ÿWPC÷ òUrÊ–Í9K^ïA’!ÒÍqAhG¦ÆÍ-ÿÇ™÷†,s÷½¾æ&LÆå`¢Í£ÄZ/Çö§º;ˆ”3 }M<ñBÿÑ%âÜáÜ,½Éì†FéÍ¢ŸI½'…ت_;#›‡é˜˜î³Àq»þ™¯e›s‡,IÍ6*=â Žv’î Ô¬gpæ½ìƒÊÙw)‘ZÚ‹ƒn°@šõª ¦œÅŠ2kµp*—]Í26—Å™÷ëR  ·ÏeO«ug˜ VJØë)«‡ñ¿0ˤ¤ïù$Rz<ýqîÈŸ˜Øå¾ÖSa¥U|{„/øpG•ÎÕ þš»6R›-Âp!Hä(Æ\¢­:SÅq}ßqñvÖLBDgŽJÐ4‚vlÜQê.ÈŽe…>>m^lÔnZá0µBõß.Œe‚õ裡ªt'BƒÁ§ö2qn~R4wçÔÊ…4럵fH~Qñ8sˆRå|[“ùuN£#µ±Gå¨ò?:øö5”~(¨’§2–#ÁüUN½ %  0:U@K^ ‹w—4›¯¾ mÀ×Nßßßßá˜HP LaserJet 4P,ü,,,,,ü0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô&Öd9 Z‹(Times New Roman #s, ñkr,UŸ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ  Ñ ° ÑÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€X·èXXXÔÑ€OYÑÔ‡¼2=»XX·èÔò òÓ  ÓCAMBODIAó óÔ#†X·èX»¼2=m#ÔÐ ° ÐÓÓÌò òÔ_ÔCERDÔ_Ô€A/42/18€(1987)ó óÐ ° ÐÌÌ435.€€The€initial€report€of€€Democratic€Kampuchea€(Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/111/Add.4)€was€considered€by€theÐ t Ä ÐCommittee€at€its€780òòthóó€and€802òòndóó€meetings€on€4€and€19€March€1987€(Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/SR.780€andÐ ` ° ÐSR.802).Ð L œ ÐÌÓ  Ó436.€€The€report€was€introduced€by€the€representative€of€€Democratic€Kampuchea,€who€referred€toÐ $ t  Ðthe€Vietnamese€war€of€occupation€€that€€ravaged€his€country€since€December€1978€and€to€the€factÐ `  Ðthat€his€Government€€would€not€be€in€a€position€to€prepare€a€proper€report€until€the€foreignÐ üL  Ðoccupying€€forces€€had€€withdrawn.€€€He€drew€the€Committeeððs€attention€to€the€systematic€efforts€ofÐ è8  Ðthe€Vietnamese€occupying€€forces€to€exterminate€the€Khmer€€race.€€€He€stated€that€Viet€Nam,€a€partyÐ Ô$  Ðto€the€Convention,€was€not€fulfilling€its€obligations€under€the€Convention.€€€Finally€he€referred€toÐ À  Ðthe€peace€proposal€made€by€the€three€Democratic€Kampuchea€€coalition€leaders€and€their€appeal,€onÐ ¬ü  Ð18€February€1987,€to€Viet€€Nam€and€the€USSR.Ð ˜è ÐÌ437.€€€Members€of€the€Committee€referred€to€the€tragic€situation€in€Democratic€Kampuchea,€€whereÐ pÀ Ðthousands€of€human€beings€€had€lost€€their€lives.€€€They€said€that€Ô_ÔthatÔ_Ô€situation€presented€one€of€theÐ \¬ Ðgravest€ethnic€conflicts€before€the€Committee.€€€Democratic€Kampuchea€€was€€a€country€occupiedÐ H˜ Ðby€foreign€forces€and€its€government€€was€unable€to€exercise€power€in€its€own€territory.€€€It€was€toÐ 4„ Ðbe€hoped€that€the€foreign€occupation€€would€end€in€the€near€future€and€that€peaceful€solutions€couldÐ  p Ðbe€found,€enabling€the€Kampuchean€people€to€exercise€their€right€to€self„determination€and€freelyÐ  \ Ðto€elect€a€government€of€their€own€choice,€without€foreign€interference.€€It€was€pointed€out€thatÐ øH ÐDemocratic€Kampuchea€did€not€exercise€sovereignty€over€Kampuchean€territory€and€could€not€claimÐ ä4 Ðto€represent€Kampuchea€internationally.€€It€was€also€observed€that€the€allegations€against€Viet€NamÐ Ð  Ðemanated€from€a€Government€€whose€€main€component€€was€an€offshoot€of€the€Pol€Pot€regime,Ð ¼  Ðguilty€of€the€crimes€of€genocide€against€its€own€people.Ð ¨ø ÐÌ438.€€Members€of€the€Committee€drew€€the€attention€of€the€representative€of€Kampuchea€to€theÐ € Ð Ðprovisions€of€article€11€of€the€Convention€which€provided€for€a€State€party,€if€it€considered€thatÐ l!