’WPCc #”īešy˜jh]øß™{h#Ž“—_\|3§=ø°Ź~ū¼g²ƒŠ§ļYZėEøQ’˜¢pq;‰ P&J`™œ@»€˜2YśøŲ±)čvR€IĮ±“$ŗ¤¾7œkaœļ5ŠšAϬe‘5ļ”zB šŃś›¾KÆ'Mõū3#¾†‰~żūŪ™~h*”z»6t.µ$ü3Ś‘ś®[Æ`ŃEÄsxˆ3u&čpēė€+§})ÅÕ¹†cSo˜W‹”"“K ņĖōdp·ć¶ų`Y@ā¾XDuł†.XQ$ł¶GN¬Ļt ­—ą|’¦›>^½†aSWˆcµ„Ć×OłÆ7ßkL£yd„“Ž3Æg0½}Ł>CG)haæ¬>ĒĻõ"ī|ńżµ¼“ßŪ8Üϵ×ÓŌv‡ZāqÖӆ›6TX+9Ģ>ݬՆ&ŲĘŅlņ,Ł*y$Ą2{‡?rŸžłėø%aåŌ‘†MMē$xj=·l×\i)`ļż`+®¦YĀ©łĘ2Ÿµ‹‹šl‰¦A„ŲKj©Ņ輖>źRnƒĄkÆ*ĶźkŽiŹSyżąZė¼YĄķ–pDĒT6¹a‚,IńEqĀnõq#­Hem„ŹČ»åp #ɶUN %Ķ 0:Ó^ w41@ mBYNa˜\\YORK_UNIVERSITY\q_hrts_hp4000tnŅV,,,,ŅV0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$””ŌUSUS.,Ō®z/— ½”u/ |¢äĮŸ3|x ’U‹’ĄĄĄ Ż ƒüœ!ŻŌUSUS.,ŌŻ  ŻŌ_Ōą@``$ģąņ ņŌ€¼zš»XXŌCš<šTE€DššIVOIREó óˆŠ ° Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąĢĢŌ€X,ĀX»¼zšŌņ ņÓ  ÓŌ_ŌCERDŌ_Ō€€29ņņTHóó€No.€18€(A/9618)€(1974)ó óŠ į1 ŠĢĢ223.€€The€initial€report€of€the€Ivory€Coast€was€considered€together€with€the€information€submittedŠ  ķ Šby€that€reporting€State€in€response€to€decision€3€(VII)€of€the€Committee.€€The€Committee€notedŠ † Ö Šregretfully€that€the€information€contained€in€the€two€documents€dealt€only€with€some€of€theŠ o æ Šprovisions€of€article€2,€paragraph€(1)€(a),€article€4,€paragraph€(a),€and€article€5,€paragraph€(f),€of€theŠ X Ø  ŠConvention;€that€Ō_ŌthatŌ_Ō€information€related€solely€to€legislative€measures,€to€the€exclusion€of€judicial,Š A‘  Šadministrative€or€other€measures;€and€that€the€statements€made€in€the€documents€were€not€alwaysŠ *z  Šaccompanied€by€the€texts€of€the€relevant€legislative€provisions.€€Nor€did€the€documents€contain€anyŠ c  Šinformation€on€the€relations,€if€any,€between€the€reporting€State€and€the€racist€Ō_ŌrgimesŌ_Ō€of€southernŠ üL  ŠAfrica,€or€on€the€ethnic€composition€of€the€population,€as€envisaged€in€the€Committeeššs€generalŠ å5  Šrecommendations€III€and€IV€respectively.€€The€Committee€decided€to€request€the€Government€ofŠ Ī Šthe€reporting€State€to€supply€the€information€which€was€missing€in€the€documents€underŠ · Šconsideration€in€its€next€report€and€expressed€the€hope€that€Ō_ŌthatŌ_Ō€report€would€be€organized€on€theŠ  š Šbasis€of€the€guidelines€laid€down€by€the€Committee.Š  ‰Ł Šņ ņŌ_ŌCERDŌ_Ō€€29ņņTHóó€No.€18€(A/36/18)€(1981)ó ó€Š ° ŠĢĢņņóó202.€€The€second,€third€and€fourth€periodic€reports€of€the€Ivory€Coast€submitted€in€one€documentŠ n¾ Š(Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/64/Add.2)€were€considered€by€the€Committee€together€with€the€introductory€statementŠ W§ Šof€the€representative€of€the€reporting€State.Š @  ŠĢ203.€€The€Committee€commended€the€Government€of€the€Ivory€Coast€for€its€comprehensive€reportŠ  b Šwhich€covered€the€period€1974„1980€and€provided€information€on€practically€all€the€importantŠ ū K Šquestions.Š ä 4  ŠĢ204.€€It€was€noted€that€the€Ivory€Coast€condemned€ņņapartheidóó€while€at€the€same€time€advocatingŠ ¶  Šdialogue€with€South€Africa.€€The€Government€was€asked€to€provide€fuller€information€in€its€nextŠ Ÿļ  Šreport€on€the€results€of€that€dialogue.Š ˆŲ  ŠĢ205.€€It€was€pointed€out€that€article€6€of€the€Constitution€of€the€Ivory€Coast€did€not€correspond€toŠ ZŖ  Šthe€provisions€of€article€4€(a)€and€(b)€of€the€Convention.€€In€that€connection,€the€Government€wasŠ C“ Šasked€whether€it€intended€to€enact€legislation€to€give€effect€to€those€provisions€and€to€present€theŠ ,| Štext€of€the€relevant€articles€of€the€draft€Penal€Code€of€the€Ivory€Coast€under€consideration.Š e ŠĢ206.€€With€reference€to€article€5€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€asked€how€justice€wasŠ ē7 Šadministered€at€the€present€time,€particularly€in€rural€areas,€since€the€Penal€Code€had€not€yet€enteredŠ Š  Šinto€force;€how€popular€participation€was€encouraged€in€the€political€field;€whether€severalŠ ¹  Šcandidates€were€permitted€to€compete€for€party€nominations€in€elections€of€the€different€levels€inŠ ¢ņ Šthe€single€democratic€party€of€the€Ivory€Coast;€and€how€the€general€population€could€voiceŠ ‹Ū Šcomplaints€regarding€government€policies.