ÿWPCy Ô‚?á¥7±¹Ü­Üm  8•ðÃÞZµj…–)’ôñ·ó>ÙS…3Ú…+f½Ú¡!…ëÿ$|Õ…µ‘`ÒfƒceÊ]jV½®YãÌšqÛ1¨ãêíÅ»QTБ –ypA¥…érÊ¢»¦ë s)IaÝ-ÿ;]‚}gAïHñuÍmµ¯ä¦!;ÅÄ@« 4–<¬WžMìy©ùWnµ–)ƒ=Ôt|€oë•UЧ¼{NDë{¤1‚p*ûª¿‹»$v¹[Mk€Ë¼‡O4=Á1Í7Tð%0–&”?þ€­QwÌ0ÌmQãÑB«Ù‹^V€²¿ I_™v­sýÑÈÿ:_W–œF/uƒ¼[`,›YzwzûÍ.Ö Væ°|ITnª‡áô À¡únª†U “†JìeL‹_ƒB޼FEtFÆTÒ¶œc¨ØÒA>ÖL‘Ù€ Éí>lܹ'FA9…bŠSx¨~Ä· îOm¨5ÀÆlœ^,öšÞîì¹°ò6Vï2Û,ÃrÖçH¢ÝOêäÿò‡^_¹½n[¸n®VK„q‰ÔsÜ>º“SÔ¦[?#Úc8¸¶vËKÖd\Q¥A–Ã.ä8£ð~Ñ*0ÓU˜/#Á’UNS %¡ 0:§Má 01å 0= 0ÈS 0> 0ÊY 0´# 0´× 0a‹ 0´ì 0´  09T 0Ü 02i 0ü› 0:— 0…Ñ 0_V 0 µ 0k¿ 0Ç* B*ñ D3 CN D+h 0Ç“ 0çZ 06A 0w 0: 0h¹ 0F!U6gU>U*Û^ w4)8 m:(Q˜HP LaserJet 6P/6MP - StandardÈÐððÈÐ0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ö\$¡¡ÔCEUS.,Ô0ÿÿ.Normal<ÿÿ:Definition T<GDÿÿ:Definition LÓ , ÓÓ;1ܰÜ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#;ÓÓ  ÓÓ8.°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#8Ó8ÿÿ6Definitionòòóó('zÿÿ&H1ò òÔ  ÔÔ‡°°°Ôó óÔ  ÔÔ‡XXXÔ(oÿÿ&H2ò òÔ‡„„„Ôó óÔ‡XXXÔ(oÿÿ&H3ò òÔ‡¼¼¼Ôó óÔ‡XXXÔ(ÿÿ&H4ò òÔ‡XXXÔó óÔ‡XXXÔ(oÿÿ&H5ò òÔ‡ôôôÔó óÔ‡XXXÔ(oÿÿ&H6ò òÔ‡Ôó óÔ‡XXXÔ2ÿÿ0Addressòòóó8SPÿÿ6BlockquoteÓ , ÓÓ , ÓÓ;1ܰÜ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#;ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ8.°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#8Ó,ÿÿ*CITEòòóó,dlÿÿ*CODEÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡%<þ6X9`(Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡&ô\  `&Times New RomanSÔ4ÿÿ2Emphasisòòóó6&)ÿÿ4HyperlinkÔ  ÔÔ  ÔòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeòòÔ €€ ÔóóÔ  Ô4goÿÿ2Keyboardò òÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡%<þ6X9`(Courier NewKÔó óÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡&ô\  `&Times New RomanSÔ<“›ÿÿ:PreformattedÓ/%° °Ïî ,KkŠ©È (#/ÓÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡%<þ6X9`(Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡&ô\  `&Times New RomanSÔÓ/%° °Ïî ,KkŠ©È (#/Ó<ÃÇÿÿ:z©Bottom of ÓI€4$À˜ ** €€d€dIÓÓ  ÓÔB  ÔÔ € ÔÔ‡ÔÔ?‡'%ä2¼A`Arial?ÔÓ9€*À  €€d€d9ÓÓ  ÓÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡&ô\  `&Times New RomanSÔÔ € Ô&ÿÿ0 d d'þÿÈÈÈÈdxd÷ÿdÿÿÿd'ÈÈÈÈdxd<ÃÇÿÿ:z©Top of ForÓI€4$À˜** €€d€dIÓÓ  ÓÔB  ÔÔ € ÔÔ‡ÔÔ?‡'%ä2¼A`Arial?ÔÓ9€*À  €€d€d9ÓÓ  ÓÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡&ô\  `&Times New RomanSÔÔ € Ô0Klÿÿ.SampleÔK‡%<þ6X9`(Courier NewKÔÔS‡&ô\  `&Times New RomanSÔ0ÿÿ.Strongò òó ó8dlÿÿ6TypewriterÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡%<þ6X9`(Courier NewKÔÔ‡XXXÔÔS‡&ô\  `&Times New RomanSÔ4ÿÿ2Variableòòóó:ÿÿ8HTML MarkupÔB  ÔÔ ÿ ÔÔ  Ô2 ÿÿ0CommentÔB  Ô<þ6X9`(Courier Newô\  `&Times New Roman%ä2¼A`Arial„bK- :PB-ê:i¢Ø+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒö\!ÝÔCEUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  Óò òCOMMITTEE€AGAINST€TORTUREÐ ° ÐÌòòE.€T.€B.€v.€DenmarkóóÐ à ÐÌCommunication€No.€146/1999€ó óÐ pÀ ÐÌò ò30€April€2002Ð P   ÐÌÌVIEWSÐ  p  Ðó óÌÌòòòòComplainant:óó€Ms.€E.€T.€B.,€represented€by€Let€Bosnia€Live,€a€non„governmental€organization€óóÐ ð@  ÐÌòòòòState€party€concerned:óó€Denmark€óóÐ Ð  ÐÌòòòòDate€of€registered€communication:óó€9€August€1999€óóÐ ° ÐÌÌòòThe€Committee€against€Torture,óó€established€under€article€17€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€andÐ €Ð ÐOther€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€Ð pÀ ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€30€April€2002,€Ð P  ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€complaint€No.