ÿWPC[ ó³æÛx}Õæú\¿§Ibs+v7ºò õÔzR€p…/˜fS1YÉèæ”¶Ña±“¸ü«…[¼Û :šf?tÑÖË ¾»zQÀËñßp×C¢¼ãón×NmÌ^ÜOŸQÉ Ž ÐOctober€1993€to€submit€a€report,€not€later€than€31€January€1994,€if€necessary€in€summary€form,Ð ' w Ðdescribing€in€particular€the€implementation€of€articles€4,€6,€7,€9,€12€and€25€of€the€Covenant€duringÐ  ` Ðthe€current€period,€for€consideration€by€the€Committee€at€its€fiftieth€session.Ð ù I ÐÌ355.€€At€its€fiftieth€session,€the€Committee€noted€that€the€report€requested€had€not€been€submittedÐ Ë   Ðby€the€Government€of€Burundi€and,€through€its€Chairman,€asked€for€it€to€be€submitted€to€theÐ ´  ÐCommittee€for€consideration€at€its€fifty-first€session.€€In€response€to€this€request,€the€GovernmentÐ í  Ðof€Burundi€submitted€a€report€on€12€July€1994€(Ô_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/98),€which€was€considered€by€theÐ †Ö  ÐCommittee€at€its€1349th€and€1350th€meetings,€on€25€July€1994.€€The€Committee€adopted€òò30óó/€€theÐ o¿  Ðfollowing€comments:Ð X¨  ÐÌòòIntroductionóóÐ *z ÐÌ356.€€The€Committee€thanks€the€State€party€for€its€report€and€welcomes€the€presence€before€theÐ üL ÐCommittee€of€a€high-level€delegation.€€The€Committee€notes€with€regret,€however,€that€whileÐ å5 Ðproviding€some€information€on€the€implementation€of€articles€4,€6,€7,€9,€12€and€25€of€the€Covenant,Ð Î Ðthe€report€does€not€contain€enough€information€on€the€situation€obtaining€in€the€country€and€theÐ · Ðdifficulties€affecting€the€application€of€the€Covenant.€€The€information€provided€orally€by€theÐ  ð Ðdelegation€made€good€those€deficiencies€and€provided€the€Committee€with€better€insight€into€theÐ ‰Ù Ðhuman€rights€situation€in€Burundi.Ð r ÐÌòòFactors€and€difficulties€affecting€the€application€of€the€CovenantóóÐ D” ÐÌ357.€€The€Committee€notes€that,€since€its€accession€to€independence,€Burundi€has€regularly€had€toÐ f Ðcontend€with€serious€conflicts€between€the€Ô_ÔHutuÔ_Ô€majority€and€the€Ô_ÔTutsiÔ_Ô€minority,€largely€attributableÐ ÿO Ðto€Ô_ÔsocioÔ_Ô-political€difficulties€inherited€from€the€past.€€Those€conflicts,€particularly€the€most€recentÐ è 8 Ðone€in€the€autumn€of€1993,€following€the€assassination€of€the€President€of€the€Republic,€have€beenÐ Ñ!!  Ðmarked€by€gross€violations€of€human€rights.€€The€lack€of€effective€measures€following€such€events,Ð º" ! Ðas€well€as€the€de€facto€impunity€enjoyed,€regardless€of€rank,€by€members€of€the€army,€police,Ð £#ó" Ðgendarmerie,€security€forces€or€administration€responsible€for€serious€violations€of€human€rights,Ð Œ$Ü# Ðare€obstacles€to€the€restoration€of€lasting€peace€and€to€the€halting€of€the€cycle€of€violence€betweenÐ u%Å $ Ðthe€Ô_ÔHutuÔ_Ô€majority€and€the€Ô_ÔTutsiÔ_Ô€minority.Ð ^&®!% ÐÌ358.€€The€dominance€in€the€army,€the€police,€the€gendarmerie,€the€security€forces,€the€judicial€systemÐ 0(€#' Ðand,€generally,€in€the€most€senior€civil-service€posts€of€persons€belonging€to€a€minority€group€is€aÐ )i$( Ðfactor€constantly€and€seriously€affecting€the€application€of€the€Covenant€and€one€which€continually€Ð *R%) Ð___________Ð ë*;&* ÐÓ-°‚X'‚,¸ —X°œX-Óà ' àòò30óó/€à 4 àAt€the€1355òòthóó€meeting€(fifty„first€session),€held€on€28€July€1994.Ð Ô+$'+ ÐÌòòóóarouses€the€fears€of€the€majority€of€the€population.€€The€recent€unrest€on€an€unprecedented€scale€inÐ ¦-ö(- ÐÔ_Ôa€neighbouring€country€(Rwanda),€which€has€resulted€in€a€massive€influx€of€refugees€into€Burundi,Ð ° Ðis€a€further€difficulty€likely€to€have€extremely€negative€effects€on€the€application€of€the€CovenantÐ ™é Ðin€that€country.