ÿWPCM Ur…%„hn,4böt'’fJÙ§ Ø9œòwkn,Túfg½q`XÙËp…¿‰DßF}è¤3-æ5¼ ]“uÊEÅxFŽS Þý¯ú®äª•ÉÅ]º“û@Ò$(áTÔ(Ñoã¾ÒEcZ߃–V$ÈF½éúõÆ¢ðƒ©:é¹ÂjèAHQ*p~ÒK2ÎcVXšÉâÄ FB}±@’ÕõTq¬S‰^‘†1Ì\•yìÞPç~8xyêäÐ5v˜jÒâëØÞЀ0‘#ÿ»Ô»L>­òˆv©á0ËÙX1H·ç|Y+´%òɨVÙ¥¸EÒÔÕ®ù3)ôqÎX•ªš%ª¶÷K1DED©œˆZz±¶áÿ‚!$c?§™ý\ ^ÈH‹)a €ƒ¥.û2è9%â3%â?¨!/ÒXße®+ m©žŸð Ç·_ƒ£j@j¶¥e9V®93H½¹åÑ[ª1À ˜Ãu·Eüd0Ú¿Ô”“jG-÷^0ú/t²ž‘ÄrL. XA ™¡/%^g e„YÝoøLí ijL`Ö"âS|ºŸºÍŠ—WäÓ!¯ ²_ #ɨUNq %¿ 0:Å^ ÿw 4#2 m4NK˜HP PSC 2350 seriesTŽ––––TŽ0(@øÐ Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ô s;‡ ùŒR:rtyBar\¡3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔUSUK.,Ôò òÔ‡¼p)»XXÔÓ  ÓÑ8€¿9XXdìdÈ8ÑBRUNEI€DARUSSALAMÔ#†X¿9X»¼p)R#Ôó óÐ ° ÐÓqÓÌò òCRCó óÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓÔUK.,US.,=ÔÌò òòòRESERVATIONS€AND€DECLARATIONSóóó óÐ ˆØ Ðòò(Unless€otherwise€indicated,€the€reservations€and€declarations€were€made€upon€ratification,Ð t Ä Ðaccession€or€succession)óóÔUSUK.,ÔÐ ` ° ÐÌReservation:Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ"[The€Government€of€Brunei€Darussalam]€expresses€its€reservations€on€the€provisions€of€the€saidÐ `  ÐConvention€which€may€be€contrary€to€the€Constitution€of€Brunei€Darussalam€and€to€the€beliefs€andÐ üL  Ðprinciples€of€Islam,€the€State,€religion,€and€without€prejudice€to€the€generality€of€the€said€reservations,Ð è8  Ðin€particular€expresses€its€reservation€on€articles€14,€20€and€21€of€the€Convention."Ð Ô$  ÐÔUK.,US.,#ÔÓ0ÓÓ ÓÔUSUK.,ÔÌÌò òòòOBJECTIONS€MADE€TO€STATE€PARTYððS€RESERVATIONS€AND€DECLARATIONSÐ ˜è Ðóóó óòòÔUK.,US.,zÔ(Unless€otherwise€indicated,€the€objections€were€made€upon€ratification,€accession€or€succession)Ð „Ô ÐóóÌò òAustriaó ó,€3€March€1997Ð \¬ ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Brunei€Darussalam,€Kiribati€and€Saudi€Arabia€uponÐ 8ˆ Ðaccession:Ð $t ÐÌ[Same€objection,€mutatis€mutandis,€as€the€one€made€with€regard€to€Malaysia.]€Ð üL ÐÌà0  à[òòEd.€note:€as€followsóó:ÐÔ$(#(# ÐÌà0  à18€June€1996Ьü(#(# ÐÌà0  àWith€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Malaysia€upon€accession:Є Ô(#(# ÐÌà0  à"Under€article€19€of€the€Vienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties€which€is€reflected€inÐ \"¬  Ðarticle€51€of€the€[Convention]€a€€reservation,€in€order€to€be€admissible€under€international€law,Ð H#˜! Ðhas€to€be€compatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€treaty€concerned.€A€reservation€isÐ 4$„" Ðincompatible€with€object€and€purpose€of€a€treaty€if€it€intends€to€derogate€from€provisions€theÐ  %p # Ðimplementation€of€which€is€essential€to€fulfilling€its€object€and€purpose.Ð &\!$(#(# ÐÌà0  àThe€Government€of€Austria€has€examined€the€reservation€made€by€Malaysia€to€theÐ ä'4#& Ð[Convention].€Given€the€general€character€of€these€reservations€a€final€assessment€as€to€itsÐ Ð( $' Ðadmissibility€under€international€law€cannot€be€made€without€further€clarification.