ÿWPCM ñ>¥»X™6Ý·-mCY¥ð'¡û)»«Á›„¹Û·- øê´æ/¸ísÀÝ!”GÔP.a—ònqäÖ…G>/)o¤ÊEÑ‹^:¹9r †5¿cz+Ž¡ßÉR*öÍÔg/¿x=äLÃÿr¹¡žýqÂt–ƒÛ sf[âW•±ê¶îŽÊÎ4(ÃàÅúØCEËY‹Ã#Ç¥ øVå"†ÌT8‰DµáOÿÃgKBBZ€kyêv-Üìét¬ÏIc¿‡3¡~ý*5[áÞXµ^¦õß]º%S4°qÑõ\ÜVÓ„qâj=Ž>XðÃÆ²•‚0‚ÿòA^*JA¾¯îTAÈ☠yL€H —ýâç¹âRKÉû⚦‰ Ý‘õG==la¢„÷-“2ÎNï,â}ÊR[^>“Xòïr¦"ÐIèZSè¬Ùj£° ¯£•ó)H‡H  £ó^רÔ7 ±Ô™?Q®©´–•bK8$Ö§Rêê´ãce´+5d8– SºCF¡1ä“kèjlʨðº ÷ÖûJ’‰Ó--òr¦l¼ ‰ µ­êMÙcâˆk#É=šb–¸Ë$f‘áðÄ¢ÊL4ÇI•f´Ú˜Šæ'>D¢Ôõ_\š‚ #ɨUNq %¿ 0:Å^ ÿw 4#2 m4NK˜HP PSC 2350 seriesTŽ––––TŽ0(@øÐ Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ô‰8‡ cC‚6¢Ø+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òÔ‡¼nÉ»XXÔÓ  ÓÑ8€£1XXdìdÈ8ÑEGYPTÔ#†X£1X»¼nÉ@#Ôó óÐ ° ÐÓ_ÓÌò òÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ôó óÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓÌò òòòRESERVATIONS€AND€DECLARATIONSóóó óÐ ˆØ Ðòò(Unless€otherwise€indicated,€the€reservations€and€declarations€were€made€upon€ratification,Ð t Ä Ðaccession€or€succession)óóÔUSUK.,ÔÐ ` ° ÐÌReservation€made€upon€signature€and€confirmed€upon€ratification:Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌIn€respect€of€article€9Ð `  ÐÌReservation€to€the€text€of€article€9,€paragraph€2,€concerning€the€granting€to€women€of€equal€rightsÐ è8  Ðwith€men€with€respect€to€the€nationality€of€their€children,€without€prejudice€to€the€acquisition€by€aÐ Ô$  Ðchild€born€of€a€marriage€of€the€nationality€of€his€father.€This€is€in€order€to€prevent€a€child's€acquisitionÐ À  Ðof€two€nationalities€where€his€parents€are€of€different€nationalities,€since€this€may€be€prejudicial€to€hisÐ ¬ü  Ðfuture.€It€is€clear€that€the€child's€acquisition€of€his€father's€nationality€is€the€procedure€most€suitableÐ ˜è Ðfor€the€child€and€that€this€does€not€infringe€upon€the€principle€of€equality€between€men€and€women,Ð „Ô Ðsince€it€is€customary€for€a€woman€to€agree,€upon€marrying€an€alien,€that€her€children€shall€be€of€theÐ pÀ Ðfather's€nationality.Ð \¬ ÐÌIn€respect€of€article€16Ð 4„ ÐÌReservation€to€the€text€of€article€16€concerning€the€equality€of€men€and€women€in€all€matters€relatingÐ  \ Ðto€marriage€and€family€relations€during€the€marriage€and€upon€its€dissolution,€without€prejudice€toÐ øH Ðthe€Islamic€Ô_ÔShariaÔ_Ô's€provisions€whereby€women€are€accorded€rights€equivalent€to€those€of€theirÐ ä4 Ðspouses€so€as€to€ensure€a€just€balance€between€them.€This€is€out€of€respect€for€the€sacrosanct€natureÐ Ð  Ðof€the€firm€religious€beliefs€which€govern€marital€relations€in€Egypt€and€which€may€not€be€called€inÐ ¼  Ðquestion€and€in€view€of€the€fact€that€one€of€the€most€important€bases€of€these€relations€is€anÐ ¨ø Ðequivalency€of€rights€and€duties€so€as€to€ensure€complementary€which€guarantees€true€equalityÐ ”ä Ðbetween€the€spouses.€The€provisions€of€the€Ô_ÔShariaÔ_Ô€lay€down€that€the€husband€shall€pay€bridal€moneyÐ € Ð Ðto€the€wife€and€maintain€her€fully€and€shall€also€make€a€payment€to€her€upon€divorce,€whereas€theÐ l!¼ Ðwife€retains€full€rights€over€her€property€and€is€not€obliged€to€spend€anything€on€her€keep.€The€Ô_ÔShariaÔ_ÔÐ X"¨  Ðtherefore€restricts€the€wife's€rights€to€divorce€by€making€it€contingent€on€a€judge's€ruling,€whereas€noÐ D#”! Ðsuch€restriction€is€laid€down€in€the€case€of€the€husband.Ð 0$€" ÐÌIn€respect€of€article€29Ð &X!