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D/_. 0. 06\/ 0/ 0:0 0^0 0<21 1en1U>1U*222 1u;2 722^ 2w24233 m3N.3\\YORK_UNIVERSITY\q_hrts_hp4000tnV,,,,V0(@ Z6Times New Roman RegularX(\$CEUS.,*+ (_2623  ..*G+G (_25   /%` ` hp x /23  ../%` ` hp x /   *8+8 (_24  ," hp x ,23  ..," hp x ,  *5+5 (_23 ` ) hp x )23  ..) hp x ) ` *2+2 (_22  &hhp x &23  ..&hhp x &  */+/ (_21  #p x #23  ..#p x #  *,+, (_20 h  p x 23  .. p x h *)+) (_19  pp x 23  ..pp x   *&+& (_18   x 23  .. x   *AA (_17  5+ ` hp x 523  Ԁ5+ ` hp x 5  *GG (_16   /%` ` hp x /23  Ԁ/%` ` hp x /   *88 (_15  ," hp x ,23  Ԁ," hp x ,  *55 (_14 ` ) hp x )23  Ԁ) hp x ) ` *22 (_13  &hhp x &23  Ԁ&hhp x &  *// (_12  #p x #23  Ԁ#p x #  *,, (_11 h  p x 23  Ԁ p x h *)) (_10  pp x 23  Ԁpp x   (&& &_9   x 23  Ԁ x   (AA &_8  5+ ` hp x 523  5+ ` hp x 5  (GG &_7   /%` ` hp x /23  /%` ` hp x /   (88 &_6  ," hp x ,23  ," hp x ,  (55 &_5 ` ) hp x )23  ) hp x ) ` (22 &_4  &hhp x &23  &hhp x &  (// &_3  #p x #23  #p x #  (,, &_2 h  p x 23   p x h ()) &_1  pp x 23  pp x   &&& $_   x 23   x   0AA.Normal  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  <AA:Definition T  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  <AA:Definition L , 5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 586Definition(hh&H1  5+ ` hp x 5      5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H2  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H3  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H4  5+ ` hp x 5 XXX 5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H5  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H6  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  2DD0Address  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  8MM6Blockquote , , 5+ ` hp x 5   5+ ` hp x 5,*CITE,dl*CODEK8<6X9`(Courier NewKSA\  `&Times New RomanS42Emphasis64Hyperlink    <:FollowedHype    4go2Keyboard K8<6X9`(Courier NewKSA\  `&Times New RomanS <:Preformatted  /%  ,Kk %#/K8<6X9`(Courier NewKSA\  `&Times New RomanS/%  ,Kk %#/  <:zBottom of 75(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?B%2A`Arial?  SA\  `&Times New RomanS76(X75+ ` hp x 5  &  d d4)1dxd'dxd<:zTop of For79(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?B%2A`Arial?  SA\  `&Times New RomanS76(X75+ ` hp x 5  <6X9`(Courier New4)2dxd0KS.SampleK8<6X9`(Courier NewKSA\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterK8<6X9`(Courier NewKSA\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB   35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.\  `&Times New Roman%2A`Arial3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)Ei) z/ u/:i+003|xU \!CEUS.,  _uXX     BELGIUM #X2Xu=#  k CATA/58/44(2003)   AX2XXX2125.  TheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialreportofBelgium(CAT/C/52/Add.2)at f  its558th,561st,562ndand569thmeetings,heldon6,7,8and14May2003(CAT/C/SR.558,561, O  562and569),andadoptedthefollowingconclusionsandrecommendations. 8  A.Introduction  Z  126.  TheCommitteewelcomeswithsatisfactiontheinitialreportofBelgium,whichdoesnot, ,  however,containenoughinformationonthepracticalimplementationoftheConventionandthe   difficultiesencounteredinthatregard.   127.  TheCommitteewelcomesthepresenceofadelegationcomposedofhighlevelexperts,who   repliedfullyandfranklytothemanyquestionsasked.TheCommitteewelcomeswithgreat i satisfactiontheveryhighqualityoftheensuingdialogue. R B.Positiveaspects $t 128.  TheCommitteenoteswithsatisfactionthefollowingelements: F (a)  TheratificationoftheConventionwithoutreservationsandtherecognitionofthe  CommitteescompetencetoconsiderinterStateandindividualcomplaints(arts.21and22);  (b)  Theadoptionon14June2002oftheActbringingBelgianlawintolinewiththeConvention  andintroducinginthePenalCodearticlesontortureandinhumanordegradingtreatmentstatingthat l anorderbyasuperiorcannotjustifytheoffencesoftortureorinhumantreatment; U _(c_)  Theadoptionon18July2001ofanarticleintheCodeofPenalProcedurerecognizingthe ' w competenceofBelgiancourtstotryoffencescommittedoutsideBelgiumwhicharecoveredbyan !