м) %((#(# ÐÌà0  àUntil€the€scope€of€the€legal€effects€of€this€reservation€is€sufficiently€specified€by€Malaysia,€theÐ ”+ä&* ÐÔ_ÔRepublic€of€Austria€considers€these€reservations€as€not€affecting€any€provision€theÐ ° Ðimplementation€of€which€is€essential€to€fulfilling€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€[Convention].Мì(#(# ÐÌà0  àAustria,€however,€objects€to€the€admissibility€of€the€reservations€in€question€if€the€applicationÐ tÄ Ðof€this€reservation€negatively€affects€the€compliance€of€Malaysia€...€with€its€obligations€underÐ `° Ðthe€[Convention]€essential€for€the€fulfilment€of€its€object€and€purpose.ÐL œ(#(# ÐÌà0  àAustria€could€not€consider€the€reservation€made€by€Malaysia€...€as€admissible€under€theÐ $ t Ðregime€of€article€51€of€the€[Convention]€and€article€19€of€the€Vienna€Convention€on€the€LawÐ  ` Ðof€Treaties€unless€Malaysia€...€,€by€providing€additional€information€or€through€subsequentÐ ü L  Ðpractice€to€ensure€[s]€that€the€reservations€are€compatible€with€the€provisions€essential€for€theÐ è 8  Ðimplementation€of€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€[Convention]".]ÐÔ$ (#(# ÐÌÓjÓÓ  Ó*****Ð ¬ü  ÐÓ8ÓÓÓÌò òDenmarkó ó,€10€February€1997Ð „Ô  ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€reservation€made€by€Brunei€Darussalam€upon€accession:Ð `° ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Denmark€finds€that€the€general€reservation€with€reference€to€the€ConstitutionÐ 8ˆ Ðof€Brunei€Darussalam€and€to€the€beliefs€and€principles€of€Islamic€law€is€of€unlimited€scope€andÐ $t Ðundefined€character.€Consequently,€the€Government€of€Denmark€considers€the€said€reservation€asÐ ` Ðbeing€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purposes€of€the€Convention€and€accordingly€inadmissible€andÐ üL Ðwithout€effect€under€international€law.€Furthermore,€it€is€a€general€principle€of€international€law€thatÐ è8 Ðnational€law€may€not€be€invoked€as€justification€for€failure€to€perform€treaty€obligations.Ð Ô$ ÐÌThe€Convention€remains€in€force€in€its€entirety€between€Brunei€Darussalam€and€Denmark.Ð ¬ü ÐÌIt€is€the€opinion€of€the€Government€of€Denmark,€that€no€time€limit€applies€to€objections€againstÐ „Ô Ðreservations,€which€are€inadmissible€under€international€law.Ð pÀ ÐÌThe€Government€of€Denmark€recommends€the€Government€of€Brunei€Darussalam€to€reconsider€itsÐ H!˜ Ðreservation€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child."Ð 4"„  Ðò òòòó óóóÌÓnÓÓ  Ó*****Ð  $\" ÐÓâÓò òÓ(ÓGermanyó óÐ ø$H # ÐÌ20€March€1996Ð Ð& "% ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Malaysia€upon€accession€and€Qatar€upon€ratification:Ð ¨(ø#' ÐÌThe€Government€of€the€Federal€Republic€of€Germany€considers€that€such€a€reservation,€which€seeksÐ €*Ð%) Ðto€limit€the€responsibilities€of€[Malaysia€and€Qatar,€respectively]€under€the€Convention€by€invokingÐ l+¼&* Ðgeneral€principles€of€national€law,€may€raise€doubts€as€to€the€commitment€of€[Malaysia€and€Qatar,Ð ° Ðrespectively]€to€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€and,€moreover,€contributes€to€underminingÐ œì Ðthe€basis€of€international€treaty€law.