ÿWPCµ+  \ï‘i„šD’æ8À?¸ƒ¤D˜æÅ<[ {”‹‚c‚ìm¨ßœ»ªgâìÇAVî±/¾¿Þøp)§âî÷=GÁBŒ$¤[ðW1òCuÐö´v–Û‚4‡5Ú=á ¹mâ… ø¦ðæ&5€µSª?E¤wž{¿^&¦`ŒŠ7qÀAìûÝY{š¡à•à3ø7ž€nê¯ëû2³j93¼¬Ðeñj l.÷7ÑQä¾µ¡ÁT¿Ac6퇥ÎGËÊµÝ ÆáÂÅùÅEÁÿ¸¨·+uõ#ìÁÔæ¸ÉØ,á#ÞÃnçÛŸôä"PÙÚüéËÀsµ¨ z®@Rm´‰xÅ)``‹@jM>4ZÏ¥²¶„@›)°Î£Ø¢ž$¬±NMC¥’B#ÉœUNe %³ 0:¹wó4÷  m 0î3 0ë! 0è 0åô 0âÙ 0ß» 0Üš 0Ùv 0ÖO 0Ü% 0Ù 0ÖÚ 0Ó° 0Ѓ 0ÍS 0Ê  0Çê 0ı 0Ûu 0ØP 0Õ( 0Òý 0ÏÏ 0Ìž 0Éj 0Æ3 0Ãù 0š¼ 0<V 0ß’ 0 æq! 1eW" 7¼" 0wÊ" 1uA# 72¶#Nè# 0„ê# 7n$ B|$ B-™$fÆ$aÈ$ 0ŠÜ$ 0 f%^ & 0@c&u& 0´‹& 0Ç?' 0Û( 0ïá( 0DÐ) 1‹+fŸ+a¡+˜\\YORK_UNIVERSITY\q_hrts_hp4000tnÒV,,,,ÒV0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ö\$¡¡ÔCEUS.,Ô¤x~1Oru' (H¼ ž3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ2G+J ÿÿ0_level1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2D+J ÿÿ0_level2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2A+J ÿÿ0_level3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>+J ÿÿ0_level4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;+J ÿÿ0_level5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ 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<”ìDœôL¤2Ó(((((((((ÿÿ35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.)(1.(Oé;$µµà0  àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#à3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a),i)6' ÿÿ4heading 3Ñ  Ñò òÔ UK ÔÔ  ÔÔ  Ôó óÔ US ÔÑ  Ñ)(1. d)Hairline dTable_A(b·¤$¶¶à0  àà0` (#(#àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#à(xir$··à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àÔ2#Ô(Ú  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0¸ (#¸ (#๦.2— (;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à Ñ Ÿ Ñ(ŒÜ$¸¸à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àÔ2#Ô(Ú  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0h(#(#à(ŸF$¹¹à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àÔ2#Ô(Ú  ÚÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0Àh(#h(#à(³Àô$ººà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àÔ2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0À(#À(#à(ǵ{$»»à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0p(#(#à(F$ïïà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àÔ2#ÔÙ ÙÚ  ÚÚ  ÚÙ Ù)Ô3  Ôà0Èp(#p(#àÙ Ù8+56:;<=xë"Icgkosw{Large BulletLarge BulletTable_AÝ ƒö\!ÝÔCEUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÑ€9/WÑò òÓ  ÓÔ‡¼+X»XXÔCROATIAÔ#†X{fX»¼+Xm#ÔÐ ° ÐÓaÓÌÌFollow-up€-€State€ReportingÐ •å Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€Action€by€Treaty€Bodies,€Including€Reports€on€MissionsÐ Ï ÐÌÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô€A/58/40€vol.€I€(2003)Ð S £ ÐÌCHAPTER€VII.€€FOLLOW„UP€TO€CONCLUDING€OBSERVATIONSó óÐ ' w Ðòòò òÌó óóó...òòÐ û K  ÐOverview€of€the€application€of€the€follow„up€procedureóóÐ ä4  ÐÓ  ÓÌ265.€€At€its€seventy„first€session,€in€March€2001,€the€Committee€began€its€routine€practice€ofÐ ¶  Ðidentifying,€at€the€conclusion€of€each€set€of€concluding€observations,€a€limited€number€of€priorityÐ Ÿï  Ðconcerns€that€had€arisen€in€the€course€of€the€dialogue€with€the€State€party.€€The€Committee€hasÐ ˆØ  Ðidentified€such€priority€concerns€in€all€but€one€of€the€reports€of€States€parties€examined€since€theÐ qÁ Ðseventy„first€session.€€Accordingly,€it€requested€that€State€party€to€provide,€within€one€year,€theÐ Zª Ðinformation€sought.€€At€the€same€time,€the€Committee€provisionally€fixed€the€date€for€the€submissionÐ C“ Ðof€the€next€periodic€report.Ð ,| ÐÌ266.€€As€the€Committeeððs€mechanism€for€monitoring€follow„up€to€concluding€observations€was€onlyÐ þN Ðset€up€in€July€2002,€this€chapter€describes€the€results€of€this€procedure€from€its€initiation€at€theÐ ç7 Ðseventy„first€session€in€March€2001€to€the€close€of€the€seventy„eighth€session€in€August€2003.€Ð Ð  ÐThese€are€described€session€by€session,€but€in€future€reports€this€overview€will€limit€itself€to€anÐ ¹  Ðannual€assessment€of€the€procedure.€Ð ¢ò ÐÓuÓÌòòÌÔ*ƒƒ34 ›ddd Xdd Xdd X°(#°(#ƒÔÔ,@RRÔÔ,vRRÔÔ,bRRÔÔ,œ RRÔÔ+  ÔÐ 1']­]­ €€‚‚ƒƒ„„1ÐState€partyÐ  ]­ „„ÐDate€informationÐ ]­ ÐdueÐ  F– „„ÐDate€reply€receivedÐ  ]­  „„ÐFurther€action€óóÐ :0]­!  €€‚‚ƒƒ„„……:ÐòòSeventy„first€session€(March€2001)óóÐ 4*/ "  €€‚‚ƒƒ„„4ÐCroatiaÐ  !f# „„Ð6€April€2002Ð  !f$ „„Ð22€April€2003Ð  !f% „„ÐDecision€on€further€action€to€beÐ !f& Ðtaken€by€the€Committee€at€itsÐ ÿ!O' Ðseventy„ninth€session.Ð$è"8(   $ÐÌÐ  º$ ) Ðò òÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô€€A/59/40€vol.€I€(2004)ó óÐ ° ÐÌòòCHAPTER€VII.€€FOLLOW„UP€TO€CONCLUDING€OBSERVATIONSóóÐ ƒÓ ÐÌÓ  Ó...Ð U¥ Ð260.€€€For€all€reports€of€States€parties€examined€by€the€Committee€under€article€40€of€the€CovenantÐ > Ž Ðover€the€last€year,€the€Committee€has€identified,€according€to€its€developing€practice,€a€limitedÐ ' w Ðnumber€of€priority€concerns,€with€respect€to€which€it€seeks€the€State€partyððs€response,€within€aÐ  ` Ðperiod€of€a€year,€on€the€measures€taken€to€give€effect€to€its€recommendations.€€The€CommitteeÐ ù I Ðwelcomes€the€extent€and€depth€of€cooperation€under€this€procedure€by€States€parties,€as€may€beÐ â 2  Ðobserved€from€the€following€comprehensive€table.€€Of€the€27€States€parties€(detailed€below)€thatÐ Ë   Ðhave€been€before€the€Committee€under€the€follow„up€procedure€over€the€last€year,€only€oneÐ ´  Ð(Republic€of€Moldova)€has€failed€to€provide€information€at€the€latest€after€dispatch€of€a€reminder.€Ð í  ÐThe€Committee€reiterates€that€it€views€this€procedure€as€a€constructive€mechanism€by€which€theÐ †Ö  Ðdialogue€initiated€with€the€examination€of€a€report€can€be€continued,€and€which€serves€to€simplifyÐ o¿  Ðthe€process€of€the€next€periodic€report€on€the€part€of€the€State€party.Ð X¨  ÐÌ261.€€€The€table€below€details€the€experience€of€the€Committee€over€the€last€year.€€Accordingly,€itÐ *z Ðcontains€no€reference€to€those€States€parties€with€respect€to€which€the€Committee,€upon€assessmentÐ c Ðof€the€follow„up€responses€provided€to€it,€decided€to€take€no€further€action€prior€to€the€periodÐ üL Ðcovered€by€this€report.Ð å5 ÐÓï ÓÌÔ*–ƒ@A ‚d›d@RR@vRRvbRRbœ RRœ 34°(#°(#–ÔÔ,RRÔÔ,ŸRRÔÔ,†RRÔÔ,™ RRÔÔ+  ÔÐ 1'·· €€‚‚ƒÈƒ„„1ÐòòState€partyÐ  · „„ÐDate€informationóóÐ · ÐòòdueóóÐ   ð „„ÐòòDate€reply€receivedÐ  · „„ÐFurther€actionóóÐ :0· È  €€‚‚ƒÈƒ„„……:ÐòòSeventy„first€session€óó(òòMarch€2001óó)Ð 0&Q¡ È   €€‚‚ƒÈƒ0ÐCroatiaÐ 8. R à<â@37351‰à<â@‰8ÐÔ_Ô6€Ô_ÔApril€2002Ð ZP+R à<â@37351 à<â@ €lâ@37732‰€lâ@‰ZÐÔ_Ô22€April€2003à : àÔ_ÔÐ 7-+R €lâ@37732 €lâ@ 7ÐAt€its€seventy„ninth€session,Ð R  Ðthe€Committee€decided€toÐ ë;! Ðtake€no€further€action.Ð$Ô$" È   $ÐÐ  … Õ" ÐÑ9/WÑâ 9âÑŸ°Ñâ 9âÑ  ÑÌò òFollow„up€„€ReportingÐ ˆé Ðà  àAction€by€State€PartyÐ rÓ Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÌò òCCPR€€CCPR/CO/71/HRV/Add.1€(2003)ó óÐ .  ÐÌòòCOMMENTS€BY€THE€GOVERNMENT€OF€CROATIA€ON€THE€CONCLUDINGÐ  b ÐOBSERVATIONS€OF€THE€HUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEE€(CCPR/CO/71/HRV)óóÐ ê K ÐÌ[22€April€2003]Ð ¼   ÐÌòòTHE€MINISTRY€OF€JUSTICE,€ADMINISTRATION€AND€LOCAL€SELF-GOVERNMENTóóÐ Žï  ÐÌRe:à  àòòConcluding€observations€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€on€the€initial€report€by€theÐ `Á  ÐRepublic€of€Croatia€under€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€RightsóóÐ Iª  ÐÌà  àThe€Ministry€of€Justice,€Administration€and€Local€Self-government€hereby€provides€itsÐ | Ðobservations€in€reply€to€the€Concluding€Observations€of€the€Human€Rights€Committee€on€the€initialÐ e Ðreport€by€the€Republic€of€Croatia€under€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€asÐ íN Ðfollows.Ð Ö7 ÐÌòòPoint€7óóÐ ¨  ÐÌà  àThe€Republic€of€Croatia€is€aware€of€the€need€to€educate€judges€and€lawyers€on€human€rights,Ð zÛ Ðas€well€as€on€other€matters€which€arise€in€practice.€€It€has€accordingly€initiated€the€founding€of€aÐ cÄ ÐCentre€for€Professional€Training€of€Judges€and€Other€Judicial€Officials.€€In€2002€the€Council€ofÐ L­ ÐEurope€financed€the€holding€of€a€seminar€on€this€topic.€€The€Office€of€the€Government€Agent€of€theÐ 5– ÐRepublic€of€Croatia€before€the€European€Court€of€Human€Rights€proposed€a€training€programmeÐ  Ðto€be€drawn€up€for€2003.€€It€is€expected€that€the€Centre€will€start€to€work€in€a€short€time.Ð h ÐÌòòPoint€8óóÐ Ù : ÐÌà  àArticle€14€of€the€Constitution€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€reads€as€follows:€€"Everyone€in€theÐ «" ! ÐRepublic€of€Croatia€shall€enjoy€rights€and€freedoms,€regardless€of€race,€colour,€sex,€language,Ð ”#õ" Ðreligion,€political€or€other€belief,€national€or€social€origin,€property,€birth,€education,€social€statusÐ }$Þ# Ðor€other€characteristics.€€All€shall€be€equal€before€the€law."