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Ðidentified€because€they€are€serious,€protective,€and€are€considered€able€to€be€accomplished€within€one€year.€Ð  &Z!" ÐThe€States€parties€are€asked€to€provide€within€one€year€information€on€the€measures€taken€to€give€effectÐ 'T"# Ðto€its€ð ðfollow-up€recommendationsðð€which€are€specifically€noted€in€a€paragraph€near€the€end€of€theÐ þ'N#$ Ðconclusions€and€recommendations€on€the€review€of€the€States€partiesðð€report€under€article€19.Ð ø(H$% ÐÌ42.€€Since€the€procedure€was€established€at€the€thirtieth€session€in€May€2003€through€the€end€of€theÐ ì*<&' Ðthirty-sixth€session€in€May€2006,€the€Committee€has€reviewed€39€States€for€which€it€has€identifiedÐ æ+6'( Ðfollow-up€recommendations.€€Of€the€19€States€parties€that€were€due€to€have€submitted€their€follow-upÐ à,0() Ðreports€to€the€Committee€by€1€May€2006,€12€had€completed€this€requirement€(Argentina,€Azerbaijan,Ð Ú-*)* ÐCzech€Republic,€Colombia,€Germany,€Greece,€Latvia,€Lithuania,€Morocco,€New€Zealand,€UnitedÐ ° ÐKingdom,€and€Yemen).€€As€of€May,€seven€States€had€failed€to€supply€follow-up€information€that€had€fallenÐ ªú Ðdue€(Bulgaria,€Cambodia,€Cameroon,€Chile,€Croatia,€Moldova,€Monaco),€and€each€was€sent€a€reminderÐ ¤ô Ðof€the€items€still€outstanding€and€requesting€them€to€submit€information€to€the€Committee.€Ð žî ÐÌ43.€€With€this€procedure,€the€Committee€seeks€to€advance€the€Conventionððs€requirement€that€ð ðeach€StateÐ ’ â Ðparty€shall€take€effective€legislative,€administrative,€judicial€or€other€measures€to€prevent€acts€of€torture€ð8ðððÐ Œ Ü Ð(art.€2,€para.€1)€and€the€undertaking€ð ðto€prevent€ð8ð€other€acts€of€cruel,€inhuman€and€degrading€treatmentÐ † Ö Ðor€punishment€ð8ððð€(art.€16).Ð € Ð ÐÌ44.€€The€Rapporteur€has€expressed€appreciation€for€the€information€provided€by€States€parties€regardingÐ tÄ  Ðthose€measures€taken€to€implement€their€obligations€under€the€Convention.€€In€addition,€she€has€assessedÐ n¾  Ðthe€responses€received€as€to€whether€all€of€the€items€designated€by€the€Committee€for€follow-up€(normallyÐ h¸  Ðbetween€three€to€six€recommendations)€have€been€addressed,€whether€the€information€provided€respondsÐ b²  Ðto€the€Committeeððs€concern,€and€whether€further€information€is€required.€€Where€further€information€isÐ \¬  Ðneeded,€she€writes€to€the€State€party€concerned€with€specific€requests€for€further€clarification.€€With€regardÐ V¦ Ðto€States€that€have€not€supplied€the€follow-up€information€at€all,€she€writes€to€solicit€the€outstandingÐ P  Ðinformation.€Ð Jš ÐÌ45.€€Each€letter€responds€specifically€and€in€detail€to€the€information€presented€by€the€State€party,€whichÐ >Ž Ðis€given€a€formal€United€Nations€document€symbol€number.Ð 8ˆ ÐÌ46.€€Since€the€recommendations€to€each€State€party€are€crafted€to€reflect€the€specific€situation€in€thatÐ ,| Ðcountry,€the€follow-up€responses€from€the€States€parties€and€letters€from€the€Rapporteur€requesting€furtherÐ &v Ðclarification€address€a€wide€array€of€topics.€€Among€those€addressed€in€the€letters€sent€to€States€partiesÐ  p Ðrequesting€further€information€have€been€a€number€of€precise€maÔ_ÔttersÔ_Ô€seen€as€essential€to€the€implementationÐ j Ðof€the€recommendation€in€question.€€A€number€of€issues€have€been€highlighted€to€reflect€not€only€theÐ d Ðinformation€provided,€but€also€the€issues€not€addressed€but€which€are€deemed€essential€in€the€CommitteeððsÐ ^ Ðongoing€work€in€order€to€be€effective€in€taking€preventive€and€protective€measures€to€eliminate€torture€andÐ  X Ðill-treatment.Ð !R Ð...Ð ü!L ÐÔL  ÔÔM  Ô48.€€The€chart€below€details,€as€of€19€May€2006,€the€end€of€the€Committeeððs€thirty-sixth€session,€the€stateÐ ö"F Ðof€the€replies€with€respect€to€follow-up.Ð ð#@  ÐÌ...Ð ä%4!" ÐÔL  ÔÔM  ÔÔL  ÔÔM  ÔÓ  Óò òB.€€Follow-up€reply€due€May€2006€and€November€2006ó óÐ Þ&."# ÐÓ¢ÓÌÔ*’ƒ12„ddd Xdd Xdd X°(#°(#’ÔÔ,‘dd ÔÔ,'dd ÔÔ,Üdd ÔÔ, dd ÔÔ,rdd ÔÔ+  ÔÐ Ò("$%Ò("$ ÐState€partyÐ  6)†$& ÐDate€dueÐ  6)†$' ÐDate€replyÐ 6)†$( ÐreceivedÐ  0*€%) ÐDocument€symbol€numberÐ  6)†$* ÐFurther€actionÐ 6)†$+ Ðtaken/requiredÐ  0*€%, Ð...Ð  ¾+'- ÐÐ  ¾+'. ÐÐ  ¾+'/ ÐÐ  ¾+'0 ÐÐ  ¾+'1 ÐEcuadorÐ  L-œ(2 ÐNovember€2006Ð  L-œ(3 ÐÐ  L-œ(4 ÐÐ  L-œ(5 ÐÐ  L-œ(6 Ð...Ð  d ÐÐ  d „„ÐÐ d" ÐÐ  d ÐÐ d  ÐÐ  >Ž Ðò òCAT,€A/62/44€(2007)ó óÐ ° ÐÌ...Ð ¤ô ÐÓ  ÓIV.à  àFOLLOW€UP€ON€CONCLUSIONS€AND€RECOMMENDATIONS€ON€STATES€PARTIESÐ žî ÐÔ_ÔREPORTSÔ_ÔÐ ˜è ÐÓû ÓÌÓ  Ó46.à  àIn€Chapter€IV€of€its€annual€report€for€2005€2006€(A/61/44),€the€Committee€described€theÐ Œ Ü Ðframework€that€it€had€developed€to€provide€for€follow€up€subsequent€to€the€adoption€of€the€conclusionsÐ † Ö Ðand€recommendations€on€States€parties€reports€submitted€under€article€19€of€the€Convention.€It€alsoÐ € Ð Ðpresented€information€on€the€Committeeððs€experience€in€receiving€information€from€States€parties€from€theÐ z Ê  Ðinitiation€of€the€procedure€in€May€2003€through€May€2006.€This€chapter€updates€the€CommitteeððsÐ tÄ  Ðexperience€to€18€May€2007,€the€end€of€its€thirty€eighth€session.Ð n¾  ÐÌ47.à  àIn€accordance€with€rule€68,€paragraph€2,€of€the€rules€of€procedure,€the€Committee€established€theÐ b²  Ðpost€of€Rapporteur€for€follow€up€to€conclusions€and€recommendations€under€article€19€of€the€ConventionÐ \¬  Ðand€appointed€Ms.€Felice€Ô_ÔGaerÔ_Ô€to€that€position.€As€in€the€past,€Ms.€Ô_ÔGaerÔ_Ô€presented€a€progress€report€toÐ V¦ Ðthe€Committee€in€May€2007€on€the€results€of€the€procedure.Ð P  ÐÌ48.à  àThe€Rapporteur€has€emphasized€that€the€follow€up€procedure€aims€ð ðto€make€more€effective€theÐ D” Ðstruggle€against€torture€and€other€cruel,€inhuman€and€degrading€treatment€or€punishmentðð,€as€articulated€inÐ >Ž Ðthe€preamble€to€the€Convention.€At€the€conclusion€of€the€Committeeððs€review€of€each€State€party€report,Ð 8ˆ Ðthe€Committee€identifies€concerns€and€recommends€specific€actions€designed€to€enhance€each€State€partyððsÐ 2‚ Ðability€to€implement€the€measures€necessary€and€appropriate€to€prevent€acts€of€torture€and€cruel€treatment,Ð ,| Ðand€thereby€assists€States€parties€in€bringing€their€law€and€practice€into€full€compliance€with€the€obligationsÐ &v Ðset€forth€in€the€Convention.Ð  p ÐÌ49.à  àSince€its€thirtieth€session€in€May€2003,€the€Committee€began€the€practice€of€identifying€a€limitedÐ d Ðnumber€of€these€recommendations€that€warrant€a€request€for€additional€information€following€the€reviewÐ ^ Ðand€discussion€with€the€State€party€concerning€its€periodic€report.€Such€ð ðfollow€upðð€recommendations€areÐ  X Ðidentified€because€they€are€serious,€protÔ_ÔectiveÔ_Ô,€and€are€considered€able€to€be€accomplished€within€one€year.Ð !R ÐThe€States€parties€are€asked€to€provide€within€one€year€information€on€the€measures€taken€to€give€effectÐ ü!L Ðto€its€ð ðfollow€up€recommendationsðð€which€are€specifically€noted€in€a€paragraph€near€the€end€of€theÐ ö"F Ðconclusions€and€recommendations€on€the€review€of€the€States€partiesðð€reports€under€article€19.Ð ð#@  ÐÌ50.à  àSince€the€procedure€was€established€at€the€thirtieth€session€in€May€2003,€through€the€end€of€theÐ ä%4!" Ðthirty€eighth€session€in€May€2007€the€Committee€has€reviewed€53€States€for€which€it€has€identified€followÐ Þ&."# Ðup€recommendations.€Of€the€39€States€parties€that€were€due€to€have€submitted€their€follow€up€reports€toÐ Ø'(#$ Ðthe€Committee€by€18€May€2007,€25€had€completed€this€requirement€(Albania,€Argentina,€Austria,Ð Ò("$% ÐAzerbaijan,€Bahrain,€Canada,€Chile,€Czech€Republic,€Colombia,€Croatia,€Ecuador,€Finland,€France,Ð Ì)%& ÐGermany,€Greece,€Latvia,€Lithuania,€Monaco,€Morocco,€New€Zealand,€Qatar,€Sri€Lanka,€Switzerland,Ð Æ*&' ÐUnited€Kingdom€and€Yemen).€As€of€18€May,€14€States€had€not€yet€supplied€follow€up€information€that€hadÐ À+'( Ðfallen€due€(Bulgaria,€Bosnia€and€Herzegovina,€Cambodia,€Cameroon,€Democratic€Republic€of€the€Congo,Ð º, () ÐGeorgia,€Guatemala,€Republic€of€Korea,€Moldova,€Nepal,€Peru,€Togo,€Uganda€and€United€States€ofÐ ´-)* ÐAmerica).€In€March€2007,€the€Rapporteur€sent€a€reminder€requesting€the€outstanding€information€to€eachÐ ° Ðof€the€States€whose€follow€up€information€was€due€in€November€2006,€but€had€not€yet€been€submitted,Ð ªú Ðand€who€had€not€previously€been€sent€a€reminder.Ð ¤ô ÐÌ51.à  àThe€Rapporteur€noted€that€14€follow€up€reports€had€fallen€due€since€the€previous€annual€reportÐ ˜è Ð(A/61/44).