$ ÐÌThe€Egyptian€delegation€also€maintains€the€reservation€contained€in€article€29,€paragraph€2,Ð à'0#& Ðconcerning€the€right€of€a€State€signatory€to€the€Convention€to€declare€that€it€does€not€consider€itselfÐ Ì($' Ðbound€by€paragraph€1€of€that€article€concerning€the€submission€to€an€arbitral€body€of€any€disputeÐ ¸)%( Ðwhich€may€arise€between€States€concerning€the€interpretation€or€application€of€the€Convention.€ThisÐ ¤*ô%) Ðis€in€order€to€avoid€being€bound€by€the€system€of€arbitration€in€this€field.Ð +à&* ЇReservation€made€upon€ratification:Ð ° ÐÌGeneral€reservation€on€article€2Ð ˆØ ÐÌThe€Arab€Republic€of€Egypt€is€willing€to€comply€with€the€content€of€this€article,€provided€that€suchÐ `° Ðcompliance€does€not€run€counter€to€the€Islamic€Ô_ÔShariaÔ_Ô.€Ð L œ ÐÌòò[Ed.€Note:Ð $ t ÐDepository€notification€C.N.24.2008„TREATIES„1:Ð  ` ÐÌWith€effect€from€4€January€2008,€Egypt€withdrew€the€reservation€made€upon€ratification€in€respectÐ è 8  Ðof€article€9(2).€€The€reservation€read€as€follows:Ð Ô$  ÐÌð ðIn€respect€of€article€9Ð ¬ü  ÐÌReservation€to€the€text€of€article€9,€paragraph€2,€concerning€the€granting€to€women€of€equal€rightsÐ „Ô  Ðwith€men€with€respect€to€the€nationality€of€their€children,€without€prejudice€to€the€acquisition€by€aÐ pÀ Ðchild€born€of€a€marriage€of€the€nationality€of€his€father.€This€is€in€order€to€prevent€a€child'sÐ \¬ Ðacquisition€of€two€nationalities€where€his€parents€are€of€different€nationalities,€since€this€may€beÐ H˜ Ðprejudicial€to€his€future.€It€is€clear€that€the€child's€acquisition€of€his€father's€nationality€is€theÐ 4„ Ðprocedure€most€suitable€for€the€child€and€that€this€does€not€infringe€upon€the€principle€of€equalityÐ  p Ðbetween€men€and€women,€since€it€is€customary€for€a€woman€to€agree,€upon€marrying€an€alien,€thatÐ  \ Ðher€children€shall€be€of€the€father's€nationality.ðð]Ð øH ÐóóÔUK.,US., ÔÔUSUK.,ÔÌÌò òòòOBJECTIONS€MADE€TO€STATE€PARTYððS€RESERVATIONS€AND€DECLARATIONSóóó óÐ ¼  ÐòòÔUK.,US.,Ô(Unless€otherwise€indicated,€the€objections€were€made€upon€ratification,€accession€or€succession)óóÐ ¨ø ÐÌò òGermanyó óÐ €Ð Ðà  àÌThe€Federal€Republic€of€Germany€considers€that€the€reservations€made€by€Egypt€regarding€article€2,Ð X ¨ Ðarticle€9,€paragraph€2,€and€article€16,€by€Bangladesh€regarding€article€2,€article€13€(a)€and€article€16,Ð D!” Ðparagraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€and€(f),€by€Brazil€regarding€article€15,€paragraph€4,€and€article€16,€paragraph€1€(a),Ð 0"€  ÐÔ_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(g)€and€(h),€by€Jamaica€regarding€article€9,€paragraph€2,€by€the€Republic€of€Korea€regardingÐ #l! Ðarticle€9€and€article€16,€paragraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(d),€(f)€and€(g),€and€by€Mauritius€regarding€article€11,Ð $X" Ðparagraph€1€(b)€and€(d),€and€article€16,€paragraph€1€(g),€are€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purposeÐ ô$D # Ðof€the€Convention€(article€28,€paragraph€2)€and€therefore€objects€to€them.€In€relation€to€the€FederalÐ à%0!$ ÐRepublic€of€Germany,€they€may€not€be€invoked€in€support€of€a€legal€practice€which€does€not€pay€dueÐ Ì&"% Ðregard€to€the€legal€status€afforded€to€women€and€children€in€the€Federal€Republic€of€Germany€inÐ ¸'#& Ðconformity€with€the€above-mentioned€articles€of€the€Convention.