Ð f%Ç $ ÐÌà  àIt€stems€from€the€provisions€of€the€Constitution€quoted€that€it€applies€to€all€persons€who€areÐ 8'™"& Ðin€the€territory€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia,€which€is€in€accord€with€paragraph€1,€article€2,€of€theÐ !(‚#' ÐCovenant€according€to€which€each€State€party€undertakes€to€respect€and€to€ensure€to€all€individualsÐ  )k$( Ðwithin€its€territory€and€subject€to€its€jurisdiction€the€rights€recognized€in€this€Covenant,€withoutÐ ó)T%) Ðdistinction€of€any€kind,€such€as€race,€colour,€sex,€language,€religion,€political€or€other€opinion,Ð Ü*=&* Ðnational€or€social€origin,€property,€birth€or€other€status.Ð Å+&'+ ÐÌÐ —-ø(- ÐòòPoint€9óóÐ Ÿ ÐÌà  àArticle€17€of€the€Constitution€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€reads€as€follows:€€"During€a€stateÐ qÒ Ðof€war€or€an€immediate€threat€to€the€independence€and€unity€of€the€State,€or€in€the€event€of€severeÐ Z» Ðnatural€disasters,€individual€freedoms€and€rights€guaranteed€by€the€Constitution€may€be€restricted.€Ð C¤ ÐThis€shall€be€decided€by€the€Croatian€Parliament€by€a€two-thirds€majority€of€all€members€or,€if€theÐ ,  ÐCroatian€Parliament€is€unable€to€meet,€at€the€proposal€of€the€Government€and€with€the€co-signatureÐ  v Ðof€the€Prime€Minister,€by€the€President€of€the€Republic.Ð þ _ ÐÌà  àThe€extent€of€such€restrictions€shall€be€adequate€to€the€nature€of€the€danger,€and€may€notÐ Ð 1  Ðresult€in€the€inequality€of€persons€in€respect€of€race,€colour,€gender,€language,€religion,€national€orÐ ¹   Ðsocial€origin.€€Not€even€in€the€case€of€an€immediate€threat€to€the€existence€of€the€State€mayÐ ¢  Ðrestrictions€be€imposed€on€the€application€of€the€provisions€of€this€Constitution€concerning€the€rightÐ ‹ì  Ðto€life,€prohibition€of€torture,€cruel€or€degrading€treatment€or€punishment,€on€the€legal€definitionsÐ tÕ  Ðof€penal€offences€and€punishments,€or€on€freedom€of€thought,€conscience€and€religion."Ð ]¾  ÐÌà  àWe€believe€that€the€article€of€the€Constitution€quoted€is€not€contrary€to€the€requirements€ofÐ / Ðarticle€4€of€the€Covenant.€€The€provision€of€the€Constitution€is€defined€somewhat€more€broadly€fromÐ y Ð"a€public€emergency€which€threatens€the€life€of€the€nation".€€However,€the€provisions€mentioned€areÐ b Ðin€accordance€with€article€4€of€the€Covenant,€since€the€extent€is€strictly€determined€by€the€needsÐ êK Ðstemming€from€the€exigencies€of€the€situation,€and€the€measures€are€not€incompatible€with€otherÐ Ó4 Ðprovisions€under€international€law.€€It€stems€from€the€provisions€quoted€that€a€state€of€war,€anÐ ¼ Ðimmediate€threat€to€the€independence€and€unity€of€the€State€and€severe€natural€disasters€must€firstÐ ¥ Ðbe€declared,€i.e.€a€two-thirds€majority€of€Members€of€the€Croatian€Parliament,€the€representative€andÐ Žï Ðlegislative€body€of€all€the€citizens€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia,€must€first€so€decide,€or€that€theÐ wØ ÐPresident€of€the€Republic€decides€on€this€with€a€co-signature€of€the€Prime€Minister.€€This€means€thatÐ `Á Ðmatters€so€important€as€a€"threat€to€the€life€of€a€nation"€will€be€decided€upon,€and€the€decision€needÐ Iª Ðnot€always€be€positive.€€It€can€be€decided,€that€is,€the€assessment€can€be€made,€that€this€threat€doesÐ 2“ Ðnot€exist.€€Furthermore,€the€right€to€life€is€protected;€torture,€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatmentÐ | Ðor€punishment€is€prohibited;€legal€qualification€of€punishable€offences€and€punishments€is€respected,Ð e Ðas€well€as€the€freedom€of€thought,€conscience€and€religion.Ð íN ÐÌà  àA€violation€of€the€rights€from€article€8,€paragraphs€1€and€2,€article€11€and€article€16€of€theÐ ¿!   ÐCovenant€is€a€criminal€offence€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia.€€Criminal€offences€determined€by€lawÐ ¨" ! Ðremain€criminal€offences€during€a€state€of€emergency.€€We€deem€that€article€17€of€the€ConstitutionÐ ‘#ò" Ðof€the€Republic€of€Croatia€is€not€contrary€to€the€provisions€of€the€International€Covenant€on€CivilÐ z$Û# Ðand€Political€Rights.Ð c%Ä $ ÐÌà  àIn€connection€with€article€100€of€the€Constitution,€which€relates€to€the€powers€of€theÐ 5'–"& ÐPresident€of€the€Republic€during€a€state€of€war€to€issue€decrees€with€the€force€of€law€in€cases€whenÐ (#' Ðthe€Croatian€Parliament€is€unable€to€convene,€we€maintain€that€the€solutions€for€matters€which€mayÐ )h$( Ðarise€in€a€state€of€emergency€in€which€a€State€could€find€itself€must€be€regulated€in€some€way.Ð ð)Q%) ÐÌÌÌÐ ”-õ(- ÐòòPoint€10.à ` àThe€overview€of€the€situation€regarding€criminal€offences€against€the€values€protectedÐ Ÿ Ðby€international€lawóóÐ ˆé ÐÌà  àInvestigations€and€criminal€proceedings€for€war€crimes€have€been€conducted€from€theÐ Z» Ðbeginning€of€the€aggression€against€the€Republic€of€Croatia.€€Up€until€2000,€the€proceedings€wereÐ C¤ Ðconducted€mostly€for€crimes€against€the€Croatian€population.€€Since€2000,€investigations€andÐ ,  Ðcriminal€trials€have€been€taking€place€also€for€crimes€committed€against€the€Serbian€population.€Ð  v ÐSome€of€the€proceedings€conducted€previously,€where€offences€were€not€qualified€in€the€proper€way,Ð þ _ Ðand,€accordingly,€adequate€punishments€were€not€imposed,€are€being€reopened€when€this€is€legallyÐ ç H Ðpossible.€€The€competent€bodies€are€making€every€effort€in€investigating€and€processing€all€warÐ Ð 1  Ðcrimes.Ð ¹   ЀÌà  àOne€hundred€and€sixty-six€persons€were€òòreportedóó€for€having€committed€war€crimes€in€1991,Ð ‹ì  Ð1,026€persons€in€1992,€756€persons€in€1993,€486€persons€in€1994,€777€persons€in€1995,€935€personsÐ tÕ  Ðin€1996,€153€persons€in€1997,€58€persons€in€1998,€34€persons€in€1999,€47€persons€in€2000,€92Ð ]¾  Ðpersons€in€2001,€116€persons€in€2002,€that€is€a€total€of€4,466€persons€in€the€period€between€1991€andÐ F§  Ð2002.Ð / ÐÌà  àA€total€of€205€persons€were€òòindictedóó€in€1991€and€1992,€193€persons€in€1993,€247€persons€inÐ b Ð1994,€192€persons€in€1995,€385€persons€in€1996,€248€persons€in€1997,€36€persons€in€1998,€10Ð êK Ðpersons€in€1999,€6€persons€in€2000,€112€persons€in€2001,€40€persons€in€2002,€that€is€a€total€of€1,786Ð Ó4 Ðpersons€in€the€period€between€1991€and€2002.Ð ¼ ÐÌà  àA€total€of€53€persons€were€òòconvictedóó€in€1991€and€1992,€157€persons€in€1993,€127€personsÐ Žï Ðin€1994,€82€persons€in€1995,€57€persons€in€1996,€127€persons€in€1997,€33€persons€in€1998,€32Ð wØ Ðpersons€in€1999,€23€persons€in€2000,€36€persons€in€2001,€50€persons€in€2002,€that€is€a€total€of€777Ð `Á Ðpersons€in€the€period€between€1991€and€2002.Ð Iª ÐÌà  àTwo€persons€were€either€òòacquitted€óóor€òòcharges€against€them€were€rejectedóó€in€1991€and€1992,Ð | Ð12€persons€in€1993,€3€persons€in€1994,€3€persons€in€1995,€8€persons€in€1996,€13€persons€in€1997,€6Ð e Ðpersons€in€1998,€2€persons€in€1999,€18€persons€in€2000,€22€persons€in€2001,€13€persons€in€2002,€thatÐ íN Ðis€a€total€of€102€persons€in€the€period€between€1991€and€2002.Ð Ö 7 ÐÌà  àA€total€of€85€òòmotions€to€carry€out€investigation€óófor€war€crimes€were€filed€in€2002.Ð ¨" ! ÐÌà  àThe€Republic€of€Croatia€and€its€judiciary€will€also€continue€in€the€future€work€on€theÐ z$Û# Ðidentification€and€bringing€to€trial€of€all€the€individual€perpetrators€who€committed€war€crimesÐ c%Ä $ Ðduring€the€armed€conflict€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia.Ð L&­!% ÐÌòòPoint€11óóÐ (#' ÐÌà  àThe€Republic€of€Croatia€advocates€impartial€prosecution€of€war€crimes€regardless€of€theÐ ð)Q%) Ðnationality€of€suspects,€including€the€non-discriminatory€application€of€the€General€Amnesty€Act,Ð Ù*:&* Ðin€accord€with€the€highest€legal€standards.Ð Â+#'+ ÐÌà  àThe€General€Amnesty€Act€("Narodne€novine"€(The€òòOfficial€Gazette€of€the€Republic€ofÐ ”-õ(- ÐCroatiaóó),€No.€80/96)€does€not€provide€a€definition€of€a€war€crime.€€However,€article€3,€paragraphÐ Ÿ Ð1,€provides€an€exhaustive€list€prescribing€that€the€perpetrators€of€the€most€serious€violations€ofÐ ˆé Ðhumanitarian€law,€which€have€the€characteristics€of€a€war€crime,€shall€be€exempted€from€theÐ qÒ Ðamnesty€for€the€criminal€offences€committed€during€aggression,€armed€rebellion€or€armed€conflictsÐ Z» Ðand€in€connection€with€aggression,€armed€rebellion€or€armed€conflicts€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia,Ð C¤ Ðnamely€for€the€following€criminal€offences:€€the€criminal€offence€of€genocide€from€article€156;€theÐ ,  Ðwar€crime€against€the€civilian€population€from€article€158;€the€war€crime€against€the€wounded€andÐ  v Ðsick€from€article€159;€the€war€crime€against€prisoners€of€war€from€article€160;€unlawful€killing€andÐ þ _ Ðwounding€of€the€enemy€from€article€161;€unlawful€taking€of€the€belongings€of€those€killed€orÐ ç H Ðwounded€on€the€battlefield€from€article€162;€the€use€of€forbidden€means€of€warfare€from€article€163;Ð Ð 1  Ðinjury€of€a€mediator€from€article€164;€brutal€treatment€of€the€wounded,€sick€and€prisoners€of€warÐ ¹   Ðfrom€article€165;€unjustified€delay€of€the€release€of€prisoners€of€war€from€article€166;€destructionÐ ¢  Ðof€cultural€assets€or€of€facilities€containing€cultural€assets€from€article€167;€war€of€aggression€fromÐ ‹ì  Ðarticle€157;€misuse€of€international€symbols€from€article€168;€racial€and€other€discrimination€fromÐ tÕ  Ðarticle€174;€establishment€of€slavery€and€the€transport€of€slaves€from€article€175;€internationalÐ ]¾  Ðterrorism€from€article€169;€endangering€the€safety€of€persons€under€international€protection€fromÐ F§  Ðarticle€170;€the€taking€of€hostages€from€article€171€of€the€Penal€Code€("Narodne€novine"€Nos.