€However,€only€4€(Austria,€Ecuador,€Qatar€and€Sri€Lanka)€of€these€14€States€had€submitted€theÐ ’ â Ðfollow€up€information€in€a€timely€manner.€Despite€this,€she€expressed€the€view€that€the€follow€up€procedureÐ Œ Ü Ðhad€been€remarkably€successful€in€eliciting€valuable€additional€information€from€States€on€protectiveÐ † Ö Ðmeasures€taken€during€the€immediate€follow€up€to€the€review€of€the€periodic€reports.€While€comparativelyÐ € Ð Ðfew€States€had€replied€precisely€on€time,€19€of€the€25€respondents€had€submitted€the€information€on€timeÐ z Ê  Ðor€within€a€matter€of€one€to€four€months€following€the€due€date.€Reminders€seemed€to€help€elicit€many€ofÐ tÄ  Ðthese€responses.€The€Rapporteur€also€expressed€appreciation€to€non€governmental€organizations,€manyÐ n¾  Ðof€whom€had€also€encouraged€States€parties€to€submit€follow€up€information€in€a€timely€way.Ð h¸  ÐÌ52.à  àThrough€this€procedure,€the€Committee€seeks€to€advance€the€Conventionððs€requirement€that€ð ðeachÐ \¬  ÐState€party€shall€take€effective€legislative,€administrative,€judicial€or€other€measures€to€prevent€acts€ofÐ V¦ Ðtorture€ð8ððð€(art.€2,€para.€1)€and€the€undertaking€ð ðto€prevent€ð8ð€other€acts€of€cruel,€inhuman€and€degradingÐ P  Ðtreatment€or€punishment€ð8ððð€(art.€16).Ð Jš ÐÌ53.à  àThe€Rapporteur€has€expressed€appreciation€for€the€information€provided€by€States€partiesÐ >Ž Ðregarding€those€measures€taken€to€implement€their€obligations€under€the€Convention.€In€addition,€she€hasÐ 8ˆ Ðassessed€the€responses€received€as€to€whether€all€the€items€designated€by€the€Committee€for€follow€upÐ 2‚ Ð(normally€between€three€and€six€recommendations)€have€been€addressed,€whether€the€information€providedÐ ,| Ðresponds€to€the€Committeeððs€concern,€and€whether€further€information€is€required.€Each€letter€respondsÐ &v Ðspecifically€and€in€detail€to€the€information€presented€by€the€State€party.€Where€further€information€isÐ  p Ðneeded,€she€writes€to€the€State€party€concerned€with€specific€requests€for€further€clarification.€With€regardÐ j Ðto€States€that€have€not€supplied€the€follow€up€information€at€all,€she€writes€to€solicit€the€outstandingÐ d Ðinformation.Ð ^ ÐÌ54.à  àAt€its€thirty€eighth€session€in€May,€the€Committee€decided€to€make€public€the€Rapporteurððs€lettersÐ !R Ðto€the€States€parties.€These€would€be€assigned€a€United€Nations€document€symbol€number€and€placed€onÐ ü!L Ðthe€web€page€of€the€Committee.€The€Committee€further€decided€to€assign€a€United€Nations€documentÐ ö"F Ðsymbol€number€to€all€States€partiesðð€replies€(these€symbol€numbers€are€under€consideration)€to€the€followÐ ð#@  Ðup€and€also€place€them€on€its€website.Ð ê$: ! ÐÌ55.à  àSince€the€recommendations€to€each€State€party€are€crafted€to€reflect€the€specific€situation€in€thatÐ Þ&."# Ðcountry,€the€follow€up€responses€from€the€States€parties€and€letters€from€the€Rapporteur€requesting€furtherÐ Ø'(#$ Ðclarification€address€a€wide€array€of€topics.€Among€those€addressed€in€the€letters€sent€to€States€partiesÐ Ò("$% Ðrequesting€further€information€have€been€a€number€of€precise€matters€seen€as€essential€to€the€implementationÐ Ì)%& Ðof€the€recommendation€in€question.€A€number€of€issues€have€been€highlighted€to€reflect€not€only€theÐ Æ*&' Ðinformation€provided,€but€also€the€issues€that€have€not€been€addressed€but€which€are€deemed€essential€toÐ À+'( Ðthe€Committeeððs€ongoing€work,€in€order€to€be€effective€in€taking€preventive€and€protective€measures€toÐ º, () Ðeliminate€torture€and€ill€treatment.Ð ´-)* Ð...Ð ° Ð57.à  àThe€chart€below€details,€as€of€18€May€2007,€the€end€of€the€Committeeððs€thirty€eighth€session,€theÐ ªú Ðstate€of€the€replies€with€respect€to€follow€up.Ð ¤ô ÐÓ¶!Ó€Ìò òFollow€up€procedure€to€conclusions€and€recommendations€from€May€2003€to€May€2007Ð ˜è ÐÌ...ó óÐ Œ Ü Ðò òThirty€fifth€session€(November€2005)ó óÐ † Ö ÐÌÔ*¸ƒ?@ûd„d‘dd ‘'dd 'Üdd Ü dd  rdd r12°(#°(#¸ÔÔ,Ü\RÔÔ,\RÔÔ,: \RÔÔ,' \\ÔÔ+  ÔÐ 4*z Ê z Ê €€‚ ‚ƒ ƒ„„‹‹4Ðò òState€partyó óÐ 9/!„ Ô " „„‹‹9Ðò òInformationÐ „ Ô  Ðdue€inó óÐ 9/!~Î " „„‹‹9Ðò òInformation€receivedó óÐ 9/!„ Ô " „„‹‹9Ðò òAction€takenó óÐ H>,„ Ô"   €€‚‚ƒƒ‹‹HÐ...Ð '‚Ò  ‹‹'ÐÐ '‚Ò  ‹‹'ÐÐ '‚Ò  ‹‹'ÐÐ ?5#‚Ò    €€‚‚ƒƒ‹‹?ÐEcuadorÐ '|Ì  ‹‹'ÐNovember€2006Ð '|Ì  ‹‹'Ð20€November€2006Ð |Ì  ÐCAT/C/ECU/CO/3/Add.1Ð 'vÆ  ‹‹'ÐResponse€under€reviewÐ ?5#|Ì    €€‚‚ƒƒ‹ ‹?Ð...Ð 'pÀ   ‹ ‹'ÐÐ 'pÀ   ‹ ‹'ÐÐ 'pÀ   ‹‹'ÐÐ3)'pÀ     3ÐÐ  jº Ðò òFollow-up€-€State€ReportingÐ ° Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€ii)€Action€by€State€PartyÐ ªú ÐÌCAT,€CAT/C/ECU/CO/3/Add.1€(2007)ó óÐ žî ÐÌÓ  ÓòòComments€by€the€Government€of€Ecuador€concerning€the€conclusions€and€recommendations€of€theÐ ’ â ÐCommittee€against€Torture€(CAT/C/ECU/CO/3)òò*óóóóÐ Œ Ü ÐÌòòReport€of€the€Government€of€Ecuador€on€its€Implementation€of€the€Recommendations€of€the€CommitteeÐ € Ð ÐAgainst€Torture€in€Connection€with€the€Consideration€of€the€Third€Periodic€Report€of€EcuadorÐ z Ê  ÐóóÌ1.à  àThe€Government€of€Ecuador€wishes€to€report€on€the€specific€measures€that€it€has€taken€toÐ n¾  Ðimplement€the€recommendations€contained€in€paragraphs€17,€22,€24€and€25€of€the€conclusions€andÐ h¸  Ðrecommendations€of€the€Committee€against€Torture€(CAT/C/ECU/CO/3)€in€connection€with€theÐ b²  Ðconsideration€of€the€third€periodic€report€of€Ecuador€(CAT/C/39/Add.6).Ð \¬  ÐÌ2.à  àOn€16€December€2005,€the€Ministry€of€Foreign€Affairs€sent€a€copy€of€the€conclusions€andÐ P  Ðrecommendations€of€the€Committee€against€Torture€to€State€institutions€for€consideration€andÐ Jš Ðimplementation€in€accordance€with€their€respective€spheres€of€competence€and€responsibility.€TheseÐ D” Ðinstitutions€have€reported€on€the€progress€achieved€over€the€period€of€nearly€one€year.€Their€replies,Ð >Ž Ðtogether€with€the€comments€of€civil€society€organizations,€have€been€compiled€and€are€presented€below.€Ð 8ˆ ÐÌòòParagraph€17óóÐ ,| ÐÌ3.à  àWith€regard€to€Ecuadorððs€obligation€to€ensure€that€allegations€of€torture€and€ill-treatment€ofÐ  p Ðmembers€of€vulnerable€groups€are€thoroughly€investigated,€it€should€be€pointed€out€that,€in€order€to€ensureÐ j Ðeffective€compliance€with€Ecuadorian€legislation,€which€has€already€incorporated€the€provisions€containedÐ d Ðin€articles€2€and€12€of€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€or€Degrading€TreatmentÐ ^ Ðor€Punishment,€in€February€2006€the€Public€Prosecutorððs€Office,€which€is€responsible€for€the€pretrial€andÐ  X Ðprocedural€investigation€of€publicly€Ô_ÔprosecutableÔ_Ô€offences,€distributed€the€Committeeððs€conclusions€andÐ !R Ðrecommendations€to€its€staff.€Accordingly,€district€public€prosecutors€have€taken€steps€to€place€emphasisÐ ü!L Ðon€the€investigation€of€cases€of€torture€or€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatment€of€members€of€vulnerableÐ ö"F Ðgroups.€Some€positive€results€have€already€been€achieved:€for€example,€Catalina€Castro€Ô_ÔLlerenaÔ_Ô,Ð ð#@  Ðprosecuting€officer€of€Ô_ÔManabÔ_Ô,€initiated€a€preliminary€investigation€in€response€to€repeated€complaints€filedÐ ê$: ! Ðindividually€by€inmates€and€to€reports€published€in€the€Ô_ÔManabÔ_Ô€local€press€that€torture€was€being€Ô_ÔpractisedÔ_ÔÐ ä%4!" Ðin€various€departments€of€the€El€Rodeo€social€rehabilitation€Ô_ÔcentreÔ_Ô.€It€is€not€possible€to€inform€theÐ Þ&."# ÐCommittee€of€the€findings€of€this€investigation€since€it€has€not€yet€been€completed.òòò ò€1ó óóóÐ Ø'(#$ ÐÌ4.à  àThe€Public€Prosecutorððs€Office€relies,€for€investigative€purposes,€on€the€Judicial€Police,€which€thisÐ Ì)%& Ðyear€has€taken€steps€to€provide€specialized€training€for€its€staff€in€investigative€and€legal€matters.€IndividualsÐ Æ*&' Ðperforming€this€function€are€police€officers€who€have€been€accredited€by€the€Public€Prosecutorððs€Office;Ð À+'( Ðthe€procedures€they€adopt€are€thus€carried€out€in€strict€conformity€with€the€law€and€are€based€on€respectÐ º, () Ðfor€human€rights.Ð ´-)* ÐÔ_Ô‡5.à  àWith€respect€to€the€issue€of€gender,€the€Public€Prosecutorððs€Office€has€assigned€priority€totheÐ ° Ðinvestigation€of€allegations€of€torture€of€women.€According€to€the€Officeððs€statistics,€in2001,€15€casesÐ ªú Ðinvolving€sexual€offences€and€domestic€violence€were€brought€before€the€ordinary€criminal€courts.€BetweenÐ ¤ô ÐJanuary€and€December€2002,€this€figure€rose€to€232€cases,€while€between€January€and€December€2003,Ð žî Ðthere€were€422€cases,€which€were€investigated€promptly€and€effectively.