Covenant.Ð ˆØ ÐÌ7.€The€Belgian€Government€declares€that€it€interprets€article€23,€paragraph€2,€as€meaning€that€theÐ `° Ðright€of€persons€of€marriageable€age€to€marry€and€to€found€a€family€presupposes€not€only€thatÐ L œ Ðnational€law€shall€prescribe€the€marriageable€age€but€that€it€may€also€regulate€the€exercise€of€thatÐ 8 ˆ Ðright.Ð $ t ÐÓ}ÓÌòòÓ  ÓNoteóóÐ ü L  ÐÌIn€a€notification€received€on€14€September€1998,€the€Government€of€Belgium€informed€theÐ Ô$  ÐSecretary„General€that€it€had€decided€to€withdraw€its€reservation€with€regard€to€articles€2,€3€and€25Ð À  Ðmade€upon€ratification.€For€the€text€of€the€reservation,€see€United€Nations,€Treaty€Series,€vol.€1312,Ð ¬ü  Ðp.€328.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà0  à[òòEd.€note:€as€followsóó:ÐpÀ(#(# ÐÌòòà0  à1.€With€respect€to€articles€2,€3€and€25,€the€Belgian€Government€makes€a€reservation,€in€thatÐ H˜ Ðunder€the€Belgian€Constitution€the€royal€powers€may€be€exercised€only€by€males.€WithÐ 4„ Ðrespect€to€the€exercise€of€the€functions€of€the€regency,€the€said€articles€shall€not€preclude€theÐ  p Ðapplication€of€the€constitutional€rules€as€interpreted€by€the€Belgian€State.óó]Ð \(#(# ÐòòÔUK.,US.,@Ô(Note€Ô_Ô20,Ô_Ô€Chapter€IV.4,€Multilateralóó€òòTreaties€Deposited€with€the€Secretary„General)óóÔUSUK.,ÔÐ øH ÐÌÓÁÓÌò òòòÓ  ÓOBJECTIONS€MADE€TO€OTHER€STATES€PARTIES€RESERVATIONS€ANDÐ ¼  ÐDECLARATIONSÐ ¨ø Ðóóó óòòÔUK.,US.,Ô(Ed.€Note:€for€the€text€targeted€by€the€following€objections,€see€the€Reservations€and€DeclarationsÐ ”ä Ðof€the€State€which€is€the€subject€of€the€objection)Ð €Ð ÐóóÓVÓÔUSUK.,ÔÌÓ  Ó6€November€1984Ð X ¨ ÐÌ[The€Belgian€Government]€wishes€to€observe€that€the€sphere€of€application€of€article€11€isÐ 0"€  Ðparticularly€restricted.€In€fact,€article€11€prohibits€imprisonment€only€when€there€is€no€reason€forÐ #l! Ðresorting€to€it€other€than€the€fact€that€the€debtor€is€unable€to€fulfil€a€contractual€obligation.Ð $X" ÐImprisonment€is€not€incompatible€with€article€11€when€there€are€other€reasons€for€imposing€thisÐ ô$D # Ðpenalty,€for€example€when€the€debtor,€by€acting€in€bad€faith€or€through€fraudulent€Ô_ÔmanoeuvresÔ_Ô,€hasÐ à%0!$ Ðplaced€himself€in€the€position€of€being€unable€to€fulfil€his€obligations.€This€interpretation€of€articleÐ Ì&"% Ð11€can€be€confirmed€by€reference€to€the€Ô_ÔtravauxÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔprparatoiresÔ_Ôûÿÿÿdû€(see€document€A-2929€of€1€July€1955).üÿÿÿdüÐ ¸'#& ÐÌAfter€studying€the€explanations€provided€by€the€Congo€concerning€its€reservation,€[the€BelgianÐ )à$( ÐGovernment]€has€provisionally€concluded€that€this€reservation€is€unnecessary.€It€is€its€understandingÐ |*Ì%) Ðthat€the€Congolese€legislation€authorizes€imprisonment€for€debt€when€other€means€of€enforcementÐ h+¸&* ÐÔ_Ôhave€failed€when€the€amount€due€exceeds€20,000€CFA€francs€and€when€the€debtor,€between€18€andÐ ° Ð60€years€of€age,€makes€himself€insolvent€in€bad€faith.€The€latter€condition€is€sufficient€to€show€thatÐ œì Ðthere€is€no€contradiction€between€the€Congolese€legislation€and€the€letter€and€the€spirit€of€article€11Ð ˆØ Ðof€the€Covenant.