€146/1999,€submitted€to€the€Committee€againstÐ 0€ ÐTorture€under€article€22€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€DegradingÐ  p ÐTreatment€or€Punishment,€Ð ` ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€complainant,€his€counsel€andÐ ð@ Ðthe€State€party,€Ð à0 ÐÌòòAdopts€its€Decisionóó€under€article€22,€paragraph€7,€of€the€Convention.€Ð À! ÐÌÌÓ=Óò òÓ  ÓViewsó óÐ $à" ÐÓqÓÓÓÌ1.1€€€€€€The€complainant€is€E.T.B.,€a€Georgian€citizen,€born€on€19€March€1974,€on€behalf€of€herselfÐ p&À!$ Ðand€her€two€minor€children,€all€three€currently€residing€in€Denmark€at€the€Danish€Red€Cross€CentreÐ `'°"% Ðfor€Refugees,€where€the€complainant€seeks€asylum€for€the€family.€The€complainant€claims€that€herÐ P( #& Ðreturn€to€Georgia€after€dismissal€of€her€refugee€claim€would€constitute€a€violation€of€article€3€of€theÐ @)$' ÐConvention€by€Denmark.€She€is€represented€by€the€organization€Let€Bosnia€Live.€Ð 0*€%( ÐÌ1.2€€€€€€In€accordance€with€article€22,€paragraph€3,€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€transmitted€theÐ ,`'* Ðcommunication€No.€146/1999€to€the€State€party€on€11€October€1999.€Pursuant€to€rule€108€of€theÐ -P(+ ÐCommittee's€rules€of€procedure,€the€State€party€was€requested€not€to€expel€the€complainant€toÐ ð-@), ÐGeorgia€pending€the€consideration€of€her€case€by€the€Committee.€In€a€submission€dated€10Ð ° ÐDecember€1999,€the€State€party€informed€the€Committee€that€it€had€decided€to€comply€with€theÐ  ð ÐCommittee's€request€not€to€expel€the€complainant€and€her€children€while€their€complaint€is€underÐ à Ðconsideration€by€the€Committee.€Ð €Ð ÐÌò òThe€facts€as€submitted€ó óÐ ` ° ÐÌ2.1€€€€€€The€complainant€is€a€widow€with€two€minor€children,€all€Georgian€citizens€of€Mengrel€ethnicÐ @  Ðorigin.€In€Georgia€she€and€her€deceased€husband,€M.B.,€were€working€for€the€former€GeorgianÐ 0 € ÐPresident,€Gamsakhurdia€(also€a€Mengrel),€and€his€political€party,€the€Zwiadists,€and€for€the€MengrelÐ  p  Ðcause€in€Georgia.€The€complainant€has€been€a€member€of€the€Zwiadists€since€mid-1992,€and€startedÐ `  Ðnursing€wounded€Zwiadists€after€she€became€a€nurse€in€1993.€Her€husband€and€her€father€wereÐ P  Ðfighting€for€the€Mengrel€partisan€army.€Ð ð@  ÐÌ2.2€€€€€€On€19€November€1993,€the€complainant€was€arrested€together€with€30€other€women,€amongÐ Ð  Ðthem€her€mother,€while€participating€in€an€illegal€demonstration€of€about€1,500€persons€in€her€homeÐ À Ðcity€Zugditi,€against€the€Shevardnadze€Government.€All€the€arrested€women€received€a€collectiveÐ ° Ðdeath€penalty€sentence.€The€prison€guards€beat€them€frequently,€and€five€of€the€women€wereÐ  ð Ðexecuted.€Prison€guards€raped€two€of€her€co-prisoners€before€they€executed€them.€One€of€the€guardsÐ à Ðsexually€mistreated€and€raped€the€complainant,€and€she€expected€to€be€killed€afterwards€like€herÐ €Ð Ðco-prisoners.€However,€shortly€afterwards,€on€31€December€1993,€Mengrel€partisans€attacked€theÐ pÀ ÐZugditi€prison€and€liberated€all€political€prisoners.€The€complainant's€father€was€among€the€attackingÐ `° Ðpartisans.