Ð ˜è ÐÌ6.à  àSince€the€investigation€and€prosecution€of€sexual€offences€calls€for€staff€with€technical€skills,€theÐ Œ Ü ÐPublic€Prosecutorððs€Office€has€taken€steps€to€create€specialized€units€for€domestic€violence€and€sexualÐ † Ö Ðoffences€in€the€three€largest€districts€of€the€country:€Guayas„Galpagos,€Pichincha€and€Manab,€and€hasÐ € Ð Ðheld€several€training€courses.Ð z Ê  ÐÌ7.à  àThe€Public€Prosecutorððs€Office€has€implemented€policies€aimed€at€preventing€and€dealing€withÐ n¾  Ðviolence€against€women€and€domestic€violence.€On€a€number€of€occasions,€civil€society€organizations,€theÐ h¸  Ðcentral€Government€and€local€governments€have€made€concerted€efforts€to€contribute€to€the€elimination€ofÐ b²  Ðgender€violence.Ð \¬  ÐÌ8.à  àAs€is€clear€from€the€foregoing,€the€work€of€the€Commissioners€for€Women€and€the€Family,Ð P  Ðmentioned€in€Ecuadorððs€third€periodic€report,òòò ò2ó óóó€is€fully€supported€by€action€on€the€part€of€the€PublicÐ Jš ÐProsecutorððs€Office,€which€has€introduced€gender€mainstreaming€as€an€institutional€policy€to€be€followedÐ D” Ðin€all€its€operations.Ð >Ž ÐÌ9.à  àIn€addition,€the€State€has€at€its€disposal€the€Department€for€the€Protection€of€the€Rights€of€Women,Ð 2‚ ÐChildren€and€Adolescents,€which€is€part€of€the€Office€of€the€Ombudsman.€In€keeping€with€the€CommitteeððsÐ ,| Ðrecommendations,€the€Office€of€the€Ombudsman€has€taken€steps€to€strengthen€its€operations;€however,€itÐ &v Ðhas€not€received€complaints€and€does€not€have€information€on€proceedings€or€reports€regarding€torture€andÐ  p Ðill„treatment€of€women.€Notwithstanding,€the€Department€for€the€Protection€of€the€Rights€of€Women,Ð j ÐChildren€and€Adolescents€affirms€that€it€has€taken€the€necessary€corrective€measures€and€has€the€capacityÐ d Ðto€intervene€adequately€if€cases€are€submitted€for€its€consideration.òòò ò3ó óóóÐ ^ ÐÌ10.à  àWith€respect€to€the€issue€of€sexual€minorities,€it€should€be€noted€that€article€516,€paragraph1,€ofÐ !R Ðthe€Criminal€Code,€which€criminalized€homosexuality,€was€declared€unconstitutional€by€Constitutional€CourtÐ ü!L Ðdecision€No.€106„1„97€of€January€1997,€published€in€òòOfficial€Gazetteóó€under€No.€203„S€on€27€NovemberÐ ö"F Ð1997.€Consequently,€the€allegations€submittedto€the€Committee€represent€isolated,€not€widespread,Ð ð#@  Ðinstances.€Specific€cases€must€beinvestigated€and€punished;€this€requires€filing€a€complaint€through€the€usualÐ ê$: ! Ðchannels.€The€number€of€complaints€expected€has€not€materialized,€possibly€owing€to€the€reticence€ofÐ ä%4!" Ðvictims,€many€of€whom€have€not€openly€expressed€their€sexual€orientation.€This€attitude€on€the€part€ofÐ Þ&."# Ðvictims€is€linked€to€Ecuadorððs€traditionalistic€and€conservative€culture,€which€requires€a€process€of€gradualÐ Ø'(#$ Ðchange.Ð Ò("$% ÐÌ11.à  àEcuador€nevertheless€recognizes€the€need€to€increase€awareness€of€the€right€to€freedom€of€sexualÐ Æ*&' Ðorientation,€which€is€laid€down€in€its€Constitution.€This€process€has€already€been€initiated€as€part€of€theÐ À+'( ÐOperational€Plan€on€Sexual€Diversity,€which€was€included€in€Ecuadorððs€National€Human€Rights€Plan,Ð º, () Ðadopted€in€2003.Ð ´-)* Ї12.à  àWith€respect€to€the€indigenous€population,€the€Ecuadorian€Constitution€safeguards€the€individualÐ ° Ðand€collective€rights€of€indigenous€and€Afro„Ecuadorian€peoples€throughout€its€territory€in€accordance€withÐ ªú ÐILO€Convention€No.€169€concerning€Indigenous€and€Tribal€Peoples€in€Independent€Countries,€to€whichÐ ¤ô ÐEcuador€is€a€party,€and€other€related€instruments,€such€as€the€United€Nations€Declaration€on€the€Rights€ofÐ žî ÐIndigenous€Peoples,€which€was€adopted€by€the€Human€Rights€Council€in€June€2006.Ð ˜è ÐÌ13.à  àBased€on€statistics€provided€by€the€National€Judiciary€Council,€to€date€no€complaints€of€torture€orÐ Œ Ü Ðill„treatment€have€been€filed€by€indigenous€communities.€Certain€excesses€may€occasionally€be€committedÐ † Ö Ðby€the€police€in€their€efforts€to€disperse€public€demonstrations,€particularly€when€acts€of€vandalism€or€groupÐ € Ð Ðviolence€are€involved.€In€order€to€address€this€situation,€in€2003€the€National€Police€developed€a€specificÐ z Ê  Ðprogramme€for€handling€public€demonstrations€and€human€rights,€which€is€taught€at€all€levels€of€the€policeÐ tÄ  Ðforce,€pursuant€to€an€agreement€with€the€International€Committee€of€the€Red€Cross€(ICRC)€and€severalÐ n¾  ÐState€bodies.Ð h¸  ÐÌ14.à  àThe€Department€for€the€Protection€of€the€Rights€of€Indigenous€Peoples,€which€is€attached€to€theÐ \¬  ÐOffice€of€the€Ombudsman,€states€that,€despite€efforts€to€raise€awareness€of€the€services€it€offers,€sinceÐ V¦ ÐJanuary€2001€it€has€not€received€any€complaints€of€torture.€Nor€has€it€received€any€reports€of€torture€fromÐ P  Ðthe€40€members€comprising€the€Network€of€Indigenous€Human€Rights€Defenders,€who€maintain€relationsÐ Jš Ðwith€the€Department€or€coordinate€efforts€to€protect€the€rights€of€the€indigenous€peoples.Ð D” ÐÌ15.à  àThe€Department€for€the€Protection€of€the€Rights€of€Indigenous€Peoples€has€received€complaints€ofÐ 8ˆ Ðverbal€abuse,€particularly€in€educational€and€health€establishments€and€in€some€government€offices.€WhileÐ 2‚ Ðthe€rights€in€question€in€the€specific€cases€reported€have€been€restored,€it€has€still€not€been€possible€toÐ ,| Ðeliminate€the€ill„treatment€to€which€indigenous€persons€are€generally€subjected€as€a€result€of€racism.ò òòò4ó óóóÐ &v ÐÌ16.à  àWith€regard€to€the€Committeeððs€recommendation€that€Ecuador€ensure€that€those€responsible€areÐ j Ðbrought€to€trial,€we€understand€that€the€Committeeððs€concern€refers€to€the€fact€that€many€of€the€amicableÐ d Ðsettlements€coordinated€by€Ecuador€in€torture€cases€conclude€with€compensation€of€the€victims€and€thatÐ ^ Ðvery€little€is€done€to€investigate€and€prosecute€the€perpetrators€of€such€acts.€In€this€connection,€EcuadorÐ  X Ðwishes€to€inform€the€Committee€that,€although€the€constitutional€provision€establishing€the€right€of€the€StateÐ !R Ðto€recover€compensation€payments€from€the€civil€servants€whose€actions€gave€rise€to€such€payments€is€aÐ ü!L Ðprogressive€measure€that€other€States€would€do€well€to€imitate,€it€is€also€true€that€Ecuador€has€had€greatÐ ö"F Ðdifficulty€in€implementing€that€provision€and€has€not€been€able€to€do€much€to€improve€the€situation.€ThereÐ ð#@  Ðhave€been€a€number€of€practical€difficulties€to€which€no€solutions€have€yet€been€found.€In€some€cases,€onceÐ ê$: ! Ðvictims€have€received€monetary€compensation€and€the€violated€right€has€been€restored,€they€often€do€notÐ ä%4!" Ðcooperate€in€the€prosecution€of€their€cases;€for€example,€they€fail€to€attend€trial€proceedings,€therebyÐ Þ&."# Ðdelaying€them.òòò ò5ó óóó€Moreover,€the€length€of€time€required€to€prosecute€cases€before€the€Inter„American€CourtÐ Ø'(#$ Ðof€Human€Rights€makes€it€very€difficult€for€the€Prosecutorððs€Office€to€contact€witnesses€and€updateÐ Ò("$% Ðevidence.€Frequently,€delays€in€the€administration€of€justice€are€caused€by€the€failure€to€bring€defendantsÐ Ì)%& Ðbefore€criminal€courts€or€by€the€non„appearance€of€witnesses,€as€well€as€other€similar€problems,€includingÐ Æ*&' Ða€lack€of€coordination€among€the€various€bodies€involved.Ð À+'( ÐÌ17.à  àIt€should€be€noted€that€the€obligation€to€investigate€the€actions€of€persons€involved€in€acts€of€tortureÐ ´-)* Ðis€an€obligation€to€take€measures,€not€to€obtain€results.€The€State€is€therefore€making€every€effort€to€pursueÐ ° Ðthe€investigations,€but€it€cannot€ensure€the€results.€In€the€Tibi€case,€for€example,€the€State€submitted€threeÐ ªú Ðformal€requests€to€the€Public€Prosecutorððs€Office,€which€is€currently€investigating€the€complaint.€The€caseÐ ¤ô Ðis€in€the€pretrial€stage€of€preliminary€investigation,€which€is€confidential.€Ð žî ÐÌ18.à  àWith€regard€to€the€Committeeððs€request€that€Ecuador€build€up€and€strengthen€the€system€of€publicÐ ’ â Ðdefenders€to€protect€vulnerable€groups,€it€should€be€noted€that€Executive€Decree€No.€3546€of€17€JanuaryÐ Œ Ü Ð2003€established€the€Commission€for€the€Implementation€of€Criminal€Procedural€Reform.€This€CommissionÐ † Ö Ðis€composed€of€the€President€of€the€Supreme€Court,€the€Public€Prosecutor€General,€the€Director€of€theÐ € Ð ÐJudicial€Police,€the€Legal€Under„Secretary€of€the€Office€of€the€President,€the€Minister€of€the€Interior,€andÐ z Ê  Ðacting€as€ad€hoc€technical€secretariat,€the€Esquel€Group€Foundation.