€€Explanation€was€requested€of€the€statement€in€the€reportŠ tÄ Šthat€access€to€the€courts€by€non„nationals€was€facilitated€by€settled€practice€in€which€the€security€forŠ ]­ Šcosts€and€damages€was€very€rarely€called€for.€€In€that€connection,€it€was€asked€when€such€securityŠ F– Šwas€required€and€when€it€was€not,€as€it€seemed€to€be€a€form€of€discrimination€against€non„nationals.€Š / ŠFurther€information€was€asked€for€regarding€the€press:€who€owned€the€media;€whether€the€mediaŠ h Šcould€be€privately€owned€and€whether€foreign€publications€were€available€in€the€Ivory€Coast.€€WithŠ  Q Šreference€to€the€right€to€form€and€join€trade€unions,€it€was€asked€whether€trade€unions€wereŠ ź : Šindependent€or€were€linked€to€the€Government€and€whether€strikes€were€permitted€under€the€Ō_ŌLabourŌ_ŌŠ Ó!#  ŠCode.€€In€that€connection,€the€text€of€the€Ō_ŌLabourŌ_Ō€Code€was€also€requested.€€Noting€that€foreignersŠ ¼" ! Šin€the€Ivory€Coast€had€considerable€holdings€in€the€capital€of€companies,€a€member€asked€whetherŠ „#õ" Šthat€situation€led€to€tension€between€such€foreigners€and€the€indigenous€population€and€whatŠ Ž$Ž# Šmeasures,€if€any,€were€taken€to€reduce€such€tension,€to€narrow€disparities€in€income€and€to€enableŠ w%Ē $ ŠIvory€Coast€citizens€to€enter€the€economy€as€entrepreneurs;€whether€there€were€any€laws€to€promoteŠ `&°!% ŠAfricanization€and€whether€the€Government€encouraged€participation€by€the€local€population€in€theŠ I'™"& Šforeign€sector.Š 2(‚#' ŠĢ207.€€Referring€to€an€incident€concerning€the€death€of€46€Ghanaians€who€had€been€arrested€in€theŠ *T%) ŠIvory€Coast,€a€member€of€the€Committee€said€that€those€acts€violated€the€principles€with€which€theŠ ķ*=&* ŠIvory€Coast€claimed€to€be€imbued€and€that€the€Government€had€not€reacted€in€the€manner€expected.Š Ö+&'+ ŠĢ208.€€Noting€that€the€report€did€not€contain€reference€to€any€provisions€implementing€article€6€of€theŠ Ø-ų(- ŠŌ_ŌConvention,€the€Committee€requested€further€explanations€on€that€point.Š ° ŠĢ209.€€In€connection€with€article€7€of€the€Convention,€it€was€asked€whether€integration€of€theŠ ‚Ņ Špopulation€of€the€Ivory€Coast€was€based€on€concepts€of€a€general€nature€or€on€a€specifically€AfricanŠ k» Šconcept,€namely€Ō_ŌnegritudeŌ_Ō.€€A€member€of€the€Committee€commended€the€Government€of€the€IvoryŠ T¤ ŠCoast€for€the€way€in€which€it€was€giving€effect€to€the€provisions€of€article€7€of€the€Convention.Š =  ŠĢ210.€€The€representative€of€the€Ivory€Coast€replied€to€some€of€the€questions€raised€and€assured€theŠ  _ ŠCommittee€that€replies€to€remaining€questions€would€be€provided€in€his€countryššs€next€report.€€HeŠ ų H Šsaid€that€until€the€draft€Penal€Code€was€adopted,€the€Ivory€Coast€was€applying€the€French€PenalŠ į 1  ŠCode.€€In€reply€to€the€question€concerning€the€Africanization€of€the€managerial€class,€he€said€thatŠ Ź   Šfor€10€years€the€Ivory€Coast€had€Ō_ŌhadŌ_Ō€ministers€who€were€not€from€the€Ivory€Coast€and€who€hadŠ ³  Šnever€changed€nationality.€€Since€the€countryššs€achievement€of€independence,€Africanization€wasŠ œģ  Šapplied€only€gradually€and€an€Ivory€Coast€citizen€was€authorized€to€replace€a€foreigner€in€a€postŠ …Õ  Šonly€when€he€had€acquired€the€same€degree€of€skill.€€Measures€had€been€taken€to€provide€the€sameŠ n¾  Šsecurity€for€foreigners€as€for€citizens;€in€the€Ivory€Coast€the€very€concept€of€š šforeignersšš€wasŠ W§  Šspecial,€because€no€distinction€was€made€in€their€regard€in€any€areas€of€economic€or€social€life.€Š @ ŠRegarding€offences€against€the€person,€such€as€tattooing€,€filing€of€teeth€and€the€like,€he€said€thatŠ )y Šwhile€there€was€no€specific€written€provision€regarding€the€matter,€those€practices€were€punishableŠ b Šand€were€referred€to€in€the€draft€Penal€Code.€€The€Ivory€Coast€authorities€had€no€intention€ofŠ ūK Šconcealing€them€and€spared€no€effort€to€eliminate€them€through€an€information€campaign€and€PartyŠ ä4 Šdirectives.Š Ķ ŠĢ211.€€In€reply€to€questions€concerning€article€5€of€the€Convention,€the€representative€said€thatŠ Ÿļ Šsecurity€for€costs€and€damages€may€not€constitute€a€discriminatory€measure€because€it€applied€toŠ ˆŲ Šall€foreigners,€regardless€of€nationality€for€race.