òòÐ ‚Ò ÐÌPositive€aspectsóóÐ T¤ ÐÌ359.€€The€authorities€have€made€an€effort€to€consider€a€number€of€measures€to€restore€civil€peaceÐ & v Ðand€harmony€among€the€various€elements€of€the€Burundi€population,€although€those€efforts€do€notÐ  _ Ðfor€the€time€being€seem€to€have€had€concrete€effects.Ð ø H ÐÌ360.€€The€Committee€also€notes€that€foreign€non-governmental€organizations€have€been€allowed€toÐ Ê   Ðconduct€inquiries€into€human€rights€violations€in€Burundi€without€hindrance.Ð ³  ÐÌòòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÐ …Õ  ÐÌ361.€€The€Committee€deplores€the€massacres€following€clashes€between€Hutus€and€Tutsis€that€haveÐ W§  Ðoccurred€in€Burundi€since€its€consideration€of€the€initial€report€in€October€1992€and€the€increasinglyÐ @ Ðserious€obstacles€to€the€peaceful€coexistence€of€the€various€elements€of€the€Burundi€population.€€TheÐ )y Ðattempts€to€restore€civil€peace,€to€assuage€the€tensions€of€daily€life€in€society€and€to€redress€theÐ b Ðbalance€in€the€various€State€institutions,€particularly€the€army,€the€police,€the€gendarmerie,€theÐ ûK Ðsecurity€forces€and€the€judiciary,€so€as€to€make€them€more€representative€of€the€various€elements€ofÐ ä4 Ðthe€population,€have€clearly€failed.€€The€Committee€deplores€the€pattern€of€gross€violations€of€humanÐ Í Ðrights€in€the€form€of€numerous€summary€executions,€disappearances€and€instances€of€torture€whichÐ ¶ Ðoccurred€following€the€events€of€autumn€1993.€€The€army,€the€police,€the€gendarmerie€and€theÐ Ÿï Ðsecurity€forces€have€continued€to€be€responsible€for€many€violations€of€human€rights.€€The€civilianÐ ˆØ Ðpopulation€continues€to€be€armed€and€further€violations€of€human€rights€are€to€be€feared.Ð qÁ ÐÌ362.€€The€Committee€deplores€the€lack€of€any€inquiry€into€the€above-mentioned€violations.€€As€aÐ C“ Ðresult,€the€perpetrators€have€remained€unpunished€and€continue€to€perform,€and€sometimes€to€abuse,Ð ,| Ðtheir€functions€in€the€army,€police,€gendarmerie€or€security€forces.€€The€victims€or€their€familiesÐ e Ðhave€received€no€compensation€of€any€kind.€€The€judiciary€has€shown€itself€incapable€of€carryingÐ þN Ðout€its€duties€independently€and€impartially€and€has€been€unable€to€initiate€the€necessaryÐ ç 7 Ðinvestigations€or€bring€those€responsible€to€trial.€€Furthermore,€the€fact€that€the€commissions€ofÐ Ð!   Ðinquiry€recently€set€up€to€identify€those€responsible€for€human€rights€violations€consist€of€individualsÐ ¹" ! Ðbelonging€to€only€one€of€the€countryððs€population€groups€is€a€source€of€serious€concern€and€hasÐ ¢#ò" Ðserved€only€to€shake€the€populationððs€confidence€in€the€authorities€and€exacerbate€strife€and€violenceÐ ‹$Û# Ðbetween€the€various€population€groups.Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌ363.€€The€Committee€deplores€the€fact€that€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant€not€referred€to€in€theÐ F'–"& ÐCommitteeððs€decision€have€also€been€the€subject€of€serious€violations.€€In€particular,€the€use€of€theÐ /(#' Ðmedia€to€incite€hostility€and€violence€among€the€various€population€groups€constitutes€a€clearÐ )h$( Ðviolation€of€the€provisions€of€article€20€of€the€Covenant.Ð *Q%) ÐÌòòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÐ Ó+#'+ ÐÌ364.