Ð / Ð110/97,€27/98,€129/00€and€51/01)€and€the€criminal€offence€of€terrorism€regulated€by€the€provisionsÐ y Ðof€international€law.Ð b ÐÌà  àWe€emphasize€that€the€General€Amnesty€Act€does€not€apply€to€persons€accused€of€seriousÐ Ó4 Ðhuman€rights€violations.€€It€applies,€by€means€of€the€exercise€of€due€diligence,€to€the€cases€whereÐ ¼ Ðthere€is€no€sufficient€evidence€that€these€were€war€crimes,€and€war€crimes€are€not€subject€to€amnestyÐ ¥ Ðfrom€criminal€prosecution.Ð Žï ÐÌà  àThe€General€Amnesty€Act€was€applied€to€220€persons€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia€in€theÐ `Á Ðperiod€between€1€January€and€31€December€2002.Ð Iª ÐÌòòPoints€12€and€13óóÐ | ÐÌà  àThe€Republic€of€Croatia€has€recognized€the€importance€of€the€fight€against€organized€crime,Ð íN Ðand,€within€this€fight,€of€the€combat€against€all€forms€of€criminal€activities€related€to€the€traffickingÐ Ö 7 Ðin€and€smuggling€of€human€beings,€especially€women€and€children.Ð ¿!   ÐÌà  àLocated€at€an€international€intersection€of€traffic€routes€used€by€organized€crime€for€theÐ ‘#ò" Ðpurpose€of€trafficking€in€and€smuggling€of€people,€Croatia€has€undertaken€significant€activities€inÐ z$Û# Ðthe€fields€of€legislation€and€prevention,€as€well€as€in€the€development€and€equipping€of€institutionsÐ c%Ä $ Ðfor€the€more€efficient€fight€against€organized€crime.Ð L&­!% ÐÌà  àOn€7€November€2002€the€Republic€of€Croatia€ratified€the€United€Nations€Convention€againstÐ (#' ÐTransnational€Organized€Crime€with€the€Protocol€to€Prevent,€Suppress€and€Punish€Trafficking€inÐ )h$( ÐPersons,€Especially€Women€and€Children€and€the€Protocol€against€the€Smuggling€of€Migrants€byÐ ð)Q%) ÐLand,€Air€and€Sea€thereto€and€the€Ministerial€Declaration€on€Trafficking€in€Human€Beings.€€TheÐ Ù*:&* ÐConventions€and€bilateral€agreements€signed€provide€for€vast€opportunities€for€cooperation€betweenÐ Â+#'+ Ðthe€Republic€of€Croatia€and€other€States€at€a€global€level,€but€first€all€forms€of€cooperation€with€theÐ «, (, Ðcountries€in€the€region€need€to€be€promoted,€since€our€neighbours€are€located€on€the€main€transitÐ ”-õ(- Ðroutes€used€by€organized€crime€for€the€trafficking€in€and€smuggling€of€people.Ð Ÿ ÐÌà  àThe€criminal€legislation€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€(the€Penal€Code,€the€Criminal€ProcedureÐ qÒ ÐAct€and€the€Office€for€the€Combat€against€Corruption€and€Organized€Crime€Act)€contains€provisionsÐ Z» Ðwhich€provide€a€framework€for€the€fight€against€trafficking€in€human€beings.Ð C¤ ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€Penal€Code€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€contains€provisions€which€can€beÐ  v Ðapplied€to€criminal€activities€related€to€the€trafficking€in€human€beings€(article€175:€€"EstablishmentÐ þ _ Ðof€Slavery€and€Transport€of€Slaves";€article€177:€€"Unlawful€Transfer€of€Persons€across€the€StateÐ ç H ÐBorder";€article€178:€€"International€Prostitution";€and€article€195:€€"Pandering"),€it€was€preciselyÐ Ð 1  Ðwith€a€view€to€providing€a€transparent€and€clear€definition€and€to€making€it€easier€to€distinguishÐ ¹   Ðcriminal€activities€that€the€work€on€the€amendments€to€the€Penal€Code€was€started.Ð ¢  ÐÌà  àThe€Proposal€of€the€Amendments€to€the€Penal€Code€Act€envisages€an€amended€incriminationÐ tÕ  Ðfrom€article€175,€with€an€amended€title:€€"The€Establishment€of€Slavery€and€Trafficking€in€HumanÐ ]¾  ÐBeings".€€Recognizing€the€definition€of€"trafficking€in€human€beings"€from€the€United€NationsÐ F§  ÐConvention€against€Transnational€Organized€Crime€and€the€Protocol€thereto€to€Prevent,€SuppressÐ / Ðand€Punish€Trafficking€in€Persons,€Especially€Women€and€Children,€the€text€of€the€amendmentsÐ y Ðproposed€underlines€the€essential€elements€of€the€criminal€offence:Ð b ÐÌÓ‡ ?8+56:;<=>(ë"y3,ÓÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£[ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝRecruitment,€transportation,€transfer,€purchase,€sale,€harbouring€or€receipt€ofÐ Ó4 Ðpersons;݃83£[X[݌м` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£U\ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝBy€means€of€various€forms€of€coercion€or€fraud,€or€the€abuse€of€power;݃83£U\Ž\݌Х` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£e]ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝFor€the€purpose€of€exploitation,€forced€labour€or€servitude,€sexual€exploitation€orÐ Žï Ðillicit€transplantation€of€parts€of€the€human€body.݃83£e]ž]ÝŒÐwØ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ýà0  àÐ (#(# ÐÓ…† ,(#3y?8+56:;<=>žZ…Óà  àTrafficking€in€children€or€minors€would€constitute€a€more€serious€form€of€this€criminalÐ Iª Ðoffence,€with€a€harsher€sanction€imposed.€€The€incrimination€of€taking€away€or€destruction€of€aÐ 2“ Ðpersonal€identification€card,€passport€or€another€identification€document€in€connection€with€theÐ | Ðabove€is€being€introduced€as€well€as€a€new€incrimination€which€will€apply€to€the€user€of€a€serviceÐ e Ðwho€knew€that€the€service€was€obtained€from€a€victim€of€trafficking€in€human€beings.Ð íN ÐÌà  àA€separate€paragraph€of€this€article€which€regulates€trafficking€in€human€beings€willÐ ¿!   Ðemphasize€that€the€fact€that€a€person€has€given€consent€to€forced€labour€or€servitude,€sexualÐ ¨" ! Ðexploitation,€slavery€or€practices€similar€to€slavery€or€illicit€transplantation€of€parts€of€his€or€herÐ ‘#ò" Ðbody€has€no€relevance€for€the€existence€of€this€criminal€offence.Ð z$Û# ÐÌà  àThe€final€Proposal€of€Amendments€to€the€Penal€Code€will€be€forwarded€for€parliamentaryÐ L&­!% Ðprocedure€in€March€2003.Ð 5'–"& ÐÌà  àArticle€177€of€the€Penal€Code€covers€the€field€of€combat€against€illicit€transfers€of€personsÐ )h$( Ðacross€the€State€border,€that€is€it€includes€the€prohibition€of€smuggling€of€people€across€the€borderÐ ð)Q%) Ðcommitted€for€lucrative€purposes,€while€article€178€contains€various€forms€of€prohibition€ofÐ Ù*:&* Ðincitement€and€pandering€for€the€purposes€of€international€prostitution.Ð Â+#'+ ÐÌà  àIn€article€279,€the€Penal€Code€contains€also€the€incrimination€of€concealing€money€obtainedÐ ”-õ(- Ðillegally,€that€is€money€laundering.€€In€addition€to€the€existing€Prevention€of€Money€Laundering€Act,Ð Ÿ Ðthis€provision€represents€the€basis€for€the€combat€against€organized€crime,€which€aspires€to€legalizeÐ ˆé Ðdirty€money€obtained€through€the€trafficking€in€and€smuggling€of€human€beings€by€means€of€variousÐ qÒ Ðfinancial€and€other€activities.Ð Z» ÐÌà  àThe€Penal€Code€also€contains€provisions€on€the€confiscation€of€pecuniary€benefit€obtainedÐ ,  Ðby€a€criminal€offence€as€well€as€criminal€law€sanctions€which€also€represent,€in€the€sense€of€generalÐ  v Ðprevention,€a€framework€for€the€combat€against€this€type€of€crime.Ð þ _ ÐÌà  àThe€Office€for€the€Combat€against€Corruption€and€Organized€Crime€Act€contains€proceduralÐ Ð 1  Ðprovisions€relating€to€security€measures€and€measures€of€forceful€deprivation€of€the€proceeds€orÐ ¹   Ðother€pecuniary€benefit€obtained€through€criminal€offences,€allowing€in€this€manner€for€moreÐ ¢  Ðefficient€confiscation€of€any€profit€where€grounds€for€suspicion€exist€that€it€stems€from€theÐ ‹ì  Ðtrafficking€in€and€smuggling€of€human€beings,€in€cases€when€these€criminal€offences€wereÐ tÕ  Ðcommitted€through€the€activities€carried€out€by€organized€crime.€€As€a€specialized€State's€Attorney'sÐ ]¾  ÐOffice,€the€Office€is,€inter€alia,€responsible€for€the€prosecution€of€criminal€offences€of€transnationalÐ F§  Ðorganized€crime.€€This€allows€for€continuing€planned€and€systematic€activities€by€the€State'sÐ / ÐAttorney's€Office,€the€police€and€other€competent€bodies€of€State€authorities€and€the€courts€in€theÐ y Ðcombat€against€organized€crime€also€in€the€field€of€trafficking€in€and€smuggling€of€human€beings.Ð b ÐÌà  àThe€Criminal€Procedure€Act€("Narodne€novine",€Nos.