¼ Ðanother€State€party€€was€not€giving€effect€to€the€provisions€of€the€Convention,€to€bring€the€matterÐ X"¨  Ðbefore€the€Committee.€€However€the€Committee€had€to€be€seized€with€a€written€communication€toÐ D#”! Ðbegin€the€procedure€under€article€11.Ð 0$€" ÐÌ439.€€Members€of€the€Committee€€requested€€information€on€the€ethnic€composition€of€theÐ &X!$ Ðpopulation,€the€functioning€of€the€legal€system€in€Democratic€Kampuchea€and€the€criteria€used€forÐ ô&D"% Ðthe€selection€of€judges.€It€was€asked€whether€the€Government€was€already€preparing€legislationÐ à'0#& Ðwhich€might€be€of€interest€to€the€Committee.Ð Ì($' Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àÌ440.€€At€the€780òòthóó€meeting,€a€Committee€member€introduced€a€draft€decision€on€the€initial€report€ofÐ ¤*ô%) ÐKampuchea.€€At€the€802òòndóó€meeting,€he€withdrew€the€proposed€draft€decision.Ð +à&* ÐÌÐ h-¸(, ÐÑOYÑâ âÑ°°Ñâ âÑ  ÑÔ_Ô€€€€€€Ð ° ÐÌ441.€€As€the€Committee€had€already€declared,€the€occupation€of€the€territory€of€a€State€party€to€theÐ ˆØ ÐConvention€constituted€a€grave€breach€of€Convention,€particularly€if€the€organs€of€that€State€wereÐ tÄ Ðprevented€from€fulfilling€their€obligations€under€the€Convention€and€if€demographic€changes€in€theÐ `° Ðpopulation€were€imposed.Ð L œ ÐÌ442.€€Consequently,€some€members€of€the€Committee€expressed€the€hope€that€territorial€integrity€ofÐ $ t ÐKampuchea€would€be€€re„established€so€that€it€could€comply€€with€its€international€obligations€underÐ  ` Ðthe€Convention.Ð ü L  ÐÌ443.€€The€representative€of€Democratic€Kampuchea€expressed€his€thanks€to€the€members€of€theÐ Ô$  ÐCommittee€who€had€shown€their€compassion€for€the€tragic€fate€of€his€country€and€to€those€who€hadÐ À  Ðexpressed€hope€that€peace€and€freedom€would€be€restored€in€Kampuchea€soon.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ444.€€With€regard€to€the€national€minorities,€he€said€that€it€was€estimated€that€until€1950€there€hadÐ „Ô  Ðbeen€218,000€Chinese,€230,000€Vietnamese€and€100,000€Ô_ÔChamsÔ_Ô€of€the€Islamic€Faith,€in€addition€toÐ pÀ Ðother€smaller€minority€groups€inhabiting€the€mountainous€regions,€the€plateaux€and€the€areasÐ \¬ Ðbordering€on€Viet€Nam€and€Laos.€In€1957,€there€had€been€600,€000€foreigners€of€various€origins€inÐ H˜ Ðthe€country.Ð 4„ ÐÌ445.€€He€stressed€that€his€Government€€had€already€responded€on€various€occasions€to€theÐ  \ Ðaccusations€€of€genocide€of€the€Kampuchean€people:€the€very€survival€of€Democratic€KampucheaÐ øH Ðand€the€formation€of€its€coalition€Government€constituted€an€incontrovertible€refutation€€of€theÐ ä4 Ðclaims€of€the€occupiers.Ð Ð  ÐÌ446.€€With€regard€to€the€fundamental€law€and€other€laws€of€the€country,€the€coalition€governmentÐ ¨ø Ðrecognized€only€€the€common€declaration€made€at€the€time€the€Government€was€created€and€theÐ ”ä Ðeight„point€peace€proposal€unanimously€adopted€by€three€political€parties€comprising€the€coalitionÐ €Ð Ðas€the€National€Charter.Ð l¼ ÐÌ447.