€It€is€the€common€interest€of€states€that€treaties€to€which€they€haveÐ ˆØ Ðchosen€to€become€parties€should€be€respected,€as€to€object€and€purpose,€by€all€parties.€TheÐ tÄ ÐGovernment€of€the€Federal€Republic€of€Germany€therefore€objects€to€the€said€reservation.Ð `° ÐÌThis€objection€does€not€constitute€an€obstacle€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention€between€theÐ 8 ˆ ÐFederal€Republic€of€Germany€and€[Malaysia€and€Qatar,€respectively].Ð $ t ÐÌSubsequently,€the€Secretary-General€received,€from€the€Government€of€Germany,€objections€of€theÐ ü L  Ðsame€nature€as€the€one€above€with€regard€to€reservations€made€by€the€following€States€on€the€datesÐ è 8  Ðindicated€hereinafter:Ð Ô$  Ð...Ð À  Ð-€12€February€1997:€with€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Brunei€Darussalam€and€Saudi€ArabiaÐ ¬ü  Ðupon€accession.Ð ˜è  Ð...Ð „Ô  ÐÌÓÓÓ  Ó*****Ð \¬ ÐÓÚÓÓ/ÓÌò òItalyó óÐ 4„ ÐÌ14€June€1996Ð  \ ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Qatar€upon€ratification:Ð ä4 ÐÌ"The€Government€of€the€Italian€Republic€considers€that€such€a€reservation,€which€seeks€to€limit€theÐ ¼  Ðresponsibilities€of€Qatar€under€the€Convention€by€invoking€general€principles€of€national€law,€mayÐ ¨ø Ðraise€doubts€as€to€the€commitment€of€Qatar€to€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€and,Ð ”ä Ðmoreover,€contributes€to€undermining€the€basis€of€international€treaty€law.€It€is€common€interest€ofÐ €Ð ÐStates€that€treaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€Parties€should€be€respected,€as€to€the€objectsÐ l¼ Ðand€the€purpose,€by€all€Parties.€The€Government€of€the€Italian€Republic€therefore€objects€to€thisÐ X ¨ Ðreservation.€This€objection€does€not€constitute€an€obstacle€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€ConventionÐ D!” Ðbetween€the€Government€of€the€Italian€Republic€and€the€State€of€Qatar."Ð 0"€  ÐÌSubsequently,€the€Secretary-General€received,€from€the€Government€of€Italy,€objections€of€the€sameÐ $X" Ðnature€as€the€one€above€with€regard€to€reservations€made€by€the€following€States€on€the€datesÐ ô$D # Ðindicated€hereinafter:Ð à%0!$ Ð...Ð Ì&"% Ð-€23€December€1996:€with€regard€to€the€reservation€made€by€Brunei€Darussalam€upon€accession;Ð ¸'#& ÐÌÌÓÓÓ  Ó*****Ð |*Ì%) ÐÓ #ÓÓ6ÓÐ h+¸&* Ðò òNetherlandsó óÐ ° ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Djibouti,€Indonesia,€Iran€(Islamic€Republic€of),€Pakistan€andÐ ˆØ Ðthe€Syrian€Arab€Republic€upon€ratification:Ð tÄ ÐÌ"The€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€considers€that€such€reservations,€which€seekÐ L œ Ðto€limit€the€responsibilities€of€the€reserving€State€under€the€Convention€by€invoking€general€principlesÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€national€law,€may€raise€doubts€as€to€the€commitment€of€these€States€to€the€object€and€purpose€ofÐ $ t Ðthe€Convention€and€moreover,€contribute€to€undermining€the€basis€of€international€treaty€law.