ÿWPC¯ @:RFeçgŒ±yA¾Û…)âø±¡óSûgŒ§¥K_E+)tªä ‡5Pß ’F}›ªNž:ò*–[Ÿ]Rí1ÝJn¨s9j%˜ƒ5¯úÐdÚP…_ÉíZY¡‹ðC,ÐÊB²Õ‘q{Uµ+Rü³:’bo'TºäÚçW~5šd,ïdl ç¬íbÿLÑ콎\*ÉPÒ•8ÖFòý,R2ÇHL÷ár†1."ðqkòð¿/‚妯=ìœ~×an~ª.[š™Q/GFÉÓÕ¢ÿb2¼`FµÊ‡{E®0C¦Ï:¨ND·ØDD02¤œâº„ž€:+:¶”Û=eà&è/åã忽l³•º4;­C-MŽsx¹,ø)ôâh(¹kù{ˆŸprçûb,Ö/—£>T«z¨û—÷ùl9'#ºŒ}"DØ sq±Õq?î9Y8›Eüqzœ\1ÍÿàH’ *FAÛ”@R 8Mµù´i|Ø8WÆ6‡q¼r‘uºTâ‰Ó uŽæÌÆ$ÿá:Ì]ôš– ƒß¤Ž-¡AXžFJQÙ‘Á’©îÙ»w ƒ¥Ã‰%Ê0Ï3KK¹Áªí—âñ1è¿%¦K’ƒ#7y7þ/#ÉÄUN %Û 0:á^ w'4+?N mPgNoU>q˜\\YORK_UNIVERSITY\q_hrts_hp4000tnÒV,,,,ÒV0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô÷¢z/— ½”u/3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ô\  `‹&Times New RomanÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôà@'ìàò òÔ‡¼b0»XXÔCYPRUSó óÔ#†X(6X»¼b0R#ԈР° ÐÌò òÌCAT€€A/49/44€(1994)ó óÐ ”ä ÐÌÌÓ  Ó118.€€The€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Cyprus€(CAT/C/16/Add.2)€at€its€168th€andÐ P   Ð169th€meetings,€held€on€17€November€1993€(see€CAT/C/SR.168€and€169),€and€adopted€theÐ 9 ‰ Ðfollowing€conclusions€and€recommendations:Ð " r ÐÌòòIntroductionóóÐ ô D  ÐÌ119.€€The€report€was€due€on€16€August€1992€and€was€received€on€23€June€1993.€€In€all€respects€theÐ Æ  Ðreport€meets€the€guidelines€of€the€Committee€and€the€Committee€compliments€Cyprus€on€theÐ ¯ÿ  Ðcomprehensive€and€detailed€information€provided.Ð ˜è  ÐÌòòPositive€aspectsóóÐ jº ÐÌ120.€€The€Committee€feels€that€Cyprus€has€a€very€advanced€legislative€and€administrative€schemeÐ <Œ Ðfor€the€implementation€of€human€rights€values€contained€in€international€instruments.Ð %u ÐÌ121.€€In€this€regard€the€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€the€proposed€amendment€to€theÐ ÷G ÐOmbudsman's€jurisdiction€granting€him€clear€authority€to€investigate€and€report€on€human€rightsÐ à0 Ðviolations.Ð É ÐÌ122.€€Legal€protection€of€basic€rights€is€also€apparent€in€the€constitutional€provisions€of€Cyprus.Ð ›ë ÐÌòòFactors€and€difficulties€affecting€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÐ m½ ÐÌ123.€€There€seem€to€be€no€structural€or€legal€impediments€to€full€implementation€of€the€Convention.€Ð ? ÐOn€the€contrary,€the€legal,€legislative,€and€administrative€framework€is€most€comprehensive€andÐ ( x Ðprobably€as€good€as€the€most€advanced€anywhere.Ð !a ÐÌòòSubjects€of€concernóóÐ ã"3! ÐÌ124.€€Casual€brutality€by€police€officers€has€been€reported,€particularly€at€Limassol€Police€Station.Ð µ$ # ÐÌ125.€€This€may€reveal€a€lack€of€professionalism€which€if€not€dealt€with€strictly€could,€in€a€smallÐ ‡&×!% Ðcountry€with€a€fairly€homogeneous€culture,€take€a€firm€hold€on€police€practices.Ð p'À"& ÐÌ126.€€The€Committee€notes€though,€the€response€of€the€authorities€in€prosecuting€two€officers€onÐ B)’$( Ðcharges€of€torture€and€the€decision€of€President€Ô_ÔCleridesÔ_Ô€to€ask€the€Council€of€Ministers€to€set€up€aÐ +*{%) ÐCommission€of€Inquiry€into€the€reported€draft€conclusions€of€the€European€Committee€for€theÐ +d&* ÐPrevention€of€Torture.