€This€objection€shall€not€precludeÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention€as€between€Egypt,€Bangladesh,€Brazil,€Jamaica,€the€RepublicÐ )à$( Ðof€Korea,€Mauritius€and€the€Federal€Republic€of€Germany.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* ÐÓ  Ó*****Ð ° ÐÓ:ÓÌò òMexicoó óÐ ˆØ ÐÌ11€January€1985Ð `° ÐÌThe€Government€of€the€United€Mexican€States€has€studied€the€content€of€the€reservations€made€byÐ 8 ˆ ÐMauritius€to€article€11,€paragraph€1€(b)€and€(d),€and€article€16,€paragraph€1€(g),€of€the€ConventionÐ $ t Ðand€has€concluded€that€they€should€be€considered€invalid€in€the€light€of€article€28,€paragraph€2,€of€theÐ  ` ÐConvention,€because€they€are€incompatible€with€its€object€and€purpose.Ð ü L  ÐÌIndeed,€these€reservations,€if€implemented,€would€inevitably€result€in€discrimination€against€womenÐ Ô$  Ðon€the€basis€of€sex,€which€is€contrary€to€all€the€articles€of€the€Convention.€The€principles€of€equalÐ À  Ðrights€of€men€and€women€and€non-discrimination€on€the€basis€of€sex,€which€are€embodied€in€theÐ ¬ü  Ðsecond€Ô_ÔpreambularÔ_Ô€paragraph€and€Article€1,€paragraph€3,€of€the€Charter€of€the€United€Nations,€toÐ ˜è  Ðwhich€Mauritius€is€a€signatory,€and€in€articles€2€and€16€of€the€Universal€DÔ_ÔeclarationÔ_Ô€of€Human€RightsÐ „Ô  Ðof€1948,€were€previously€accepted€by€the€Government€of€Mauritius€when€it€acceded,€on€12€DecemberÐ pÀ ÐÔ_Ô1973,€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€and€the€International€Covenant€onÐ \¬ ÐEconomic,€Social€and€Cultural€Rights.€The€above€principles€were€stated€in€article€2,€paragraph€1,€andÐ H˜ Ðarticle€3€of€the€former€Covenant€and€in€article€2,€paragraph€2,€and€article€3€of€the€latter.Ð 4„ ÐConsequently,€it€is€inconsistent€with€these€contractual€obligations€previously€assumed€by€MauritiusÐ  p Ðfor€its€Government€now€to€claim€that€it€has€reservations,€on€the€same€subject,€about€the€1979Ð  \ ÐConvention.Ð øH ÐÌThe€objection€of€the€Government€of€the€United€Mexican€States€to€the€reservations€in€question€shouldÐ Ð  Ðnot€be€interpreted€as€an€impediment€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€1979€Convention€between€theÐ ¼  ÐUnited€Mexican€States€and€Mauritius.Ð ¨ø ÐÌObjections,€identical€in€essence,€mutatis€mutandis,€were€also€formulated€by€the€Government€ofÐ €Ð ÐMexico€in€regard€to€reservations€made€by€various€States,€as€follows€[for€the€States€which€were€notÐ l¼ ÐParties€to€the€Covenants€(marked€below€with€an€asterisk€*),€the€participation€in€the€Covenants€wasÐ X ¨ Ðnot€invoked€by€Mexico€in€its€objection€with€regard€toÐ D!” Ðreservations]:Ð 0"€  Ð...Ð #l! Ðvii)€16€July€1986:€In€respect€of€reservations€made€by€Egypt€to€articles€9€and€16.Ð $X" Ð...Ð ô$D # Ðò òÌÓ  Ó*****Ð Ì&"% ÐÓ'ÓÌNetherlandsó óÐ ¤(ô#' ÐÌ"The€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€considers€that€the€reservations€made€byÐ |*Ì%) ÐBangladesh€regarding€article€2,€article€13€(a)€and€article€16,€paragraph€1€(c)€and€(f),€by€Ô_ÔEgyptÐ h+¸&* Ðregarding€article€2,€article€9€and€article€16,€by€Brazil€regarding€article€15,€paragraph€4,€and€article€16,Ð ° Ðparagraph€1€(a),€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(g),€and€(h),€by€Iraq€regarding€article€2,€sub-paragraphs€(f)€and€(g),€article€9€andÐ œì Ðarticle€16,€by€Mauritius€regarding€article€11,€paragraph€1€(b)€and€(d),€and€article€16,€paragraph€1€(g),Ð ˆØ Ðby€Jamaica€regarding€article€9,€paragraph€2,€by€the€Republic€of€Korea€regarding€article€9€and€articleÐ tÄ Ð16,€paragraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(d),€(f)€and€(g),€by€Thailand€regarding€article€9,€paragraph€2,€article€15,Ð `° Ðparagraph€3,€and€article€16,€by€Tunisia€regarding€article€9,€paragraph€2,€article€15,€paragraph€4,€andÐ L œ Ðarticle€16,€paragraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(d),€(f),€(g)€and€(h),€by€Turkey€regarding€article€15,€paragraphs€2€and€4,Ð 8 ˆ Ðand€article€16,€paragraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(d),€(f)€and€(g),€by€the€Libyan€Arab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô€upon€accession,€andÐ $ t Ðthe€first€paragraph€of€the€reservations€made€by€Malawi€upon€accession,€are€incompatible€with€theÐ  ` Ðobject€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€(article€28,€paragraph€2).Ð ü L  ÐÌThese€objections€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention€as€between€Bangladesh,Ð Ô$  ÐEgypt,€Brazil,€Iraq,€Mauritius,€Jamaica,€the€Republic€of€Korea,€Thailand,€Tunisia,€Turkey,€LibyanÐ À  ÐArab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô,€Malawi€and€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands."Ð ¬ü  ÐÌÓ  Ó*****Ð „Ô  ÐÓ/ÓÔ_Ôò òSwedenó ó,Ô_Ô€17€March€1986Ð pÀ ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Sweden€considers€that€[the€following€reservations]€are€incompatible€with€theÐ Lœ Ðobject€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€(article€28,€paragraph€2)€and€therefore€objects€to€them:Ð 8ˆ Ð...Ð $t ÐIndeed€the€reservations€in€question,€if€put€into€practice,€would€inevitably€result€in€discriminationÐ ` Ðagainst€women€on€the€basis€of€sex,€which€is€contrary€to€everything€the€Convention€stands€for.€ItÐ üL Ðshould€also€be€borne€in€mind€that€the€principles€of€the€equal€rights€of€men€and€women€and€ofÐ è8 Ðnon-discrimination€on€the€basis€of€sex€are€set€forth€in€the€Charter€of€the€United€Nations€as€one€of€itsÐ Ô$ Ðpurposes,€in€the€Universal€Declaration€of€Human€Rights€of€1948€and€in€various€multilateralÐ À Ðinstruments,€to€which€Thailand,€Tunisia€and€Bangladesh€are€parties.Ð ¬ü ÐÌThe€Government€of€Sweden€furthermore€notes€that,€as€a€matter€of€principle,€the€same€objection€couldÐ „Ô Ðbe€made€to€the€reservations€made€by:Ð pÀ ÐÌ-€Egypt€regarding€article€2,€article€9,€paragraph€2,€and€article€16Ð H!˜ Ð...Ð 4"„  ÐIn€this€context€the€Government€of€Sweden€wishes€to€take€this€opportunity€to€make€the€observationÐ  #p! Ðthat€the€reason€why€reservations€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€a€treaty€are€notÐ  $\" Ðacceptable€is€precisely€that€otherwise€they€would€render€a€basic€international€obligation€of€aÐ ø$H # Ðcontractual€nature€meaningless.€Incompatible€reservations,€made€in€respect€of€the€Convention€on€theÐ ä%4!$ Ðelimination€of€all€forms€of€discrimination€against€women,€do€not€only€cast€doubts€on€the€commitmentsÐ Ð& "% Ðof€the€reserving€states€to€the€objects€and€purpose€of€this€Convention,€but€moreover,€contribute€toÐ ¼' #& Ðundermine€the€basis€of€international€contractual€law.€It€is€in€the€common€interest€of€states€that€treatiesÐ ¨(ø#' Ðto€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€parties€also€are€respected,€as€to€object€and€purpose,€by€otherÐ ”)ä$( Ðparties."Ð €*Ð%) Ð...