ÿWPCî ƹZæÖü6öLçzàdx‰ãh§$lÄщ~¨Å;§°šÄ‡ã| CÀ㻾ôÕyï|‡¼k,ØÊAÞ=É‹Ãe9SÜ•õqHlËšÙ[ ë Ò%‹®»š&(Ô‹G©ÔpŒÉ$µX;B ë"Æí®“ôIoné¼=û…cXǸ‡ÁwŠX ¢¨­t¸›èUxü‚BP¡*0L»öѱHó'%`?5Èp=Çk¯'ï0¦”nÿ¼ý<¶Ð…<8´ zBlóø… 9WN»ìºëªäq8§t9(ŽQ9øÁ†>:B;–p)Ârû», j€µªB‡¹LJÓëÖßY U§†ŠiÕ?#F'OOZÖØÞ¶‹²Ö¡½¨zФr©§µDA€öâ±Ú®²ÍüD¥íÉßsàˆÆÕ/5Ø]*v˜4ÐÑ0¼caz>r„.쵋½¹Ô­ÕóÙܾ¾åØyȾ»kâY3t ‡?ýÑ‚ÂÔ¶Žë“¯bŽåš#Ç>;4Š\œø‘»<›÷ÆiµÕ»,ÚUÇ4%î&¶þµ÷§>vÎz gÀSwÿ¿?±{£èì‚ãx€-äíh•ËAY.@{ݱFÌ6{¬mA¢XÍck†wùšÄéO_#Á2UNó %A 0:G ^ w 4‘ ¥ ´ m¶ Í 1‡Õ 72\ 1uŽ 72 0c5 1‡˜ 72 ÆQ Æ ÆÝ Æ£ÆiN// B1ENNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN A«PPPP D-ûÆ(˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÙØÙÙØÈÙ0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô4¶\, ½ha+”‡¤Ÿ3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ (5hCEKQW]cioAutoList11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. 1.3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à(EhCEKQW]cioAutoList21.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 d^]&Draw Object °°=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKK)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx€Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òÔ‡¼g(»XXÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓCONGOÔ#†X)¶X»¼g(@#Ôó óÐ ° ÐÓkÓÌÌò òÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô€€A/42/40€(1987)ó óÐ “ã ÐÌÌ224.€€The€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€the€Congo€(Ô_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/36/Add.2)€at€its€732òòndóó,Ð O Ÿ Ð733òòrdóó€and€736òòthóó€meetings,€on€7€and€9€July€1987€(Ô_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/SR..732,€733€and€736).Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ225.€€The€report€was€introduced€by€the€representative€of€the€State€party,€who€referred€to€the€mainÐ  Z  Ðprovisions€of€the€Congolese€Constitution€of€1979,€as€amended€in€1984,€guaranteeing€rights€andÐ ó C  Ðfundamental€freedoms€in€his€country.€€He€also€outlined€Congolese€legislation€on€civil€and€politicalÐ Ü,  Ðrights,€in€particular,€and€mentioned€the€support€that€his€country€was€giving€at€the€international€levelÐ Å  Ðto€efforts€to€combat€òòapartheidóó€and€to€national€liberation€movements.Ð ®þ  ÐÌ226.€€The€members€of€the€Committee€welcomed€the€fruitful€dialogue€that€had€recently€been€initiatedÐ €Ð  Ðbetween€the€Congolese€Government€and€the€Committee.€€They€nevertheless€noted€that€the€report€ofÐ i¹ Ðthe€Congo€was€limited€to€references€to€the€text€of€articles€of€the€Constitution€and€laws,€and€did€notÐ R¢ Ðcontain€sufficient€information€on€the€practical€implementation€of€legal€and€constitutional€provisionsÐ ;‹ Ðin€the€Congo€or€on€their€interpretation€by€the€competent€judicial€and€administrative€organs.€€TheyÐ $t Ðstated€that€it€would€be€useful€for€the€Committee€to€have€examples€of€case„law€and€administrativeÐ  ] Ðand€judicial€decisions€in€order€to€be€able€to€assess€the€extent€to€which€the€Covenant€wasÐ öF Ðimplemented€in€the€Congo.€€It€would€also€be€helpful€if€the€Congolese€Government€could€provideÐ ß/ Ðinformation€on€cultural,€economic€and€social€factors€that€might€affect€implementation€of€theÐ È ÐCovenant€in€the€Congo,€and€on€any€other€institutional€or€legal€difficulty€encountered€in€efforts€toÐ ± Ðattain€the€objectives€of€the€Covenant.€€In€addition,€the€report€referred€to€the€amendments€made€toÐ šê Ðthe€Congolese€Constitution€in€1980€and€1984;€it€would€be€helpful€if€the€Committee€could€be€toldÐ ƒÓ Ðwhat€those€amendments€were.Ð l¼ ÐÌ227.€€Referring€to€article€2€of€the€Covenant,€the€members€of€the€Committee€asked€what€the€actualÐ >Ž Ðsituation€of€the€Covenant€was€in€the€Congolese€legal€system€and,€in€the€event€of€a€discrepancyÐ ' w Ðbetween€a€law€and€the€Covenant,€which€of€the€two€texts€was€applied€and€what€measures€had€beenÐ !` Ðtaken€in€the€Congo€to€publicize€the€rights€that€could€be€exercised€by€private€individuals.€€They€alsoÐ ù!I  Ðasked€whether€schoolchildren€and€members€of€the€police€and€armed€forces€received€training€on€thatÐ â"2! Ðsubject,€whether€the€text€of€the€Covenant€had€been€translated€into€languages€other€than€French,Ð Ë#" Ðwhether€a€private€individual€could€directly€invoke€the€provisions€of€the€Covenant€in€the€courts€orÐ ´$ # Ðwhether€that€possibility€was€subject€to€the€gradual€incorporation€of€those€provisions€within€theÐ %í $ ÐConstitution,€and€whether€courts€had€handed€down€decisions€concerning€provisions€of€the€CovenantÐ †&Ö!% Ðthat€had€not€yet€been€incorporated€within€domestic€Congolese€law.€€It€was€noted€that€almost€allÐ o'¿"& Ðprovisions€of€the€Congolese€Constitution€referred€to€the€rights€of€citizens€and€it€was€asked€whetherÐ X(¨#' Ðor€not€the€rights€provided€for€in€the€Covenant€were€extended€to€aliens€in€the€Congo.€€It€was€alsoÐ A)‘$( Ðnoted€that,€under€covenant€were€extended€to€aliens€in€the€Congo.