€€The€Committee€notes€also€that€this€Commission€of€Inquiry€has€been€set€upÐ ý+M'+ Ðand€is€engaged€in€its€inquiries.Ð æ,6(, ÐÐ Ï-)- ÐòòRecommendationsóóÐ ° ÐÌ127.€€The€legal€and€administrative€constructs€in€Cyprus€need€no€changes.€€But€recommendations€canÐ ‚Ò Ðbe€made:Ð k» ÐÌ(a)€€When€complaints€committees€are€set€up€to€examine€questions€of€police€brutality€that€mayÐ =  Ðcontravene€the€Convention€against€Torture€a€great€effort€should€be€made€to€ensure€that€theirÐ & v Ðcomposition€cannot€be€criticized€on€the€basis€of€real€or€perceived€partiality;Ð  _ ÐÌ(b)€€It€is€sometimes€very€difficult€for€small,€homogeneous€States€to€change€institutional€attitudes€andÐ á 1  Ðpractices€without€creating€the€risk€of€a€strong€reaction.€€Very€often€it€is€useful€to€utilize€an€externalÐ Ê   Ðagency€for€this€catalytic€role.€€Quite€obviously,€not€only€do€the€police€need€to€be€disciplined€andÐ ³  Ðprosecuted€for€any€unlawful€conduct,€but€a€real€attempt€must€be€made€to€properly€internalize€theirÐ œì  Ðattitudes€towards€the€human€rights€values€that€they€must€respect€in€their€everyday€activities.€€In€thisÐ …Õ  Ðregard,€as€well€as€with€respect€to€the€emphasis€in€their€police€training,€the€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€of€advisoryÐ n¾  Ðservices€and€technical€assistance€of€the€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€for€Human€Rights€is€ready€to€assist€in€the€educationalÐ W§  Ðand€re-educational€mission.€€A€joint€initiative€between€that€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€and€the€Government€ofÐ @ ÐCyprus,€with€appropriate€attendant€publicity,€may€go€some€way€towards€affecting€police€attitudes;Ð )y ÐÌÔ_Ô(cÔ_Ô)€€The€requirement€of€reciprocity€in€Conventions,€even€in€the€limited€sense€that€the€representativeÐ ûK Ðof€Cyprus€offered€in€his€answer€to€the€Committee,€is€somewhat€cryptic;€this€could€be€re-examinedÐ ä4 Ðand€clarified€in€the€periodic€report;Ð Í ÐÌ(d)€€The€Committee€also€likes€to€receive€answers€to€its€unanswered€questions;Ð Ÿï ÐÌ(e)€€The€Committee€wishes€to€express€its€appreciation€to€Cyprus€for€its€comprehensive€report€andÐ qÁ Ðits€obvious€willingness€to€deal€with€the€questions€raised€by€the€members€of€the€Committee.Ð  Zª ÐÔ_Ôò òCAT€€A/53/44€(1998)ó óÐ ° ÐÌÌ42.€€The€Committee€considered€the€second€periodic€report€of€Cyprus€(CAT/C/33/Add.1)€at€its€301stÐ l¼ Ðand€302òòndóó€meetings,€on€11€November€1997€(CAT/C/SR.301€and€302),€and€adopted€the€followingÐ U¥ Ðconclusions€and€recommendations.Ð > Ž ÐÌòòIntroductionóóÐ  ` ÐÌ43.€€The€second€periodic€report€of€Cyprus€was€received€in€timely€fashion€and€complied€with€theÐ â 2  Ðgeneral€guidelines€for€periodic€reports€(CAT/C/14)€adopted€by€the€Committee.Ð Ë   ÐÌ44.€€The€oral€presentation€by€the€delegation€complemented€the€written€report,€informing€theÐ í  ÐCommittee€of€the€most€recent€developments€in€Cyprus.€€The€ensuing€discussion€was€open€andÐ †Ö  Ðfruitful.Ð o¿  ÐÌòòPositive€aspectsóóÐ A‘ ÐÌ45.