€€Concerning€the€violations€committed€€by€the€current€Vietnamese€authorities€against€€his€Ð D!” Ðpeople,€€the€representative€of€€Democratic€Kampuchea€reserved€the€right€to€transmit€aÐ 0"€  Ðcommunication€in€good€and€due€form€under€article€11€of€the€Convention€after€consultation€with€theÐ #l! Ðauthorities€of€Democratic€Kampuchea.Ð $X" ÐÌ448.€€Finally,€he€said€that€the€real€issue€was€that€of€life€or€death€of€an€entire€people€and€a€sovereignÐ à%0!$ ÐState.€€€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌÐ  ¤(ô#' ÐÔ‡X·èXXX·èÔò òÔ‡¼2=»XX·èÔÓ  Ó€€€CAMBODIAÔ#†X·èX»¼2=Á#ÔÐ ° ÐÓàÓÌÔ_ÔCERDÔ_Ô€A/53/18€Ô_Ô(1998)ó óÔ_ÔÐ ° ÐÌÌ281.€€The€Committee€considered€the€second,€third,€fourth,€fifth,€sixth€and€seventh€periodic€reportsÐ t Ä Ðof€Cambodia€(Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/292/Add.2)€at€its€1266th€and€1267th€meetings,€on€16€and€17€March€1998,Ð ` ° Ðand,€at€its€1273rd€meeting,€on€20€March€1998,€adopted€the€following€concluding€observations.Ð L œ ÐÌÓ  Ó€A.€òòIntroductionóóÐ $ t  ÐÓ&ÓÌ282.€€The€Committee€€welcomes€the€submission€by€Cambodia€of€its€report€after€a€long€period€of€timeÐ üL  Ðduring€which€the€dialogue€between€the€Committee€and€the€State€party€had€been€disrupted,€as€wellÐ è8  Ðas€the€presence€of€its€delegation.€€The€Committee€appreciates€the€opportunity€to€resume€the€dialogueÐ Ô$  Ðwith€the€State€party.€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€report€follows€the€guidelines€established€by€theÐ À  ÐCommittee€for€the€presentation€of€reports.€€The€Committee€regrets,€however,€that€the€report€lacksÐ ¬ü  Ðconcrete€information€on€the€practical€implementation€of€the€Convention,€and€that€many€questionsÐ ˜è Ðremained€unanswered.€€The€Committee€€welcomes€the€statement€by€the€delegation€that€it€willÐ „Ô Ðtransmit€the€questions€of€the€Committee€members€to€the€State€party.€Ð pÀ ÐÌ€B.€òòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÐ H˜ ÐÌ283.€€The€Committee€notes€that€Cambodia€is€facing€many€difficulties€that€have€an€impact€on€theÐ  p Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention.€€In€this€regard,€the€Committee€refers€in€particular€to€more€thanÐ  \ Ð20€years€of€armed€conflict;€the€€legacy€of€the€genocide€and€other€massive€crimes€perpetrated€by€theÐ øH ÐKhmer€Rouge€regime;€the€subsequent€invasion€of€the€country€by€a€neighboring€State;€theÐ ä4 Ðinternational€isolation€of€Cambodia€for€many€years;€the€insecurity€which€still€exists€in€certain€areasÐ Ð  Ðof€the€country;€the€chronic€€political€instability,€including€recent€changes€in€Government;€and€theÐ ¼  Ðvery€difficult€economic€and€social€situation.€These€circumstances€have€created€obstacles€to€theÐ ¨ø Ðbringing€to€justice€of€the€perpetrators€of€severe€violations€of€human€rights€which,€in€a€number€ofÐ ”ä Ðcases,€have€an€ethnic€dimension.Ð € Ð Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð l!¼ ÐC.€òòPositive€aspectsóóÐ X"¨  ÐÌ284.€€The€establishment€within€the€National€Assembly€of€a€Commission€on€Human€Rights€andÐ 0$€" ÐReceipt€of€Complaints,€whose€task€is€to€identify€human€rights€violations,€receive€complaints€fromÐ %l # Ðvictims€and€transmit€them€to€the€competent€€authorities€for€appropriate€action,€is€noted€withÐ &X!$ Ðappreciation.Ð ô&D"% ÐÌ285.