€€It€was€also€noted€that,€underÐ **z%) Ðarticle€119€of€the€Congolese€Constitution,€the€Constitutional€Council€could€declare€a€treatyÐ +c&* Ðcommitment€to€be€unconstitutional,€and€it€was€asked€whether€such€a€case€had€already€arisen€andÐ ü+L'+ Ðwhether€there€was€a€time„limit€for€the€denunciation€of€an€international€instrument,€as€provided€forÐ å,5(, Ðin€the€Vienna€Convention€on€the€Law€of€Treaties€between€States€and€International€OrganizationsÐ Î-)- ÐÔ_Ôor€between€International€Organizations.€€òò8óó/€Ð ° ÐÌ228.€€In€connection€with€article€3€of€the€Covenant,€members€of€the€Committee€asked€whatÐ ‚Ò Ðpercentage€of€women€in€the€Congo€were€members€of€the€Peopleððs€National€Assembly€and€theÐ k» Ðvarious€judicial€bodies,€taught€in€schools€and€universities,€and€worked€in€undertakings,€what€theÐ T¤ Ðconditions€limiting€the€right€to€vote€in€accordance€with€the€law€were€and€whether€specific€examplesÐ =  Ðcould€be€given€of€the€equality€of€men€and€women€in€the€family,€divorce€proceedings,€Ô_ÔlabourÔ_ÔÐ & v Ðlegislation€and€remuneration€for€work.Ð  _ ÐÌ229.€€Referring€to€article€4€of€the€Covenant,€members€of€the€Committee€asked€in€what€circumstancesÐ á 1  Ðthe€President€of€the€Congo€could€proclaim€a€state€of€emergency€or€a€state€of€siege,€what€the€natureÐ Ê   Ðof€the€special€powers€that€were€conferred€on€him€in€such€a€situation€was,€what€monitoring€powersÐ ³  Ðwere€held€by€the€Peopleððs€National€Assembly€concerning€the€duration€of€the€state€of€emergency€orÐ œì  Ðstate€of€siege,€and€whether€there€was€a€òòhabeas€corpusóó€procedure€or€other€remedies€against€violationsÐ …Õ  Ðof€Covenant€provisions€during€that€period.€€It€was€also€asked€whether€a€state€of€emergency€had€everÐ n¾  Ðbeen€declared€in€the€Congo€and,€if€so,€what€rights€had€been€restricted.Ð W§  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àÌ230.€€In€connection€with€article€6€of€the€Covenant,€members€of€the€Committee€inquired€what€crimesÐ )y Ðcarried€the€death€penalty€in€the€Congo,€how€many€persons€under€sentence€of€death€had€beenÐ b Ðexecuted€during€the€past€five€years,€what€the€infant€mortality€rate€in€the€Congo€was€and€whatÐ ûK Ðmeasures€had€been€taken€to€combat€epidemics€or€food€shortages.€€Reference€was€made€to€theÐ ä4 Ðinformation€that€a€defendant€under€the€age€of€16€could€be€acquitted€and€handed€over€to€his€parents,Ð Í Ðdepending€on€the€circumstances€in€question,€and€it€was€asked€how€responsibility€for€correctiveÐ ¶ Ðmeasures€could€be€transferred€to€the€parents€and€what€the€judicial€practice€was€in€that€connection.€Ð Ÿï ÐClarification€was€sought€on€the€exact€meaning€and€scope€of€the€text€of€article€7€of€the€CongoleseÐ ˆØ ÐConstitution€concerning€protection€of€the€person.Ð qÁ ÐÌ231.€€With€regard€to€articles€7€and€10€of€the€Covenant,€members€of€the€Committee€asked€whetherÐ C“ Ðmembers€of€the€police€and€armed€forces,€medical€and€prison€personnel,€persons€responsible€forÐ ,| Ðinterrogations€and€other€officials€were€given€instruction€in€the€requirements€of€the€ConventionÐ e Ðagainst€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€the€Code€ofÐ þN ÐConduct€for€Law€Enforcement€Officials€and€the€Standard€Minimum€rules€for€the€Treatment€ofÐ ç 7 ÐPrisoners.€€They€also€asked€what€administrative,€legislative€and€other€measures€were€in€effect€toÐ Ð!   Ðprevent€torture,€whether€any€cases€of€torture€had€been€reported,€whether€allegations€of€torture€wereÐ ¹" ! Ðthe€subject€of€an€independent€investigation,€whether€confessions€obtained€under€torture€wereÐ ¢#ò" Ðadmissible€in€the€courts,€and€whether€police€or€prison€personnel€had€been€prosecuted€for€suchÐ ‹$Û# Ðviolations€of€human€rights.€€In€addition,€the€members€of€the€Committee€asked€what€regulations€wereÐ t%Ä $ Ðin€force€in€places€of€detention,€what€organ€supervised€places€of€detention,€in€what€circumstancesÐ ]&­!% Ðdetainees€could€be€subjected€to€rigorous€imprisonment,€what€the€most€severe€punishments€imposedÐ F'–"& Ðin€places€of€detention€in€accordance€with€the€law€were€and€what€rules€governed€visits€by€relativesÐ /(#' Ðand€lawyers€of€detainees.Ð )h$( ÐÌßA€)¹T,ŒdE¹T,ŒAßÌòòÌà  à8óó/€€United€Nations,€òòJuridical€Yearbook€1969óó€(United€Nations€publication,€Sales€No.Ð ¼, (, ÐE.71.Ô_ÔV.4Ô_Ô),€p.€140.€Ð ¥-õ(- Ї232.€€In€connection€with€article€8€of€the€Covenant,€it€was€recalled€that€the€Congolese€practice€ofÐ ° Ðforced€Ô_ÔlabourÔ_Ô,€known€as€ð ðcompulsory€Ô_ÔlabourÔ_Ô€in€the€social€interestðð,€had€prompted€ILO€to€expressÐ ™é Ðits€concern€in€1985€and€information€was€requested€on€the€current€situation€in€that€respect.€€It€wasÐ ‚Ò Ðalso€noted€that€the€report€of€the€Congo€did€not€indicate€what€law€prohibited€slavery€and€traffickingÐ k» Ðin€slaves€in€that€country,€in€the€absence€of€an€explicit€provision€of€the€Constitution.Ð T¤ ÐÌ233.