€110/97,€27/98,€58/99€and€112/99)Ð Ó4 Ðcontains€procedural€institutions€and€measures€offering€to€the€State's€attorney's€offices,€the€police€andÐ ¼ Ðthe€courts€the€framework€for€the€detection,€investigation€and€processing€of€criminal€offences€ofÐ ¥ Ðtrafficking€in€and€smuggling€of€human€beings€and€for€the€imposition€of€appropriate€criminal€lawÐ Žï Ðsanctions€upon€them,€as€well€as€for€the€confiscation€of€the€profits€obtained€through€these€criminalÐ wØ Ðoffences.Ð `Á ÐÌà  àA€òòNational€Action€Plan€to€Combat€Trafficking€in€Human€Beingsóó€has€been€made€within€theÐ 2“ ÐStability€Pact€Anti-Trafficking€Initiative€and€was€adopted€by€the€Government€of€the€Republic€ofÐ | ÐCroatia€on€14€November€2002.€€The€National€Action€Plan€envisages€the€activities€connected€to€theÐ e Ðfollowing:€€the€creation€of€an€adequate€legal€framework;€offering€assistance€to€victims;€prevention;Ð íN Ðinternational€cooperation€and€coordination€of€activities€and€training.Ð Ö 7 ÐÌà  àThe€combat€against€the€trafficking€in€human€beings€and€illegal€migration,€against€the€dangersÐ ¨" ! Ðinherent€in€these€activities€and€their€connections€with€all€the€forms€of€corruption,€cannot€be€carriedÐ ‘#ò" Ðout€efficiently€without€an€additional€training€of€the€police,€the€courts,€the€State's€attorneys,€customsÐ z$Û# Ðand€other€supervisory€services.€€Having€recognized€the€significance€of€training€as€an€instrument€forÐ c%Ä $ Ðthe€efficient€fight€against€trafficking,€the€Ministry€of€Justice,€Administration€and€LocalÐ L&­!% ÐSelf-government€has€established€the€Centre€for€the€Professional€Training€of€Judges€and€OtherÐ 5'–"& ÐJudicial€Officials.Ð (#' ÐÌà  àIn€the€period€between€1991€and€31€December€2002,€a€total€of€1,538€criminal€offences€againstÐ ð)Q%) Ðthe€values€protected€by€international€law€were€registered€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia.Ð Ù*:&* ÐÌà  àDuring€and€immediately€in€the€aftermath€of€the€military-police€actions€"Flesh"€and€"Storm",Ð «, (, Ðthat€is€in€1995,€26€perpetrators€were€registered€of€the€criminal€offence€of€murder€in€the€Republic€ofÐ ”-õ(- ÐCroatia€with€a€total€of€47€victims,€mainly€civilian€persons€of€Serbian€nationality.€€Seventeen€casesÐ Ÿ Ðin€which€a€total€of€32€persons€were€killed€were€resolved€out€of€these€26€criminal€offencesÐ ˆé Ðcommitted,€in€such€a€manner€that€criminal€reports€were€filed€with€the€competent€State's€attorney'sÐ qÒ Ðoffices€against€22€persons.€€In€all€these€cases€judicial€proceedings€were€instituted.€€According€toÐ Z» Ðinformation€we€have,€some€of€these€proceedings€have€been€completed,€and€some€are€still€pending.Ð C¤ ÐÌà  àIt€should€be€mentioned€that€nationality,€as€a€motive€for€murder,€was€identified€inÐ  v Ðapproximately€1€per€cent€of€all€the€murders€committed€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia€during€the€lastÐ þ _ Ðseveral€years€in€which€the€perpetrators€were€identified€and€court€proceedings€instituted.Ð ç H ÐÌà  àFurthermore,€in€cooperation€with€the€judicial€authorities,€the€Ministry€of€the€Interior€hasÐ ¹   Ðintensified€the€work€on€the€investigation€into€all€available€crime€information€and€knowledge€aboutÐ ¢  Ðthe€perpetrators€of€and€criminal€offences€committed€during€the€aggression,€armed€rebellion€or€armedÐ ‹ì  Ðconflicts,€and€in€connection€with€the€aggression,€armed€rebellion€or€armed€conflicts€in€the€RepublicÐ tÕ  Ðof€Croatia,€regardless€of€the€nationality€of€victims€or€perpetrators€(see€the€table€showing€criminalÐ ]¾  Ðoffences€against€the€values€protected€by€international€law,€with€the€total€number€of€criminal€offencesÐ F§  Ðand€persons€reported€in€the€period€between€1990€and€2002).Ð / ÐÌà  àSpecialized€organizational€units€for€the€investigation€of€war€crimes€have€been€organized€andÐ b Ðare€operating€within€the€Ministry€of€the€Interior.€€Police€officers€specially€trained€for€the€criminalÐ êK Ðinvestigation€of€criminal€offences€against€the€values€protected€by€international€law€are€working€inÐ Ó4 Ðthese€units.Ð ¼ ÐÌÓ€ ?8+56:;<=>(ë"y3,ÓÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚83£6€ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0  àÝ  ÝòòTo€substantiate€this€we€enclose€a€table€showing€criminal€offences€against€the€valuesÐ Žï Ðprotected€by€international€law.óó݃83£6€c€ÝŒÐwØ(#(# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌòòPoint€14óóÐ G¨ ÐÌà  àThe€manner€of€solving€the€problem€of€the€abuse€of€prisoners€by€fellow€prisoners€is€regulatedÐ z Ðby€the€Execution€of€Prison€Sentence€Act€("Narodne€novine"€Nos.€128/99,€55/00,€129/00,€59/01€andÐ c Ð67/01).€€Such€behaviour€is€qualified€as€a€more€serious€disciplinary€offence.€€Two€hundred€and€twelveÐ ëL Ðdisciplinary€proceedings€for€conflicts€between€prisoners€were€instituted€in€2001,€and€219€in€2002.Ð Ô 5 ÐÌà  àPsychosocial€assistance€and€support€is€being€offered€in€cases€of€abuse.€€The€possibility€ofÐ ¦"! Ðdislocating€the€abusers€to€another€ward€or€transferring€them€to€another€penitentiary€or€prison€for€theÐ #ð" Ðpurpose€of€preventing€contacts€and€mitigating€harmful€consequences€is€also€available.Ð x$Ù# ÐÌòòPoints€15€and€20.à ¸ àThe€return€of€resettled€persons€and€the€reconstruction€of€destroyed€propertyóóÐ J&«!% ÐÌà  àIn€the€period€between€1€January€and€31€December€2002,€the€Ministry€of€Justice,Ð (}#' ÐAdministration€and€Local€Self-government€checked€the€data€on€sentencing€for€467€persons€who€hadÐ )f$( Ðfiled€applications€to€return€to€the€Republic€of€Croatia€from€Bosnia€and€Herzegovina€and€the€FederalÐ î)O%) ÐRepublic€of€Yugoslavia.€€Four€hundred€and€forty-seven€out€of€467€persons€have€not€had€anyÐ ×*8&* Ðprevious€convictions.€€The€Ministry€has€forwarded€these€data€to€the€UNHCR.Ð À+!'+ ÐÌà  àAlready€in€2001€the€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€initiated€and€carried€out€theÐ ’-ó(- Ðmajority€of€the€measures€necessary€to€ensure€and€speed€up€the€return€of€all€displaced€CroatianÐ Ÿ Ðcitizens€to€their€homes,€with€priority€given€to€the€activities€which€provide€accommodation€for€all€theÐ ˆé Ðremaining€displaced€persons€and€refugees,€and€guarantee€sustainable€return.€€The€GovernmentÐ qÒ Ðcontinued€to€implement€these€measures€in€2002€and€2003.€€The€activities€mentioned€primarily€relateÐ Z» Ðto€the€reconstruction€of€their€homes€in€Croatia€and€Bosnia€and€Herzegovina,€the€repossession€ofÐ C¤ Ðproperty€and€housing€accommodation€in€Croatia€for€the€returnees€who€do€not€have€property,Ð ,  Ðincluding€those€who€are€former€holders€of€protected€tenancy€rights€and€refugees€who€opted€for€localÐ  v Ðintegration€in€Croatia€as€the€final€solution.Ð þ _ ЀÌà  àIn€particular,€the€activities€mentioned€can€be€categorized€in€the€following€basic€groups:Ð Ð 1  ÐÌÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£÷‹ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝThe€return€of€property€according€to€the€Action€Plan€of€the€Government€of€theÐ ¢  ÐRepublic€of€Croatia€for€the€implementation€of€the€return€of€property€up€until€the€endÐ ‹ì  Ðof€2002€(the€deadline€for€the€implementation€of€the€measure€is€the€end€of€2002€andÐ tÕ  Ðfurther);݃83£÷‹0ŒÝŒÐ]¾ ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£üÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝHousing€accommodation€for€the€temporary€occupants€of€the€property€currentlyÐ F§  Ðoccupied€by€means€of€alternative€accommodation€or€the€completion€of€theÐ / Ðreconstruction€of€damaged€housing€units€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia€or€Bosnia€andÐ y ÐHerzegovina€(the€deadline€for€the€implementation€of€the€measure€is€the€end€of€2003Ð b Ðand€further);݃83£ü5ŽÝŒÐêK` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£[ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝThe€reconstruction€of€damaged€housing€units€and€basic€infrastructure€(the€deadlineÐ Ó4 Ðfor€the€implementation€of€the€measure€-€end€of€2004€and€further);݃83£[”݌м` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£Í‘ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝHousing€accommodation€of€the€returnees€who€do€not€have€any€property€(the€deadlineÐ ¥ Ðfor€the€implementation€of€the€measure€-€continuously);݃83£Í‘’݌Ўï` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£3“ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝThe€provision€of€the€unified€application€of€new€laws€and€regulations€and€proceduresÐ wØ Ðfor€the€repossession€of€property.݃83£3“l“ÝŒÐ`Á` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àEach€of€the€activities€mentioned€is€accompanied€by€a€concrete€programme€implemented€byÐ 2“ Ðthe€Croatian€Government,€and€by€significant€financial€means€invested€in€each€programme.€€TheyÐ | Ðare€based€on€concrete€decisions€and€regulations€of€the€Croatian€Government€rendered€and€adoptedÐ e Ðover€the€past€two€years,€whose€objective€is€to€speed€up€and€finish€all€the€processes,€among€whichÐ íN Ðthe€following€should€be€especially€mentioned.