€It€isÐ  ` Ðin€the€common€interest€of€States€that€treaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€parties€should€beÐ ü L  Ðrespected,€as€to€object€and€purpose,€by€all€parties.€the€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€theÐ è 8  ÐNetherlands€therefore€objects€to€these€reservations.Ð Ô$  ÐÌThis€objection€does€not€constitute€an€obstacle€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention€between€theÐ ¬ü  ÐKingdom€of€the€Netherlands€and€the€aforementioned€States."Ð ˜è  ÐÌSubsequently,€the€Secretary-General€received,€from€the€Government€of€the€Netherlands,€objectionsÐ pÀ Ðof€the€same€nature€as€the€one€above€with€regard€to€reservations€made€by€the€following€States€on€theÐ \¬ Ðdates€indicated€hereinafter:Ð H˜ Ð...Ð 4„ Ð-€3€March€1997:€with€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Liechtenstein€upon€ratification€and€BruneiÐ  p ÐDarussalam,€Kiribati€and€Saudi€Arabia€upon€accession;Ð  \ Ð...Ð øH ÐÌÓ@#ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð Ð  ÐÓA*ÓÓ=ÓÌò òNorwayó ó,€4€March€1997Ð ¨ø ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€reservation€made€by€Brunei€Darussalam€upon€accession:Ð „Ô ÐÌ[Same€objection,€mutatis€mutandis,€as€the€one€made€with€regard€to€Qatar.]Ð \ ¬ ÐÌà0  à[òòEd.€note:€as€followsóó:Ð4"„ (#(# ÐÌà0  à14€June€1996Ð $\"(#(# ÐÌà0  àWith€regard€to€the€declaration€made€by€Qatar€upon€ratification:Ðä%4!$(#(# ÐÌà0  à"The€Government€of€Norway€considers€that€the€reservation€made€by€the€State€of€Qatar,€dueÐ ¼' #& Ðto€its€unlimited€scope€and€undefined€character,€is€inadmissible€under€international€law.€ForÐ ¨(ø#' Ðthatòò€óóreason,€the€Government€of€Norway€objects€to€the€reservation€made€by€the€State€of€Qatar.Д)ä$((#(# ÐÌà0  àThe€Government€of€Norway€does€not€consider€this€objection€to€preclude€the€entry€into€Ô_ÔforceÐ l+¼&* Ðof€the€Convention€between€the€Kingdom€of€Norway€and€the€State€of€Qatar."]а(#(# ÐÌÓw*ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð ˆØ ÐÓÐ.ÓÓAÓÌò òPortugaló óÐ `° ÐÌ15€July€1992Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Myanmar€upon€accession,€by€Bangladesh,€Djibouti,Ð  ` ÐIndonesia,€Kuwait€and€Pakistan€upon€ratification€and€by€Turkey€upon€signature:Ð ü L  ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Portugal€considers€that€reservations€by€which€a€State€limits€its€responsibilitiesÐ Ô$  Ðunder€the€Convention€by€invoking€general€principles€of€National€Law€may€create€doubts€on€theÐ À  Ðcommitments€of€the€reserving€State€to€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€and,€moreover,Ð ¬ü  Ðcontribute€to€undermining€the€basis€of€International€Law.€It€is€in€the€common€interest€of€States€thatÐ ˜è  Ðtreaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€parties€also€are€respected,€as€to€object€and€purpose,Ð „Ô  Ðby€all€parties.€The€Government€of€Portugal€therefore€objects€to€the€reservations.Ð pÀ ÐÌThis€objection€shall€not€constitute€an€obstacle€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention€betweenÐ H˜ ÐPortugal€and€Myanmar.