€€The€reported€cooperation€with€the€Cambodian€office€of€the€Office€of€the€United€Nations€HighÐ Ì($' ÐCommissioner€for€Human€Rights€and€with€non-governmental€organizations€is€also€welcomed.Ð ¸)%( ÐÌ€D.€òòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÐ +à&* ÐÌ286.€€Concern€is€expressed€over€the€lack€of€independence€of€the€judiciary,€the€absence€of€theÐ h-¸(, ÐÔ_ÔConstitutional€Council€called€for€by€the€Constitution,€as€well€as€the€impunity€of€perpetrators€ofÐ ° Ðhuman€rights€violations,€violations€which€in€some€cases€include€summary€executions€and€torture.Ð œì ÐThis€contributes€to€the€serious€undermining€of€efforts€to€establish€the€rule€of€law€in€CambodiaÐ ˆØ Ðwithout€which€the€full€implementation€of€the€Convention€is€not€possible.Ð tÄ Ѐ€Ð `° Ð287.€€While€taking€note€of€article€61€of€the€Provisions€Relating€to€the€Judiciary€and€Criminal€LawÐ L œ Ðand€Procedure€Applicable€in€Cambodia€during€the€Transitional€Period,€concern€is€expressed€overÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€lack€of€legal€provisions€required€in€order€to€implement€fully€the€State€party's€obligations€underÐ $ t Ðarticle€4€of€the€Convention,€in€particular€article€4€(b)€and€(c).Ð  ` ÐÌ288.€€Concern€is€also€expressed€with€regard€to€the€insufficient€legal€framework€to€fully€implementÐ è 8  Ðthe€Convention,€in€particular€article€2,€paragraph€1€(d),€and€article€6.Ð Ô$  ÐÌ289.€€While€taking€note€of€the€1993€Constitution,€which€contains€many€provisions€relating€to€theÐ ¬ü  Ðprotection€of€human€rights,€the€fact€that€those€constitutional€provisions€refer€only€to€the€rights€ofÐ ˜è  ÐKhmer€citizens€raises€concern€with€regard€to€article€5€of€the€Convention.€Such€a€referenceÐ „Ô  Ðcontributes€to€the€ideology€of€ethnic€purity€of€the€Khmer,€which€may€lead€to€racial€discrimination,Ð pÀ Ðif€not€hatred,€against€minority€groups,€in€particular€the€ethnic€Vietnamese.Ð \¬ ÐÌ290.€€It€is€noted€with€concern€that€the€1996€Law€on€Nationality,€stating€that€Khmer€nationals€areÐ 4„ Ðthose€one€of€whose€parents€is€a€Khmer€national,€makes€it€difficult€for€persons€belonging€to€minorityÐ  p Ðgroups,€in€particular€ethnic€Vietnamese€and€indigenous€people,€to€establish€their€citizenship.Ð  \ ÐÌ291.€€The€situation€of€the€ethnic€Vietnamese€is€a€matter€of€concern,€in€particular€with€regard€to€articleÐ ä4 Ð5€of€the€Convention€relating€to€equality€of€rights.€€Ethnic€Vietnamese€are€subject€to€racistÐ Ð  Ðpropaganda,€mainly€from€the€Khmer€Rouge,€which€may€incite€hatred€against€them.€The€severalÐ ¼  Ðmassacres€of€ethnic€Vietnamese,€most€of€them€attributed€to€the€Khmer€Rouge,€have€not€beenÐ ¨ø Ðproperly€investigated.€€Alarm€is€also€expressed€over€reports€that€the€exploitation€through€prostitutionÐ ”ä Ðof€females€of€Vietnamese€origin,€in€particular€children,€is€growing.€€Concern€is€further€expressedÐ €Ð Ðabout€reports€of€racist€attitudes€among€much€of€the€Khmer€population€against€the€Cambodian-bornÐ l¼ Ðethnic€Vietnamese,€who€are€still€perceived€as€immigrants.Ð X ¨ ÐÌ292.