€After€being€released,€the€complainant€moved€with€her€family€to€Gegetjkori.€Meanwhile,Ð P  Ðthe€complainant's€husband€lived€in€a€Mengrel€partisan€camp€in€the€forest€nearby.€On€18€August€1994Ð @ Ðhe€was€wounded€and€captured€by€the€Georgian€army,€and€thereafter€executed.€Ð 0€ ÐÌ2.3€€€€€€On€3€February€1996,€the€complainant,€her€two€children€and€her€mother€left€Georgia€illegally,Ð ` Ðby€boat€to€Poland€and€hidden€in€a€truck€to€Denmark.€They€arrived€in€Denmark€on€12€February€1996.Ð P ÐThey€went€immediately€to€the€police€and€requested€asylum.€A€year€later,€the€complainant's€fatherÐ ð@ Ðalso€arrived€in€Denmark€and€requested€asylum,€after€a€long€stay€at€a€hospital€in€the€CaucasusÐ à0 ÐMountains.€He€was€not€aware€that€his€family€was€already€residing€in€Denmark.€Ð Ð  ÐÌ2.4€€€€€€The€Danish€Immigration€Service€rejected€the€complainant's€application€for€asylum€on€22€MayÐ °"  Ð1998.€On€31€July€1998€her€then€counsel€appealed€to€the€Refugee€Board.€The€application€was€rejectedÐ  #ð! Ðon€4€August€1998,€and€the€complainant€was€ordered€to€leave€Denmark€on€19€August€1998.€TwoÐ $à" Ðapplications€to€reopen€the€complainant's€case,€submitted€on€17€August€and€on€29€October€1998/1Ð €%Ð # ÐDecember€1998,€were€refused€by€the€Refugee€Board€on€23€September€1998€and€26€January€1999Ð p&À!$ Ðrespectively.€Ð `'°"% ÐÌ2.5€€€€€€In€the€Refugee€Board€decision€of€4€August€1998's€grounds€for€rejection,€the€Board€consideredÐ @)$' Ðthat€the€attack€of€the€prison€on€31€December€1993,€if€it€really€happened,€would€have€been€mentionedÐ 0*€%( Ðin€the€background€material€available€on€Georgia,€and€that€the€complainant's€father€would€haveÐ  +p&) Ðmentioned€this€attack€in€his€own€application€for€asylum,€which€he€did€not€do.€Even€if€basing€itsÐ ,`'* Ðdecision€on€the€complainant's€story,€the€Board€did€not€consider€that€the€complainant€would€beÐ -P(+ Ðpersecuted€if€returned€to€Georgia.€They€referred€to€information€received€from€the€UNHCR€regardingÐ ð-@), Ðthat€Gamsakhurdia€partisans€are€not€persecuted€only€because€they€have€supported€Gamsakhurdia.€Ð ° ÐÌ2.6€€€€€€In€the€application€of€29€October€1998,€counsel€requested€a€reopening€of€the€complainant'sÐ à Ðasylum€case,€in€the€light€of€new€information€he€had€received.€This€information€contained€two€newÐ €Ð Ðdocuments,€including€a€death€certificate€for€her€husband€and€a€declaration€from€10€of€her€neighboursÐ pÀ Ðin€Gegetjkori,€confirming€that€the€complainant€had€been€threatened€and€persecuted€by€unknownÐ ` ° Ðpersons,€who€also€killed€their€dog,€leaving€it€in€front€of€their€door€as€a€warning€vendetta.Ð P   ÐFurthermore,€counsel€refers€to€media€reports€of€new€outbreaks€between€Zwiadists€and€governmentÐ @  Ðforces.€Counsel€also€submitted€Amnesty€International's€"Concerns€for€Georgia",€October€1996,Ð 0 € Ðincluding€information€about€torture€and€ill-treatment€of€political€prisoners.€In€the€letter€of€1Ð  p  ÐDecember€1998,€he€submitted€the€complainant's€Medical€Record€dating€from€her€arrival€in€1996€andÐ `  Ðdescribing€her€experiences€of€being€subjected€to€torture.€Ð P  ÐÌ2.7€€€€€€On€22€February€1999,€counsel€requested€reopening€of€the€case€on€the€basis€of€two€reportsÐ à0  Ðfrom€1997€and€1998,€from€The€International€Helsinki€Federation,€describing€serious€human€rightsÐ Ð  Ðviolations€in€Georgia.