€€Regarding€administration€of€justice€in€rural€areas,Š qĮ Šhe€said€that€under€African€justice,€conciliation€and€mediation€were€essential€principles€and€wereŠ ZŖ Šapplied€in€rural€areas€when€the€parties€to€a€dispute€did€not€refer€the€matter€directly€to€the€competentŠ C“ Šcourt.€€When€the€matter€fell€within€the€competence€of€traditional€justice,€it€was€usually€preferred€toŠ ,| Šhave€it€settled€in€the€village€by€the€wise€men€who€were€used€to€that€kind€of€problem€and€if€noŠ e Šsolution€was€found,€one€of€the€parties€could€apply€to€the€court.€€The€latter,€applying€modern€legalŠ žN Šprocedures,€took€into€account€what€had€been€decided€on€the€basis€of€traditional€justice.€€TheŠ ē 7 Šrelations€between€traditional€and€modern€justice€were€not€codified;€they€were€extremely€flexible€andŠ Š!   Šwere€guided€primarily€by€the€spirit€of€conciliation€and€mediation€between€groups.€€Replying€toŠ ¹" ! Šquestions€concerning€the€political€situation,€he€said€that€the€existence€of€a€single€party,€theŠ ¢#ņ" ŠDemocratic€Party€of€the€Ivory€Coast,€was€no€impediment€to€democracy.€€The€Party€did€not€endorseŠ ‹$Ū# Šany€of€the€candidates€who€stood€for€election€and€voting€was€conducted€in€two€rounds€of€secretŠ t%Ä $ Šballoting€for€a€single€member,€the€first€round€on€the€basis€of€an€absolute€majority€and€the€second€onŠ ]&­!% Šthe€basis€of€plurality.€€All€foreign€publications€were€sold€without€censure€or€restriction.€€The€rightŠ F'–"& Što€strike€was€fully€recognized€and€the€trade€unions,€which€represented€the€different€corporations,Š /(#' Šcould,€within€the€limits€of€the€Constitution,€call€a€strike€and€submit€their€claims€to€the€appropriateŠ )h$( Šministers.€€The€representative€regretted€the€incident€of€the€death€of€46€Ghanaians€and€expressed€hisŠ *Q%) Šconviction€that€the€Ivory€Coast€authorities€and€the€President€would€take€the€steps€which€wereŠ ź*:&* Šnecessary.€€Finally,€as€to€the€question€of€Ō_ŌnegritudeŌ_Ō,€he€said€that€it€was€not€a€concept€which€differedŠ Ó+#'+ Šfrom€country€to€country,€because€it€was€based€on€the€fundamental€values€of€Africa.€€Although€thereŠ ¼, (, Šwas€no€specifically€African€culture€in€the€Ivory€Coast,€the€practices€of€one€region€were€not€allowedŠ „-õ(- Što€interfere€with€the€positive€aspects€of€another.Š  ° Šņ ņŌ_ŌCERDŌ_Ō€€A/46/18€(1991)ó óŠ ° ŠĢĢ306.€€At€its€922ņņndóó€meeting,€on€8€August€1991€(see€Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/SR.922),€the€Committee€reviewed€theŠ l¼ Šimplementation€of€the€Convention€by€Cš=šte€dššIvoire€based€on€its€previous€reportsŠ U„ Š(Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/64/Add.2)€and€their€consideration€by€the€Committee€(see€Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/SR.510€and€511).€€TheŠ > Ž ŠCommittee€noted€that€the€State€party€had€not€submitted€a€report€since€1980,€but€was€pleased€thatŠ ' w Šrepresentatives€of€the€State€party€were€participating€in€the€Committeeššs€current€review€of€the€earlierŠ  ` Šreports.Š ł I ŠĢ307.€€The€representative€of€the€State€party€expressed€his€Governmentššs€regret€at€its€failure€to€submitŠ Ė   Ša€periodic€report€since€1980€and€explained€that€this€had€been€due€to€economic€and€administrativeŠ “  Šdifficulties€facing€the€country.€€This€in€no€way€detracted€from€its€determination€to€meet€itsŠ ķ  Šobligations€under€the€Convention€and€its€continued€support€of€the€work€of€the€Committee.€€He,Š †Ö  Štherefore,€requested€a€further€three€months€in€which€to€submit€a€full€report€covering€the€period€1980„Š oæ  Š1991,€which€would€include€replies€to€questions€and€comments€raised€by€the€Committee€and€furtherŠ XØ  Šinformation€on€measures€taken€to€implement€the€Convention.Š A‘ ŠĢ308.€€The€representative€of€the€State€party€also€informed€the€Committee€of€domestic€legislativeŠ c Šprovisions€relating€to€the€implementation€of€the€Convention,€including€those€continued€in€theŠ üL ŠConstitution,€providing€for€equality€before€the€law€for€all€without€distinction€as€to€origin,€race,€sexŠ å5 Šor€religion,€and€those€making€any€Ō_ŌparticularistŌ_Ō€propaganda€of€a€racial€or€ethnic€nature€and€anyŠ Ī Šmanifestation€of€racial€discrimination€punishable€by€law.