€€With€regard€to€article€9€of€the€Covenant,€members€inquired€whether€persons€detained€withoutÐ & v Ðtrial,€in€particular€for€their€political€opinions,€had€remedies€similar€to€òòhabeas€corpusóó€or€òòÔ_ÔamparoÔ_Ôóó,Ð  _ Ðwhether€the€courts€could€rule€on€cases€of€unlawful€detention,€and€in€what€circumstances€theÐ ø H Ðmaximum€legal€time„limit€for€custody€could€be€doubled€and€the€time„limit€for€detention€extended.Ð á 1  ÐÌ234.€€In€connection€with€article€11€of€the€Covenant,€it€was€recalled€that€the€Congolese€GovernmentÐ ³  Ðhad€expressed€a€reservation€on€that€article;€members€asked€whether€the€Congolese€authorities€hadÐ œì  Ðconsidered€amending€the€existing€legislation€and€withdrawing€that€reservation.Ð …Õ  ÐÌ235.€€In€relation€to€article€13€of€the€Covenant,€members€of€the€Committee€noted€that€an€alien€couldÐ W§  Ðonly€be€expelled€from€the€country€following€a€judicial€decision,€with€the€exception€of€expulsionsÐ @ Ðordered€by€the€political€authorities€involving€various€considerations€relating€to€national€sovereignty;Ð )y Ðthey€asked€what€law€applied€in€that€case€in€the€Congo€and€in€which€cases€expulsion€was€ordered€byÐ b Ðthe€political€authorities.€€They€also€asked€whether€the€remedy€available€to€aliens€in€the€CongoÐ ûK Ðagainst€an€expulsion€order€had€a€suspensive€effect€and€what€the€exact€significance€of€expulsion€asÐ ä4 Ðan€accessory€penalty€was.Ð Í ÐÌ236.€€In€connection€with€article€14€of€the€Covenant,€the€members€of€the€Committee€referred,€òòinterÐ Ÿï Ðaliaóó,€to€the€observations€made€by€the€Congo€regarding€the€Committeeððs€general€comments€on€theÐ ˆØ Ðprovisions€of€that€article€(Ô_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/40).€€They€inquired€what€legal€provisions€existed€in€the€CongoÐ qÁ Ðto€ensure€the€independence€and€impartiality€of€judicial€bodies€and€lawyers,€whether€thatÐ Zª Ðindependence€manifested€itself€only€at€the€trial€stage€or€whether€it€also€characterized€the€stages€priorÐ C“ Ðto€judicial€proceedings,€by€whom€and€for€what€reasons€judges€could€be€dismissed€or€transferred,Ð ,| Ðwhether€magistrates€from€the€Government€Attorneyððs€Office€received€only€instructions€concerningÐ e Ðthe€case€before€them€or€more€general€guidelines,€and€in€what€circumstances€special€courts€could€beÐ þN Ðinstituted.€€They€also€asked€whether€special€courts€had€already€been€set€up€and€in€whatÐ ç 7 Ðcircumstances,€what€procedure€was€followed€for€the€appointment€of€judges€to€those€courts,€whetherÐ Ð!   Ðthe€special€courts€followed€a€particular€procedure€or€whether€they€applied€the€Code€of€PenalÐ ¹" ! ÐProcedure,€and€whether€their€decisions€were€susceptible€of€appeal€or€cassation.€€In€addition,€€furtherÐ ¢#ò" Ðinformation€and€explanations€were€sought€about€ð ðnon„professionalðð€magistrates€and€the€systemÐ ‹$Û# Ðwhereby€the€promotion€roster€for€judges€ceased€to€be€valid€at€the€end€of€the€year€for€which€it€hadÐ t%Ä $ Ðbeen€drawn€up€and€inclusion€on€eligibility€lists€was€final.€€Details€were€also€requested€concerningÐ ]&­!% Ðthe€nature€of€the€revolutionary€courts.€€Members€inquired€whether€the€Directorate€General€for€StateÐ F'–"& ÐSecurity€was€subject€to€supervision€by€the€judiciary€or€other€independent€institutions,€what€theÐ /(#' Ðprocedure€was€for€exercising€the€right€to€lodge€a€complaint€against€state€organs,€as€provided€for€inÐ )h$( Ðarticle€28€of€the€Congolese€Constitution,€and€whether€a€party€in€a€civil€or€criminal€trial€was€allowedÐ *Q%) Ðto€express€himself€in€a€language€other€than€French.Ð ê*:&* ÐÌ237.€€In€connection€with€article€17€of€the€Covenant,€details€were€requested€on€the€means€of€legalÐ ¼, (, Ðprotection€existing€in€the€Congo€against€intrusion€upon€privacy€and€on€remedies€for€victims€ofÐ ¥-õ(- Ðhuman€rights€violations€of€that€type.Ð ° ÐÌ238.€€On€the€question€of€freedom€of€religion,€as€embodied€in€article€18€of€the€Covenant,€membersÐ ‚Ò Ðof€the€€Committee€requested€further€information€on€the€meaning€of€article€18€of€the€CongoleseÐ k» ÐConstitution€providing€that€religion€might€not€be€used€ð ðfor€political€endsðð,€on€possible€cases€inÐ T¤ Ðwhich€that€provision€had€been€implemented€and€on€the€existence€at€least€of€a€law€defining€the€actsÐ =  Ðin€question.€€They€also€asked€what€religions€existed€in€the€Congo,€whether€there€were€any€statisticsÐ & v Ðon€those€religions,€how€they€were€organized€and€whether€the€churches€were€subsidized€by€the€State,Ð  _ Ðwhether€there€were€religious€minorities€in€the€Congo€and,€if€so,€what€their€legal€status€was.Ð ø H ÐÌ239.€€Several€questions€were€asked€about€articles€19,€21€and€22€of€the€Covenant.