Ð Ö 7 ÐÌà  àAmendments€to€the€Reconstruction€Act€and€Amendments€to€the€Areas€of€Special€StateÐ ¨" ! ÐConcern€Act€were€already€enacted€in€the€first€part€of€2000.€€Discriminatory€provisions€were€removedÐ ‘#ò" Ðfrom€these€Acts,€by€which€all€the€returnees€were€provided€with€an€equal€right€to€return.€€In€additionÐ z$Û# Ðmore€flexible€and€efficient€systems€of€reconstruction€and€housing€accommodation€were€defined.€Ð c%Ä $ ÐThis€was€a€clear€sign€to€all€the€Croatian€refugees€and€an€invitation€to€return€to€the€Republic€ofÐ L&­!% ÐCroatia€and€to€their€homes.Ð 5'–"& ÐÌà  àIn€March€2001,€the€Government€held€a€special€thematic€session€in€Knin€on€the€areas€ofÐ )h$( Ðspecial€State€concern€and€rendered€a€set€of€decisions€and€incentive€measures€for€the€return.€€TheÐ ð)Q%) Ðmeasures€covered€a€broad€field€from€legislation,€property€issues€and€reconstruction€to€economicÐ Ù*:&* Ðrevitalization.€€The€results€of€the€implementation€of€these€decisions€and€measures€should€be€pointedÐ Â+#'+ Ðout:Ð «, (, ÐÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£ ›ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝThe€implementation€of€the€revision€of€all€occupied€private€property,€since€it€wasÐ ”-õ(- Ðfound€that€the€housing€commission€responsible€up€until€then€for€the€repossession€ofÐ Ÿ Ðproperty€had€not€provided€reliable€records€of€the€occupied€property;݃83£ ›F›ÝŒÐˆé` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£éœÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝThe€implementation€of€an€expanded€reconstruction€programme;€in€September€2001Ð qÒ Ðthe€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€rendered€a€decision€on€taking€additionalÐ Z» Ðloans€on€the€domestic€market€for€the€purpose€of€implementation€of€an€expandedÐ C¤ Ðreconstruction€programme;݃83£éœ"ÝŒÐ, ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£÷žÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝThe€initiatives€for€legislative€amendments€with€an€emphasis€on€the€solution€of€theÐ  v Ðissue€of€the€return€of€property;݃83£÷ž0ŸÝŒÐþ _` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£ "ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£H ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝThe€activities€focused€on€the€incentives€for€businesses€and€reconstruction€of€the€localÐ ç H Ðeconomy€by€means€of€loans€from€the€Croatian€Bank€for€Reconstruction€andÐ Ð 1  ÐDevelopment,€as€well€as€activities€providing€incentives€for€employment;݃83£H  ÝŒÐ¹  ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£ "ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£!¢ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝRehabilitation€activities;݃83£!¢Z¢ÝŒÐ¢ ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£ "ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83££ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝActivities€in€the€field€of€the€renovation€of€infrastructure€through€physicalÐ ‹ì  Ðreconstruction€and€set-off€of€debt€to€òòHrvatska€Elektroprivredaóó€(Croatian€ElectricityÐ tÕ  ÐCompany)€and€òòHrvatske€vodeóó€(Croatian€Waters);݃83££>£ÝŒÐ]¾ ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£ "ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£Ò¤ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝThe€support€programme€of€the€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€for€the€returnÐ F§  Ðof€Croats€to€Bosnia€and€Herzegovina€-€so€far,€625€families€of€returnees€to€Bosnia€andÐ / ÐHerzegovina€with€2,257€family€members,€who€previously€lived€in€Croatia€asÐ y Ðrefugees,€have€received€assistance€through€donations€of€construction€material€forÐ b Ðreconstruction.݃83£Ò¤ ¥ÝŒÐêK` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àEspecially€significant€progress€has€been€achieved€in€the€field€of€the€repossession€of€occupiedÐ ¼ Ðprivate€property,€as€one€of€the€key€elements€of€the€return€and€protection€of€human€rights,€especiallyÐ ¥ Ðthe€right€to€dispose€of€private€property.€€In€the€second€half€of€2001,€the€Government€launched€aÐ Žï Ðcomprehensive€reform€of€the€system€of€repossession€of€property,€on€the€basis€of€a€review€of€allÐ wØ Ðoccupied€property€which€was€carried€out€by€the€Ministry€of€Public€Works,€Reconstruction€andÐ `Á ÐConstruction€in€the€first€half€of€that€year.€€This€provided€a€clear€definition€of€the€initial€situation.€Ð Iª ÐIn€September€2001€the€Croatian€Government€rendered€a€decision€to€complete€the€process€ofÐ 2“ Ðrepossession€of€all€occupied€property€by€the€end€of€2002.€€The€implementation€of€this€decision€wasÐ | Ðelaborated€in€a€plan€called€the€Action€Plan€for€the€Repossession€of€Property€adopted€by€theÐ e ÐGovernment€in€December€2002,€which€elaborates€in€detail€the€activities€and€measures,€together€withÐ íN Ðthe€deadlines€for€the€repossession€of€property€and€for€providing€housing€accommodation€to€theÐ Ö 7 Ðtemporary€occupants€of€the€occupied€property.€€The€legal€definition€of€these€activities€for€theÐ ¿!   Ðspeeding€up€of€the€repossession€of€property€which€have€been€launched,€was€given€in€theÐ ¨" ! Ðamendments€to€the€Areas€of€Special€State€Concern€Act€of€July€2002€("Narodne€novine",€No.€88/02).Ð ‘#ò" ÐÌà  àThe€Amendments€mentioned€harmonized€and€amended€the€procedure€for€the€repossessionÐ c%Ä $ Ðof€property,€defined€the€deadline€for€the€repossession€of€property€by€the€owners€as€the€end€of€2002Ð L&­!% Ðand€disbanded€the€local€housing€commissions€which€had€been€responsible€for€the€repossession€ofÐ 5'–"& Ðproperty€up€until€then.€€The€overall€responsibility€for€the€return€of€property€was€taken€on€by€theÐ (#' ÐMinistry€of€Public€Works,€Reconstruction€and€Construction€as€of€30€August€2002.€€Also,€this€ActÐ )h$( Ðintroduced€the€measures€for€the€more€efficient€management€and€use€of€State-owned€housingÐ ð)Q%) Ðfacilities.€€Temporary€occupants€of€occupied€property€were€given€priority€in€housing€accommodationÐ Ù*:&* Ðin€order€to€ensure€the€repossession€of€property,€thus€giving€priority€to€the€owners€of€the€occupiedÐ Â+#'+ Ðproperty€over€other€returnees.Ð «, (, ÐÐ ”-õ(- Ðà  àThe€Regulation€on€the€Order€of€Priority€for€Housing€Accommodation€in€the€Areas€of€SpecialÐ Ÿ ÐState€Concern€("Narodne€novine"€No.€116/02)€established€the€order€of€priority€when€deciding€onÐ ˆé Ðapplications€for€housing€accommodation€of€other€returnees€to€the€areas€of€special€State€concern€whoÐ qÒ Ðdid€not€have€any€property.€€Among€these,€the€priority€was€given,€inter€alia,€to€the€former€holders€ofÐ Z» Ðspecially€protected€tenancy€rights.Ð C¤ ÐÌà  àAt€the€beginning€of€February€2003,€the€Ministry€announced€a€programme€for€housingÐ  v Ðaccommodation€of€former€holders€of€protected€tenancy€who€are€returning€outside€of€the€areas€ofÐ þ _ Ðspecial€State€concern,€with€an€implementation€deadline€not€exceeding€four€years.€€All€the€returneesÐ ç H Ðwho€do€not€have€any€property€or€accommodation€in€Croatia€will€be€provided€temporaryÐ Ð 1  Ðaccommodation€up€until€their€final€housing€accommodation.Ð ¹   ÐÌà  àThrough€the€measures€and€activities€mentioned€above,€the€Government€has€removed€all€theÐ ‹ì  Ðremaining€legislative€and€administrative€obstacles€for€the€efficient€return€of€all€the€displacedÐ tÕ  ÐCroatian€citizens,€with€the€emphasis€on€the€provision€of€sustainable€conditions€of€the€return.Ð ]¾  ÐÌà  àThe€activities€and€measures€mentioned€were€followed€by€significant€investments€by€theÐ / ÐCroatian€Government€over€the€last€three€years€aimed€at€the€creation€of€sustainable€conditions€for€theÐ y Ðreturn€and€development€of€the€war€affected€areas,€especially€for€the€reconstruction€of€housingÐ b Ðfacilities€and€basic€communal€infrastructure€and€social€infrastructure€damaged€or€destroyed€by€theÐ êK Ðwar,€as€well€as€the€repossession€of€property€and€housing€accommodation.€€Two€thousand€eightÐ Ó4 Ðhundred€and€fifty-five€million€Kuna€(381€million€Euros)€were€spent€on€the€reconstruction€of€theÐ ¼ Ðdestroyed€and€damaged€housing€facilities€alone.€€The€housing€accommodation€programme€wasÐ ¥ Ðfinanced€from€the€budget€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia,€and€from€a€30€million€Euro€loan€from€theÐ Žï ÐCouncil€of€Europe's€Development€Bank.€€The€provision€of€additional€funds€with€a€view€to€providingÐ wØ Ðhousing€accommodation€for€the€remaining€5,000€temporary€occupants€who€are€currently€occupyingÐ `Á Ðother€people's€property€is€under€way.€€Four€hundred€and€ninety€million€Kuna€(40€million€Euros)€willÐ Iª Ðbe€provided€from€the€State€budget€for€this€purpose.€€In€November€2002€the€Government€requestedÐ 2“ Ða€new€loan€from€the€Council€of€Europe's€Development€Bank€in€the€amount€of€the€remaining€292Ð | Ðmillion€Kuna€(40€million€Euros)€necessary€for€the€completion€of€the€programme.