€€He€indicated,€moreover,€that€provisionsŠ · Šrelating€to€the€prevention€and€punishment€of€discriminatory€attitudes€and€practices€were€containedŠ  š Šin€the€Civil€Code,€the€Code€of€Nationality,€the€Code€of€Civil€Procedure,€the€Penal€Code€and€theŠ ‰Ł ŠCode€of€Penal€Procedure.Š rĀ ŠĢ309.€€In€addition,€the€representative€of€the€State€party€informed€the€Committee€that€there€were€60Š D” Šethnic€groups€in€his€country,€along€with€a€substantial€foreign€community.€€A€multi„paŌ_ŌrtyŌ_Ō€system€hadŠ -} Šbeen€introduced€under€the€present€Government,€consisting€of€some€40€political€parties,€some€ofŠ f Šwhich€were€represented€in€Parliament€and€controlled€in€some€of€the€larger€municipalities€throughŠ ’O Šelected€mayors.€€As€evidence€of€the€countryššs€democratic€structure,€the€representative€noted€thatŠ č 8 Šnumerous€independent€trade€unions€had€been€established€and€that€freedom€of€the€press,€with€theŠ Ń!!  Šexistence€of€approximately€20€newspapers€representing€various€political€trends€and€the€sale€ofŠ ŗ" ! Šforeign€newspapers,€had€also€been€established.Š £#ó" ŠĢ310.€€Cš=šte€dššIvoire€also€played€on€active€part€in€regional€cooperation€and€the€establishment€ofŠ u%Å $ Šregional€and€Ō_ŌsubregionalŌ_Ō€organizations.€€It€welcomed€the€recent€significant€changes€in€South€AfricaŠ ^&®!% Šand€continued€to€encourage€dialogue€as€the€only€means€of€working€out€a€new€strategy€for€theŠ G'—"& Šdismantlement€of€the€odious€system€of€apartheid.Š 0(€#' ŠĢ311.€€Members€of€the€Committee€thanked€the€representative€for€providing€the€Committee€with€usefulŠ *R%) Šinformation€and€explanations.€€As€regards€the€long€delay€in€submitting€a€report,€they€recognized€thatŠ ė*;&* Šmany€countries€had€difficulty€in€meeting€their€reporting€obligations€under€the€various€internationalŠ Ō+$'+ Šinstruments,€but€noted€that€assistance€in€the€preparation€of€reports€could€be€made€available€throughŠ ½, (, Šthe€Ō_ŌprogrammeŌ_Ō€of€advisory€services€of€the€United€Nations€Ō_ŌCentreŌ_Ō€for€Human€Rights.Š ¦-ö(- Ї312.€€Members€of€the€Committee€recalled€that€the€previous€reports€had€been€deemed€satisfactoryŠ ° Šfrom€the€point€of€view€of€conformity€with€the€guidelines€and€that€the€Committee€had€noted€theŠ ™é Šsignificance€of€the€countryššs€ethnic€characteristics.€€Other€points€previously€emphasized€by€theŠ ‚Ņ ŠCommittee€concerned€the€right€to€nationality,€the€right€to€own€property€and€the€right€to€work.€€In€theŠ k» Šforegoing€connection,€the€Committee€had€drawn€attention€to€the€large€number€of€applications€forŠ T¤ Šnaturalization€by€foreigners,€had€noted€that€non„nationals€had€considerable€holdings€in€manyŠ =  Šcompanies€established€in€Cš=šte€dššIvoire€and€that€Ō_ŌthatŌ_Ō€country€was€a€party€to€ILO€Convention€No.€111Š & v Šconcerning€discrimination€in€respect€of€employment€and€occupation.€€However,€the€Committee€hadŠ  _ Šalso€noted€the€lack€of€information€on€the€effective€implementation€of€domestic€legislation,€inŠ ų H Šparticular€with€regard€to€the€number€of€complaints€filed€for€discriminatory€acts,€examples€ofŠ į 1  Šjudgements€handed€down€by€the€courts€and€the€widely€reported€restrictions€on€press€and€trade€unionŠ Ź   Šfreedom.Š ³  ŠĢ313.€€Members€of€the€Committee€wished€to€receive€information€concerning€recent€events,€includingŠ …Õ  Šthe€social€consequences€of€the€financial€crisis€affecting€the€country€and€the€measures€being€takenŠ n¾  Što€assist€the€most€disadvantaged€sections€of€the€population;€the€identity€of€the€most€disadvantagedŠ W§  Šelements€in€the€population;€the€continued€restrictions€on€press€freedom;€the€new,€independent€ņņŌ_ŌLigueŌ_ŌŠ @ ŠŌ_ŌivoirienneŌ_Ō€des€droits€de€Ō_ŌlššhommeŌ_Ōóó;€and€the€detention€without€charge€in€the€spring€of€1991€of€activistsŠ )y Šfrom€opposition€parties,€of€trade€unionists€and€of€teachers€who€had€taken€part€in€demonstrations.