€The€Commission€sponsored€a€bill€onÐ tÄ  Ðpublic€defenders€and€submitted€it€to€the€Office€of€the€President€on€28€June€2004.€The€Office€of€theÐ n¾  ÐPresident€referred€the€bill€to€Congress,€where€it€is€currently€in€its€second€reading.Ð h¸  ÐÌ19.à  àThe€Esquel€Group€Foundation€has€organized€various€radio€and€television€campaigns€to€promoteÐ \¬  Ðthe€adoption€of€the€bill€on€public€defenders€and€has€provided€technical€advisory€services€to€members€ofÐ V¦ ÐCongress€in€order€to€inform€them€of€the€advantages€of€adopting€the€bill.òòò ò6ó óóóÐ P  ÐÌ20.à  àThis€bill€aims€to€correct€not€only€the€shortcomings€noted€by€the€Committee€against€Torture,€but€alsoÐ D” Ðthose€detected€following€the€second€evaluation€of€the€criminal€procedural€system€carried€out€in€2006€byÐ >Ž Ðthe€Justice€and€Society€Fund€of€the€Esquel€Group€Foundation.€This€has€demonstrated€the€imperative€needÐ 8ˆ Ðto€establish€an€autonomous€institution€with€its€own€budget€and€a€new€set€of€public€defenders,€that€is,€lawyersÐ 2‚ Ðrecruited€by€the€State€and€lawyers€from€civil€society€organizations€who€are€completely€independent€of€anyÐ ,| Ðother€body€or€State€function.€The€aim€is€to€provide€effective€counsel€to€anyone€who€cannot€afford€theÐ &v Ðservices€of€a€lawyer,€with€particular€emphasis€on€vulnerable€groups€in€order€to€ensure€that€no€one€is€leftÐ  p Ðdefenceless.Ð j ÐÌ21.à  àEcuador€hopes€that€the€bill€will€be€adopted€and€enter€into€force€no€later€than€the€first€quarter€ofÐ ^ Ð2007.Ð  X ÐÌ22.à  àAnother€positive€development€is€the€fact€that,€in€2007,€the€International€Rehabilitation€Council€forÐ ü!L ÐTorture€Victims,€which€is€based€in€Denmark,€the€Human€Rights€Foundation€of€Turkey,€REDRESS,€theÐ ö"F ÐWorld€Medical€Association,€Human€Rights€Watch€and€the€Foundation€for€Integral€Rehabilitation€of€VictimsÐ ð#@  Ðof€Violence,€together€with€governmental€and€non-governmental€human€rights€organizations€will€implementÐ ê$: ! Ðthe€Istanbul€Protocol.€This€includes€plans€to€train€50€independent€experts€in€forensic€medicine€andÐ ä%4!" Ðpsychiatry€and€to€train€psychologists€and€lawyers€to€document€cases€of€torture€in€order€to€bring€them€beforeÐ Þ&."# Ðnational€and€international€courts.€The€Istanbul€Protocol€will€serve€as€a€valuable€tool€for€ensuring€the€exerciseÐ Ø'(#$ Ðof€the€human€rights€that€protect€individuals€from€all€forms€of€torture.òòò ò7ó óóóÐ Ò("$% ÐÌòòParagraph€22óóÐ Æ*&' ÐÌ23.à  àWith€regard€to€the€Committeeððs€recommendation€that€Ecuador€should€improve€training€programmesÐ º, () Ðfor€judicial€personnel,€the€Public€Prosecutorððs€Office€and€police€and€prison€staff,€in€the€principles€and€rulesÐ ´-)* Ðfor€protection€of€human€rights€in€the€treatment€of€prisoners,€it€should€be€noted€that€such€training€was€begunÐ ° Ðin€November€2005,€prior€to€the€issuance€of€the€Committeeððs€conclusions€and€recommendations.Ð ªú ÐNevertheless,€in€keeping€with€the€Committeeððs€recommendations,€the€above„mentioned€institutions€haveÐ ¤ô Ðstrengthened€and€enhanced€training€programmes,€which€have€been€designed€by€experts€in€human€rights€andÐ žî Ðthe€treatment€of€prisoners,€with€the€advice€and€technical€and/or€economic€support€of€a€number€of€civilÐ ˜è Ðsociety€organizations.Ð ’ â ÐÌ24.à  àTraining€programmes€organized€by€the€Department€of€Social€Rehabilitation€have€been€held€forÐ † Ö Ðprison€guards€and€staff,€including€doctors,€psychiatrists€and€psychologists.€These€programmes€have€beenÐ € Ð Ðdesigned€pursuant€to€agreements€concluded€with€civil€society€and€have€had€the€support,€in€particular,€ofÐ z Ê  Ðthe€Foundation€for€Integral€Rehabilitation€of€Victims€of€Violence.€The€workshops€have€dealt€with€theÐ tÄ  Ðfollowing€themes:Ð n¾  ÐÌà  à(a)à ` àPrisons€and€the€comprehensive€rehabilitation€of€victims€of€violence€and€their€families;Ð b²  ÐÌà  à(b)à ` àConstitutional€rights,€due€process€in€prisons;Ð V¦ ÐÌà  à(c)à ` àRe„examination€of€the€role€of€prison€guards€and€the€human€rights€of€prisoners;€Ð Jš ÐÌà  à(d)à ` àTools€for€guaranteeing€respect€for€and€the€exercise€of€the€human€rights€of€detainees€in€socialÐ >Ž Ðrehabilitation€centres;Ð 8ˆ ÐÑ  ÑÌà  à(e)à ` àStandard€Minimum€Rules€for€the€Treatment€of€Prisoners€and€the€Body€of€Principles€for€theÐ ,| ÐProtection€of€All€Persons€under€Any€Form€of€Detention€or€Imprisonment;€Ð &v ÐÌà  à(f)à ` àHarmonization€of€medical€diagnostic€criteria€based€on€the€International€Classification€ofÐ j ÐDiseases,€tenth€revision;Ð d ÐÌà  à(g)à ` àClassification€and€codification€of€violence€and€torture,€intended€for€physicians;Ð  X ÐÑ  ÑÌà  à(h)à ` àTraining€in€forensic€traumatology;Ð ü!L ÐÌà  à(i)à ` àImplementation€of€the€health€information€system;€Ð ð#@  ÐÌà  à(j)à ` àHarmonization€of€criteria€based€on€the€Diagnostic€and€Statistical€Manual€of€MentalÐ ä%4!" ÐDisorders,€fourth€revision,€and€the€International€Classification€of€Diseases,€tenth€revision,€with€emphasis€onÐ Þ&."# Ðthe€category€of€post„traumatic€stress€and€the€psychological€disorders€related€to€violence€and€torture;Ð Ø'(#$ ÐÌà  à(k)à ` àTraining€in€the€identification€of€torture€victims.Ð Ì)%& ÐÌ25.à  àWith€regard€to€both€face„to„face€seminars€and€distance€learning,€the€aim€is€for€physicians,Ð À+'( Ðpsychologists,€social€workers€and€teachers€to€learn€to€use€national€and€international€instruments€thatÐ º, () Ðguarantee€the€rights€of€persons€deprived€of€their€liberty€and€to€acquire€greater€expertise€in€identifying€theÐ ´-)* Ðsigns€and€symptoms€of€torture.òòò ò8ó óóóÐ ° ÐÌ26.à  àTraining€has€also€been€strengthened€within€the€judicial€branch.€The€National€Judiciary€Council€hasÐ ¤ô Ðjoined€in€these€efforts€and€this€year€has€taken€steps€to€strengthen,€reorganize€and€promote€trainingÐ žî Ðprogrammes€for€judges€and€justice€officials.Ð ˜è ÐÌ27.à  àIn€addition,€between€1999€and€2003,€in€cooperation€with€the€Foundation€for€Integral€RehabilitationÐ Œ Ü Ðof€Victims€of€Violence€and€the€United€Nations€Latin€American€Institute€for€the€Prevention€of€Crime€andÐ † Ö Ðthe€Treatment€of€Offenders€in€Ecuador,€a€training€programme€was€held€for€supreme€court€judges,€criminalÐ € Ð Ðcourt€magistrates,€judges,€prosecutors€and€public€defenders.€Judges,€prosecutors,€and€attorneys€of€theÐ z Ê  Ðcourts€of€law€of€the€navy,€air€force,€army€and€police€also€participated.€The€training€had€as€its€themeÐ tÄ  Ðð ðConstitutional€safeguards€of€due€processðð.€The€programme€resulted€in€the€preparation€of€the€Manual€ofÐ n¾  ÐEcuadorian€Criminal€Procedure,€which€collates€the€Code€of€Criminal€Procedure€with€international€humanÐ h¸  Ðrights€standards,€including€the€Convention€against€Torture.€It€also€includes€rulings€of€the€Inter„AmericanÐ b²  ÐCourt€of€Human€Rights€and€jurisprudence€and€decisions€of€the€Supreme€Court€and€the€ConstitutionalÐ \¬  ÐCourt.€The€manual€was€distributed€in€2003€to€all€criminal€justice€personnel€in€the€country.Ð V¦ ÐÌ28.à  àSince€January€2005,€the€National€Police€has€carried€out€various€activities€aimed€at€trainingÐ Jš Ðprofessional€staff€in€the€principles€of€human€rights€applied€to€the€police€force.Ð D” ÐÌ29.à  àIn€the€first€quarter€of€2005,€in€coordination€with€the€Latin€American€Development€Corporation€andÐ 8ˆ Ðunder€the€auspices€of€the€British€Embassy,€training€was€provided€to€police€human€rights€instructors€underÐ 2‚ Ðan€agreement€with€ICRC€on€the€specific€topic€of€ð ðGuidelines€for€police€conduct€in€the€case€of€flagranteÐ ,| Ðdelicto,€detention€for€investigation,€arrest€and€detention€ordersðð.€In€the€first€half€of€2005,€in€coordinationÐ &v Ðwith€the€Department€of€Logistics€and€the€Department€of€Education,€34,000€pamphlets€were€distributedÐ  p Ðnationally,€together€with€a€summary€on€the€same€topic€and€a€card€containing,€on€the€front,€the€text€to€beÐ j Ðread€to€citizens€informing€them€of€their€rights€upon€their€arrest€and,€on€the€back,€the€text€to€be€read€whenÐ d Ðtaking€citizens€into€custody.€In€the€second€half€of€2005,€34,000€copies€of€the€same€instructions€were€issuedÐ ^ Ðusing€a€format€(cartoons)€that€was€easier€for€readers€to€understand,€to€which€was€attached€a€self„evaluationÐ  X Ðform€as€part€of€a€nationwide€survey.