€€The€funds€haveÐ e Ðalready€been€allocated€in€the€State€budget€and€also€from€the€loans€taken€on€the€domestic€financialÐ íN Ðmarket€for€the€financing€of€the€pace€of€the€reconstruction€achieved,€which€had€already€been€speededÐ Ö 7 Ðup€in€the€previous€period.Ð ¿!   ÐÌà  àIn€addition€to€the€above,€the€transparency€of€the€implementation€of€all€the€programmes€byÐ ‘#ò" Ðthe€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€should€be€mentioned,€as€well€as€the€improvement€ofÐ z$Û# Ðcooperation€with€non-governmental€organizations,€especially€those€which€include€returnees€who€areÐ c%Ä $ Ðmembers€of€national€minorities€and€other€displaced€citizens.Ð L&­!% ÐÌà  àInternational€cooperation€in€connection€with€the€implementation€of€the€return€programme,Ð (#' Ðincluding€cross-border€return,€has€also€been€intensified€with€Bosnia€and€Herzegovina€and€theÐ )h$( ÐFederal€Republic€of€Yugoslavia,€which€has€resulted€in€access€for€the€Republic€of€Croatia€toÐ ð)Q%) Ðinternational€financial€institutions€and€funds€for€the€financing€of€projects.Ð Ù*:&* ÐÌà  àIn€addition€to€the€funds€from€the€State€budget,€the€Government€of€the€Republic€of€CroatiaÐ «, (, Ðhas€since€2000€been€implementing€reconstruction€programmes€also€from€funds€obtained€fromÐ ”-õ(- Ðdomestic€and€foreign€loans,€with€a€view€to€intensifying€and€speeding€up€the€reconstructionÐ Ÿ Ðprogramme.€€A€total€of€119,000€housing€units€damaged€in€the€war€have€been€repaired€throughÐ ˆé Ðreconstruction€activities,€and€ca.€13€billion€funds€from€the€State€budget€have€thus€been€spent.€€TheÐ qÒ Ðassistance€by€the€international€community€for€the€housing€units€reconstruction€process€has€so€farÐ Z» Ðbeen€ca.€7€per€cent.Ð C¤ ÐÌà  àThe€increased€scope€of€work€resulted€in€the€abolition€of€priority€lists€or€waiting€lists€for€theÐ  v Ðimplementation€of€the€programme.€€Nine€partnership€agreements€were€signed€over€the€last€threeÐ þ _ Ðyears€with€the€most€significant€international€donor€organizations,€all€with€a€view€to€betterÐ ç H Ðcoordinating€the€implementation€of€the€reconstruction€programme€and€harmonizing€the€criteria.€€InÐ Ð 1  Ðaddition€to€the€above,€other€non-governmental€organizations€as€well€as€the€representatives€of€theÐ ¹   Ðbeneficiaries€of€rights€have€been€significantly€involved€in€the€preparation€and€implementation€of€theÐ ¢  Ðreconstruction€programme.€€A€good€cooperation€with€the€representatives€of€the€Serbian€DemocraticÐ ‹ì  ÐForum€Serbian€National€Council€and€others€has€been€established€in€this.€€The€representatives€ofÐ tÕ  Ðinternational€monitoring€organizations€have€been€mentioning€in€their€reports€over€the€last€years€theÐ ]¾  Ðsignificant€steps€forward€and€progress€achieved,€and€emphasizing€the€transparency€of€theÐ F§  Ðimplementation€of€the€programme.€€Possible€vague€or€unclear€elements€are€being€resolved€speedilyÐ / Ðand€efficiently,€and€have€no€impact€on€the€pace€of€the€implementation.Ð y ÐÌà  àA€comprehensive€media€campaign€focusing€on€the€deadlines€for€the€filing€of€applicationsÐ êK Ðfor€reconstruction€and€on€the€provision€of€information€on€the€implementation€of€the€programme€wasÐ Ó4 Ðcarried€out€in€Croatia€and€abroad€in€the€second€half€of€2001€with€the€assistance€of€UNHCR.€€ThisÐ ¼ Ðespecially€relates€to€the€territory€of€Serbia,€Montenegro€and€Republika€Srpska.€€The€priorityÐ ¥ Ðmeasures€are€under€way€to€address€the€needs€of€all€those€temporarily€accommodated€in€collectiveÐ Žï Ðtemporary€accommodation€centres€in€these€countries.Ð wØ ÐÌà  àThe€nationality€of€the€beneficiaries€of€the€right€to€construction€is€not€a€characteristicÐ Iª Ðaccording€to€which€any€of€the€records€of€beneficiaries€are€kept.€€However,€an€analysis€of€theÐ 2“ Ðsettlements€where€citizens€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€of€Serbian€nationality€used€to€live€prior€to€theÐ | Ðwar€leads€to€an€estimate€of€75€per€cent€of€the€beneficiaries€mentioned€were€included€in€theÐ e ÐProgramme€for€the€Organized€Reconstruction€of€Family€Homes€in€2003.Ð íN ÐÌà  àAll€the€activities€mentioned€above€have€resulted€in€a€significant€improvement€of€the€pace€andÐ ¿!   Ðsustainability€of€the€return€over€the€last€three€years.Ð ¨" ! ÐÌà  àSeventy€thousand€four€hundred€and€thirty-two€displaced€persons€and€refugees,€CroatianÐ z$Û# Ðcitizens,€have€returned€to€their€homes,€including€38,321€(54.4€per€cent)€of€returnees€of€mainlyÐ c%Ä $ ÐSerbian€nationality,€who€had,€prior€to€that,€been€refugees€in€the€Federal€Republic€of€Yugoslavia€andÐ L&­!% ÐBosnia€and€Herzegovina.Ð 5'–"& ÐÌà  àTwenty-two€thousand€five€hundred€and€seventy-eight€housing€units€have€been€reconstructed,Ð )h$( Ðthus€making€the€return€of€ca.€66,000€returnees€possible.€€The€repossession€of€property€has€beenÐ ð)Q%) Ðprovided€for€12,212€owners,€thus€making€their€return€into€their€property€possible.€€Two€thousandÐ Ù*:&* Ðtwo€hundred€and€forty-eight€temporary€occupants,€mostly€refugees€Ð Â+#'+ Ðfrom€Bosnia€and€Herzegovina,€and,€fewer,€returnees€without€any€property,€who€have€vacated€theÐ «, (, Ðoccupied€private€property,€have€been€provided€housing€accommodation,€and€this€property€hasÐ ”-õ(- Ðaccordingly€been€returned€to€its€owners,€mostly€returnees€who€are€members€of€national€minorities.Ð Ÿ ÐÌà  àIt€is€especially€important€to€point€out€the€speeding€up€the€return€of€citizens€of€SerbianÐ qÒ Ðnationality,€which€is€the€result€of€the€measures€and€activities€undertaken,€and€the€overall€change€ofÐ Z» Ðthe€atmosphere€in€local€returnee€communities.Ð C¤ ÐÌòòPoint€16óóÐ  v ÐÌà  àThe€Ministry€of€Justice,€Administration€and€Local€Self-government€every€year€follows€theÐ ç H Ðwork€of€all€the€courts€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia€on€a€regular€basis€and€makes€an€annual€StatisticalÐ Ð 1  ÐOverview€about€this.€€This€Statistical€Overview€shows€all€the€cases€received€by€courts€during€oneÐ ¹   Ðcalendar€year,€the€number€of€the€cases€solved€and€the€number€of€pending€cases.€€This€Ministry€isÐ ¢  Ðaware€of€the€heavy€backlog€of€cases€awaiting€hearing,€especially€from€previous€years.€€CertainÐ ‹ì  Ðactivities€have€been€undertaken€in€relation€to€this.€€The€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€hasÐ tÕ  Ðadopted€the€Strategy€of€the€Reform€of€the€Justice€System€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia.€€One€of€theÐ ]¾  Ðpriorities€of€this€reform€is€certainly€the€solving€of€the€delays€in€administration€of€justice.€€In€thisÐ F§  Ðsense,€amendments€to€procedural€laws€are€to€be€adopted,€with€a€view€to€removing€the€possibilitiesÐ / Ðfor€abuse€of€procedural€rights€by€parties€in€proceedings€and€increasing€their€procedural€discipline.Ð y ÐÌà  àAlso,€in€2001€and€2002€the€Ministry€of€Justice,€Administration€and€Local€Self€governmentÐ êK Ðpublished€announcements€of€vacancies€for€vacant€judicial€posts€at€all€the€courts€at€which€the€numberÐ Ó4 Ðof€judges€is€not€sufficient,€that€is€where€vacancies€exist.€€Staffing€of€courts€and€State€attorneys'Ð ¼ Ðoffices€by€the€appropriate€number€of€civil€servants€has€also€been€completed.€€The€Center€for€theÐ ¥ ÐProfessional€Training€of€Judges€and€Other€Judicial€Officials€has€started€its€work€as€part€of€theÐ Žï Ðimplementation€of€the€justice€system€reform€programme,€with€the€task€of€permanent€and€continuousÐ wØ Ðtraining€of€judges€and€State€attorneys,€with€special€emphasis€on€the€training€of€young€and€stillÐ `Á Ðinsufficiently€experienced€judges€and€State€attorneys.Ð Iª ÐÌà  àThe€reform€of€the€judiciary€also€includes€training€of€judicial€officials.€€The€Government€ofÐ | Ðthe€Republic€of€Croatia€has€undertaken€the€task€of€defining€a€system€of€professional€and€permanentÐ e Ðeducation€of€employees€of€the€justice€system€through€the€Centre€for€the€Professional€Training€ofÐ íN ÐJudges€and€Other€Judicial€Officials.€€The€task€of€the€Centre€is€to€promote€professional€andÐ Ö 7 Ðpermanent€training€of€judges€and€other€officials€in€the€justice€system€through€various€forms€ofÐ ¿!   Ðeducational€activities€and€professional€training€in€new€laws€and€regulations€and€topical€problemsÐ ¨" ! Ðrelated€to€new€technologies€for€the€management€of€judicial€affairs,€as€well€as€in€European€and€otherÐ ‘#ò" Ðinternational€laws€and€regulations.€€The€programme€of€the€Centre€will€include€various€forms€ofÐ z$Û# Ðprofessional€training€which€will€be€carried€out€in€various€legal€and€law€related€fields€(criminal,€civil,Ð c%Ä $ Ðcommercial,€labour,€misdemeanour,€European€laws,€ICT€skills€in€law,€etc.),€by€organizingÐ L&­!% Ðconferences,€seminars€and€workshops,€where€the€main€partners€will€include€representatives€of€theÐ 5'–"& Ðjudicial€power€and€university€community€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia€(judges,€State€attorneys,€etc.).