Ð 4„ ÐÌThe€Government€of€Portugal€furthermore€notes€that,€as€a€matter€of€principle,€the€same€objectionÐ  \ Ðcould€be€made€to€the€reservations€presented€by€Bangladesh,€Djibouti,€Indonesia,€Kuwait,€PakistanÐ øH Ðand€Turkey."Ð ä4 ÐÌSubsequently,€the€Secretary-General€received,€from€the€Government€of€the€Portugal,€objections€ofÐ ¼  Ðthe€same€nature€as€the€one€above€with€regard€to€reservations€made€by€the€following€States€on€theÐ ¨ø Ðdates€indicated€hereinafter:Ð ”ä Ð...Ð €Ð Ð-€30€January€1997:€with€regard€to€reservations€made€by€Brunei€Darussalam,€Kiribati€and€Saudi€ArabiaÐ l¼ Ðupon€accession.Ð X ¨ ÐÌÌòòNoteóó€òòòòóóò òÐ #l! ÐÌó óóóOn€13€March€1997,€the€Secretary-General€received€from€the€Government€of€Ireland€the€followingÐ ô$D # Ðcommunication€with€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Brunei€Darussalam:Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ[Same€objection,€mutatis€mutandis,€as€the€one€made€with€regard€to€Saudi€Arabia€under€"Objections".]€Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  à[òòEd.€note:€as€followsóó:Ð )à$( ÐÌà  à13€March€1997Ð h+¸&* Їà  àWith€regard€to€the€reservation€made€by€Saudi€Arabia€upon€accession:Ð ° ÐÌà  à[Same€objection,€mutatis€mutandis,€as€the€one€made€with€regard€to€Malaysia.]€]Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` à[Ed.€note:€as€follows:Ð `° Ðà  àÌà  àà ` à26€June€1996Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àà ` àWith€regard€to€the€reservation€made€by€Malaysia€upon€accession:Ð  ` ÐÌà0  àà0` (#(#à"Ireland€considers€that€this€reservation€is€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€ofÐ è 8  Ðthe€Convention€and€is€therefore€prohibited€by€article€51€(2)€of€the€Convention.€TheÐ Ô$  ÐGovernment€of€Ireland€also€considers€that€it€contributes€to€undermining€the€basis€ofÐ À  Ðinternational€treaty€law.€The€Government€of€Ireland€therefore€objects€to€the€saidÐ ¬ü  Ðreservation.]Иè ` (#` (# Ðòò(Note€21,€Chapter€IV.11,€Multilateralóó€Treaties€Deposited€with€the€Secretary„General)Ð „Ô  ÐÌÓ/ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð \¬ ÐÓ„<ÓÓÓÌòòNoteóó€Ð 4„ ÐÌOn€20€March€1997,€the€Secretary-General€received€from€the€Government€of€Finland€communicationsÐ  \ Ðwith€regard€to€reservations€made€by€Brunei€Darussalam€and€Saudi€Arabia€upon€accession:Ð øH ÐÌ[Same€text,€mutatis€mutandis,€as€the€objection€made€with€regard€to€Singapore€under€"Objections".]€Ð Ð  ÐÌà0  à[òòEd.€note:€as€followsóó:Шø(#(# ÐÌà0  à26€November€1996ЀÐ(#(# ÐÌà0  àWith€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Singapore€upon€accession:ÐX ¨(#(# ÐÌà0  à"The€reservations€made€in€paragraphs€2€and€3€by€the€Republic€of€Singapore,€consisting€of€aÐ 0"€  Ðgeneral€reference€to€national€law€without€stating€unequivocally€the€provisions€the€legal€effectÐ #l! Ðof€which€may€be€excluded€or€modified,€do€not€clearly€define€to€the€other€Parties€of€theÐ $X" ÐConvention€the€extent€to€which€the€reserving€State€commits€itself€to€the€Convention€andÐ ô$D # Ðtherefore€create€doubts€about€the€commitment€of€the€reserving€State€to€fulfil€its€obligationsÐ à%0!