€In€response€to€the€Refugee€Board's€grounds€for€rejection,€he€contended€thatÐ À Ðthe€reports€show€that€freedom€of€expression€is€restricted€in€Georgia,€and€that€it€was€only€in€theÐ ° Ðauthorities'€interest€that€the€attack€of€the€Zugdidi€prison€and€escape€of€prisoners€was€not€publishedÐ  ð Ðthrough€local€media.€Furthermore,€although€the€reports€do€not€describe€the€demonstration€on€19Ð à ÐNovember€1993,€they€refer€to€several€similar€demonstrations€in€the€periods€prior€to€and€followingÐ €Ð Ðthe€demonstration€of€19€November€1993.€He€also€submitted€that€the€complainant's€description€of€theÐ pÀ Ðprison€conditions€is€consistent€with€the€reports.€On€8€March,€the€Refugee€Board€rejected€theÐ `° Ðapplication.€Ð P  ÐÌ2.8€€€€€€In€May€1999,€counsel€directed€letters€about€the€complainant€to€18€members€of€the€DanishÐ 0€ ÐParliament,€requesting€that€they€address€the€Minister€of€the€Interior€and€ask€that€the€complainantÐ  p Ðobtain€a€residence€permit€for€humanitarian€reasons.€Seven€members€of€the€Parliament€contacted€theÐ ` ÐMinister,€who€in€turn€referred€the€case€to€the€Refugee€Board,€which€rejected€the€request.€Ð P ÐÌò òThe€complaint€ó óÐ à0 ÐÌ3.€€€€€€Counsel€claims€that€the€complainant€fears€that€if€returned€to€Georgia,€she€will€be€arrested,Ð À! Ðtortured€and€killed€for€her€participation€in€the€Mengrel€political€organization€Zwiadists,€theÐ °"  Ðdemonstration€that€took€place€on€19€November€1993,€and€the€effect€of€her€deceased€husband'sÐ  #ð! Ðparticipation€in€the€Mengrel€army.€Counsel€adds€that€there€exists€a€consistent€pattern€of€human€rightsÐ $à" Ðviolations€by€Georgian€authorities,€in€particular€against€political€opponents,€who€risk€torture€andÐ €%Ð # Ðill-treatment€in€prison,€and€there€is€overwhelming€reason€to€believe€that€the€complainant€will€beÐ p&À!$ Ðsubjected€to€torture€or€other€inhuman€treatment€if€returned€to€Georgia.€Ð `'°"% ÐÌò òState€party€observations€on€admissibility€and€the€merits€ó óÐ @)$' ÐÌ4.1€€€€€€In€its€note€verbale€of€10€December€1999,€the€State€party€submits€its€observations€to€theÐ  +p&) Ðadmissibility€and€the€merits€of€the€case.€The€State€party€submits€that€the€complainant€has€failed€toÐ ,`'* Ðestablish€a€prima€facie€case€for€purposes€of€admissibility€of€the€petition,€and€that€the€case€thereforeÐ -P(+ Ðshould€be€declared€inadmissible.€Ð ð-@), Ї4.2€€€€€€The€State€party€contends€that€the€Refugee€Board€has€considered€all€aspects€of€the€case,€takingÐ ° Ðinto€account€the€State€party's€obligations€under€the€Convention,€and€that€no€further€informationÐ  ð Ðsubmitted€to€the€Committee€against€Torture€may€reveal€that€the€complainant€risks€torture€if€returnedÐ à Ðto€Georgia.€It€points€out€that€the€Committee€is€not€an€appellate€but€a€monitoring€body,€and€that€theÐ €Ð Ðcomplainant€is€using€the€Committee€to€obtain€a€renewed€assessment€of€her€case.€Ð pÀ ÐÌ4.3€€€€€€Concerning€the€assessment€whether€there€are€substantial€grounds€for€believing€that€theÐ P   Ðcomplainant€will€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€if€returned€to€Georgia,€the€State€partyÐ @  Ðrefers€to€the€Refugee€Board€decisions€in€their€entirety.