€The€instructors€who€have€been€trained€are€currently€discussing€thisÐ !R Ðsubject€in€a€course€entitled€ð ðPrinciples€of€human€rights€applied€to€the€police€forceðð,€which€has€been€givenÐ ü!L Ðfor€two€consecutive€years€in€police€training€academies€and€regimental€courses€at€the€national€level;€as€aÐ ö"F Ðresult,€some€8,000€new€career€policemen€have€been€trained.€In€2008,€with€the€support€of€NGOs,€the€Inter„Ð ð#@  ÐAmerican€Institute€of€Human€Rights€and€the€Office€of€the€Ombudsman,€training€will€be€provided€to€all€policeÐ ê$: ! Ðpersonnel€at€the€national€level.Ð ä%4!" ÐÌ30.à  àIn€2005,€an€institutional€education€project€entitled€ð ðMainstreaming€human€rights€principles€in€theÐ Ø'(#$ Ðcurricula€of€all€education,€training€and€specialization€facilities€in€the€police€education€system€and€policeÐ Ò("$% Ðtraining€academiesðð€was€carried€out;€the€project€later€served€as€the€basis€for€similar€training€for€the€PeruvianÐ Ì)%& ÐNational€Police.€The€project€involved€the€mainstreaming€of€the€core€principles€of€the€Convention€againstÐ Æ*&' ÐTorture€in€the€procedures€used€during€and€after€the€arrest€and€detention€of€citizens€who€committed€anÐ À+'( Ðoffence.Ð º, () ÐÐ ´-)* Ð31.à  àThe€course€content€of€the€ð ðPrinciples€of€human€rights€applied€to€the€police€forceðð€calls€for€repeatedÐ ° Ðinstruction€in€these€principles€in€chapters€4€to€16€of€the€ð ðServe€and€protectðð€manual€and€in€practical€classesÐ ªú Ðon€the€progressive€use€of€force€and€firearms,€arrest,€detention,€maintenance€of€law€and€order,€vulnerableÐ ¤ô Ðgroups,€and€so€forth.Ð žî ÐÌ32.à  àSince€2001,€the€School€of€Higher€Police€Studies€has€included€in€its€curriculum€a€module€on€policeÐ ’ â Ðprocedures€and€human€rights€as€part€of€a€pyramidal€sequence€of€human€rights€education€imparted€to€cadetsÐ Œ Ü Ðduring€their€first€two€years€of€training.€They€also€receive€theoretical€and€practical€instruction€in€the€topicsÐ † Ö Ðdescribed€in€the€foregoing€paragraph,€which€confirms€that€the€treatment€of€arrested€or€detained€citizens€isÐ € Ð Ða€recurrent€theme.Ð z Ê  ÐÌ33.à  àSince€2002,€with€the€cooperation€of€international€police€instructors,€training€has€been€provided€toÐ n¾  Ðstudents€of€the€National€Police€Headquarters€School€through€a€week„long€45„hour€seminar€dealingÐ h¸  Ðextensively€with€the€issue€in€question.Ð b²  ÐÌ34.à  àSince€2005,€continual€updates€and€changes€have€been€made€to€human€rights€modules€taught€at€allÐ V¦ Ðpolice€training€facilities,€such€as€the€Specialization€and€Advanced€Training€School,€the€National€PoliceÐ P  ÐTechnological€Institute€of€Higher€Studies€and€police€training€schools,€under€agreements€signed€by€the€policeÐ Jš Ðadministration€with€various€organizations€that€have€offered€to€cooperate€in€providing€human€rights€training,Ð D” Ðsuch€as€ICRC,€the€Latin€American€Development€Corporation,€the€Multidisciplinary€Studies€Centre,€theÐ >Ž ÐOffice€of€the€Ombudsman€and,€in€the€near€future,€the€Inter„American€Institute€of€Human€Rights.€AfterÐ 8ˆ Ðconducting€a€workshop€to€ascertain€what€human€rights€courses€were€being€taught,€the€Inter„AmericanÐ 2‚ ÐInstitute€observed€that€the€work€we€had€carried€out€to€date€could€serve€as€a€model€for€introducing€similarÐ ,| Ðprogrammes€in€other€police€forces€in€North,€Central€and€South€America.òòò ò9ó óóóÐ &v ÐÌÔ*¥ƒ=;8>‰d ûdÜ\RÜ\R: \R: ' \\' ?@°(#°(#¥ÔÔ,\RÔÔ,h\\ÔÔ+  ÔÐ 8.jj €€‚ ‚ƒnƒ„„……‹‹8ÐPolice€staff€trained€in€human€rightsÐ KA/$t" n   €€‚ ‚ƒnƒ‹‹KÐ10€courses€for€training€police€instructors€inÐ –æ Ðhuman€rights€(ICRC€agreement)€(trainers)Ð 'à ‹‹'Ð350€chiefs,€senior€officers,€non„commissionedÐ –æ Ðofficers€and€police€officers€at€the€national€levelÐ LB#à n   €€‚‚ƒnƒ„„……‹‹LÐNumber€of€police€staff€who€have€been€instructed€in€human€rights€as€part€of€their€curriculum,€adjustedÐ ø H Ðto€the€annual€programming€of€each€educational€facilityÐ KA/ò!B " n   €€‚ ‚ƒnƒ‹‹KÐFour€graduating€classes€of€the€NationalÐ d#´! ÐPolice€Headquarters€School€Ð '^$®" ‹‹'ÐApproximately€140€chiefs€Ð ?5#d#´# n   €€‚‚ƒnƒ‹‹?ÐFour€graduating€classes€of€the€specializationÐ Æ%!$ Ðand€advanced€training€school€Ð 'À&"% ‹‹'ÐApproximately€600€officersÐ ?5#Æ%!& n   €€‚‚ƒnƒ‹‹?ÐFive€graduating€classes€of€officers€of€theÐ ((x#' ÐSchool€of€Higher€Police€StudiesÐ '")r$( ‹‹'ÐApproximately€1,000€officers€Ð ?5#((x#) n   €€‚‚ƒnƒ‹‹?ÐTwo€graduating€classes€of€police€trainingÐ Š*Ú%* ÐschoolsÐ '„+Ô&+ ‹‹'ÐApproximately€8,000€police€officers€Ð ?5#Š*Ú%, n   €€‚‚ƒnƒ‹‹?ÐTwo€graduating€classes€of€the€NationalÐ ì,<(- ÐPolice€Technological€Institute€of€HigherÐ ° ÐStudiesÐ 'ªú ‹‹'ÐApproximately€280€chiefs,€senior€officers,Ð ì,<( Ðnon-commissioned€officers€and€police€officersÐ ?5#° n   €€‚‚ƒnƒ‹ ‹?Ѐ€€€€TotalÐ 'b  ‹ ‹'Ð10,370€chiefs,€senior€officers,€non-commissionedÐ b Ðofficers€and€police€officers€at€the€national€levelÐ3)' \ n     3ÐÌ35.à  àThe€Department€of€the€Judicial€Police€has€reported€that,€in€keeping€with€the€CommitteeððsÐ n ¾ Ðrecommendations,€it€decided,€in€a€telegram€sent€to€all€headquarters,€subheadquarters€and€units€throughoutÐ h ¸ ÐEcuador,€that,€beginning€in€2006,€for€three€consecutive€days€each€month,€the€provision€contained€in€theÐ b ² Ðfollowing€paragraph€should€be€read€aloud€to€all€staff€members.Ð \ ¬ ÐÌ36.à  àð ðThe€undersigned€hereby€reminds€you€of€your€obligation€to€respect€the€human€rights€of€all€detainees,Ð P   Ðregardless€of€their€origin€or€status,€by€applying€legal€procedures€and€avoiding€excesses€in€all€your€actions,Ð Jš  Ðbearing€in€mind€the€progressive€use€of€force,€and€that€force€is€to€be€used€only€in€order€to€protect€yourÐ D”  Ðphysical€integrity.€Consequently,€all€forms€of€torture€and€other€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatment€thatÐ >Ž  Ðdetract€from€the€image€of€the€National€Police€of€Ecuador€are€prohibited,€as€has€already€been€observed€byÐ 8ˆ Ðthe€Committee€against€Torture€during€its€consideration€of€Ecuadorððs€third€periodic€report€in€NovemberÐ 2‚ Ð2005.€This€means€that€the€level€of€confidence€and€professionalism€attained€by€our€institution€depends€onÐ ,| Ðyour€actions.€Any€failure€to€respect€this€provision€shall€be€punished.€All€chiefs€and€deputy€chiefs€shall€beÐ &v Ðliable€for€any€negligence€on€the€part€of€their€subordinates€in€implementing€this€provision.ððÐ  p ÐÌ37.à  àThe€Ministry€of€Defence€has€set€up€a€human€rights€section€for€the€purpose€of€centralizing€andÐ d Ðcoordinating€all€issues€relating€to€this€subject.€In€addition,€one€of€the€objectives€of€the€Ministerial€StrategicÐ ^ ÐPlan€2001„2010€includes€the€revision€and€updating€of€the€laws€and€regulations€of€the€armed€forces€in€orderÐ X Ðto€bring€them€into€line€with€national€and€international€human€rights€standards.Ð R ÐÌ38.à  àIn€2005€and€2006,€with€the€support€of€other€institutions€and€civil€society€organizations,€the€militaryÐ öF Ðestablishment€conducted€various€training€workshops€on€human€rights€and€international€humanitarian€law,Ð ð@ Ðincluding€those€described€below.Ð ê: ÐÌ39.à  àIn€March€2005,€the€Army€General€Inspectorate€and€ICRC,€together€with€national€and€internationalÐ Þ!. Ðinstructors,€held€a€seminar€entitled€ð ðHuman€rights€and€international€humanitarian€lawðð,€which€was€attendedÐ Ø"( Ðby€38€officers€and€10€civilian€employees€and€legal€advisers€attached€to€various€military€divisions€of€theÐ Ò#" Ðarmy.Ð Ì$  ÐÌ40.à  àThe€Office€of€the€Procurator„General€organized€the€first€international€seminar€on€human€rights€andÐ À&"" Ðthe€State,€which€was€attended€by€officers€from€various€divisions€of€the€army.Ð º' ## ÐÌ41.à  àThrough€its€regional€delegation€for€Peru,€the€International€Committee€of€the€Red€Cross€for€Bolivia,Ð ®)þ$% ÐEcuador€and€Peru€hosted€the€second€international€humanitarian€law€course€for€instructors€in€Lima€on€22Ð ¨*ø%& Ðand€23€September€2005,€which€was€attended€by€two€Ecuadorian€army€officers.Ð ¢+ò&' ÐÌ42.à  àThe€first€human€rights€and€international€humanitarian€law€course€was€given€by€high„level€foreignÐ –-æ() Ðinstructors€at€the€Army€Training€School€in€Ambato.€It€was€attended€by€37€trainees,€including€army€officersÐ ° Ðand€volunteers.Ð ªú ÐÌ43.à  àThe€military€personnel€of€the€various€units€trained€in€human€rights€and€international€humanitarian€lawÐ žî Ðare€responsible€for€transmitting€what€they€have€learned€to€their€respective€units.òòò ò10ó óóóÐ ˜è ÐÌ44.à  àIn€addition,€the€Ministry€of€Defence€has€prepared€instructions€for€the€operation€of€the€human€rightsÐ Œ Ü Ðsection€and€instructions€on€international€humanitarian€law,€and€has€incorporated€the€subject€of€human€rightsÐ † Ö Ðand€international€humanitarian€law€in€the€curricula€of€training€and€advanced€training€institutes€for€officers€andÐ € Ð Ðvolunteers.Ð z Ê  ÐÌ45.à  àThe€Ministry€of€Defence€has€evaluated€the€training€programmes€conducted€and€has€noted€oneÐ n¾  Ðpositive€result,€namely€that€there€has€been€a€reduction€in€the€number€of€cases€of€physical€and€psychologicalÐ h¸  Ðill„treatment€of€conscripts,€soldiers€and€civilian€personnel.Ð b²  ÐÌ46.à  àWith€respect€to€the€Committeeððs€recommendation€that€Ecuador€approve€and€rapidly€put€into€effectÐ V¦ Ðthe€national€human€rights€plan€for€the€armed€forces,€Ecuador€wishes€to€inform€the€Committee€that€theÐ P  ÐMinistry€of€Defence,€in€conjunction€with€the€Joint€Command€of€the€Armed€Forces€and€the€army,€navy€andÐ Jš Ðair€force,€has€scheduled€a€meeting,€to€be€held€sometime€after€23October€2007,€to€discuss€the€draft€nationalÐ D” Ðhuman€rights€plan€for€the€armed€forces€with€a€view€to€approving€and€implementing€it€no€later€than€1Ð >Ž ÐDecember€2007.Ð 8ˆ ÐÌ47.à  àRegarding€the€Committeeððs€recommendation€that€Ecuador€set€up€an€inter„agency€committee€toÐ ,| Ðdraw€up€and€implement€training€programmes€in€human€rights€and€the€treatment€of€prisoners€„€a€provisionÐ &v Ðthat€was€also€mentioned€in€the€judgement€handed€down€in€the€Tibiòò€óócase„€the€Office€of€the€Procurator„Ð  p ÐGeneral,€reaffirming€its€intention€to€fulfil€Ecuadorððs€international€obligations,€is€currently€holding€discussionsÐ j Ðwith€the€human€rights€clinic€of€the€Pontificia€Catholic€University€of€Ecuador€concerning€an€existing€plan€toÐ d Ðset€up€an€inter„agency€committee€to€prepare€and€implement€training€programmes€in€human€rights€and€theÐ ^ Ðtreatment€of€prisoners.Ð  X ÐÌ48.à  àThe€purposes€of€the€inter„agency€committee€will€be€to€draw€up,€implement€and€evaluate€educationÐ ü!L Ðand€training€programmes€in€human€rights€and€the€treatment€of€prisoners.€The€committee€will€be€chaired€byÐ ö"F Ðthe€Procurator„General€or€his€or€her€permanent€representative€and€will€hold€monthly€meetings€for€theÐ ð#@  Ðpurposes€mentioned€at€the€beginning€of€this€paragraph.Ð ê$: ! ÐÌ49.à  àThe€recipients€of€the€training€programmes€will€be€the€judicial€personnel€of€the€Public€ProsecutorððsÐ Þ&."# ÐOffice,€police€and€prison€staff,€including€medical,€psychiatric€and€psychological€personnel.€The€content€ofÐ Ø'(#$ Ðsuch€programmes€will€include,€inter€alia,€principles€and€norms€for€the€protection€of€human€rights,€relatingÐ Ò("$% Ðto€the€detention€of€individuals,€their€rights€and€judicial€safeguards,€the€treatment€of€detainees,€detentionÐ Ì)%& Ðconditions,€visits€and€so€forth.Ð Æ*&' ÐÌ50.à  àLastly,€for€the€purposes€of€follow„up€and€evaluation,€the€inter„agency€committee€will€submit€aÐ º, () Ðreport€to€the€highest€authorities€of€the€institutions€comprising€the€committee.€The€Public€Prosecutorððs€OfficeÐ ´-)* Ðwill€subsequently€transmit€the€report€to€the€Inter„American€Court€of€Human€Rights.òòò ò11ó óóóÐ ° ÐÌ51.à  àTaking€these€criteria€into€account,€the€committee€will€be€required€to€adopt€its€own€rules€ofÐ ¤ô Ðprocedure€and€ensure€that€it€fully€meets€its€obligations€under€article€30€of€the€National€Human€Rights€Plan,Ð žî Ðwhich€establishes€that€it€should€ð ðdesign€and€implement€a€prison€policy€that€treats€detainees€as€the€subjectsÐ ˜è Ðof€rights,€providing€the€services€they€need€to€develop€their€potential€in€decent€living€conditions€and€makingÐ ’ â Ðoptimum€use€of€available€resources€in€order€to€ensure€respect€for€their€rights€and€the€development€ofÐ Œ Ü Ðappropriate€systems€of€social€rehabilitation€and€reintegrationðð.Ð † Ö ÐÌòòParagraph€24óóÐ z Ê  ÐÌ52.à  àWith€regard€to€the€Committeeððs€recommendation€that€Ecuador€adopt€effective€measures,€includingÐ n¾  Ðapproval€of€the€budgetary€funds€needed€to€improve€physical€conditions€in€detention€centres,€reduce€theÐ h¸  Ðcurrent€overcrowding€and€properly€meet€the€fundamental€needs€of€all€those€deprived€of€their€liberty,Ð b²  ÐEcuador€wishes€to€point€out€that,€until€2004,€the€budget€of€the€social€rehabilitation€centres€was€funded€byÐ \¬  Ðbounced„check€fines€and€legal€fines.€However,€following€the€presentation€of€a€bill€on€the€enforcement€ofÐ V¦ Ðsentences,€a€budget€item€corresponding€to€the€Department€of€Social€Rehabilitation€was€included€in€theÐ P  ÐStateððs€general€budget.€According€to€information€provided€by€the€Ministry€of€Finance,€the€budget€of€theÐ Jš ÐBoard€and€the€Department€of€Social€Rehabilitation€for€fiscal€year€2006€amounts€to€US$€31,345,500.Ð D” ÐAlthough€this€amount€remains€insufficient,€the€creation€of€the€budget€item€and€the€amount€of€its€fundingÐ >Ž Ðdemonstrate€that€the€Government€of€Ecuador€attaches€importance€to€the€allocation€of€resources€forÐ 8ˆ Ðimproving€the€operation€of€the€countryððs€rehabilitation€centres.òòò ò12ó óóóÐ 2‚ ÐÌ53.à  àOwing€to€the€state€of€emergency€declared€in€March€2006,€the€Department€of€Social€RehabilitationÐ &v Ðreceived€additional€resources€that€will€be€spent€on€reducing€overcrowding€and€improving€the€materialÐ  p Ðconditions€of€rehabilitation€centres.Ð j ÐÌ54.à  àEcuador€does€not€have€sufficient€resources€to€provide€for€the€significant€budget€increases€that€thisÐ ^ Ðinstitution€requires€and€would€appreciate€any€support€that€the€international€community€might€wish€to€provideÐ  X Ðthrough€the€intermediary€of€the€Committee€against€Torture.Ð !R ÐÌ55.à  àDespite€the€aforementioned€budgetary€constraints,€in€2003€the€Santo€Domingo€de€los€ColoradosÐ ö"F Ðprison€complex€was€opened.€It€consists€of€a€medium€security€facility€with€a€holding€capacity€of€320€inmates.Ð ð#@  ÐThe€complex€has€workshops€and€other€facilities€designed€to€accommodate€inmates€and€provides€for€fullÐ ê$: ! Ðon„site€rehabilitation,€thereby€partly€reducing€overcrowding.€Moreover,€consideration€has€been€given€toÐ ä%4!" Ðthe€construction€of€facilities€for€40inmates,€the€capacity€of€which€would€be€increased€depending€on€theÐ Þ&."# Ðphysical€space€and€availability€of€land€in€the€countryððs€social€rehabilitation€centres.€Noteworthy€among€theseÐ Ø'(#$ Ðnewly€constructed€facilities€are€the€social€rehabilitation€centres€of€Baha€de€Carquez,€Quevedo,€GuayaquilÐ Ò("$% Ðand€Esmeraldas.€These€facilities€consist€of€four€communal€cells,€each€of€which€holds€10€inmates€and€hasÐ Ì)%& Ðits€own€sanitation€facilities€and€security€area.€What€is€important€is€that€these€facilities€are€extremely€versatile,Ð Æ*&' Ðand€can€be€expanded€both€horizontally€and€vertically.Ð À+'( ÐÌ56.à  àWork€is€being€completed€on€the€Archidona€social€rehabilitation€centre€in€order€to€prevent€inmatesÐ ´-)* Ðfrom€coming€into€contact€with€the€local€municipal€slaughterhouse,€which€creates€a€very€inconvenient€andÐ ° Ðunhealthy€environment€for€detainees.Ð ªú ÐÌ57.à  àSome€centres€have€undergone€a€veritable€transformation.€These€include€the€social€rehabilitationÐ žî Ðcentres€for€women€in€Esmeraldas€and€Guayaquil€and€the€social€rehabilitation€centre€in€Baha€de€Carquez,Ð ˜è Ðwhich€has€been€entirely€rebuilt.Ð ’ â ÐÌ58.à  àAs€a€result€of€the€state€of€emergency€in€prison€centres€that€was€declared€in€March€2006,Ð † Ö Ðconsideration€is€being€given€to€the€construction€of€new€housing€facilities€and€to€the€installation€of€newÐ € Ð Ðelectrical€and€plumbing€systems.€There€are€plans€for€the€construction€of€a€maximum€security€facility€in€SantoÐ z Ê  ÐDomingo€de€los€Colorados.€The€municipality€of€Quito€has€earmarked€resources€for€the€construction€of€aÐ tÄ  Ðmedium€security€facility€in€Quito.€It€has€also€provided€for€theconstruction€of€two€provisional€rehabilitationÐ n¾  Ðcentres€in€Quito,€with€facilities€capable€of€housing€150€inmates€each.òòò ò13ó óóóÐ h¸  ÐÌ59.à  àThe€Ministry€of€the€Interior€has€a€fund€of€approximately€US$€8€million€for€the€aforementionedÐ \¬  Ðconstruction€project,€and€the€Quito€Chamber€of€Commerce,€the€Public€Safety€Corporation€of€theÐ V¦ ÐMunicipality€of€Quito€and€the€Quito€Cultural€Heritage€Rescue€Fund€will€alsocontribute€funds€for€thisÐ P  Ðpurpose.€Their€respective€contributions€will€be€in€the€amounts€of€US$1million,€1€million€and€2€million,€orÐ Jš Ða€total€of€US$€4€million.€Even€though€this€project€is€about€to€be€approved,€several€officials€from€the€PublicÐ D” ÐSafety€Corporation€of€the€Municipality€of€Quito€have€visited€rehabilitation€centres€in€Bogot,€Colombia,Ð >Ž Ðin€an€effort€to€adapt€the€successful€model€used€in€Bogot€to€the€situation€in€Ecuador.