€€Members€of€theÐ Ê   ÐCommittee€asked,€in€particular,€what€the€conditions€determined€by€law,€as€referred€to€in€article€16Ð ³  Ðof€the€Congolese€Constitution€were€for€exercising€the€freedoms€of€expression€and€association,€whatÐ œì  Ðrestrictions€were€imposed€on€the€formation€and€organization€of€political€parties€and€trade€unions,Ð …Õ  Ðwhether€there€were€limitations€on€freedom€of€expression€in€the€Congo€and,€in€particular,€on€theÐ n¾  Ðdissemination€of€information€by€the€national€and€foreign€press€and€by€other€media,€whether€thereÐ W§  Ðwere€official€censorship€organs€and,€if€so,€€what€their€powers€were,€whether€they€Ô_ÔpractisedÔ_ÔÐ @ Ðpreventive€or€repressive€censorship,€in€particular€of€national€and€foreign€literature,€how€many€dailyÐ )y Ðnewspapers€and€radio€and€television€stations€existed€in€the€Congo€and€to€whom€they€belonged€orÐ b Ðby€whom€they€were€controlled,€and€whether€censorship€decisions€could€be€challenged€in€the€courts.€Ð ûK ÐSome€members€of€the€Committee€also€asked€about€the€compatibility€of€the€establishment€of€a€single„Ð ä4 Ðparty€political€system€in€the€Congo€with€the€provisions€of€article€19,€paragraph€1,€of€the€CovenantÐ Í Ðand€of€the€creation€of€a€trade„union€monopoly€with€the€provisions€of€article€22€of€the€Covenant,Ð ¶ Ðabout€the€role€of€the€masses€as€referred€to€in€article€3€of€the€Congolese€Constitution€and€about€theÐ Ÿï Ðway€in€which€the€representatives€of€the€people€were€responsible€to€the€organs€of€the€single€party,Ð ˆØ Ðin€accordance€with€article€5€of€the€Constitution.€€They€also€requested€clarification€concerning€articleÐ qÁ Ð29€of€the€Constitution,€in€accordance€with€which€Congolese€citizens€could€not€exercise€rightsÐ Zª Ðconferred€on€them€by€the€Constitution€to€amend€the€constitutional€order€of€the€Peopleððs€RepublicÐ C“ Ðof€the€Congo€ð ðfor€anti„democratic€purposesðð.Ð ,| ÐÌ240.€€In€connection€with€article€23€of€the€Covenant,€members€asked€whether€the€CongoleseÐ þN ÐGovernment€€felt€that€any€traditional€attitudes€that€might€continue€to€exist€in€the€Congo€createdÐ ç 7 Ðdifficulties€concerning€the€equality€of€the€spouses€with€regard€to€marriage,€during€marriage€and€atÐ Ð!   Ðthe€time€of€its€dissolution.Ð ¹" ! ÐÌ241.€€In€connection€with€article€25€of€the€Covenant,€members€inquired€how€candidates€were€chosenÐ ‹$Û# Ðfor€elections€to€the€Congolese€Peopleððs€National€Assembly.Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌ242.€€With€regard€to€article€27€of€the€Covenant,€members€of€the€Committee€asked€about€theÐ F'–"& Ðcomposition€of€the€Congolese€population€by€ethnic€group,€by€language€and€by€religious€belief.Ð /(#' ÐÌ243.€€Replying€to€the€questions€asked€by€the€members€of€the€Committee,€the€representative€of€theÐ *Q%) ÐState€party€outlined€the€efforts€and€objectives€of€the€Congolese€public€authorities€in€the€area€ofÐ ê*:&* Ðsocial€policy€and€pointed€out€that€the€amendments€to€the€1979€Constitution€had€related€only€to€theÐ Ó+#'+ Ðpowers€of€the€President€of€the€Republic€as€Head€of€Government€and€to€the€establishment€of€aÐ ¼, (, ÐConstitutional€Council€having€powers€that€had€until€then€been€conferred€on€the€Supreme€Court.Ð ¥-õ(- Ї244.€€Referring€to€article€2€of€the€Covenant€he€said€that€the€Congo€respected€the€principle€thatÐ ° Ðtreaties€had€priority€over€the€law€and€that€the€force€of€the€Covenant€outweighed€that€of€domestic€law.€Ð ™é ÐHowever,€it€had€not€yet€happened€that€a€citizen€had€invoked€a€provision€of€the€Covenant€in€aÐ ‚Ò ÐCongolese€court.€€The€Covenant€was€publicized€in€universities,€schools€and€cultural€institutions,€andÐ k» Ðradio€and€television€carried€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô€describing€various€concepts€of€law€and€public€freedoms€inÐ T¤ ÐFrench€and€reported€court€proceedings€in€the€two€national€languages.€€In€the€courts,€ð ðpeopleððs€legalÐ =  Ðinformation€Ô_ÔcentresÔ_Ôðð,€composed€of€judges,€lawyers€and€clerks€of€the€court,€provided€all€necessaryÐ & v Ðinformation€to€Congolese€citizens€or€aliens.€€The€information€was€given€in€French€and€in€the€twoÐ  _ Ðnational€languages.€€The€term€ð ðcitizenðð€had€been€used€in€the€Constitution€because€that€instrumentÐ ø H Ðhad€been€drafted€primarily€for€the€benefit€of€the€Congolese,€but€it€did€not€imply€discriminationÐ á 1  Ðagainst€aliens€in€judicial€matters.Ð Ê   ÐÌ245.€€On€the€question€of€the€principle€of€equality€of€men€and€women€as€set€forth€in€article€3€of€theÐ œì  ÐCovenant,€he€stated€that€in€his€country€several€women€occupied€senior€positions€in€political€life,€inÐ …Õ  Ðpublic€administration,€in€the€army€and€in€the€professions,€and€that€the€Family€Code€recognized€theÐ n¾  Ðjoint€authority€of€both€parents€over€children.Ð W§  ÐÌ246.€€Referring€to€article€4€of€the€Covenant,€he€said€that,€in€the€event€of€the€proclamation€of€a€stateÐ )y Ðof€emergency€or€a€state€of€siege,€the€powers€of€the€President€of€the€Republic€could€be€conferred€inÐ b Ðaccordance€with€the€Constitution€only€in€exceptional€circumstances,€but€that€constitutional€provisionÐ ûK Ðhad€never€been€implemented.Ð ä4 ÐÌ247.