Ð tÄ ÐÌBy€virtue€of€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€aforementioned€Covenant,€article€11€is€excluded€from€theÐ L œ Ðsphere€of€application€of€the€rule€which€states€that€in€the€event€of€an€exceptional€public€emergency,Ð 8 ˆ Ðthe€States€Parties€to€the€Covenant€may,€in€certain€conditions,€take€measures€derogating€from€theirÐ $ t Ðobligations€under€the€Covenant.€Article€11€is€one€of€the€articles€containing€a€provision€from€whichÐ  ` Ðno€derogation€is€permitted€in€any€circumstances.€Any€reservation€concerning€that€article€wouldÐ ü L  Ðdestroy€its€effects€and€would€therefore€be€in€contradiction€with€the€letter€and€the€spirit€of€theÐ è 8  ÐCovenant.Ð Ô$  ÐÓÙÓÌÓ  ÓConsequently,€and€without€prejudice€to€its€firm€belief€that€Congolese€law€is€in€complete€conformityÐ ¬ü  Ðwith€the€provisions€of€article€11€of€the€Covenant,€[the€Belgian€Government]€fears€that€the€reservationÐ ˜è  Ðmade€by€the€Congo€may,€by€reason€of€its€very€principle,€constitute€a€precedent€which€might€haveÐ „Ô  Ðconsiderable€effects€at€the€international€level.Ð pÀ ÐÌ[The€Belgian€Government]€therefore€hopes€that€this€reservation€will€be€withdrawn€and,€as€aÐ H˜ Ðprecautionary€measure,€wishes€to€raise€an€objection€to€that€reservation.Ð 4„ ÐÌÓ®!ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð  \ ÐÓD$ÓÓ"ÓÌ5€October€1993Ð ä4 ÐÌThe€Government€of€Belgium€wishes€to€raise€an€objection€to€the€reservation€made€by€the€UnitedÐ ¼  ÐStates€of€America€regarding€article€6,€paragraph€5,€of€the€Covenant,€which€prohibits€the€impositionÐ ¨ø Ðof€the€sentence€of€death€for€crimes€committed€by€persons€below€18€years€of€age.Ð ”ä ÐÌThe€Government€of€Belgium€considers€the€reservation€to€be€incompatible€with€the€provisions€andÐ l¼ Ðintent€of€article€6€of€the€Covenant€which,€as€is€made€clear€by€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Covenant,Ð X ¨ Ðestablishes€minimum€measures€to€protect€the€right€to€life.Ð D!” ÐÌThe€expression€of€this€objection€does€not€constitute€an€obstacle€to€the€entry€into€force€of€theÐ #l! ÐCovenant€between€Belgium€and€the€United€States€of€America.ûÿÿdûÐ $X" ÐüÿÿdüÌÌò òòòDECLARATION€RE:€ARTICLE€41óóó óÐ Ì&"% ÐÌ5€March€1987Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌThe€Kingdom€of€Belgium€declares€that€it€recognizes€the€competence€of€the€Human€RightsÐ |*Ì%) ÐCommittee€under€article€41€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Ô_ÔRights.Ð h+¸&* ЇÌ18€June€1987Ð œì ÐÌThe€Kingdom€of€Belgium€declares,€under€article€41€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€andÐ tÄ ÐPolitical€Rights,€that€it€recognizes€the€competence€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€established€underÐ `° Ðarticle€28€of€the€Covenant€to€receive€and€consider€communications€submitted€by€another€State€Party,Ð L œ Ðprovided€that€such€State€Party€has,€not€less€than€twelve€months€prior€to€the€submission€by€it€of€aÐ 8 ˆ Ðcommunication€relating€to€Belgium,€made€a€declaration€under€article€41€recognizing€the€competenceÐ $ t Ðof€the€Committee€to€receive€and€consider€communications€relating€to€itself.Ð  ` ÐÓz$ÓÌÔUK.,US.,ÆÔ