` internationalconventionwhichisbindingonBelgium; !I  (d)  Theestablishmentin1991oftheStandingCommitteeontheSupervisionofthePolice #" Services(PCommittee),underparliamentaryauthority,andthesubsequentstrengtheningofits $ # powers; % $ (e)  Therepealin1999ofarticle53oftheActof8April1965allowingminorstobeplacedin o'"& detentioncentresforaperiodofnotmorethan15days,andtheeffortsbeingmadebytheFlemish X(#' andFrenchcommunitiestosolveproblemsofovercrowdinginspecializedestablishmentsfor A)$( juveniledelinquents. **z%) C.Subjectsofconcern +L'+ 129.  TheCommitteeisconcernedabout: -)- Ї(a)  Thelackofexplanationsconcerningtheconceptofa manifestlyunlawfulorderandthe  factthatanofficialhavingsubjectedapersontodegradingtreatmentmayberelievedofcriminal  responsibilityunderarticle70ofthePenalCodeifheorshewasfollowingtheorderofasuperior;  (b)  Thelackofalegalprovisionclearlyprohibitingtheinvocationofastateofnecessityasa T justificationoftorture; =  _(c_)  Casesoftheexcessiveuseofforceduringpublicdemonstrationsandexpulsionsof  _ foreigners;  H (d)  ThefactthatforeignerswhohavebeenresidentinBelgiumforalongtimebutwhohave    disturbedpublicorderorendangerednationalsecuritymaybeexpelledfromtheterritory,even   thoughmostoftheirtiesandattachmentsareinBelgium;   (e)  ThenonsuspensivenatureofappealsfiledwiththeCouncilofStatebypersonsinrespect n  ofwhomanexpulsionorderhasbeenissued.TheCommitteeisalsoconcernedaboutthe W  administrationsdelayinimplementingministerialordersissuedin2002andgivingsuspensive @ effecttoemergencyremediesappliedforbyrejectedasylumseekers; )y (f)  Thepossibilityofextendingthedetentionofforeignersforaslongastheydonotcooperate K intheirrepatriation,thepossibilityofplacingunaccompaniedminorsindetentionforlengthy 4 periods,andinformationthatasylumseekerswhohavebeenformallyreleasedhavebeentransferred  tothetransitareaofthenationalairport,withoutassistanceandwithoutbeingallowedtoleave;  (g)  Thereformon23April2003oftherulesgoverningtheexerciseofuniversaljurisdictionby  Belgiancourtsincasesinvolvingseriousviolationsofinternationalhumanitarianlaw,authorizing q theMinisterofJusticeinsomecircumstancestoremoveaBelgianjudgefromacase; Z (h)  Thelackoflegislationontherightsofpersonsunderjudicialoradministrativearresttohave ,| accesstoalawyer,toinformtheirfamilyoftheirdetention,tobeclearlyinformedoftheirrightsand e tobeexaminedbyadoctoroftheirchoice; N (_i_)  Thelackofanexhaustivelistofdisciplinaryoffencesinprisonsandofanyeffectiveremedy !   fordetaineesagainstdisciplinarydecisionstakenagainstthem; " ! (j)  Prisonviolence; $# (k)  Informationonthelackofaccesstomedicalcareinprisons,includingpsychiatricand ]&!% psychologicalcare,particularlyasaresultofthelackofqualifiedandavailablestaff; F'"& (l)  Thepossibilityoforderingtheisolationofjuveniledelinquentsaged12yearsandover,for )h$( upto17days; *Q%) (m)  Thepoorfunctioningoftheadministrativecommissions,whichareinternalprison +#'+ monitoringbodies; , (,  -(- (n)  Thelackoftrainingforprisonadministrativestaff,includingmedicalstaff,inparticularon  theprohibitionoftortureandinhumanordegradingtreatment,owingespeciallytothelackof  resourcesearmarkedforthatpurpose;  (o)  Thefactthatrulesontheexclusionofevidenceobtainedasaresultoftorturehaveemerged T onlyfromthedecisionsofthecourts,andthatjudgesseemtoretaindiscretionarypowerinthat =  regard. & v D.Recommendations  H 130.  WhiletheCommitteewelcomesthedecisionoftheBelgianauthoritiestoextendthe    definitionoftortureandinhumanordegradingtreatmenttothecommissionofsuchactsbynon   Stateactors,eventhoseactingwithouttheconsentofaStateagent,itrecommendsthattheBelgian   authoritiesensurethatallelementsofthedefinitioncontainedinarticle1oftheConventionare   includedinthegeneraldefinitionprovidedbyBelgiancriminallaw. n  131.  