€Š b ŠThey€also€wished€to€know€whether€the€rural€infrastructure€was€being€developed€with€a€view€toŠ ūK Šshifting€from€reliance€on€cocoa€and€coffee€to€food€crops.Š ä4 ŠĢ314.€€The€State€party€was€requested€to€provide€the€Committee€with€a€complete€report,€in€accordanceŠ ¶ Šwith€the€Committeeššs€guidelines,€containing,€in€particular,€an€up„to„date€breakdown€of€theŠ Ÿļ Špopulation,€including€the€percentage€of€foreigners;€an€analysis€of€how€the€various€articles€of€theŠ ˆŲ ŠConvention€were€applied€in€practice;€a€description€of€the€relevant€laws,€particularly€the€Penal€Code,Š qĮ Šas€amended€in€1981,€and€how€such€laws€were€actually€applied;€and€details€concerning€anyŠ ZŖ Šdifficulties€encountered.Š C“ ŠĢ315.€€Replying€to€some€of€the€questions€raised€by€members€of€the€Committee,€the€representative€ofŠ e Šthe€State€party€explained€that€under€the€Constitution€political€parties€could€be€formed,€and€severalŠ žN Šhad€in€fact€been€formed€since€1990,€but€that€there€was€a€national€consensus€that€because€of€theŠ ē 7 Šcountryššs€economic€difficulties€one€party€government€was€preferable.€€Freedom€of€association€andŠ Š!   Šexpression€was€respected,€and€three€or€four€demonstrations€had€been€taking€place€daily.€€ThoseŠ ¹" ! Šarrested€had€taken€advantage€of€the€demonstrations€to€commit€acts€of€vandalism,€but€they€had€beenŠ ¢#ņ" Šreleased€after€interrogation.Š ‹$Ū# ŠĢ316.€€With€regard€to€the€economic€crisis€facing€the€country,€the€representative€of€the€State€partyŠ ]&­!% Šinformed€the€Committee€that€this€was€due€to€the€fall€in€cocoa€and€coffee€prices,€on€which€theŠ F'–"& Šlivelihood€of€over€60€per€cent€of€the€population€depended.€€Concerning€the€ethnic€composition€ofŠ /(#' Šthe€population,€it€was€difficult€to€pinpoint€which€section€was€poorest€in€terms€of€geographical€zones,Š )h$( Šbut€the€Government€was€attempting€to€help€the€most€disadvantaged€through€the€building€ofŠ *Q%) Šinexpensive€accommodations€and€the€payment€of€€unemployment€benefits.€€Free€medical€and€childŠ ź*:&* Šbenefits€were€also€provided€to€poor€families,€and€the€Government€was€also€encouraging€theŠ Ó+#'+ Šdiversification€of€crops.Š ¼, (, ŠŠ „-õ(- Š317.€€The€State€party€representative€informed€the€Committee€that€replies€to€all€of€the€questions€thatŠ ° Šhad€been€raised€would€be€provided€in€the€next€report.€€Noting€that€staff€recruitment€and€coordinationŠ ™é Špresented€particular€problems€in€his€country,€the€representative€expressed€the€hope€that€assistanceŠ ‚Ņ Šin€preparing€Cš=šte€dššIvoireššs€report€to€the€Committee€would€be€provided€by€the€United€Nations,€soŠ k» Šthat€it€could€be€produced€more€quickly.Š T¤ ŠĢņņConcluding€observationsóóŠ & v ŠĢ318.€€In€concluding€the€review,€the€Committee€thanked€the€delegation€for€appearing€before€it€andŠ ų H Šfor€explaining€the€reasons€for€the€delay€in€the€submission€of€reports€that€were€due.€€The€CommitteeŠ į 1  Šalso€expressed€appreciation€for€the€delegationššs€efforts€to€respond€to€some€of€its€questions.€€It€tookŠ Ź   Šnote€of€the€intention€of€the€Government€of€Cš=šte€dššIvoire€to€submit€a€written€report€soon.Š  ³  Šņ ņŌ_ŌCERDŌ_Ō€€A/51/18€(1996)ó óŠ ° ŠĢĢ262.€€At€its€1154ņņthóó€meeting,€held€on€14€March€1996€(see€Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/SR.1154),€the€CommitteeŠ l¼ Šreviewed€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€by€Cš=šte€d'Ivoire€based€upon€its€previous€reportŠ U„ Š(Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/64/Add.2)€and€the€Committee's€consideration€thereof€(see€Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/SR.510,€511€and€922).€Š > Ž ŠThe€Committee€noted€with€regret€that€no€report€had€been€submitted€to€the€Committee€since€1980.Š ' w ŠĢ263.€€The€Committee€regretted€that€Cš=šte€d'Ivoire€had€not€responded€to€its€invitation€to€participateŠ ł I Šin€the€meeting€and€to€furnish€relevant€information.€€The€Committee€decided€that€a€communicationŠ ā 2  Šshould€be€sent€to€the€Government€of€Cš=šte€d'Ivoire€setting€out€its€reporting€obligations€under€theŠ Ė   ŠConvention€and€urging€that€the€dialogue€with€the€Committee€should€be€resumed€as€soon€as€possible.