ÿWPC[ ].rN;°(l ü3 1šÄÝaKÝ' êÑu'—‚Db´°vTÕ¦Q:RÊ|ˆÎXÂ:#þõäŽÌ©Ó׈õ¿mØñž¬(ƒ‰) „¤È‚ÜÄ6¹öíq8bÁ À³[C2úbÐÙŒkJ¼Æº©ªlXZh›ºhX Ýä¾Ñ}õm Ò)ý0:Ù(_tÍû†)Þ•èÕbuÍYý{ÖNá”p ®¯>ú„Ýü‘t˦ö/õƒyƒõ3±NM©6ÓÂÅ+²D+éøŒA‰©§D¸RÃ$H¤YÚü ä“hì(ak'™´<€èJ«FÎÄy&ªr¼Aså(KªÚ¢iþn&Q‚¬w_Ƴì!ß싯Wù$“ Ñ!ún¤¤Pj.N5ƒi”N×› œõ.Î~G ×-¥[! ÄmƒÆ@@Uè,ê]åµoÎ #Á¶UNw %Å 0:Ë^ w4)8 m:QNY˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÙØÙÙØÈÙ0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ôa, ½ha+ê:i¢Ø+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡¼~»XXÔò òCROATIAó óÔ#†X?ŽX»¼~I#ÔÐ ° ÐÓ=ÓÌÌò òCAT€€A/51/44€(1996)ó óÐ “ã ÐÌÌÓ  Ó151.€€The€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Croatia€(CAT/C/16/Add.6)€at€its€253rd€andÐ O Ÿ Ð254th€meetings,€on€6€May€1996€(CAT/C/SR.253€and€254),€and€has€adopted€the€followingÐ 8 ˆ Ðconclusions€and€recommendations:Ð ! q ÐÌòòIntroductionóóÐ ó C  ÐÌ152.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€report€of€the€Government€of€Croatia€as€well€as€its€core€documentÐ Å  Ð(Ô_ÔHRIÔ_Ô/CORE/1/Add.32).€€The€initial€report€of€Croatia€dated€4€January€1996€was€due€on€7€OctoberÐ ®þ  Ð1992,€but€the€events€of€insecurity€in€Croatia€from€1991€explain€why€this€report€is€late.Ð —ç  ÐÌ153.€€The€initial€report€of€Croatia€and€the€core€document€follow€the€Committee's€guidelines€and€meetÐ i¹ Ðthem€satisfactorily.Ð R¢ ÐÌ154.€€The€Committee€also€thanks€the€representatives€of€the€State€party€for€their€introductory€remarks.Ð $t ÐÌòòPositive€aspectsóóÐ öF ÐÌ155.€€The€constitutional€and€other€legal€safeguards€against€torture€and€other€cruel,€inhuman€orÐ È Ðdegrading€treatment€or€punishment€are€particularly€well-developed.Ð ± ÐÌ156.€€The€commitment€of€Croatia€to€human€rights€is€reflected€in€the€State€party's€adherence€toÐ ƒÓ Ðvarious€international€human€rights€treaties.€€It€is€particularly€noteworthy€that€Croatia€has€notÐ l¼ Ðexpressed€reservation€to€article€20€and€has€declared€in€Ô_ÔfavourÔ_Ô€of€articles€21€and€22€of€theÐ U¥ ÐConvention.Ð >Ž ÐÌ157.€€The€fact€that€the€Government€of€Croatia€has€undertaken€investigation€and€prosecution€in€casesÐ !` Ðof€alleged€torture€and€maltreatment€arising€out€of€the€events€of€1995€and€its€aftermath€is€noted€withÐ ù!I  Ðsatisfaction.Ð â"2! ÐÌ158.€€The€support€of€Croatia€for€the€rehabilitation€of€the€victims€of€the€violence€that€took€place€thereÐ ´$ # Ðbetween€1991€and€the€end€of€1995€is€another€matter€of€satisfaction€to€the€Committee.Ð %í $ ÐÌòòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€application€of€the€provisions€of€the€Conventionóó€Ð o'¿"& ÐÌ159.€€The€Committee€takes€note€of€the€following:Ð A)‘$( ÐÌ(a)€€The€situation€of€insecurity€and€loss€of€civil€oversight€over€parts€of€Croatia€between€1991€andÐ +c&* Ðthe€end€of€1995;€Ð ü+L'+ ÐÌ(b)€€The€social€and€economic€consequences€of€the€events€referred€to€in€paragraph€1€of€the€initialÐ Î-)- ÐÔ_Ôreport,€together€with€the€costs€of€reconstruction€and€reintegration€of€large€portions€of€the€populationÐ ° Ðinto€the€wider€society;Ð ™é ÐÌ(c)€€The€refocusing€of€social€attitudes€onto€human€rights€rather€than€onto€State€rights,€in€a€countryÐ k» Ðwhere€for€45€years€the€opposite€was€the€norm.Ð T¤ ÐÌòòSubjects€of€concernóóÐ & v ÐÌ160.