€€The€Committee€endorses€the€conclusions€it€found€in€this€respect€at€the€time€of€its€considerationÐ c Ðof€the€initial€report€and€welcomes€the€legislative€initiatives€concerning€mental€health,€the€proposedÐ üL Ðcreation€of€a€National€Institution€for€the€Promotion€and€Protection€of€Human€Rights€and€reform€ofÐ å5 Ðthe€law€of€evidence.Ð Î ÐÌ46.€€Moreover,€the€Committee€acknowledges€the€activities€of€the€Ombudsman€and€the€response€ofÐ  ð Ðthe€Council€of€Ministers€to€established€cases€of€police€violence.Ð ‰Ù ÐÌ47.€€The€Committee€especially€welcomes€the€way€in€which€the€Convention€has€been€incorporatedÐ [« Ðinto€the€domestic€law€of€Cyprus,€in€particular€the€Convention€definition€of€"torture"€itself.Ð D” ÐÌòòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€application€of€the€provisions€of€the€ConventionóóÐ f ÐÌ48.€€As€stated€in€the€Committee's€views€on€the€initial€report,€there€appears€to€be€no€structuralÐ è 8 Ðimpediment€to€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€in€Cyprus.Ð Ñ!!  ÐÌòòSubjects€of€concernóóÐ £#ó" ÐÌ49.€€A€few€cases€of€casual€violence€by€police€officers€continue€to€be€reported,€emphasizing€theÐ u%Å $ Ðcontinuous€need€for€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô€of€education€and€vigorous€legal€response€to€such€instances.Ð ^&®!% ÐÌ50.€€The€fact€that€a€victim€is€unable€or€unwilling€to€give€evidence€should€not€be€a€reason€forÐ 0(€#' Ðnon-prosecution€where€the€case€can€otherwise€be€made.Ð )i$( ÐÌòòRecommendationsóóÐ ë*;&* ÐÌ51.€€The€legal€and€administrative€constructs€in€Cyprus€are€excellent;€in€implementing€them€theÐ ½, (, ÐCommittee€advocates€a€strong€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€of€re-education€directed€to€field€law€enforcementÐ ¦-ö(- Ðpersonnel€that€emphasizes€the€policy€of€the€Government€to€Ô_ÔhonourÔ_Ô€its€commitment€to€human€rights.Ð ° ÐÓåÓÐ  ™é ÐÔCEUS.,ÔÓ  ÓÔUS.,CE.,H ÔÔCEUS.,ÔÌò òCAT€€A/58/44€(2003)ó óÐ ™é ÐÌÔ‡ X(6XXX(6ÔÔUS.,CE.,€ ÔÔUKUS.,Ô30.à  àThe€Committee€considered€the€third€periodic€report€of€Cyprus€(CAT/C/54/Add.2)€at€its536thÐ l¼ Ðand€539th€meetings,€held€on€15€and€18€November€2002€(CAT/C/SR.536€and€539),€and€adopted€theÐ U¥ Ðfollowing€conclusions€and€recommendations.Ð > Ž ÐÔUS.,UK.,û ÔÌA.€€òòIntroductionóóÐ  ` ÐÔUKUS.,ÔÌ31.à  àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€submission€of€the€third€periodic€report€of€Cyprus,€which€wasÐ â 2  Ðsubmitted€on€time€and€is€generally€in€conformity€with€the€Committeeððs€guidelines€for€theÐ Ë   Ðpreparation€of€periodic€reports.€€It€also€welcomes€the€additional€written€and€oral€informationÐ ´  Ðprovided€by€the€delegation.€€The€Committee€commends€the€way€in€which€the€State€party€hasÐ í  Ðaddressed€its€previous€recommendations.Ð †Ö  ÐÔUS.,UK.,€"ÔÌB.€€òòPositive€aspectsóóÐ X¨  ÐÔUKUS.,ÔÌ32.à  àThe€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€that€there€are€no€reported€cases€of€torture€or€politicalÐ *z Ðprisoners€in€the€State€party.