Š “  ŠĢ264.€€The€Committee€suggested€that€the€Government€of€Cš=šte€d'Ivoire€avail€itself€of€the€technicalŠ †Ö  Šassistance€offered€under€the€advisory€services€and€technical€assistance€Ō_ŌprogrammeŌ_Ō€of€the€Ō_ŌCentreŌ_Ō€forŠ oæ  ŠHuman€Rights,€with€the€aim€of€drawing€up€and€submitting€as€soon€as€possible€an€updated€reportŠ XØ  Šdrafted€in€accordance€with€the€reporting€guidelines.Š A‘ ŠŠ  *z ŠŌCEUS.,ŌĢņ ņŌ_ŌCERDŌ_Ō€€A/58/18€(2003)ó óŠ ™é ŠĢ19.€€The€Committee€considered€the€fifth€to€fourteenth€periodic€reports€of€Cš=šte€dššIvoire,€submittedŠ l¼ Šas€a€single€document€(Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/382/Add.2),€at€its€1568th€and€1569th€meetings€(Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/SR.1568Š U„ Šand€1569),€held€on12and€13€March€2003.€€At€its€1582nd€meeting€(Ō_ŌCERDŌ_Ō/C/SR.1582),€held€on€21Š > Ž ŠMarch€2003,€the€Committee€adopted€thefollowing€concluding€observations.Š ' w ŠĢA.€€ņņIntroductionóóŠ ł I ŠĢ20.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€periodic€reports€submitted€by€the€State€party€and€the€additionalŠ Ė   Šinformation€provided€orally€by€the€delegation.€€The€Committee€was€encouraged€by€the€fact€that€theŠ “  ŠGovernment,€despite€the€current€crisis€in€the€State€party,€was€represented€by€a€high-level€delegationŠ ķ  Šand€provided€frank€and€constructive€replies€to€the€questions€asked€and€comments€made.Š †Ö  ŠĢB.€€ņņFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóŠ XØ  ŠĢ21.€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€disturbances€now€taking€place€in€Cš=šte€dššIvoire€are€obstacles€toŠ *z Šthe€State€partyššs€stability€and€are€factors€which€may€impede€its€efforts€to€implement€the€Convention.Š c ŠĢC.€€ņņPositive€aspectsóóŠ å5 ŠĢ22.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€conclusion€of€the€Ō_ŌLinasŌ_Ō„Ō_ŌMarcoussisŌ_Ō€Agreement€of23JanuaryŠ · Š2003€and€of€the€Accra€Agreement€of8March€2003,€which€enabled€a€government€of€nationalŠ  š Šreconciliation€to€be€formed,€as€a€means€of€restoring€confidence€and€overcoming€the€crisis.Š ‰Ł ŠĢ23.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€State€partyššs€commitment€to€prosecute€any€media€which€inciteŠ [« Šhatred€or€racial€discrimination.Š D” ŠĢ24.€€The€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€that€Cš=šte€dššIvoire€has€established€a€Ministry€ofHumanŠ f ŠRights€and€plans€to€set€up€a€National€Human€Rights€Commission€(under€DecreeNo.2000„830€ofŠ ’O Š22€November€2000)€and€an€Ombudsmanššs€Office€(articles115-118€ofthe€Constitution).Š č 8 ŠĢ25.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€Governmentššs€declaration€of€principle€on€human€rights€containedŠ ŗ" ! Šin€its€information€paper€describing€its€efforts€to€guarantee€respect€for€human€rights€in€the€currentŠ £#ó" Šcrisis€situation.€€The€Committee€also€notes€that€a€free€telephone€line€has€been€made€available€toŠ Œ$Ü# Šenable€any€victim€of€a€human€rights€violation€to€contact€the€Ministry€of€Human€Rights.Š u%Å $ ŠĢ26.€€The€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€that€the€State€party€recently€ratified€ILOConvention€(No.Š G'—"& Š182)€concerning€the€Prohibition€and€Immediate€Action€for€the€Elimination€of€theWorst€Forms€ofŠ 0(€#' ŠChild€Labour.Š )i$( ŠĢ27.€€Taking€note€of€the€conclusions€of€the€Forum€on€National€Reconciliation€on€the€elimination€ofŠ ė*;&* Šeconomic€and€social€disparities€between€the€north€and€the€south€of€Cš=šte€dššIvoire,€the€CommitteeŠ Ō+$'+ Šencourages€the€State€party€to€continue€its€campaign€to€reduce€regional€disparities.Š ½, (, ŠŠ ¦-ö(- Š28.€€Taking€note€with€satisfaction€of€the€action€taken€on€4€October€2001€to€raise€awareness€of€humanŠ ° Šrights€among€the€security€forces,€the€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€continue€and€expandŠ ™é Šthese€efforts€to€cover€political€parties,€press€organs€and€civil€society.Š ‚Ņ ŠĢD.€€ņņConcerns€and€recommendationsóóŠ T¤ ŠĢ29.