Ð (#' ÐÌòòPoint€17óóÐ ð)Q%) ÐÌà  àArticle€199€of€the€Penal€Code€incriminates€the€criminal€offence€of€slander.€€Article€2Ð Â+#'+ Ðincriminates€a€qualified€form€of€slander€for€which€anyone€who€slanders€another€through€the€press,Ð «, (, Ðradio,€television,€in€front€of€a€number€of€persons,€at€a€public€assembly,€or€in€another€way€in€whichÐ ”-õ(- Ðthe€insult€becomes€accessible€to€a€large€number€of€persons€will€be€punished.Ð Ÿ ÐÌà  àDefamation€is€regulated€in€article€200€of€the€Penal€Code.€€Paragraph€2€of€this€article€definesÐ qÒ Ðpublic€defamation€as€a€qualified€form€of€this€criminal€offence€committed€when€the€basic€criminalÐ Z» Ðoffence€is€committed€through€the€press,€radio,€television,€in€front€of€a€number€of€persons,€at€a€publicÐ C¤ Ðassembly,€or€in€another€way€in€which€the€defamation€becomes€accessible€to€a€large€number€ofÐ ,  Ðpersons.€€We€note€that€article€203€of€the€Penal€Code€excludes€the€unlawfulness€in€the€case€of€theÐ  v Ðslandering€content€or€the€defamatory€content€referred€to€which€are€realized€or€made€accessible€toÐ þ _ Ðother€persons€in€scientific€or€literary€works,€works€of€art€or€public€information,€in€the€discharge€ofÐ ç H Ðofficial€duty,€political€or€other€public€or€social€activity,€or€journalistic€work,€if,€from€the€manner€ofÐ Ð 1  Ðexpression€and€other€circumstances,€it€clearly€follows€that€such€conduct€was€not€aimed€at€damagingÐ ¹   Ðthe€honour€or€reputation€of€another.Ð ¢  ÐÌòòPoint€18óóÐ tÕ  ÐÌà  àThe€Croatian€Parliament€adopted€a€new€Associations€Act€in€July€2001,€which€was€publishedÐ F§  Ðin€"Narodne€novine"€No.€88/01,€and€is€a€result€of€the€harmonization€of€the€text€of€the€Draft€Bill€overÐ / Ðseveral€months€of€public€debate€through€meetings,€panel€discussions€and€written€observations€byÐ y Ðthe€representatives€of€the€non-governmental€sector€and€by€the€experts€of€the€Council€of€Europe.€Ð b ÐAccordingly,€the€solutions€contained€in€this€Act€reflect€high€European€standards€in€the€field€ofÐ êK Ðfreedom€of€association.Ð Ó4 ÐÌà  àIn€addition€to€the€possibility€of€association€of€physical€and€legal€persons,€who€have€theÐ ¥ Ðcapacity€of€a€legal€person,€the€provisions€of€the€Associations€Act€also€regulate€the€issue€ofÐ Žï Ðassociation€of€those€who€are€not€legal€persons€(art.€3),€to€whom€the€provisions€of€the€CivilÐ wØ ÐObligations€Act€("Narodne€novine"€Nos.€53/91€and€3/94)€which€regulate€the€institution€ofÐ `Á Ðpartnership€apply€appropriately.€€An€association€may€carry€out€activities€for€the€realization€of€itsÐ Iª Ðgoals€even€before€its€registration€in€a€register,€i.e.€from€the€date€of€its€foundation€(art.€5,€para.€1).€Ð 2“ ÐAccordingly€the€realization€of€the€purpose€of€the€foundation€has€been€made€possible€immediatelyÐ | Ðupon€foundation,€even€before€the€termination€of€the€registration€proceedings.Ð e ÐÌà  àThe€number€of€founders€of€an€association€has€been€decreased€from€10€to€3.€€A€founder€of€anÐ Ö 7 Ðassociation€may€be€a€physical€person€with€disposing€capacity€and€a€legal€person,€and€accordingly,Ð ¿!   Ðforeign€nationals€may€found€associations€freely,€without€any€restrictions€(art.€10,€para.€2).€€TheÐ ¨" ! Ðstatute€of€an€association€contains€significantly€fewer€mandatory€elements€(art.€11,€para.€3),€whichÐ ‘#ò" Ðallows€for€the€expression€of€the€free€will€of€the€members€of€an€association.€€The€only€limitation€isÐ z$Û# Ðthat€the€internal€organization€of€an€association€must€be€based€on€the€principles€of€democraticÐ c%Ä $ Ðrepresentation€and€democratic€expression€of€will€of€its€members€(art.€6,€para.€3).Ð L&­!% ЀÌà  àThe€name€of€an€association€may€contain€individual€foreign€words€if€they€constitute€the€nameÐ (#' Ðof€the€international€organization€of€which€the€association€is€a€member,€if€they€are€usual€in€theÐ )h$( ÐCroatian€language,€if€there€are€no€appropriate€words€for€them€in€the€Croatian€language€or€if€theseÐ ð)Q%) Ðare€words€from€a€dead€language.€€Also€no€previous€approval€is€necessary€for€the€words€"Croatia"Ð Ù*:&* Ðand€its€derivatives€and€for€the€names€of€the€units€of€local€and€regional€self€government,€parts€of€theirÐ Â+#'+ Ðcoats€of€arms€and€flags,€which€accelerates€the€registration€proceedings€and€lightens€the€burden€onÐ «, (, Ðthe€bodies€that€used€to€grant€approvals.Ð ”-õ(- Їà  àState€administration€offices€have€subject€matter€jurisdiction€for€the€registration€ofÐ Ÿ Ðassociations.€€The€State€administration€office€of€the€seat€of€an€association€has€venue€(art.€14,€para.Ð ˆé Ð3).€€Associations€may€function€on€the€entire€territory€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€without€limitations.€Ð qÒ ÐThe€Ministry€of€Justice,€Administration€and€Local€Self-government€registers€foreign€associations.€Ð Z» ÐThis€legislative€solution€has€implemented€the€deconcentration€of€tasks€from€the€State€administrationÐ C¤ Ðto€the€bodies€in€the€units€of€regional€self-government,€which€allows€for€the€faster€and€efficientÐ ,  Ðexercise€of€legal€rights€by€citizens,€concrete€performance€of€the€tasks€of€the€registration€of€anÐ  v Ðassociation€into€a€register,€as€well€as€of€any€changes€of€statutory€issues€with€respect€to€associations.Ð þ _ ÐÌà  àIn€relation€to€the€registration€of€foreign€associations,€it€should€be€mentioned€that€the€consentÐ Ð 1  Ðby€the€Ministry€of€Foreign€Affairs€for€the€work€of€a€foreign€association€on€the€territory€of€theÐ ¹   ÐRepublic€of€Croatia,€which€used€to€be€necessary€under€the€former€Associations€Act,€is€no€longerÐ ¢  Ðnecessary,€which€significantly€accelerates€the€procedure€of€registration€of€foreign€associationsÐ ‹ì  Ðfounded€under€the€legal€order€of€a€foreign€State.Ð tÕ  ÐÌà  àThe€amount€of€data€an€association,€which€is€a€legal€person,€is€required€to€furnish€to€theÐ F§  Ðregistration€office€has€decreased€(art.€19,€para.€1).€€No€time€limit€is€prescribed€for€the€filing€of€anÐ / Ðapplication€for€the€registration€of€changes€into€the€register€by€a€person€authorized€for€representationÐ y Ðof€an€association.€€The€limitation€concerns€the€use€of€data€before€their€entry€into€the€Register€ofÐ b ÐAssociations.Ð êK ÐÌà  àThe€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€allocates,€on€the€basis€of€a€public€contest,€a€grantÐ ¼ Ðfrom€the€State€budget€to€associations€or€programmes€which€are€of€interest€for€the€general/publicÐ ¥ Ðgood€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia€(art.€23,€para.€1).Ð Žï ÐÌà  àSupervision€of€the€work€of€associations€is€carried€out€primarily€by€the€members€of€theÐ `Á Ðassociation.€€Procedure€is€prescribed€for€cases€when€the€members€of€an€association€find€irregularitiesÐ Iª Ðin€the€implementation€of€the€statute.€€If€the€body€designated€in€the€statute€fails€to€remove€theÐ 2“ Ðirregularities€within€30€days€of€the€receipt€of€a€written€warning€alleging€these€irregularities,€theÐ | Ðmember€concerned€is€entitled€to€file€a€complaint€for€the€protection€of€his€or€her€rights€prescribed€inÐ e Ðthe€statute€of€the€association,€with€the€county€court€with€venue€according€to€the€seat€of€theÐ íN Ðassociation.€€The€following€measures€may€be€undertaken€in€inspection€supervision€proceedingsÐ Ö 7 Ðconducted€by€an€official€from€the€State€administration€office:€€orders€to€remove€the€deficiencies€andÐ ¿!   Ðirregularities€established,€and€a€misdemeanour€report€alleging€the€violation€of€this€Act.Ð ¨" ! ЀÌà  àThere€are€fewer€reasons€for€the€dissolution€of€an€association:€€Ð z$Û# ÐÌÝ"‚83£ "ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£-ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝA€decision€on€dissolution€rendered€by€a€competent€body;݃83£-fÝŒÐL&­!%` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àÝ‚83£.ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝThe€cessation€of€activities;݃83£.gÝŒÐ5'–"&` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ýà0  àÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚83£ ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝA€legally€effective€court€decision€which€prohibits€the€activities€of€an€association;݃83£ MÝŒÐ(#'` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ýà0  àÝ"‚83£"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚83£>ÝÔ2ë"ÔððÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝBankruptcy.݃83£>kÝŒÐ)h$(` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ýà  àÌThe€office€of€State€administration€shall€render€a€decision€on€the€dissolution€of€an€association€for€theÐ Ù*:&* Ðreasons€mentioned€and€inform€the€court€for€the€purpose€of€carrying€out€bankruptcy€proceedings.