Ð c ÐÌ33.à  àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€recent€legislative,€administrative€and€institutionalÐ å5 Ðdevelopments€that€took€place€in€the€State€party€since€the€consideration€of€its€previous€periodicÐ Î Ðreport,€namely:Ð · ÐÌ(a)à  àThe€bill€for€the€amendment€of€the€Ratification€Law€making€the€subjection€to€cruel,€inhumanÐ ‰Ù Ðor€degrading€treatment€or€punishment€as€described€in€article16€of€the€Convention€a€criminalÐ r Ðoffence,€and€providing€for€the€presumption€of€ill-treatment€if€it€is€ascertained€by€medicalÐ [« Ðexamination€that€the€person€detained€bears€external€injuries€which€were€not€present€at€the€time€ofÐ D” Ðarrest;Ð -} ÐÌ(b)à  àThe€adoption€of€the€Protection€of€Witnesses€Law€by€the€Parliament€with€a€view€to€securingÐ ÿO Ðanonymity€of€witnesses;Ð è 8 ÐÌÔ_Ô(cÔ_Ô)à  àThe€adoption€of€the€Law€on€the€Prevention€of€Domestic€Violence;Ð º" ! ÐÌ(d)à  àThe€enactment€of€a€new€law€in€2000€for€the€suppression€of€trafficking€in€persons€and€of€theÐ Œ$Ü# Ðsexual€exploitation€of€children;€Ð u%Å $ ÐÌ(e)à  àThe€abolition€of€the€death€penalty;Ð G'—"& ÐÌ(f)à  àThe€amendment€of€the€Aliens€and€Immigration€Law€to€provide€additional€protection€toÐ )i$( Ðpersons€claiming€refugee€status;Ð *R%) ÐÌ(g)à  àThe€enactment€of€a€new€law€for€the€payment€of€adequate€compensation;Ð Ô+$'+ ÐÌ(h)à  àThe€decision€of€the€Council€of€Ministers€to€empower€the€Attorney-General€to€appointÐ ¦-ö(- Ðcriminal€investigators€to€investigate€allegations€of€criminal€conduct€by€police;Ð ° ÐÌ(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)à  àThe€new€measures€taken€to€give€effect€to€the€newly€adopted€Psychiatric€TreatmentLaw;Ð ‚Ò ÐÌ(j)à  àThe€improvement€and€renovation€of€prison€facilities;Ð T¤ ÐÌ(k)à  àThe€establishment€of€a€national€institution€for€the€promotion€and€protection€of€human€rights;Ð & v ÐÌ(l)à  àThe€establishment€of€a€Police€Human€Rights€Office€to€receive€and€investigate€complaintsÐ ø H Ðof€human€rights€violations€by€police€officers;Ð á 1  ÐÌ(m)à  àThe€introduction€of€a€programme€for€the€training€of€judges€of€first€instance€courts€in€the€fieldÐ ³  Ðof€human€rights.Ð œì  ÐÔUS.,UK.,ä$ÔÌC.€€òòSubjects€of€concernóóÐ n¾  ÐÔUKUS.,ÔÌ34.à  àAlthough€there€is€a€generally€positive€trend€regarding€the€treatment€of€detained€persons€byÐ @ Ðpolice,€the€existence€of€some€cases€of€ill„treatment€require€that€the€authorities€remain€vigilant.Ð )y ÐÔUS.,UK.,õ/ÔÌE.€€òòRecommendationsóóÐ ûK ÐÔUKUS.,ÔÌ35.à  àThe€Committee€commends€the€State€party€for€its€ongoing€efforts€to€ensure€the€effectiveÐ Í Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention,€appreciates€the€work€done€so€far€and€calls€upon€the€StatepartyÐ ¶ Ðto€continue€these€efforts.Ð Ÿï ÐÌ36.à  àThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€widely€disseminate€the€CommitteeððsÐ qÁ Ðconclusions€and€recommendations,€in€all€appropriate€languages,€in€the€country.Ð Zª ÐÔUS.,UK.,G1ÔÔ#†X(6XX X(6 #Ô