€€The€Committee,€recalling€article€1,€paragraph€3,€of€the€Convention,€notes€with€concern€that€theŠ & v Šmisuse€for€political€ends€of€Nationality€Code€ActNo.61„415€of€14€December€1961,€as€amended€byŠ  _ ŠAct€No.€72„852€of€21€December€1972,€hasgiven€rise€to€discriminatory€practices.€€The€CommitteeŠ ų H Šalso€notes€that€the€misuse€for€xenophobic€purposes€of€the€concept€of€š šņņŌ_ŌivoiritŌ_Ōóóšš,€which€does€notŠ į 1  Šappear€in€the€Constitution,€has€been€a€key€factor€in€the€current€crisis.€€The€Committee€recommendsŠ Ź   Šthat€the€Nationality€Code€be€implemented€in€conformity€with€the€provisions€of€the€Convention.Š ³  ŠĢ30.€€The€Committee€expresses€its€concern€about€information€relating€to€the€racial€and€xenophobicŠ …Õ  Šviolence€that€ended€in€mass€graves€in€various€regions€of€the€country€and€encourages€the€State€partyŠ n¾  Što€continue€its€efforts€to€prevent€a€repetition€of€such€violence€and€to€punish€the€persons€responsibleŠ W§  Šfor€it.Š @ ŠĢ31.€€The€Committee€notes€with€concern€that€the€implementation€of€Rural€Land€ActNo.98-750Š b Šof23December€1998€created€a€sense€of€insecurity€among€foreigners€of€certain€ethnic€groups€whoŠ ūK Šowned€land€prior€to€its€adoption.€€The€Committee€urges€the€State€party€to€continue€its€efforts€toŠ ä4 Šexplain€this€text€better€to€the€populations€concernedand€to€ensure€better€protection€of€acquiredŠ Ķ Šrights.Š ¶ ŠĢ32.€€The€Committee€notes€with€concern€that€the€misinterpretation€of€election€laws€has€given€rise€toŠ ˆŲ Štensions€between€ethnic€and€religious€groups€and€recommends€that€these€laws€be€reviewed€in€theŠ qĮ Šlight€of€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€relating€to€the€right€of€all€citizens€to€take€part€in€theŠ ZŖ Šcountryššs€political€life.Š C“ ŠĢ33.€€In€general,€with€regard€to€the€provisions€of€the€Constitution€(particularly€article35)€and€theŠ e Šnationality€legislation€that€has€been€called€into€question€in€the€context€of€the€crisis€in€Cš=štedššIvoire,Š žN Šthe€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€account€of€existing€realities€on€the€ground,€inŠ ē 7 Šparticular€the€coexistence€of€different€ethnic€groups,€in€order€to€guarantee€that€these€provisions€areŠ Š!   Šmore€fully€implemented.Š ¹" ! ŠĢ34.€€Noting€with€concern€that€some€of€the€national€media€have€used€propaganda€to€incite€war€andŠ ‹$Ū# Šencourage€hatred€and€xenophobia,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€continue€itsŠ t%Ä $ Šefforts€to€take€the€necessary€measures€to€put€an€end€to€this€practice.Š ]&­!% ŠĢ35.€€The€Committee€invites€the€State€party€to€provide€information€on€the€status€of€the€ConventionŠ /(#' Šin€the€hierarchy€of€legislation€in€Cš=šte€dššIvoire,€as€well€as€on€whether€it€is€possible€for€individualsŠ )h$( Što€invoke€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€directly€before€the€domestic€courts.€€It€would€also€likeŠ *Q%) Što€receive€information€on€the€practical€implementation€of€the€laws€prohibiting€racial€discrimination,Š ź*:&* Šas€well€as€on€the€number€of€complaints€and€of€prosecutions€for€racist€acts.Š Ó+#'+ ŠĢ36.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€continue€its€efforts€to€adopt€legislation€orŠ „-õ(- Šregulations€which€define€the€respective€spheres€of€competence€of€the€National€Human€RightsŠ ° ŠCommission€and€the€Ombudsmanššs€Office,€spell€out€the€procedure€for€bringing€cases€before€themŠ ™é Šand€determine€whether€their€decisions€are€binding.€€More€specifically,€the€Committee€invites€theŠ ‚Ņ ŠState€party€to€strengthen€the€guarantees€of€independence€of€these€bodies€so€that€their€activities€willŠ k» Šbe€effective€and€credible,€particularly€for€the€purposes€of€mediation.€€To€this€end,€the€State€partyŠ T¤ Šshould€take€the€appropriate€measures€to€inform€the€public€of€the€remedies€available€to€the€victimsŠ =  Šof€acts€of€discrimination€or€xenophobia.Š & v ŠĢ37.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€all€necessary€steps€to€educate€officials,Š ų H Špolitical€leaders€and€the€public€about,€and€make€them€aware€of,€the€provisions€of€the€Convention.