€€With€regard€to€article€6€of€the€Covenant,€he€explained€that,€under€the€Congolese€Penal€Code,Ð ¶ Ðthe€death€penalty€could€be€pronounced€only€in€cases€of€assassination,€poisoning,€patricide,€murder€„Ð Ÿï Ðwhen€it€had€preceded€or€accompanied€another€crime€„€and€conspiracy,€as€Ô_ÔpractisedÔ_Ô,€for€example,€byÐ ˆØ Ðthe€secret€society€known€as€ð ðÔ_ÔAndzimbaÔ_Ôðð,€which€pursued€criminal€purposes.€€During€the€past€fiveÐ qÁ Ðyears,€five€death€sentences€had€been€pronounced€in€the€Congo,€but€none€had€been€carried€out.€€HeÐ Zª Ðalso€gave€explanations€on€cases€in€which€a€person€sentenced€to€death€by€the€Criminal€Court€couldÐ C“ Ðbring€his€case€before€the€Supreme€Court;€if€the€Supreme€Court€overturned€the€decision€of€theÐ ,| ÐCriminal€Court,€the€former€had€the€right€to€reach€a€final€judgment.€€Minors€under€the€age€of€18€wereÐ e Ðtried€by€the€juvenile€courts,€in€accordance€with€the€Code€of€Penal€Procedure;€minors€wereÐ þN Ðanswerable€for€criminal€matters,€but€the€father€was€answerable€for€civil€matters.Ð ç 7 ÐÌ248.€€In€connection€with€article€8€of€the€Covenant,€he€explained€that€the€concept€of€forced€Ô_ÔlabourÔ_ÔÐ ¹" ! Ðexisted€in€the€Congo€only€in€name,€being€used€in€the€Penal€Code,€which€was€in€the€process€of€beingÐ ¢#ò" Ðrevised;€in€practice,€only€minor€tasks€were€involved.Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌ249.€€With€regard€to€article€9€of€the€Covenant,€he€referred€to€the€question€of€custody,€which€wasÐ ]&­!% Ðgoverned€by€articles€46€ff.€of€the€Code€of€Penal€Procedure.€€In€urban€districts€with€a€court€of€firstÐ F'–"& Ðinstance,€where€there€existed€serious€and€concordant€evidence€against€a€person€such€as€to€justify€hisÐ /(#' Ðbeing€charged,€the€police€were€required€to€bring€him€before€the€Public€Prosecutor€after€not€moreÐ )h$( Ðthan€72€hours€in€custody.€€That€time„limit€could€be€extended€by€a€further€48€hours€through€writtenÐ *Q%) Ðauthorization€of€the€Public€Prosecutor€or€the€examining€magistrate.€€In€places€containing€divisionsÐ ê*:&* Ðof€courts€of€first€instance€and€courts€of€minor€jurisdiction,€extension€of€the€time„limit€on€custody€wasÐ Ó+#'+ Ðgranted€in€the€light€of€each€case€by€the€divisional€judge€or€the€judge€of€minor€jurisdiction.€€TheÐ ¼, (, Ðabove„mentioned€time„limits€were€doubled€outside€urban€districts€containing€a€court€of€firstÐ ¥-õ(- Ðinstance,€a€court€of€minor€jurisdiction€or€a€divisional€court.€€Provisional€detention€or€detentionÐ ° Ðpending€trial€was€governed€by€articles€111€ff.€of€the€Code€of€Penal€Procedure€and€was€imposedÐ ™é Ðwithout€distinction€between€Congolese€and€aliens.€€Any€material€error€involving€the€time€spent€byÐ ‚Ò Ðan€individual€in€provisional€detention€was€susceptible€of€redress€in€the€sentence.€€The€detainee€couldÐ k» Ðbe€freely€visited€by€his€lawyers€and€relatives€and€could€also€receive€authorization,€issued€by€theÐ T¤ Ðcompetent€judge,€to€travel€to€his€home.Ð =  ÐÌ250.€€In€connection€with€article€13€of€the€Covenant,€the€representative€of€the€Congo€said€that€aliensÐ  _ Ðcould€be€expelled€by€administrative€or€judicial€order.€€If€an€alien€was€sentenced€to€a€custodialÐ ø H Ðpenalty,€the€court€was€required€to€order€the€principal€penalty€to€be€accompanied€by€the€accessoryÐ á 1  Ðpenalty€of€expulsion€from€the€national€territory,€which€was€executed€even€if€the€person€concernedÐ Ê   Ðappealed€against€the€courtððs€decision.Ð ³  ÐÌ251.€€Referring€to€article€14€of€the€Covenant,€he€outlined€the€judicial€system€of€his€country€as€it€hadÐ …Õ  Ðbeen€€determined€by€Act€No.€53/83€of€21€April€1983.€€He€explained,€òòinter€aliaóó,€that€non„professionalÐ n¾  Ðmagistrates€were€citizens€from€all€walks€of€life€and€all€occupations€who€sat,€deliberated€and€passedÐ W§  Ðjudgement€alongside€professional€judges€in€all€courts,€with€the€exception€of€military€courts,€with€theÐ @ Ðaim€of€democratizing€justice.€€Non„professional€magistrates€in€the€Supreme€Court€were€appointedÐ )y Ðby€the€Peopleððs€National€Assembly.€€Judges€were€appointed€by€decree€of€the€President€of€theÐ b ÐRepublic,€but€enjoyed€very€great€independence.€€They€were€required€to€observe€the€law€throughoutÐ ûK Ðthe€judicial€proceedings€and€not€only€at€the€time€of€passing€judgement.€€Lawyers,€also,€enjoyedÐ ä4 Ðcomplete€independence€and€any€person€could€freely€choose€his€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€counsel€or€secure€a€court„Ð Í Ðappointed€counsel.€€The€language€used€during€trials€was€French€or€the€national€language€of€theÐ ¶ Ðdefendant€if€that€was€the€only€language€he€knew.€€Interpreters€were€available€for€aliens.€€All€theÐ Ÿï Ðprinciples€relating€to€the€rights€of€the€Ô_ÔdefenceÔ_Ô€were€guaranteed€in€emergency€courts€and€decisionsÐ ˆØ Ðhanded€down€by€those€courts€could€be€the€subject€of€an€appeal€for€pardon€to€the€President€of€theÐ qÁ ÐRepublic.€€The€administrative€tribunals€ruled€on€appeals€against€State€organs,€in€accordance€withÐ Zª Ðarticle€28€of€the€Congolese€Constitution.Ð C“ ÐÌ252.