€€Concern€is€expressed€over€the€limited€educational€facilities€in€the€villages€of€ethnicÐ 0"€  ÐVietnamese,€the€lack€of€legislation€authorizing€the€establishment€of€schools€for€them€and€theÐ #l! Ðobstacles€to€their€children€learning€the€Khmer€language.Ð $X" ÐÌ293.€€While€the€existence€of€the€Inter-Ministerial€Committee€and€its€draft€National€Policy€onÐ à%0!$ ÐHighland€Peoples€Development€is€noted,€concern€is€expressed€about€the€situation€of€the€indigenousÐ Ì&"% Ðpeoples€(also€referred€to€as€Highland€Peoples,€Khmer€Loeu€or€Hill€Tribes€Peoples),€and€to€their€lackÐ ¸'#& Ðof€legal€status,€as€well€as€the€insufficient€legal€framework€to€protect€their€rights,€culture€andÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtraditional€lands.€The€rights€of€indigenous€peoples€have€been€disregarded€in€many€governmentÐ )à$( Ðdecisions,€in€particular€those€relating€to€citizenship,€logging€concessions€and€concessions€forÐ |*Ì%) Ðindustrial€plantations.€The€lack€of€participation€of€the€indigenous€people€in€the€management€ofÐ h+¸&* Ðnatural€resources€and€in€other€activities€of€concern€to€them€is€also€a€matter€of€concern.Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ї€E.€òòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÐ ° ÐÌ294.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€all€appropriate€steps,€including€legalÐ ˆØ Ðmeasures,€to€ensure€the€independence€of€the€judiciary€and€to€establish€the€Constitutional€Council,Ð tÄ Ðwith€a€view€to€bringing€an€end€to€the€impunity€of€perpetrators€of€racial€discrimination.€€In€thisÐ `° Ðrespect,€the€Committee€emphasizes€the€need€to€investigate,€prosecute€and€punish€those€found€guiltyÐ L œ Ðof€such€crimes,€and€to€establish€confidence€in€the€rule€of€law.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ295.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€laws€be€amended€to€more€fully€reflect€the€provisions€ofÐ  ` Ðthe€Convention.€€Such€a€reform€would€constitute€a€clear€reaffirmation€by€the€Cambodian€authoritiesÐ ü L  Ðthat€racial€discrimination€is€unacceptable.€In€particular,€the€Committee€is€of€the€view€that€the€LawÐ è 8  Ðon€Nationality€should€be€revised.Ð Ô$  ÐÌ296.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€Code€of€Criminal€Procedure€and€the€Penal€Code€beÐ ¬ü  Ðenacted€as€soon€as€possible€and€reflect€the€provisions€of€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€suggestsÐ ˜è  Ðthat€the€State€party€may€wish€to€avail€itself€of€the€technical€assistance€program€of€the€Office€of€theÐ „Ô  ÐUnited€Nations€High€Commissioner€for€Human€Rights.Ð pÀ ÐÌ297.€€The€Committee€reaffirms€that€the€provisions€of€article€4€of€the€Convention€are€mandatory,€asÐ H˜ Ðstated€in€its€general€recommendation€VII.€€The€Committee€stresses€in€this€regard€that€the€State€partyÐ 4„ Ðshould€take€appropriate€steps€to€fulfil€all€its€obligations€under€this€article€and€that,€in€doing€so,€it€takeÐ  p Ðfully€into€account€general€recommendation€XV€(42)€of€17€€March€1993.Ð  \ ÐÌ298.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€action€be€taken€at€the€legislative,€administrative€and€judicialÐ ä4 Ðlevels€to€protect€the€€right€of€everyone,€including€ethnic€Vietnamese,€to€enjoy€their€rights€underÐ Ð  Ðarticle€5€of€the€Convention,€especially€the€right€to€security€of€person€and€protection€by€the€StateÐ ¼  Ðagainst€violence€or€bodily€harm,€to€public€health€and€medical€care€and€to€education€and€training.