€Š į 1  ŠDue€account€must€be€taken€of€general€recommendation€XIII,€according€to€which€law€enforcementŠ Ź   Šofficials€should€receive€training€to€ensure€that,€in€the€performance€of€their€duties,€they€respect€andŠ ³  Šprotect€the€human€rights€of€all€persons€without€distinction€as€to€ethnic€origin€or€religion.Š œģ  ŠĢ38.€€The€Committee€invites€the€Government,€political€parties,€civil€society€and€the€armed€forces€toŠ n¾  Šhonour€the€State€partyššs€commitments€under€the€Convention€in€order€to€restore€peace€and€securityŠ W§  Šand€to€maintain€a€frank€and€constructive€dialogue€with€the€population€of€Cš=štedššIvoire,€as€is€doneŠ @ Šby€the€Forum€for€National€Reconciliation.Š )y ŠĢ39.€€The€Committee€recalls€the€State€partyššs€request€to€have€an€international€commission€of€inquiryŠ ūK Šset€up€to€carry€out€investigations€and€establish€the€facts€throughout€the€national€territory€in€order€toŠ ä4 Šidentify€cases€of€serious€violations€of€human€rights€and€international€humanitarian€lawŠ Ķ Šsince19September€2002.€€The€Committee€urges€the€State€party€to€take€the€necessary€measures€andŠ ¶ Šcreate€the€necessary€conditions€for€such€an€inquiry€and€to€include€all€the€information€on€this€questionŠ Ÿļ Šin€its€next€periodic€report.€€Š ˆŲ ŠĢ40.€€The€Committee€recommends€that,€in€its€next€periodic€report,€the€State€party€provide€full€andŠ ZŖ Šdetailed€information€on€the€measures€taken€at€the€national€level€to€implement€the€provisions€ofŠ C“ Šarticle€5€in€order€to€prevent€and€criminalize€any€form€of€discrimination€in€the€enjoyment€by€theŠ ,| Šdifferent€ethnic€groups€of€economic,€social€and€cultural€rights.€€Š e ŠĢ41.€€The€Committee€urges€the€State€party€to€strengthen€the€measures€guaranteeing€the€contributionŠ ē 7 Šof€civil€society€organizations€to€the€promotion€of€inter„ethnic€harmony€and€expresses€the€hope€thatŠ Š!   Šthe€next€periodic€report€will€describe€the€role€of€these€organizations,€including€their€participationŠ ¹" ! Šin€action€to€combat€discrimination€by€publicizing€the€Convention.Š ¢#ņ" ŠĢ42.€€The€Committee€recommends€that,€in€giving€effect€in€its€internal€legal€system€to€the€provisionsŠ t%Ä $ Šof€the€Convention,€particularly€those€of€articles€2€to€7,€the€State€party€take€account€of€the€relevantŠ ]&­!% Šparts€of€the€Durban€Declaration€and€Programme€of€Action€and€include€information€in€its€nextŠ F'–"& Šperiodic€report€on€action€plans€and€other€measures€taken€to€implement€the€Durban€Declaration€andŠ /(#' ŠProgramme€of€Action€at€the€national€level.Š )h$( ŠĢ43.€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€has€not€made€the€optional€declaration€under€article€14Š ź*:&* Šof€the€Convention€and€strongly€urges€it€to€consider€making€such€a€declaration.Š Ó+#'+ ŠĢ44.€€The€Committee€strongly€recommends€that€the€State€party€ratify€the€amendment€to€article8,Š „-õ(- Šparagraph€6,€of€the€Convention,€adopted€on€15€January€1992€at€the€Fourteenth€Meeting€of€StatesŠ ° ŠParties€to€the€Convention€and€endorsed€by€the€General€Assembly€in€its€resolution47/111€of€15Š ™é ŠDecember€1992.€€In€this€connection,€the€Committee€draws€the€Statepartyššs€attention€to€GeneralŠ ‚Ņ ŠAssembly€resolution€57/194€of€18€December€2002,€in€which€the€Assembly€strongly€urged€StatesŠ k» Šparties€to€accelerate€their€domestic€ratification€procedures€with€regard€to€the€amendment€and€toŠ T¤ Šnotify€the€Secretary-General€expeditiously€in€writing€of€their€agreement€to€the€amendment.Š =  ŠĢ45.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€disseminate€its€periodic€reports€widely€amongŠ  _ Šthe€public€at€large€as€soon€as€they€have€been€submitted€and€that€the€Committeeššs€concludingŠ ų H Šobservations€be€publicized€in€the€same€way.Š į 1  ŠĢ46.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€submit€its€fifteenth,€sixteenth€and€seventeenthŠ ³  Šperiodic€reports€in€one€document,€due€on€3€February€2006,€and€that€it€should€reply€to€all€theŠ œģ  Šquestions€raised€in€these€concluding€observations.Š …Õ  ŠŌUS.,CE.,ĆZŌ