€The€State€party€emphasizes€that€accordingÐ 0 € Ðto€background€information€available,€only€high-ranking€or€high€profile€members€of€the€ZwiadistsÐ  p  Ðare€being€persecuted,€and€the€complainant€did€not€belong€to€this€group.€With€reference€to€theÐ `  ÐCommittee's€jurisprudence€in€I.O.A.€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€Ô_ÔSweden,òò1Ô_Ôóó€and€N.P.€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€Ô_ÔAustralia,òò2Ô_Ôóó€the€State€party€argues€thatÐ P  Ðit€is€important€whether€information€about€the€recipient€country€supports€the€complainant's€allegationsÐ ð@  Ðthat€she€risks€being€subjected€to€torture.€Furthermore,€the€State€party€refers€to€X€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€Ô_ÔSwitzerland,òò3Ô_ÔóóÐ à0  Ðwhere€the€Committee€emphasized€that€the€applicant€"does€not€belong€to€a€political,€professional€orÐ Ð  Ðsocial€group€targeted€by€the€authorities€for€repression€and€torture".€Ð À ÐÌ4.4€€€€€€The€State€party€reiterates€that€the€Refugee€Board€did€not€accept€the€complainant's€story€thatÐ  ð Ðshe€had€been€liberated€from€detention€through€an€armed€attack,€mainly€because€there€were€noÐ à Ðreferences€to€such€an€action€in€their€background€material.€Although€the€complainant€claimed€thatÐ €Ð Ðher€father€took€part€in€the€attack,€he€did€not€mention€the€attack€in€his€application€for€asylum.€In€thisÐ pÀ Ðcontext,€the€State€party€refers€to€the€Committee€decision€in€H.D€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€Ô_ÔSwitzerlandòò4Ô_Ôóó€where€theÐ `° ÐCommittee€takes€into€account€whether€the€complainant's€presentation€of€the€facts€are€considered€wellÐ P  Ðattested€and€credible.€Ð @ ÐÌ4.5€€€€€€Moreover,€the€Refugee€Board€found€that€even€if€the€detention€had€taken€place,€they€did€notÐ  p Ðconsider€that€the€complainant€risked€persecution€and€torture€if€returned€to€Georgia.€According€to€theÐ ` ÐState€party,€this€assessment€corresponds€with€the€Committee's€jurisprudence€in€A.L.N€v.€SwitzerlandÐ P Ðand€X,€Y€and€Z€v.€Sweden.òò5óó€Ð ð@ ÐÌ4.6€€€€€€The€State€party€emphasizes€that€there€is€no€objective€evidence€to€support€the€complainant'sÐ Ð  Ðclaim€that€she€has€been€subjected€to€Ô_Ôtorture,òò6Ô_Ôóó€nor€has€it€been€established€that€she€is€wanted€byÐ À! ÐGeorgian€authorities.òò7óó€€The€State€party€emphasizes€that€after€her€liberation,€the€complainant€movedÐ °"  Ðto€the€Gegetjkori€region€and€resumed€her€political€activities,€but€that€she€has€not€alleged€anyÐ  #ð! Ðproblems€with€the€authorities€while€she€resided€Ô_Ôthere,òò8Ô_Ôóó€and€that€the€events€that€motivated€herÐ $à" Ðdeparture€date€relatively€far€back€in€time.òò9óó€Ð €%Ð # ÐÌ4.7€€€€€€The€Refugee€Board€did€not€attach€importance€to€the€declaration€of€the€complainant'sÐ `'°"% Ðneighbours,€explaining€that€the€authorities€persecuted€her€family€by€visiting€and€threatening€them,Ð P( #& Ðas€this€allegation€was€submitted€at€a€later€stage€in€the€asylum€proceedings€and€had€not€beenÐ @)$' Ðmentioned€in€her€previous€statements.€The€State€party€refers€to€the€Committee's€practice€that€if€aÐ 0*€%( Ðcomplainant€changes€his€or€her€account€during€the€processing€of€the€asylum€application,€it€isÐ  +p&) Ðimportant€that€a€logical€explanation€be€given€for€doing€so.