€€ItÐ ¨ø Ðfurther€recommends€that€comprehensive€information€on€the€implementation€of€the€articles€beÐ ”ä Ðprovided€in€the€next€report.Ð €Ð ÐÌ299.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€recognize€the€citizenship€of€the€indigenousÐ X ¨ Ðpeoples,€as€well€as€their€use€of€lands,€forests€and€other€natural€resources,€and€their€distinct€andÐ D!” Ðunique€identity,€culture€and€€way€of€life.€€The€Committee€further€recommends€that€the€State€partyÐ 0"€  Ðtake€steps€to€fully€implement€its€general€recommendation€XXIII€(51)€of€18€August€1997,€whichÐ #l! Ðaddresses€the€rights€of€indigenous€peoples€under€the€Convention.€€In€particular,€the€State€party€shouldÐ $X" Ðensure€that€no€decisions€directly€relating€to€the€rights€and€interests€of€indigenous€peoples€are€takenÐ ô$D # Ðwithout€their€informed€consent.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ300.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€ensure€protection€against€any€acts€of€racialÐ ¸'#& Ðdiscrimination€through€the€competent€courts,€in€accordance€with€article€6€of€the€Convention,€by,€òòinteróóÐ ¤(ô#' Ðòòaliaóó,€strengthening€the€court€system,€the€independence€of€the€judiciary€and€the€confidence€of€theÐ )à$( Ðpopulation€therein.€€It€further€recommends€that€the€right€to€seek€just€and€adequate€reparation€forÐ |*Ì%) Ðvictims€of€racial€discrimination€be€guaranteed€in€law€and€practice.Ð h+¸&* ÐÌ301.€€In€connection€with€the€implementation€of€article€7€of€the€Convention,€the€CommitteeÐ @-(, Ðrecommends€that€all€necessary€measures€be€taken€to€provide€training€and€education€of€lawÐ ° Ðenforcement€officers,€civil€servants,€judges€and€lawyers,€as€well€as€teachers€and€students,€at€all€levelsÐ œì Ðof€education,€and€the€public€at€large,€in€the€field€of€human€rights€and€prevention€of€racialÐ ˆØ Ðdiscrimination.Ð tÄ ÐÌ302.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party,€in€preparing€its€next€report,€take€account€ofÐ L œ Ðthese€conclusions€and€recommendations.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ303.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€ratify€the€amendments€to€article€8,€paragraphÐ  ` Ð6,€of€the€Convention,€adopted€on€15€January€1992€at€the€Fourteenth€Meeting€of€States€Parties€to€theÐ ü L  ÐConvention.Ð è 8  ÐÌ304.€€It€is€noted€that€the€State€party€has€not€made€the€declaration€provided€for€in€article€14€of€theÐ À  ÐConvention,€and€some€members€of€the€Committee€request€that€the€possibility€of€such€a€declarationÐ ¬ü  Ðbe€considered.Ð ˜è  ÐÌ305.€€The€Committee€invites€the€State€party€to€submit€its€next€report,€due€on€28€December€1998,€inÐ pÀ Ðtime€for€the€fifty-fourth€session€of€the€Committee,€and€suggests€that€it€be€a€comprehensive€report.Ð \¬ ÐIt€should€provide€replies€to€the€questions€raised€during€the€consideration€of€the€previous€report€andÐ H˜ Ðaddress€all€the€points€raised€in€the€present€concluding€observations.Ô#†X·èXXX·èŸ#Ô