€€In€connection€with€article€18€of€the€Covenant,€he€explained€that€the€constitutional€provisionÐ e Ðforbidding€the€use€of€religion€for€political€ends€had€been€prompted€by€the€existence€in€the€CongoÐ þN Ðof€a€religious€movement€that€had€originated€in€colonial€times€and€had€consistently€opposed€a€numberÐ ç 7 Ðof€political€or€administrative€acts€by€the€central€authorities.€€He€further€informed€the€Committee€thatÐ Ð!   Ðthe€establishment€of€cults€in€the€Congo€was€governed€by€Act€No.€2180€of€10€October€1980.€€SevenÐ ¹" ! Ðreligious€movements€had€been€authorized€and€there€were€also€more€than€50€religious€sects€in€theÐ ¢#ò" ÐCongo.Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌ253.€€Referring€to€articles€19€and€22€of€the€Covenant,€he€listed€the€titles€of€the€national€newspapersÐ ]&­!% Ðand€foreign€publications€available€in€the€Congo€and€said€that€Congolese€radio€and€television€wereÐ F'–"& Ðmaking€a€considerable€effort€to€give€the€public€information€in€French€and€in€the€two€nationalÐ /(#' Ðlanguages.€€For€the€purposes€of€creating€an€association€in€his€country,€the€statutes€of€the€associationÐ )h$( Ðmust€be€deposited€with€the€Ministry€of€the€Interior;€the€association€could€not€be€a€political€partyÐ *Q%) Ðsince€that€would€be€incompatible€with€the€single„party€principle.€€Ð ê*:&* ÐÌ254.€€The€members€of€the€Committee€thanked€the€representative€of€the€Congo€for€his€replies€toÐ ¼, (, Ðseveral€of€their€questions.€€They€nevertheless€observed€that€more€information€was€necessary€in€orderÐ ¥-õ(- Ðto€understand€more€clearly€the€mechanism€for€the€implementation€of€the€Covenant€in€the€Congo,€inÐ ° Ðparticular€on€the€following€subjects:€the€concept€of€citizenship,€the€absolute€prohibition€of€torture,Ð ™é Ðthe€system€of€appeal€on€the€legality€of€an€arrest€or€detention,€freedom€of€expression€and€censorship,Ð ‚Ò Ðand€the€status€of€religious€minorities.Ð k» ÐÌ255.€€In€conclusion,€the€Chairman€said€that€a€constructive€dialogue€had€been€started€between€theÐ =  ÐCommittee€and€the€Congolese€Government,€in€whose€second€periodic€report€the€Committee€hopedÐ & v Ðto€receive€further€information€on€those€questions€on€which€clarification€had€been€sought€andÐ  _ Ðobservations€regarding€the€general€comments€made€by€the€Committee€on€several€provisions€of€theÐ ø H ÐCovenant.Ð á 1  ÐÌÐ  ³  Ðò òÔUKUS.,ÔÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔA/55/40Ô_Ô€Ô_Ô(2000)ó óÔ_ÔÐ ° ÐÌÌ260.à  àThe€Committee€considered€the€second€periodic€report€of€the€Republic€of€the€CongoÐ l¼ Ð(Ô_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/63/Add.5)€at€its€1813th€and€1814th€meetings€(Ô_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/SR.1813€and€1814),€held€on€13Ð U¥ Ðand€14€March€2000,€and€adopted€the€following€concluding€observations€at€its€1823th€and€1824thÐ > Ž Ðmeetings,€held€on€21€and€22€March€2000.Ð ' w ÐÌ1.€€òòIntroductionóóÐ ù I ÐÌ261.à  àThe€Committee€welcomed€with€interest€the€submission€of€the€second€periodic€report€of€theÐ Ë   ÐRepublic€of€the€Congo€and€the€supplementary€written€information€provided€on€the€period€since€theÐ ´  Ðsubmission€of€that€report.€€It€also€noted€the€delegation's€commitment€to€submit€additionalÐ í  Ðinformation€on,€inter€alia,€the€implementation€of€the€Covenant€by€the€Congolese€courts.Ð †Ö  ÐÌ262.à  àThe€Committee€expresses€its€satisfaction€at€the€efforts€made€by€the€delegation€to€provideÐ X¨  Ðanswers€to€the€questions€asked.€€It€regrets,€however,€that€the€report€was€submitted€six€years€late€andÐ A‘ Ðmore€as€a€matter€of€form,€in€that€it€is€limited€to€a€description€of€legal€measures€and€does€not€referÐ *z Ðto€any€implementation€in€practice.€€The€Committee€regrets€that€the€precise€information€which€it€hadÐ c Ðrequested€was€not€fully€provided.Ð üL ÐÌ263.à  àThe€Committee€notes€that€the€delegation€itself€acknowledged€that€serious€human€rightsÐ Î Ðviolations€occurred€during€the€civil€wars€that€have€raged€in€the€Congo€since€1993/94,€but€that€peaceÐ · Ðand€reconciliation€are€now€fundamental€priorities.Ð  ð ÐÌ264.à  àThe€Committee€notes€the€statements€on€creating€conditions€conducive€to€respect€for€humanÐ r Ðrights€and€the€functioning€of€Congolese€institutions€according€to€the€rule€of€law.€€It€notes€that€aÐ [« Ðconstitutional€referendum€is€scheduled€for€2000€and€presidential€elections€for€2001.Ð D” ÐÌ265.à  àThe€Committee€takes€note€of€the€information€provided€by€the€delegation€on€the€establishmentÐ f Ðof€a€national€human€rights€commission€by€the€end€of€2000€and€on€the€organization€of€a€human€rightsÐ ÿO Ðeducation€and€awareness€campaign.Ð è 8 ÐÌ2.€€òòMain€positive€aspectsóóÐ º" ! ÐÌ266.à  àThe€Committee€expresses€its€satisfaction€at€the€return€home€of€more€than€half€of€theÐ Œ$Ü# Ðdisplaced€population€and€hopes€that€this€process,€having€begun,€will€be€completed€as€soon€asÐ u%Å $ Ðpossible.€€It€also€welcomes€the€return€of€refugees,€and€the€return€to€their€villages€of€persons€who€hadÐ ^&®!