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€about€the€information€on€serious€breaches€of€the€ConventionÐ ø H Ðreceived€from€reliable€non-governmental€organizations,€indicating€that€in€the€wave€of€the€events€ofÐ á 1  Ð1995€and€its€aftermath,€serious€acts€of€torture€were€perpetrated€by€Croatian€officials,€particularlyÐ Ê   Ðupon€the€Serb€minority.Ð ³  ÐÌ161.€€The€Committee€also€notes€that€there€is€no€defined€crime€of€torture€in€the€domestic€law€ofÐ …Õ  ÐCroatia.Ð n¾  ÐÌòòRecommendationsóóÐ @ ÐÌ162.€€The€Committee€recommends€to€the€State€party€the€following:Ð b ÐÌ(a)€€That€Croatia€enact€a€crime€of€torture€in€terms€consistent€with€article€1€of€the€Convention;Ð ä4 ÐÌ(b)€€That€Croatia€ensure€that€all€allegations€of€torture€or€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatment€orÐ ¶ Ðpunishment€arising€out€of€the€events€of€1995€and€its€aftermath,€be€rigorously€investigated€by€anÐ Ÿï Ðimpartial,€independent€commission€and€the€results€be€reported€back€to€the€Committee;€Ð ˆØ ÐÌ(c)€€That€in€the€second€periodic€report€a€detailed€account€of€the€way€in€which€Croatia€complies€withÐ Zª Ðthe€provisions€of€article€3€of€the€Convention€be€included;Ð C“ ÐÌ(d)€€That€a€vigorous€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€of€education€of€police,€as€well€as€prison,€medical,€prosecution€andÐ e Ðjudicial€personnel€be€undertaken€to€ensure€that€they€understand€their€obligations€pursuant€to€theÐ þN Ðrelationship€between€the€domestic€law€of€Croatia€and€the€international€human€rights€Ô_ÔrgimeÔ_Ô€to€whichÐ ç 7 ÐCroatia€has€adhered;€Ð Ð!   ÐÌ(e)€€The€Committee€urges€Croatia€to€continue€to€cooperate€with€the€International€Tribunal€for€theÐ ¢#ò" ÐProsecution€of€Persons€Responsible€for€Serious€Violations€of€International€Humanitarian€LawÐ ‹$Û# ÐCommitted€in€the€Territory€of€the€Former€Yugoslavia€since€1991€to€ensure€that€alleged€war€criminalsÐ t%Ä $ Ðwithin€its€jurisdiction€are€brought€to€justice€pursuant€to€the€Dayton€peace€accord;Ð ]&­!% ÐÌ(f)€€Individual€claims€of€violations€of€the€constitutional€rights€of€defendants€in€pre-trial€detentionÐ /(#' Ðshould€be€justiciable€by€an€effective€judicial€authority;Ð )h$( ÐÌ(g)€€That€Croatia's€police€and€judicial€authorities€pay€special€attention€to€the€implementation€of€theÐ ê*:&* Ðexisting€legal€guarantees€against€torture€of€a€constitutional€and€procedural€nature.Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÌÐ ¥-õ(- Ðò òÔUKUS.,ÔCAT€A/54/44€Ô_Ô(1999)ó óÔ_ÔÐ ° ÐÌÌ61.€The€Committee€considered€the€second€periodic€report€of€Croatia€(CAT/C/33/Add.4)€at€its€352nd,Ð l¼ Ð353rd€and€359th€meetings,€on€13€and€18€November€1998€(CAT/C/SR.352,€353€and€359),€andÐ U¥ Ðadopted€the€following€conclusions€and€recommendations.€Ð > Ž ÐÌ1.€Introduction€Ð  ` ÐÌ62.€Croatia€accepted€the€Convention€against€Torture€by€succession€and€recognized€the€competenceÐ â 2  Ðof€the€Committee€to€receive€complaints,€as€provided€for€in€articles€21€and€22€of€the€Convention,€onÐ Ë   Ð8€October€1991.€Croatia€has€also€been€a€party€to€the€European€Convention€for€the€Prevention€ofÐ ´  ÐTorture€and€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment€since€1997.€Ð í  ÐÌ63.