€Ð Â+#'+ ÐDeletion€from€the€register€is€to€be€carried€out€by€the€office€of€State€administration€on€the€basis€ofÐ «, (, Ða€legally€effective€judgement€prohibiting€the€activities€of€an€association€or€a€legally€effective€rulingÐ ”-õ(- Ðon€the€conclusion€of€bankruptcy€proceedings,€by€which€association's€status€as€a€legal€person€isÐ Ÿ Ðterminated.Ð ˆé ÐÌà  àThe€reasons€given€for€the€prohibition€of€an€association€are€based€on€article€43,€paragraph€2Ð Z» Ðand€article€16€and€article€11,€paragraph€2€of€the€European€Convention€on€Human€Rights.€€There€isÐ C¤ Ðno€temporary€prohibition€of€the€work€of€an€association€which€would€be€decided€upon€by€anÐ ,  Ðadministrative€body.€€The€court€decides€on€the€prohibition€of€the€activities€of€an€association,€in€courtÐ  v Ðproceedings,€and€if€the€competent€State€attorney€assesses€that€reasons€for€the€prohibition€of€theÐ þ _ Ðactivities€exist,€he€or€she€will€file€a€motion€with€a€county€court€with€venue€according€to€the€seat€ofÐ ç H Ðthe€association.€€The€procedure€for€the€prohibition€of€an€association€is€conducted€subject€to€theÐ Ð 1  Ðapplication€of€civil€contentious€procedure€rules.Ð ¹   ÐÌà  àThe€amounts€of€fines€for€misdemeanours€were€reduced€and€harmonized,€as€are€the€numberÐ ‹ì  Ðof€misdeamours.Ð tÕ  ÐÌà  àThe€issue€of€the€interim€period€following€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Act€is€regulated€so€as€toÐ F§  Ðallow€associations€to€continue€their€activities€on€the€basis€of€the€existing€registration,€while€theÐ / Ðcounty€State€administration€offices€carried€out€ex€officio€the€registration€of€associations€within€90Ð y Ðdays€from€the€date€the€collection€of€documents€is€taken€over€from€the€Ministry€of€Justice,Ð b ÐAdministration€and€local€Self-government.€€On€the€basis€of€this€legislation,€the€existing€associationsÐ êK Ðdid€not€have€to€be€subject€to€the€procedure€of€"re-registration".€€Upon€the€entry€into€force€of€theÐ Ó4 ÐAssociations€Act,€those€"social€associations"€and€"associations€of€citizens"€as€well€as€foreignÐ ¼ Ðassociations€which€did€not€adjust€themselves€under€the€former€Associations€Act,€which€obligationÐ ¥ Ðwas€due€on€15€January€1998,€were€deleted€from€the€Register.Ð Žï ÐÌà  àThe€property€over€which€the€association€had€the€right€of€disposal€or€the€right€to€use€it€up€untilÐ `Á Ðthe€enactment€of€the€1997€Associations€Act,€except€for€the€property€of€trade-union€associations,Ð Iª Ðbecomes€the€property€of€the€associations€of€their€legal€successors€as€of€the€date€of€the€applicationÐ 2“ Ðof€the€2001€Associations€Act.€€The€Associations€Register€is€unified,€kept€in€electronic€form€andÐ | Ðaccessible€to€the€public.€€More€than€22,000€associations€are€registered€in€this€Register,€and€theÐ e Ðtendency€of€registration€in€the€Register€has€been€constantly€increasing€since€the€entry€into€force€ofÐ íN Ðthe€new€Associations€Act.Ð Ö 7 ÐÌà  àIt€stems€from€everything€mentioned€above€that€the€Associations€Act€was€harmonized€withÐ ¨" ! Ðthe€highest€European€standards€and€provides€a€framework€for€the€strong€development€of€the€civilÐ ‘#ò" Ðsociety€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia.Ð z$Û# ÐÌòòPoints€19€and€21óóÐ L&­!% ÐÌà  àThe€legislation€regulating€labour€law€and€employment€have€been€harmonized€with€theÐ (#' Ðprovisions€of€the€Constitution€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€which€prescribes€that€every€person€in€theÐ )h$( ÐRepublic€of€Croatia€has€all€rights€and€freedoms€without€any€discrimination€of€any€sort€whatsoever.€Ð ð)Q%) ÐThe€provisions€on€the€prohibition€of€discrimination€are€also€contained€in€the€provisions€of€the€LaborÐ Ù*:&* ÐAct.€€This€issue€from€the€field€of€labour€and€employment€will€be€more€broadly€regulated€by€theÐ Â+#'+ ÐAmendments€to€the€Labour€Act€(which€are€being€prepared)€and€which€will€bring€a€higher€degree€ofÐ «, (, Ðadjustment€to€the€European€Union€directives€(especially€the€Council's€Directive€2000/78/EC,Ð ”-õ(- ÐDirective€76/207/EEC€and€Council€Directive€2000/43/EC).Ð Ÿ ÐÌòòPoint€22óóÐ qÒ ÐÌà  àThe€Republic€of€Croatia€enacted€the€new€Constitutional€Act€on€the€Rights€of€NationalÐ C¤ ÐMinorities€("Narodne€novine"€No.€155/02)€in€December€2002.€€With€this€Constitutional€Act€itÐ ,  Ðensures€the€realization€of€the€following€rights€to€members€of€all€national€minorities,€where€the€notionÐ  v Ðof€a€national€minority€means€a€group€of€Croatian€citizens€whose€members€are€traditionally€settledÐ þ _ Ðon€the€territory€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia,€and€its€members€have€ethnic,€linguistic,€cultural€and/orÐ ç H Ðreligious€characteristics€different€from€other€citizens€and€are€moved€by€the€desire€to€preserve€theseÐ Ð 1  Ðcharacteristics€(article€7€of€the€Constitutional€Act):Ð ¹   ÐÌà0  à1.à ` àPrivate,€public€and€official€use€of€their€language€and€script.Ћì (#(# Ðà0  à2.à ` àUpbringing€and€education€in€the€language€and€script€which€they€use.ÐtÕ (#(# Ðà0  à3.à ` àUse€of€their€signs€and€symbols.Ð]¾ (#(# Ðà0  à4.à ` àCultural€autonomy,€by€means€of€preservation,€development€and€expression€of€theirÐ F§  Ðown€culture€and€preservation€and€protection€of€their€cultural€heritage€and€tradition.Ð/(#(# Ðà0  à5.à ` àThe€right€to€manifestation€of€their€religion€and€the€found€of€religious€communitiesÐ y Ðtogether€with€other€members€of€that€religion.Ðb(#(# Ðà0  à6.à ` àAccess€to€the€media€and€to€the€performance€of€the€activities€of€public€communicationÐ êK Ð(receipt€and€dissemination€of€information)€in€the€language€and€script€they€use.ÐÓ4(#(# Ðà0  à7.à ` àSelf-organization€and€association€for€the€purpose€of€the€realization€of€commonÐ ¼ Ðinterests.Ð¥(#(# Ðà0  à8.à ` àRepresentation€in€representative€bodies€on€the€State€and€local€levels€as€well€as€inÐ Žï Ðadministrative€and€judicial€bodies.ÐwØ(#(# Ðà0  à9.à ` àParticipation€by€members€of€national€minorities€in€public€life€and€management€ofÐ `Á Ðlocal€affairs€through€councils€and€representatives€of€national€minorities.ÐIª(#(# Ðà0  à10.à ` àProtection€from€any€activity€which€threatens€or€could€threaten€their€survival€and€theÐ 2“ Ðrealization€of€their€rights€and€freedoms.Ð|(#(# ÐÌà  àIt€stems€from€the€above€that€members€of€the€Roma€population€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia€alsoÐ íN Ðhave€the€status€of€a€national€minority.€€The€Government€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€has€initiated,Ð Ö 7 Ðtogether€with€the€Council€of€Europe,€the€"National€Programme€for€the€Roma"€within€which€adequateÐ ¿!   Ðsolutions€for€a€comprehensive€solution€for€the€status€of€the€Roma€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia€areÐ ¨" ! Ðbeing€sought,€starting€from€the€improvement€of€quality€of€life,€through€the€development€of€RomaÐ ‘#ò" Ðsettlements,€health€care,€to€the€teaching€of€Croatian€language€and€Latin€script,€with€a€view€to€fasterÐ z$Û# Ðintegrating€the€Roma€national€minority€into€the€society.€€The€vast€majority€of€them€do€not€speak€theÐ c%Ä $ ÐCroatian€language,€which€is€one€of€the€obstacles€for€their€inclusion€into,€for€example,€educationalÐ L&­!% Ðprogrammes.€€The€Roma€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia€have€their€own€associations€which€are€entitledÐ 5'–"& Ðto€funds€from€the€State€budget€for€the€work€of€these€associations.€€The€Republic€of€Croatia€has€beenÐ (#' Ðinvesting€a€great€deal€of€effort€and€hopes€that€by€the€implementation€of€the€"National€Programme"Ð )h$( Ðinstituted€and€with€other€conditions€fulfilled,€the€status€of€the€Roma€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia€willÐ ð)Q%) Ðimprove€significantly.Ð Ù*:&* ÐÌà  àWe€also€believe€that€members€of€the€Serbian€national€minority€in€the€Republic€of€Croatia€areÐ «, (, Ðnot€being€discriminated€against€whether€in€comparison€with€members€of€other€minorities€or€inÐ ”-õ(- Ðrelation€to€the€majority€population,€as€rights€equal€to€the€rights€of€everybody€else€have€been€offeredÐ Ÿ Ðand€ensured€to€them.€€The€areas€of€special€State€concern,€that€is€the€areas€to€which€members€ofÐ ˆé ÐSerbian€nationality€should€return,€since€they€were€displaced€from€those€areas,€are€a€major€problem.€Ð qÒ ÐThese€are€areas€with€many€problems,€mostly€of€an€economic€nature,€due€to€the€poorly€developedÐ Z» Ðeconomy,€resulting€in€a€lack€of€jobs,€while€the€agricultural€land€is€unfortunately€still€mostly€mined,Ð C¤ Ðwhich€constitutes€an€additional€danger.€€Accordingly,€all€the€inhabitants€of€these€areas€devastatedÐ ,  Ðduring€the€armed€conflict€on€the€territory€of€the€Republic€of€Croatia€are€affected€by€the€sameÐ  v Ðproblems.Ð þ _ ÐÌà  àIt€is€unfortunately€true€that€there€are€incidents€motivated€by€national€discrimination,€but€thisÐ Ð 1  Ðis€definitely€not€the€rule,€and€any€person€who€has€committed€an€offence€motivated€by€discriminationÐ ¹   Ðon€any€grounds€is€subject€to€criminal€responsibility.Ð ¢  ÐÌÓÈÓ