òò10óó€Ð ,`'* ÐÌ4.8€€€€€€The€State€party€also€considers€it€to€be€consistent€with€the€Committee's€jurisprudence,€that€dueÐ ð-@), Ðweight€be€given€to€the€fact€that€the€Convention€against€Torture€entered€into€force€for€Georgia€on€25Ð ° ÐNovember€1994.€Ð  ð ÐÌò òThe€complainant's€comments€on€the€State€party's€observations€ó óÐ €Ð ÐÌ5.1€€€€€€In€a€letter€of€7€February€2000,€counsel€refers€to€the€Committee's€jurisprudence€in€E.A.€Ô_Ôv.Ô_ÔÐ ` ° ÐÔ_ÔSwitzerlandòò11Ô_Ôóó€stating€that€it€is€sufficient€that€"'substantial€grounds'€in€article€3€require€more€than€aÐ P   Ðmere€possibility€of€torture€but€do€not€need€to€be€highly€likely€to€occur€to€satisfy€that€provision'sÐ @  Ðconditions",€and€contends€that€the€complainant€fulfils€this€condition.€Ð 0 € ÐÌ5.2€€€€€€Regarding€the€State€party's€argument€that€the€complainant's€father€did€not€mention€in€hisÐ `  Ðasylum€application€that€he€participated€in€the€liberation€of€prisoners,€among€them€the€complainant,Ð P  Ðthis€is€explained€by€his€general€scepticism€towards€authorities€and€his€mental€situation€subsequentÐ ð@  Ðto€his€partisan€life.€Ð à0  ÐÌ5.3€€€€€€Furthermore,€the€complainant€cannot€document€that€she€has€been€subjected€to€torture,Ð À Ðincluding€rape,€as€she€has€not€undergone€a€medical€examination€in€this€regard.€Her€reluctance€toÐ ° Ðsubmit€this€information€to€the€Danish€authorities€is€explainable€by€the€trauma€of€such€experiences.Ð  ð ÐCounsel€quotes€the€Committee's€jurisprudence€in€Kisoki€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€Ô_ÔSwedenòò12Ô_Ôóó€that€"complete€accuracy€isÐ à Ðseldom€to€be€expected€by€victims€of€torture€and€that€such€inconsistencies€as€may€exist€in€the€author'sÐ €Ð Ðpresentation€of€the€facts€are€not€material€and€do€not€raise€doubts€about€the€general€veracity€of€theÐ pÀ Ðauthor's€claims".€Ð `° ÐÌ5.4€€€€€€Counsel€submits€that€although€Georgia€has€ratified€the€Convention,€it€is€apparent€that,€in€viewÐ @ Ðof€the€ongoing€persecutions€of€political€opponents,€Georgia€is€not€observing€its€obligations€underÐ 0€ Ðthe€Convention.€Ð  p ÐÌ5.5€€€€€€Counsel€attaches€a€letter€from€the€Refugee€Board€saying€that€the€Board€has€decided€to€reopenÐ P Ðthe€complainant's€case€because€of€information€that€she,€if€returned€to€Georgia,€risks€deportation€toÐ ð@ ÐAbkhasia.€However,€counsel€submits€in€a€further€letter€of€1€February€2002,€that€the€Refugee€Board'sÐ à0 Ðdecision€of€24€January€2002€was€unfavourable€to€the€complainant.€It€appears€from€the€RefugeeÐ Ð  ÐBoard's€decision€that€upon€a€general€request€from€the€State€party,€UNHCR€responded€that€GeorgianÐ À! Ðcitizens€upon€return€do€not€risk€deportation€to€Abkhasia.€Ð °"  ÐÌò òDecision€concerning€admissibility€and€examination€of€the€merits€ó óÐ $à" ÐÌ6.€€€€€€Before€considering€any€claim€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Committee€against€TortureÐ p&À!$ Ðmust€decide€whether€or€not€it€is€admissible€under€article€22€of€the€Convention.€The€Committee€hasÐ `'°"% Ðascertained,€as€it€is€required€to€do€under€article€22,€paragraph€5€(a)€of€the€Convention€that€the€sameÐ P( #& Ðmatter€has€not€been,€and€is€not€being€examined€under€another€procedure€of€internationalÐ @)$' Ðinvestigation€or€settlement.