% Ðtaken€refuge€in€the€forests.Ð G'—"& ÐÌ3.€€òòPrincipal€subjects€of€concern€and€recommendationsóóÐ )i$( ÐÌ267.à  àThe€Committee€is€gravely€concerned€at€the€information€provided€on€summary€andÐ ë*;&* Ðextrajudicial€executions,€disappearances€and€arbitrary€arrests€and€detentions€carried€out€in€the€pastÐ Ô+$'+ Ðseven€years€not€only€by€the€armed€forces€but€also€by€the€militias€and€other€paramilitary€groups,€asÐ ½, (, Ðwell€as€by€foreign€soldiers,€in€violation€of€articles€6,€7€and€9€of€the€Covenant.Ð ¦-ö(- ÐÔ_Ô‡268.à  àThe€State€party€should€conduct€all€appropriate€inquiries€and€investigations€into€these€crimesÐ ° Ðand€take€the€necessary€measures€to€bring€the€perpetrators€to€justice€and€effectively€protect€the€rightÐ ™é Ðto€life€and€to€security€of€person.Ð ‚Ò ÐÌ269.à  àThe€Committee€regrets€that€the€precise€information€which€it€had€requested€on€the€status€ofÐ T¤ Ðwomen€was€not€fully€provided.Ð =  ÐÌ270.à  àThe€State€party€should€take€the€necessary€steps€to€increase€women's€participation,€withoutÐ  _ Ðdiscrimination,€in€political€and€social€life,€in€accordance€with€article€3€of€the€Covenant.€€It€shouldÐ ø H Ðprovide€fuller€information,€including€statistics,€on€the€status€of€women€in€its€next€report.Ð á 1  ÐÌ271.à  àThe€Committee€is€also€gravely€concerned€at€the€rape€of€women€and€the€perpetration€of€otherÐ ³  Ðforms€of€violence€against€them€by€armed€men,€and€is€disturbed€at€the€extent€and€persistence€of€theseÐ œì  Ðcrimes,€in€violation€of€the€obligations€imposed€under€articles€3,€7€and€9€of€the€Covenant.Ð …Õ  ÐÌ272.à  àThe€State€party€should€give€women€the€necessary€protection€and€assistance,€ensure€theÐ W§  Ðreintegration€of€rape€victims,€and€do€everything€possible€to€identify€and€prosecute€the€perpetratorsÐ @ Ðof€these€crimes.Ð )y ÐÌ273.à  àThe€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€persistence€of€polygamy,€in€violation€of€articles€3€andÐ ûK Ð26€of€the€Covenant.Ð ä4 ÐÌ274.à  àThe€State€party€should€take€the€necessary€steps€to€abolish€polygamy€and€to€implementÐ ¶ Ðeducational€measures€to€prevent€it.Ð Ÿï ÐÌ275.à  àThe€Committee€observes€that€the€political€desire€for€an€amnesty€for€the€crimes€committedÐ qÁ Ðduring€the€periods€of€civil€war€may€also€lead€to€a€form€of€impunity€that€would€be€incompatible€withÐ Zª Ðthe€Covenant.€€It€considers€that€the€texts€which€grant€amnesty€to€persons€who€have€committedÐ C“ Ðserious€crimes€make€it€impossible€to€ensure€respect€for€the€obligations€undertaken€by€the€RepublicÐ ,| Ðof€the€Congo€under€the€Covenant,€especially€under€article€2,€paragraph€3,€which€requires€that€anyÐ e Ðperson€whose€rights€or€freedoms€recognized€by€the€Covenant€are€violated€shall€have€an€effectiveÐ þN Ðremedy.€€The€Committee€reiterates€the€view,€expressed€in€its€General€Comment€20,€that€amnestyÐ ç 7 Ðlaws€are€generally€incompatible€with€the€duty€of€States€parties€to€investigate€such€acts,€to€guaranteeÐ Ð!   Ðfreedom€for€such€acts€within€their€jurisdiction€and€to€ensure€that€they€do€not€occur€in€the€future.Ð ¹" ! ÐÌ276.à  àThe€State€party€should€ensure€that€these€most€serious€human€rights€violations€areÐ ‹$Û# Ðinvestigated,€that€those€responsible€are€brought€to€justice€and€that€adequate€compensation€isÐ t%Ä $ Ðprovided€to€the€victims€or€their€families.Ð ]&­!% ÐÌ277.à  àThe€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€use€of€torture€and€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatmentÐ /(#' Ðand€at€the€failure€to€criminalize€torture€as€such€in€internal€law€in€such€a€way€that€it€is€no€longerÐ )h$( Ðpossible€to€treat€cases€of€torture€as€simple€cases€of€voluntary€infliction€of€blows€and€wounds.Ð *Q%) ÐÌ278.à  àThe€State€party€should€take€effective€measures,€in€accordance€with€articles€7€and€10€of€theÐ Ó+#'+ ÐCovenant,€to€combat€torture,€to€criminalize€torture€and€other€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatmentÐ ¼, (, Ðor€punishment€in€internal€law,€to€punish€the€perpetrators€of€such€crimes€and,€in€future,€to€avoidÐ ¥-õ(- Ðtreating€cases€of€torture€as€simple€cases€of€voluntary€infliction€of€blows€and€wounds.Ð ° ÐÌ279.à  àThe€Committee€expresses€its€concern€at€the€attacks€on€the€independence€of€the€judiciary,€inÐ ‚Ò Ðviolation€of€article€14,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Covenant.€€It€draws€attention€to€the€fact€that€suchÐ k» Ðindependence€is€limited€owing€to€the€lack€of€any€independent€mechanism€responsible€for€theÐ T¤ Ðrecruitment€and€discipline€of€judges,€and€to€the€many€pressures€and€influences,€including€those€ofÐ =  Ðthe€executive€branch,€to€which€judges€are€subjected.Ð & v ÐÌ280.à  àThe€State€party€should€take€the€appropriate€steps€to€ensure€the€independence€of€the€judiciary,Ð ø H Ðin€particular€by€amending€the€rules€concerning€the€composition€and€operation€of€the€SupremeÐ á 1  ÐCouncil€of€Justice€and€its€effective€establishment.