€€The€Committee€urges€the€State€party€to€initiate€without€delay€a€process€of€nationalÐ ¥-õ(- Ðreconciliation.€€This€process€should€be€accompanied€by€various€specific€measures€such€as€theÐ ° Ðestablishment€of€commissions€of€inquiry€made€up€of€members€of€each€of€the€countryððs€populationÐ ™é Ðgroups.€€Impartial€foreign€observers€could€participate€in€the€inquiries€in€order€to€identify€thoseÐ ‚Ò Ðresponsible€for€gross€violations€of€human€rights€in€the€autumn€of€1993,€to€bring€them€to€trial€andÐ k» Ðpunish€them€and€to€remove€all€persons€involved€in€such€crimes€from€the€various€State€bodies,Ð T¤ Ðparticularly€the€army,€the€police,€the€gendarmerie€and€the€security€forces.€€The€victims€and€theirÐ =  Ðfamilies€should€also€be€compensated.Ð & v ÐÌ365.€€The€Committee€suggests€using€the€media€to€promote€national€reconciliation€and€harmonyÐ ø H Ðamong€Burundiððs€various€population€groups.€€Strenuous€efforts€should€be€made€to€educate€andÐ á 1  Ðinform€the€whole€of€Burundi€society€regarding€human€rights.€€This€campaign€should€take€accountÐ Ê   Ðof€Burundiððs€traditions€and€customs,€including€the€role€of€mothers€in€educating€their€children.Ð ³  ÐÌ366.€€The€Committee€believes€that€it€is€essential€to€take€urgent€measures€to€reorganize€publicÐ …Õ  Ðinstitutions€so€as€to€ensure€balanced€participation€by€all€population€groups€in€the€conduct€of€publicÐ n¾  Ðaffairs€and€to€permit€all€citizens,€without€distinction,€to€have€access€to€public€service,€in€theÐ W§  Ðadministration,€the€army,€the€police,€the€gendarmerie,€the€security€forces€and€the€judiciary.€€InÐ @ Ðaddition,€the€Committee€considers€that€the€army€should€be€brought€under€the€effective€control€of€theÐ )y Ðcivilian€authorities.€€The€judiciary€and€the€civil€service€should€also€be€opened€immediately€to€thoseÐ b Ðgroups,€so€that€they€can€be€seen€by€the€population€to€be€impartial€and€representative€of€theÐ ûK Ðpopulation€as€a€whole,€thus€restoring€some€degree€of€public€confidence€in€national€institutions.Ð ä4 ÐÌ367.€€In€view€of€the€considerable€difficulties€encountered€by€the€State€party€in€implementing€theÐ ¶ ÐCovenant,€the€gross€violations€of€human€rights€that€occurred€in€autumn€1993€and€the€serious€dangerÐ Ÿï Ðof€a€recurrence€of€such€violations,€the€Committee€is€of€the€view€that€in€its€efforts€at€internalÐ ˆØ Ðpacification€and€national€reconciliation,€Burundi€should€receive€the€resolute€support€of€theÐ qÁ Ðinternational€community.Ð Zª ÐÌ368.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€United€Nations€High€Commissioner€for€Human€RightsÐ ,| Ðcontinue€to€make€strenuous€efforts€to€help€Burundi€avoid€any€future€recurrence€of€gross€violationsÐ e Ðof€human€rights,€for€example,€by€encouraging€the€establishment€of€international€investigationÐ þN Ðmachinery.Ð ç 7 ÐÌ369.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€High€Commissioner€for€Human€Rights€and€the€Centre€forÐ ¹" ! ÐHuman€Rights€in€their€efforts€to€provide€advisory€services€and€technical€assistance€in€the€field€ofÐ ¢#ò" Ðhuman€rights.Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌ370.€€The€Committee,€for€its€part,€is€ready€to€respond€constructively€to€any€appropriate€request€forÐ ]&­!% Ðassistance€by€the€Government€of€Burundi,€provided€that€it€is€clear€and€accompanied€by€a€firmÐ F'–"& Ðresolve€on€the€part€of€the€Government€to€adopt€the€measures€necessary€for€the€effectiveÐ /(#' Ðimplementation€of€the€Covenant.Ð )h$( ÐÓÓ