€The€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€has€objected€to€theÐ 0*€%( Ðadmissibility€of€the€communication€on€the€ground€that€the€complainant€has€failed€to€establish€aÐ  +p&) Ðprima€facie€case€for€the€purpose€of€admissibility.€Considering€the€complainant's€submissionsÐ ,`'* Ðregarding€her€membership€with€the€Zwiadists€since€mid-1992,€her€participation€in€different€aspectsÐ -P(+ Ðof€their€work,€her€alleged€experiences€of€being€subjected€to€torture,€compared€with€the€existingÐ ð-@), Ðsituation€of€persecution€of€political€opponents€in€Georgia,€the€Committee€finds€that€the€complainant'sÐ ° Ðallegations€have€surmounted€the€threshold€of€admissibility,€and€the€Committee€therefore€proceedsÐ  ð Ðwith€the€examination€of€the€merits€of€the€communication.€Ð à ÐÌ7.€€€€€€In€accordance€with€article€3,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€has€to€determineÐ pÀ Ðwhether€there€are€substantial€grounds€for€believing€that€the€complainant€would€be€in€danger€of€beingÐ ` ° Ðsubjected€to€torture€if€returned€to€Georgia.€In€order€to€do€this,€the€Committee€must,€in€accordanceÐ P   Ðwith€article€3,€paragraph€2,€take€into€account€all€relevant€considerations,€including€the€existence€ofÐ @  Ða€consistent€pattern€of€gross,€flagrant€or€mass€violations€of€human€rights.€Ð 0 € ÐÌ8.€€€€€However,€the€Committee€has€to€determine€whether€the€person€concerned€would€be€personallyÐ `  Ðat€risk€of€being€subjected€to€torture€in€the€country€to€which€he€or€she€would€be€expelled.Ð P  ÐConsequently,€the€existence€of€a€consistent€pattern€of€gross,€flagrant€or€mass€violations€of€humanÐ ð@  Ðrights€in€a€particular€country€does€not€in€itself€constitute€a€sufficient€ground€for€concluding€that€aÐ à0  Ðparticular€person€would€be€in€danger€of€being€subjected€to€torture€after€returning€to€his€or€herÐ Ð  Ðcountry;€additional€grounds€must€exist€in€order€to€conclude€that€the€person€concerned€is€personallyÐ À Ðat€risk.€Ð ° ÐÌ9.€€€€€€In€the€present€case,€therefore,€the€Committee€has€to€determine€whether€the€expulsion€of€theÐ à Ðcomplainant€to€Georgia€would€have€the€foreseeable€consequence€of€exposing€her€to€a€real€andÐ €Ð Ðpersonal€risk€of€being€arrested€and€tortured.€Ð pÀ ÐÌ10.€€€€€The€State€party€has€pointed€to€inconsistencies€in€the€complainant's€statements,€which€in€itsÐ P  Ðopinion€cast€doubt€on€the€veracity€of€her€allegations.€The€Committee€reaffirms€its€jurisprudence€thatÐ @ Ðtorture€victims€cannot€be€expected€to€recall€entirely€consistent€facts€relating€to€events€of€extremeÐ 0€ Ðtrauma.€But€they€must€be€prepared€to€advance€such€evidence€as€there€is€in€support€of€such€a€claim.Ð  p ÐThe€political€activities€that€the€complainant€claims€to€have€carried€out€since€she€became€a€memberÐ ` Ðof€the€Zwiadists,€are€not€of€such€a€nature€as€to€conclude€that€she€risks€being€tortured€upon€her€return.Ð P ÐNor€does€any€of€the€information€provided€reveal€that€the€complainant€risks€being€subjected€to€tortureÐ ð@ Ðbecause€of€her€husband's€partisan€work€and€execution€by€the€governmental€forces.€This€view€isÐ à0 Ðfurther€supported€by€the€fact€that€the€complainant€was€not€the€object€of€interest€by€GeorgianÐ Ð  Ðauthorities€after€she€was€released€from€detention€in€1993,€and€until€she€left€the€country€in€1996.