€€The€Committee€considers€that€particular€attentionÐ Ê   Ðshould€be€given€to€the€training€of€judges€and€to€the€system€governing€their€recruitment€andÐ ³  Ðdiscipline,€in€order€to€free€them€from€political,€financial€and€other€pressures,€ensure€their€securityÐ œì  Ðof€tenure€and€enable€them€to€render€justice€promptly€and€impartially.€€It€invites€the€State€party€toÐ …Õ  Ðadopt€effective€measures€to€that€end€and€to€take€the€appropriate€steps€to€ensure€that€more€judges€areÐ n¾  Ðgiven€adequate€training.Ð W§  ÐÌ281.à  àThe€Committee€notes€the€precarious€conditions€of€prisoners€who€are€not€being€held€in€theÐ )y Ðcentral€prison€of€Brazzaville,€which€are€incompatible€with€article€10€of€the€Covenant.Ð b ÐÌ282.à  àThe€State€party€should€guarantee€minimum€conditions€for€all€prisoners€and€should€provideÐ ä4 Ðthem,€inter€alia,€with€the€necessary€medical€care.Ð Í ÐÌ283.à  àThe€Committee€regrets€that€the€Republic€of€the€Congo€has€maintained€its€reservation€toÐ Ÿï Ðarticle€11€of€the€Covenant.Ð ˆØ ÐÌ284.à  àIt€calls€on€the€State€party€to€withdraw€that€reservation,€bring€articles€386€to€393€of€the€CodeÐ Zª Ðof€Civil,€Commercial,€Administrative€and€Financial€Procedure€into€line€with€the€Covenant,€and€makeÐ C“ Ðsure€that€no€one€is€imprisoned€for€debt.Ð ,| ÐÌ285.à  àThe€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€violations€of€secrecy€of€correspondence€in€the€RepublicÐ þN Ðof€the€Congo€and€at€the€repercussions€of€such€violations.Ð ç 7 ÐÌ286.à  àThe€Committee€reminds€the€State€party€of€its€obligations€in€regard€to€the€secrecy€ofÐ ¹" ! Ðcorrespondence€under€article€17€of€the€Covenant€and€requests€it€to€draft€rules€and€procedures€toÐ ¢#ò" Ðguarantee€the€secrecy€of€correspondence€and€to€punish€violations€of€such€secrecy.Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌ287.à  àThe€Committee€is€deeply€concerned€at€the€tendency€of€political€groups€and€associations€toÐ ]&­!% Ðresort€to€violent€means€of€expression€and€to€set€up€paramilitary€structures€that€encourage€ethnicÐ F'–"& Ðhatred€and€incite€discrimination€and€hostility.Ð /(#' ÐÌ288.à  àThe€Committee€calls€on€the€State€party,€in€accordance€with€articles€20€and€22€of€theÐ *Q%) ÐCovenant,€to€take€effective€steps€to€combat€hatred,€violence€and€discrimination€and€to€impose€on€allÐ ê*:&* Ðactors€and€political€forces€rules€of€conduct€and€behaviour€that€are€compatible€with€human€rights,Ð Ó+#'+ Ðdemocracy€and€the€rule€of€law.Ð ¼, (, ÐÐ ¥-õ(- Ð289.à  àThe€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€increase€in€the€number€of€children€at€risk€owing,€interÐ ° Ðalia,€to€civil€wars.€€It€is€deeply€concerned€in€particular€at€the€enlistment€of€children€in€armed€groupsÐ ™é Ðand€militias.Ð ‚Ò ÐÌ290.à  àThe€State€party€should€redouble€its€efforts€to€take€care€of€children€at€risk,€assist€them,€ensureÐ T¤ Ðthem€adequate€development,€and€adopt€measures€to€afford€them€the€protection€required€by€theirÐ =  Ðstatus€as€minors,€in€accordance€with€article€24€of€the€Covenant.Ð & v ÐÌ291.à  àThe€Committee€notes€with€concern€that€the€Congolese€people€have€been€unable,€owing€toÐ ø H Ðthe€postponement€of€general€elections,€to€exercise€their€right€to€self-determination€in€accordanceÐ á 1  Ðwith€article€1€of€the€Covenant€and€that€Congolese€citizens€have€been€deprived€of€the€opportunity€toÐ Ê   Ðtake€part€in€the€conduct€of€public€affairs€in€accordance€with€article€25€of€the€Covenant.Ð ³  ÐÌ292.à  àThe€Committee€calls€on€the€State€party€to€organize€general€elections€as€soon€as€possible€inÐ …Õ  Ðorder€to€enable€its€citizens€to€exercise€their€rights€under€articles€1€and€25€of€the€Covenant€and€thusÐ n¾  Ðto€participate€in€the€process€of€reconstruction€of€the€country.Ð W§  ÐÌ293.à  àThe€Committee€regrets€the€lack€of€specific€information€on€the€different€ethnic€groups€in€theÐ )y ÐCongo,€particularly€the€Pygmies,€and€on€measures€taken€to€guarantee,€simultaneously,€the€full€andÐ b Ðequal€enjoyment€of€their€civil€and€political€rights€and€respect€for€their€rights€under€article€27€to€enjoyÐ ûK Ðtheir€own€cultural€traditions.Ð ä4 ÐÌ294.à  àMore€detailed€information€on€minority€groups€and€on€the€measures€taken€to€protect€the€rightsÐ ¶ Ðof€persons€belonging€to€minority€groups€should€be€provided€in€the€State€party's€third€periodic€report.Ð Ÿï ÐÌ4.€€òòDissemination€of€information€about€the€Covenant€(art.€2)óóÐ qÁ ÐÌ295.à  àIn€submitting€its€third€periodic€report,€which€is€expected€by€31€March€2002,€the€State€partyÐ C“ Ðmust€take€into€account€the€Committee's€revised€guidelines.€€It€must€ensure€that€its€third€periodicÐ ,| Ðreport€and€the€present€observations€are€broadly€disseminated.€€In€that€report,€it€must,€inter€alia,Ð e Ðprovide€information€on€the€present€concluding€observations€and€on€the€follow-up€actions€taken€inÐ þN Ðthat€regard.Ð ç 7 ÐÔUS.,UK.,ÌpÔÌÌÌÌÌ