€The€implementationÐ 8ˆ Ðof€this€project€is€expected€to€reduce€prison€overcrowding€and€improve€the€provision€of€basic€servicesÐ 2‚ Ðthrough€private€suppliers.òòò ò14ó óóóÐ ,| ÐÌ60.à  àWith€respect€to€the€overcrowding€experienced€by€convicted€persons€in€rehabilitation€centres,€theÐ  p Ðamendment€to€the€Code€of€Criminal€Procedure€that€introduced€the€measure€of€òòdetencið;ðn€en€firmeóó€had€theÐ j Ðeffect€of€increasing€overcrowding;€this€occurred€at€the€beginning€of2003.€However,€the€ConstitutionalÐ d ÐCourt€decision€declaring€the€judicial€remedy€of€òòdetencið;ðn€en€firmeóó€and€the€articles€of€the€Code€of€CriminalÐ ^ ÐProcedure€governing€this€remedy€to€be€unconstitutional€was€published€in€òòOfficial€Gazette€óóNo.€382€of€23Ð  X ÐOctober€2006.€As€a€result,€it€is€estimated€that€some€2,200€detainees€will€be€released,€which€will€reduceÐ !R Ðovercrowding.Ð ü!L ÐÌ61.à  àMoreover,€the€sectoral€subcommission€on€human€rights€in€prisons€has€begun€implementing€theÐ ð#@  Ðpolicy€aimed€at€reducing€prison€overcrowding€through€the€conclusion€of€bilateral€agreements€providing€thatÐ ê$: ! Ðforeigners€should€serve€their€sentences€in€their€countries€of€origin.€Since€July2005,€Ecuador€has€been€aÐ ä%4!" Ðparty€to€the€Strasbourg€Convention€on€the€Transfer€of€Sentenced€Persons€and€has€signed€bilateralÐ Þ&."# Ðagreements€with€El€Salvador,€the€Dominican€Republic,€Spain,€Peru€and€Colombia,€and€hopes€to€sign€10Ð Ø'(#$ Ðmore€agreements€for€the€transfer€of€foreigners€to€their€countries€of€origin.Ð Ò("$% ÐÌ62.à  àWith€regard€to€the€Committeeððs€recommendation€that€Ecuador€guarantee€the€presence€of€medicalÐ Æ*&' Ðpersonnel€to€carry€out€periodic€examinations€of€prisoners,€we€wish€to€report€that,€beginning€in€July€2004,Ð À+'( Ðwith€the€support€of€the€Ministry€of€Public€Health,€work€began€on€a€project€to€prevent€HIV/AIDS€andÐ º, () Ðsexually€transmitted€diseases€(STDs);€the€project€had€been€included€as€a€subproject€of€the€macroprojectÐ ´-)* Ðpresented€by€the€Ministry€of€Public€Health€to€the€Global€Fund€to€Fight€HIV/AIDS,€Tuberculosis€andÐ ° ÐMalaria.Ð ªú ÐÌ63.à  àIn€March€2005,€an€agreement€to€implement€the€HIV/AIDS/STD€Prevention€Project€for€personsÐ žî Ðdeprived€of€their€liberty€was€signed€for€an€initial€two„year€period.€The€agreement€entered€into€force€inÐ ˜è ÐOctober€2005€with€the€first€transfer€of€resources€by€the€Ministry€of€Health€to€the€Department€of€SocialÐ ’ â ÐRehabilitation.€Since€then,€measures€have€been€taken€to€provide€information€on€a€nationwide€basis€toÐ Œ Ü Ðpersons€deprived€of€their€liberty,€and€the€results€of€these€measures€have€been€evaluated€on€a€quarterlyÐ † Ö Ðbasis.Ð € Ð ÐÌ64.à  àCurrently,€some€6,000€persons€deprived€of€their€liberty€are€benefiting€from€the€implementation€ofÐ tÄ  Ðthe€HIV/AIDS/STD€Prevention€Project.€Negotiations€are€under€way€with€the€Global€Fund€for€implementingÐ n¾  Ðthe€second€phase€of€the€project.Ð h¸  ÐÌ65.à  àAt€the€same€time,€efforts€have€continued€on€the€Tuberculosis€Prevention€Project,€which€the€MinistryÐ \¬  Ðof€Health€has€been€implementing€among€high„risk€groups€throughout€the€country.òòò ò15ó óóóÐ V¦ ÐÌ66.à  àWith€regard€to€the€work€of€the€sectoral€subcommission€on€human€rights€in€prisons,€whichwasÐ Jš Ðestablished€as€part€of€the€National€Human€Rights€Plan,€it€should€be€noted€that,€in€January€2006,€theÐ D” Ðsubcommission€adopted€and€officially€presented€important€documents€on€the€subject€of€torture.€TheseÐ >Ž Ðincluded€the€manuals€entitled€ð ðDue€process€in€prisonsðð€and€ð ðTraining€for€teams€of€professionals€in€detentionÐ 8ˆ Ðand€social€rehabilitation€centres€in€Ecuadorðð€and€the€pamphlets€entitled€ð ðRights€are€for€everyoneðð€andÐ 2‚ Ðð ðGuidelines€for€prison€visitsðð.€The€main€objective€of€these€publications€is€to€prevent€and€eliminate€tortureÐ ,| Ðand€violations€of€the€human€rights€of€persons€deprived€of€their€liberty€in€Ecuadorððs€pretrial€detention€andÐ &v Ðsocial€rehabilitation€centres.€The€manuals€and€pamphlets€have€been€prepared€with€the€participation€of€theÐ  p ÐNational€Social€Rehabilitation€Board,€the€Department€of€Social€Rehabilitation,€the€Foundation€for€IntegralÐ j ÐRehabilitation€of€Victims€of€Violence,€the€Criminology€Institute€of€the€Central€University€of€Ecuador,€theÐ d ÐUnited€Nations€Latin€American€Institute€for€the€Prevention€of€Crime€and€the€Treatment€of€Offenders,€theÐ ^ Ðtechnical€support€of€the€Danish€International€Rehabilitation€Council€for€Torture€Victims€and€the€financialÐ  X Ðsupport€of€the€Danish€International€Development€Agency.Ð !R ÐÌ67.à  àThis€information€has€been€disseminated€through€training€workshops€held€by€the€sectoralÐ ö"F Ðsubcommission€on€human€rights€in€prisons.€Workshops€were€held€in€Macas€in€July€2006,€in€Quito€in€AugustÐ ð#@  Ð2006€and€in€Riobamba€in€September€2006.€They€were€attended€primarily€by€local€authorities€working€inÐ ê$: ! Ðareas€involving€the€treatment€of€prisoners€and€by€persons€working€in€human€rights€and€local€civil€societyÐ ä%4!" Ðorganizations.€Training€materials€were€sent€out€to€the€provinces€of€Orellana€and€Tungurahua,€and€there€areÐ Þ&."# Ðplans€to€carry€out€similar€activities€in€other€provinces€of€Ecuador€up€to€December€2007.€Moreover,€a€newÐ Ø'(#$ Ðprinting€of€the€texts€mentioned€in€the€previous€paragraph€has€been€scheduled.Ð Ò("$% ÐÌ68.à  àThe€sectoral€subcommission€has€worked€continuously€with€the€Inmate€Committee€in€order€toÐ Æ*&' Ðstrengthen€the€latterððs€efforts€to€promote€legal€reforms€that€would€introduce€a€system€to€reduce€sentencesÐ À+'( Ðin€Ecuador,€and€has€participated€in€the€reform€process€with€the€National€Social€Rehabilitation€Board.€TheÐ º, () Ðsectoral€subcommission€has€also€cooperated€with€the€Inmate€Committee€in€organizing€a€training€day€underÐ ´-)* Ðthe€auspices€of€the€Central€University€of€Ecuador.€The€training€day,€entitled€ð ðLegal€and€administrativeÐ ° Ðreform€of€the€prison€systemðð,€was€held€in€June€2006.òòò ò16ó óóóÐ ªú ÐÌ69.à  àWe€wish€to€inform€the€Committee€against€Torture€that€the€manual€entitled€ð ðDue€process€in€prisonsððÐ žî Ðcontains,€inter€alia,€the€sanctions€prescribed€by€the€Criminal€Code€for€persons€who€fail€to€comply€with€theÐ ˜è Ðlegal€provisions€established€by€national€and€international€standards€and€who€violate€the€rights€of€personsÐ ’ â Ðdeprived€of€their€liberty.Ð Œ Ü ÐÌ70.à  àThe€manual€entitled€ð ðTraining€for€teams€of€professionals€in€detention€and€social€rehabilitation€centresÐ € Ð Ðin€Ecuadorðð€is€designed€to€train€teams€of€professionals€(doctors,€psychologists,€social€workers,€teachers)Ð z Ê  Ðor€prison€service€staff€to€provide€diagnosis€and€treatment€in€detention€and€social€rehabilitation€centres.€TheÐ tÄ  Ðmanual€is€a€guide€for€carrying€out€technical€procedures€when€the€dignity€or€human€rights€of€personsÐ n¾  Ðdeprived€of€their€liberty€are€violated.€The€objective€of€the€manual€is€to€make€human€rights€the€cross„cuttingÐ h¸  Ðtheme€of€prison€assistance€and€treatment€by€placing€violence€and€torture€in€a€historical€context€andÐ b²  Ðportraying€them€as€crimes€against€humanity€punishable€under€national€and€international€law,€and€drawingÐ \¬  Ðattention€to€the€fact€that€such€practices€persist€in€Ecuador€despite€efforts€to€eliminate€them.€The€manual€isÐ V¦ Ðalso€intended€to€help€individuals€to€deal€with€the€pain€and€trauma€caused€by€acts€of€torture€and€to€addressÐ P  Ðthe€obligation€of€prison€service€professionals€at€all€levels€to€be€vigilant€and€prevent€such€acts.Ð Jš ÐÌ71.à  àThe€pamphlets€entitled€ð ðRights€are€for€everyoneðð€and€ð ðGuidelines€for€prison€visitsðð€are€intended€forÐ >Ž Ðcustodial€staff.€€They€are€both€valuable€tools€for€preventing€torture€and€human€rights€violations,€documentingÐ 8ˆ Ðprisonersðð€living€conditions,€improving€and€providing€decent€conditions€of€detention,€in€addition€toÐ 2‚ Ðstrengthening€social€reintegration€and€reducing€institutional€and€social€violence.Ð ,| ÐÌòòParagraph€25óóÐ  p ÐÌ72.à  àWith€regard€to€the€Committeeððs€recommendation€that€Ecuador€ensure€that€the€ordinary€courts€fullyÐ d Ðexercise€their€competence,€in€keeping€with€its€international€obligations€and€the€terms€of€transitional€provisionÐ ^ ÐNo.