€InÐ À! Ðthis€respect,€the€Committee€does€not€attach€importance€to€the€neighbours'€declaration€stating€that€theÐ °"  Ðcomplainant€was€persecuted€while€residing€in€Ô_ÔGegetjkoriÔ_Ô€from€1994€to€her€departure€in€1996,€sinceÐ  #ð! Ðshe€did€not€submit€this€allegation€until€29€October€1998,€more€than€two€and€a€half€years€after€sheÐ $à" Ðlodged€her€initial€application€for€asylum.€Ð €%Ð # ÐÌ11.€€€€€€On€the€basis€of€the€above€considerations,€the€Committee€considers€that€the€complainant€hasÐ `'°"% Ðnot€substantiated€her€claim€that€she€risks€being€subjected€to€torture€upon€return€to€Georgia.€Ð P( #& ÐÌ12.€€€€€€The€Committee€against€Torture,€acting€under€article€22,€paragraph€7,€of€the€ConventionÐ 0*€%( Ðagainst€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€concludes€thatÐ  +p&) Ðthe€removal€of€the€complainant€to€Georgia€would€not€constitute€a€breach€of€article€3€of€theÐ ,`'* ÐConvention.€Ð -P(+ ÐÐ ð-@), Ð_________________________€Ð ° ÐÌ*€The€following€members€of€the€Committee€participated€in€the€examination€of€the€case:€Mr.€PeterÐ à ÐThomas€Burns,€Mr.€Ô_ÔGuibrilÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔCamaraÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Ô_ÔSayedÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔKassemÔ_Ô€El€Ô_ÔMasryÔ_Ô,€Ms.€Felice€Ô_ÔGaerÔ_Ô,€Sr.€Ô_ÔAlejandroÔ_ÔÐ €Ð ÐGonzalez€Ô_ÔPobleteÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Andreas€Ô_ÔMavrommatisÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Fernando€Ô_ÔMarioÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMenendezÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Alexander€M.Ð pÀ ÐÔ_ÔYakovlevÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Yu€Ô_ÔMengjiaÔ_Ô.€Ð ` ° ÐÌ**€Ô_ÔPusuantÔ_Ô€to€Rule€103,€paragraph€1€(c),€Mr€Ole€Ô_ÔVedelÔ_Ô€Rasmussen€did€not€participate€in€theÐ @  Ðconsideration€of€the€complaint.€Ð 0 € ÐÌÌò òNotes€ó óÐ P  ÐÌòò1óó€€Complaint€No.€65/1997€of€6€May€1998,€paragraph€14.5.Ð à0  ЀÌòò2óó€€Complaint€No.€106/1998€of€3€June€1999,€paragraph€6.5.€Ð À ÐÌòò3óó€€Complaint€No.€38/1995€of€9€May€1997,€paragraph€10.5.€Ð  ð ÐÌòò4óó€€Complaint€No.€112/1998€of€3€June€1999,€paragraph€6.4,€see€similar€statement€in€Ô_ÔSeidÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMortesaÔ_ÔÐ €Ð ÐÔ_ÔAemeiÔ_Ô€v.€Switzerland€Complaint€No.€34/1995€of€29€May€1997,€paragraph€9.6.€Ð pÀ ÐÌòò5óó€€Complaint€No€90/1997€of€19€May€1998,€paragraph€8.3,€and€Complaint€No.€61/1996€of€6€MayÐ P  Ð1998,€paragraph€11.2.€Ð @ ÐÌòò6óó€€Reference€is€made€to€Complaint€No.€65/1997,€paragraph€14.3.€Ð  p ÐÌòò7óó€€Reference€is€made€to€Complaint€No.€94/1997€of€20€May€1998,€Ô_ÔK.N.Ô_Ô€v.€Switzerland,€paragraph€10.3Ð P Ðand€10.4.€Ð ð@ ÐÌòò8óó€€Reference€is€made€to€Complaint€No.€112/1998,€paragraph€6.5.€Ð Ð  ÐÌòò9óó€€Reference€is€made€to€Complaint€No€27/1995€of€28€April€1997,€X€v.€Switzerland,€paragraph€11.3.€Ð °"  ÐÌòò10óó€Reference€is€made€to€Complaints€Nos.€97/1997€of€12€November€1998,€Ô_ÔOrhanÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔAyasÔ_Ô€v.€Sweden,Ð $à" Ðparagraph€6.5,€106/1998,€paragraph€6.6,€and€104/1998€of€21€June€1998,€Ô_ÔMBBÔ_Ô€v.€Sweden,€paragraphÐ €%Ð # Ð6.6.€Ð p&À!$ ÐÌòò11óó€Complaint€No.€28/1995€of€10€November€1997,€paragraph€11.3.€Ð P( #& ÐÌòò12óó€€Complaint€No.€41/1996€of€8€May€1996,€paragraph€9.3.€Ð 0*€%( ÐÌÓªÓ