$ Ðunder€the€said€Convention.€Reservations€of€such€unspecified€nature€may€contribute€toÐ Ì&"% Ðundermining€the€basis€of€international€human€rights€treaties.и'#&(#(# ÐÌà0  àThe€Government€of€Finland€also€recalls€that€these€reservations€of€the€Republic€of€SingaporeÐ )à$( Ðare€subject€to€the€general€principle€of€observance€of€treaties€according€to€which€a€party€mayÐ |*Ì%) Ðnot€invoke€the€provisions€of€its€internal€law€as€justification€for€failure€to€perform€its€treatyÐ h+¸&* Ðobligations.€It€is€in€the€common€interest€of€States€that€Parties€to€international€treaties€areÐ ° Ðprepared€to€take€the€necessary€legislative€changes€in€order€to€fulfil€the€object€and€purpose€ofÐ œì Ðthe€treaty.ЈØ(#(# ÐÌà0  àThe€Government€of€Finland€considers€that€in€their€present€formulation€these€reservationsÐ `° Ðmade€by€the€Republic€of€Singapore€are€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€saidÐ L œ ÐConvention€and€therefore,€inadmissible€under€article€51,€paragraph€2,€of€the€said€Convention.Ð 8 ˆ ÐIn€view€of€the€above,€the€Government€of€Finland€objects€to€these€reservations€and€notes€thatÐ $ t Ðthey€are€devoid€of€legal€effect"]Ð `(#(# Ðòò(Note€22,€Chapter€IV.11,€Multilateralóó€òòTreaties€Deposited€with€the€Secretary„General)Ð ü L  ÐóóÔUSUK.,ÔÌÓº<ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð Ô$  ÐÌÓKGÓÓ ÓòòNoteóó€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌOn€13€August€1997,€the€Secretary-General€received€from€the€Government€of€Sweden€the€followingÐ „Ô  Ðcommunications€with€regard€to€reservations€made€by€Brunei€Darussalam,€Kiribati€and€Singapore€uponÐ pÀ Ðaccession€to€the€Convention:Ð \¬ ÐÌ[Same€text,€mutatis€mutandis,€as€the€one€made€with€regard€to€Indonesia€under€"Objections".]€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  à[òòEd.€note:€as€followsóó:Ð  \ ÐÌà  à20€September€1991Ð ä4 ÐÌà0  àWith€regard€to€the€reservation€made€by€Indonesia€upon€ratification€concerning€articles€1,€14,Ð ¼  Ð16,€17,€21,€22€and€29:Шø(#(# ÐÌà0  à"A€reservation€by€which€a€State€party€limits€its€responsibilities€under€the€Convention€byÐ €Ð Ðinvoking€general€principles€of€national€law€may€cast€doubts€on€the€commitments€of€theÐ l¼ Ðreserving€state€to€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€and,€moreover,€contribute€toÐ X ¨ Ðundermining€the€basis€of€international€treaty€law.€It€is€in€the€common€interest€of€states€thatÐ D!” Ðtreaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€parties€also€are€respected,€as€to€object€andÐ 0"€  Ðpurpose,€by€all€parties.€The€Government€of€Sweden€therefore€objects€to€the€reservations.Ð#l!(#(# ÐÌà0  à"This€objection€does€not€constitute€an€obstacle€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€ConventionÐ ô$D # Ðbetween€Sweden€and€the€Republic€of€Indonesia."]òòÐà%0!$(#(# ÐÔUK.,US.,(GÔÔUSUK.,Ô(Note€Ô_Ô23,Ô_Ô€Chapter€IV.11,€Multilateralóó€òòTreaties€Deposited€with€the€Secretary„General)Ð Ì&"% ÐÔUK.,US.,óMÔóóÓ‚GÓ