€26€of€the€Constitution,€so€as€to€ensure€the€full€independence€of€the€judiciary,€Ecuador€wishes€to€reportÐ  X Ðthat€its€constitutional€and€legal€norms€recognize€the€existence€of€special€courts,€both€by€virtue€of€the€statusÐ !R Ðof€certain€authorities€and€civil€servants€and€by€virtue€of€membership€in€the€armed€forces€and€the€NationalÐ ü!L ÐPolice.€The€jurisdiction€of€such€courts€is€regulated€by€law€and€is€restricted€to€offences€committed€in€theÐ ö"F Ðperformance€of€specific€duties.Ð ð#@  ÐÌ73.à  àIn€its€decisions,€the€Supreme€Court€has€ensured€strict€compliance€with€the€prescribed€proceduralÐ ä%4!" Ðprinciples.€Military€and€police€courts€may€not€try€ordinary€offences,€that€is,€offences€other€than€thoseÐ Þ&."# Ðcommitted€in€the€performance€of€specific€duties.òòò ò17ó óóóÐ Ø'(#$ ÐÌ74.à  àNotwithstanding€what€has€been€stated€in€the€foregoing€paragraphs,€the€National€Judiciary€CouncilÐ Ì)%& Ðhas€submitted€a€bill€to€Congress€with€a€view€to€facilitating€compliance€with€transitional€provision€No.€26Ð Æ*&' Ðof€the€Constitution,€which€stipulates€that€ð ðall€magistrates€and€judges€under€the€executive€branch€shall€beÐ À+'( Ðtransferred€to€the€judiciary,€and,€unless€otherwise€provided€for€by€law,€shall€be€subject€to€their€ownÐ º, () Ðorganization€actsðð;€this€provision€includes€military€and€police€judges.€The€bill€has€not€yet€been€considered.Ð ´-)* Ї75.à  àIn€accordance€with€the€provisions€of€the€Constitution,€article€110€of€the€Police€Act€stipulates,€withÐ ° Ðregard€to€the€police€court,€that€ð ðthe€jurisdiction€of€the€court€for€members€of€the€National€Police€applies€onlyÐ ªú Ðto€offences€that€they€commit€in€the€exercise€of€their€specific€duties€as€members€of€that€institutionðð.€It€followsÐ ¤ô Ðthat€the€competence€of€the€police€justice€system€is€restricted€exclusively€to€offences€committed€in€theÐ žî Ðperformance€of€police€duties;€offences€that€fall€outside€this€area€are€matters€for€the€ordinary€courts.Ð ˜è ÐÌ76.à  àIt€is€important€to€point€out€that€the€police€courts€and€tribunals€maintain€independence€from€theÐ Œ Ü ÐNational€Police€Command;€thus,€their€decisions€are€independent€and€not€subject€to€any€interference,€as€isÐ † Ö Ðthe€case€in€the€ordinary€justice€system.Ð € Ð ÐÌ77.à  àThe€National€Police€agrees€with€the€concept€of€jurisdictional€unity€and€believes€that€the€system€ofÐ tÄ  Ðpolice€justice€should€be€incorporated€into€the€judiciary.€It€requests€that€judges€have€specialized€training€inÐ n¾  Ðpolice€matters€and€should€bear€in€mind€the€special€techniques€and€methods€used€by€those€subject€to€theirÐ h¸  Ðjurisdiction.òòò ò18ó óóóÐ b²  ÐÌ78.à  àWith€respect€to€the€existence€of€military€courts,€the€Ministry€of€Defence€has€submitted€to€CongressÐ V¦ Ða€bill€on€the€armed€forces€that€is€in€keeping€with€the€1998€Constitution,€whose€transitional€provision€No.Ð P  Ð26€establishes€jurisdictional€unity.€Moreover,€they€have€participated€actively€with€representatives€of€theÐ Jš ÐSupreme€Court€and€Congressòòò ò19ó óóó€in€drafting€a€bill€on€the€Judiciary€Organization€Act.€The€bill,€which€amendsÐ D” Ðthe€Judiciary€Organization€Act,€provides€for€a€review€of€Ecuadorððs€domestic€legislation€in€order€to€bringÐ >Ž Ðit€into€line€with€the€Committeeððs€recommendations€on€the€question€of€jurisdictional€unity.€The€congressionalÐ 8ˆ ÐCivil€and€Criminal€Law€Committee€is€currently€considering€the€bill,€and€it€is€hoped€that€its€report€will€beÐ 2‚ Ðpositive.òòò ò20ó óóóÐ ,| ÐÌ79.à  àEcuador€is€attempting€to€correct€the€shortcomings€noted€by€the€Committee€against€Torture€byÐ  p Ðensuring€that€the€ordinary€courts€exercise€jurisdiction€in€these€matters.€For€example,€in€the€case€of€SecondÐ j ÐLieutenant€Robles€Eras,€who€was€tortured€and€murdered€during€the€celebration€of€his€promotion€to€secondÐ d Ðlieutenant,€the€amicable€settlement€reached€on€10€October€2006€envisages,€as€one€means€of€reparation,Ð ^ Ðthe€submission€of€a€formal€request€that€the€persons€who€were€already€found€guilty€of€violating€the€right€toÐ  X Ðlife€under€military€jurisdiction€be€tried€in€the€ordinary€courts€for€violation€of€the€right€to€personal€integrity.Ð !R ÐThis€has€been€done,€and€it€is€hoped€that€this€will€set€a€precedent.Ð ü!L ÐÌ____________________Ð ð#@  ÐòòNotesóó:Ð ê$: ! ÐÌ*€€In€accordance€with€the€information€transmitted€to€the€States€parties€regarding€the€processing€of€theirÐ Þ&."# Ðreports,€the€present€document€was€not€formally€edited€before€being€sent€to€the€United€Nations€translationÐ Ø'(#$ Ðservices.Ð Ò("$% ÐÌòò1/óó€€€Information€provided€by€Cecilia€Armas,€State€Public€Prosecutor,€in€official€letter€No.€8418,€dated€30Ð Æ*&' ÐOctober€2006.Ð À+'( ÐÌòò2/óó€€€Pursuant€to€the€Domestic€Violence€and€Violence€against€Women€Act,€the€Commissioners€for€WomenÐ ´-)* Ðand€the€Family€receive€and€effectively€investigate€complaints€of€domestic€violence;€they€order€and€processÐ ° Ðprotection€measures;€they€order€preliminary€procedures€relating€to€forensic,€gynaecological€and/orÐ ªú Ðproctological€examinations;€they€order€measures€to€prevent€offences€involving€domestic€violence;€theyÐ ¤ô Ðpunish€minor€offences;€and€they€refer€cases€to€the€ordinary€courts€for€prosecution€and,€if€offences€have€beenÐ žî Ðcommitted,€punishment.Ð ˜è ÐÌòò3/óó€€€Information€provided€by€Rosario€Utreras,€National€Director€of€the€Department€for€the€Protection€ofÐ Œ Ü Ðthe€Rights€of€Women,€Children€and€Adolescents,€Office€of€the€Ombudsman,€in€memorandum€No.Ð † Ö ÐDNDDMNA€189-2006-AA,€dated€16€October€2006.Ð € Ð ÐÌòò4/óó€€€Information€provided€by€Luis€Anrango,€Director€of€the€Department€for€the€Protection€of€the€Rights€ofÐ tÄ  ÐIndigenous€Peoples,€Office€of€the€Ombudsman,€in€memorandum€No.€065€DINAPIN-AA-DD-2006,€datedÐ n¾  Ð16€October€2006.Ð h¸  ÐÌòò5/óó€€€Information€provided€by€Salim€Zaidam,€Office€of€the€Procurator-General,€Department€of€LegalÐ \¬  ÐAssistance€and€Representation,€on€25€October€2006.Ð V¦ ÐÌòò6/óó€€€Information€supplied€by€e-mail€by€Patricia€Esquetini€of€the€Esquel€Group€Foundation€on€25€OctoberÐ Jš Ð2006.Ð D” ÐÌòò7/óó€€€Information€provided€by€e-mail€by€Yadira€Narvez,€Foundation€for€Integral€Rehabilitation€of€VictimsÐ 8ˆ Ðof€Violence,€on€31€October€2006.Ð 2‚ ÐÌòò8/óó€€€Information€provided€by€Marco€Morales,€Technical€Director€of€Security€of€the€Department€of€SocialÐ &v ÐRehabilitation,€in€official€letter€No.€1730-DTS-DNRS,€dated€10€October€2006.Ð  p ÐÌòò9/óó€€€Information€provided€by€e-mail€by€Mayor€Augusto€Sandoval,€Deparment€of€Human€Rights,€NationalÐ d ÐPolice,€on€31€October€2006.Ð ^ ÐÌòò10/óó€€€Information€provided€by€General€Fabin€Varela,€Under-Secretary€of€National€Defence,€in€officialÐ !R Ðletter€No.€MS-7-1-2006-36,€dated€23€January€2006.Ð ü!L ÐÌòò11/óó€€€Information€provided€by€Camilo€Mena,€National€Director€of€Legal€Assistance€and€Representation,Ð ð#@  ÐOffice€of€the€Procurator-General,€in€official€letter€No.€28322,€dated€4€October€2006.Ð ê$: ! ÐÌòò12/óó€€€Information€provided€by€Fabin€Carrillo,€Under-Secretary-General€of€Finance,€in€official€letter€No.Ð Þ&."# ÐMEF-SP-CACP-2006-0338,€dated€13€February€2006.Ð Ø'(#$ ÐÌòò13/óó€€€Information€provided€by€Mario€Correa,€Construction€Manager,€Department€of€Social€Rehabilitation,Ð Ì)%& Ðin€official€letter€No.€1214-DNRS-DC,€dated€10€October€2006.Ð Æ*&' ÐÌòò14/óó€€€Information€provided€by€telephone€by€Lantaro€Ojeda,€Public€Safety€Corporation,€Quito€MetropolitanÐ º, () ÐDistrict,€on€26€September€2006.Ð ´-)* Їòò15/óó€€€Information€provided€by€Hugo€Correa,€Health€Manager,€Department€of€Social€Rehabilitation,€inÐ ° Ðofficial€letter€No.€1219-DNRS-DPS,€dated€3€October€2006.Ð ªú ÐÌòò16/óó€€€Information€provided€by€telephone€by€Wilson€Mayorga,€Standing€Commission€for€Follow-up€of€theÐ žî ÐNational€Human€Rights€Plan,€on€31€October€2006.Ð ˜è ÐÌòò17/óó€€€Information€provided€by€Jaime€Velasco€Dvila,€President€of€the€Supreme€Court,€in€official€letter€No.Ð Œ Ü Ð1914-SP-CSJ,€dated€19€October€2006.Ð † Ö ÐÌòò18/óó€€€Information€provided€by€General€Jos€Vinueza,€General€Commander€of€the€National€Police,€in€officialÐ z Ê  Ðletter€No.€2200-CG-2006,€dated€18€October€2006.Ð tÄ  ÐÌòò19/óó€€€Information€provided€by€General€Fabin€Varela€Moncayo,€Under-Secretary€of€National€Defence,Ð h¸  Ðin€official€letter€No.€MS-7-5-2006-327.Ð b²  ÐÌòò20/óó€€€Information€provided€by€Gustavo€Donoso,€National€Judiciary€Council,€on€31€October€2006.Ð V¦ ÐÓ™JÓÌÌ