€The€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€that€the€second€periodic€report€complies€with€the€generalÐ o¿  Ðguidelines€for€periodic€reports€prepared€by€the€Committee.€Although€it€was€submitted€a€year€and€aÐ X¨  Ðhalf€late,€the€report€demonstrates€the€State€party's€willingness€to€cooperate€with€the€Committee€inÐ A‘ Ðorder€to€fulfil€its€obligations€under€the€Convention.€Ð *z ÐÌ2.€Positive€aspects€Ð üL ÐÌ64.€Croatia€has€incorporated€the€crime€of€torture€and€acts€constituting€other€inhuman,€cruel€orÐ Î Ðdegrading€treatment€or€punishment€into€its€internal€legislation€in€terms€which€are€in€keeping€withÐ · Ðthe€provisions€of€articles€4€and€16€of€the€Convention,€since€it€makes€these€offences€punishable€byÐ  ð Ðappropriate€penalties€which€take€into€account€their€grave€nature.€Ð ‰Ù ÐÌ65.€There€have€been€some€changes€in€the€rules€of€criminal€procedure,€such€as€the€introduction€of€theÐ [« Ðobligation€to€bring€detainees€before€a€judge€within€24€hours€so€that€a€decision€may€be€taken€on€theÐ D” Ðlawfulness€of€detention€and€the€determination€of€the€maximum€time€limits€for€pre-trial€detention.€Ð -} ÐÌ3.€Subjects€of€concern€Ð ÿO ÐÌ66.€The€Committee€notes€that€the€Amnesty€Act€adopted€in€1996€is€applicable€to€a€number€ofÐ Ñ!!  Ðoffences€characterized€as€acts€of€torture€or€other€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatment€orÐ º" ! Ðpunishment€within€the€meaning€of€the€Convention.€Ð £#ó" ÐÌ67.€The€Committee€is€seriously€concerned€about€allegations€of€ill-treatment€and€torture,€some€ofÐ u%Å $ Ðwhich€resulted€in€death€and€are€attributable€to€law€enforcement€officials,€especially€the€police.€Ð ^&®!% ÐÌ68.€The€Committee€is€concerned€about€the€incompetence€revealed€in€investigations€of€cases€ofÐ 0(€#' Ðserious€violations€of€the€Convention,€including€deaths€which€have€not€yet€been€explained.€It€is€alsoÐ )i$( Ðconcerned€about€the€lack€of€a€sufficiently€detailed€report,€which€was€to€be€prepared€on€the€basis€ofÐ *R%) Ðthe€recommendations€made€following€the€consideration€of€the€initial€report.€Ð ë*;&* ÐÌ4.€Recommendations€Ð ½, (, ÐÐ ¦-ö(- ÐÔ_Ô69.€As€during€the€consideration€of€the€initial€report,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€partyÐ ° Ðshould€make€all€necessary€efforts€to€ensure€that€the€competent€authorities€immediately€conduct€anÐ ™é Ðimpartial,€appropriate€and€full€investigation€whenever€they€have€to€deal€with€allegations€of€seriousÐ ‚Ò Ðviolations€made€in€a€credible€manner€by€non-governmental€organizations.€Ð k» ÐÌ70.€The€Committee€also€recommends€that,€through€the€intermediary€of€the€competent€authorities,Ð =  Ðthe€State€party€should€take€account€of€the€evidence€transmitted€to€it€by€the€International€TribunalÐ & v Ðfor€the€Former€Yugoslavia€and€some€non-governmental€organizations€concerning€violations€ofÐ  _ Ðhuman€rights€and,€in€particular,€cases€of€torture€and€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatment€orÐ ø H Ðpunishment.€Ð á 1  ÐÌ71.€The€Committee€recommends€that€constitutional€complaints€should€be€received€directly€by€theÐ ³  ÐConstitutional€Court€in€all€cases€of€allegations€of€torture€and€other€cruel,€inhuman€or€degradingÐ œì  Ðtreatment€or€punishment.€Ð …Õ  ÐÌÔUS.,UK.,`Ô