TheCommitteerecommendsthattheStateparty: @ (a)  Ensurethatofficialswhohavesubjectedanypersontodegradingtreatmentareliableto b criminalpenalties,eventhoughtheymayhaveactedontheorderofasuperior,andexplainthe K conceptofa manifestlyunlawfulorder; 4 (b)  IncludeaprovisioninthePenalCodeexpresslyprohibitingtheinvocationofastateof  necessitytojustifytheviolationoftherightnottobesubjectedtotorture;  _(c_)  Ensurethattheguidelinesontheuseofforceduringpublicdemonstrationsandexpulsions q offoreignersarefullyinkeepingwiththerequirementsoftheConvention,guaranteetheirfull Z implementationandconductimmediateinquiriesintoanyallegationsoftheexcessiveuseofforce C bylawenforcementofficials; ,| (d)  Givesuspensiveeffectnotonlytoemergencyremediesappliedforbutalsotoappealsfiled N byanyforeigneragainstwhomanexpulsionorderisissuedandwhoclaimsthatheorshefacesthe  7 riskofbeingsubjectedtotortureinthecountrytowhichheorsheistobereturned; !   (e)  Setatimelimitforthedetentionofforeignersagainstwhomanexpulsionorderisissued, #" draftspecificlegislationonunaccompaniedminorsthattakesaccountofthebestinterestsofthe $# child,andmonitorasylumseekerswhohavebeenreleased; t% $ (f)  EnsurerespectfortheprincipleoftheindependenceofBelgiancourtsfromtheexecutive F'"& branch,inparticularwheretheexerciseofuniversaljurisdictioninrelationtoseriousviolationsof /(#' internationalhumanitarianlawisconcerned; )h$( (g)  Expresslyguaranteeinnationallegislationtherightofallpersonswhoarejudiciallyor *:&* administrativelydetainedtohaveaccesstoalawyerandadoctoroftheirchoiceimmediately +#'+ followingtheirarrest,tobeinformedoftheirrightsinalanguagetheyunderstandandtoinform , (, theirfamiliespromptlyoftheirdetention; -(- Ї(h)  Urgentlymodernizeitsprisonlaw,particularlybydefiningthelegalstatusofdetainees,  explainingtheprisondisciplinaryregimeandguaranteeingtherightofdetaineestoinstitute  proceedingsandobtaineffectiveremediesagainstunwarranteddisciplinarypenaltiesthroughan  independentandpromptlyaccessiblebody; k (_i_)  Combatprisonviolencemoreeffectively; =  (j)  Improvethesystemofaccesstohealthcareinprisonsbyrecruitingmorequalifiedmedical  _ staff;  H (k)  Ensurethattheisolationofjuveniledelinquentsisimposedonlyinentirelyexceptional    cases,andforalimitedperiod;   (l)  Improvethesystemofprisonsupervisionbyensuringthepromptreplacementofthe   administrativecommissionsbymoreeffectivebodies,asplanned,andbyconsideringthepossibility n  ofallowingnongovernmentalorganizationstovisitprisonsregularlyandmeetdetainees; W  (m)  Guaranteethetrainingofprisonadministrativestaff,includingmedicalstaff,inthe )y prohibitionoftortureandinhumanordegradingtreatment; b (n)  Clearlystateinnationallegislationthatevidenceobtainedundertortureisautomatically 4 inadmissibleandmustthereforenotbesubmittedforconsiderationbythecourtitself.  132.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatthepresentconclusionsandrecommendationsandthe  summaryrecordsofthemeetingsatwhichtheStatepartysinitialreportwasconsideredbewidely  disseminatedinthecountryintheappropriatelanguages. q 133.  TheCommitteerecommendsthatBelgiumsnextperiodicreportcontaindetailedinformation C onthepracticalimplementationoftheConventionandallofthepointsraisedinthepresent ,| conclusions,inparticulardetailedinformation,includingstatistics,onthefunctioningand e effectivenessoftheprisonsupervisionsystem,prisonviolenceandtheeffectivenessofthemeasures N takeninthatregard.TheCommitteewishestoreceiveinformationonthenumberandageof  7 juveniledelinquentsplacedinisolation,theaveragelengthoftheirdetentioninisolationandthe !   reasonsforthepenaltiesimposedonthem. " ! #X2XXAX2#Ԁ