ÿWPC¨ ŸiÕ*ŸŽ«ÿ¹‘ªµ_ªÚÄ3±­boN“Ü7~¸,ö‘{\ÔèY«)…ßdrtSGòö‘änM+<úbæ /m'½â)Îuª®] P¹_@<­a>!ð¿ ` ¢ÌWk àîre¹æ,ñ ϵxNÏŸ’+‘D»®˜CÄ^wbƒ>ÂþÅéÓ©KÞj¶b;nÊЖ¢ð†ÍGŸýi‘y Ÿœ?»o^¸Žóñã¬Ç¶O\aªŠDnÌMˆÌ;ɉxK`f¹Š!«¢ç®˜U. O4fŠRÔ1‚m_êB 9x÷…ªŽµrµûÜ[qé42ÿ­ÖÞf†‹Oä­)•?›´ ™P‹¿õ³»Î<2a ·ònËüÉOAT>ü5•çùüÌ|B([j‡{:yZC"U/¸~½¶ù²½ËtóÎ{¦5_ÖÌx-þÅÍY1<ÂÎCl¿WσØ¿Q±È@ÅqŠÌõv©>€\/åâEt›®s™<œõ%îä? úzÍÏr’òsËÑ=Bö„®îf/(ü—T¹y?Nž^Ó¨°ãd38µ‘4›[kͽ ¢]˜e„z¶¬÷>³ŸãÄÊø‘äÝ>O¿§óÄÎèW’s}I˜jº{/mØ ä#ÁUNÙ %' 0:-^ gws4w‹š mœ 1³ 72@ 1ur 72ç 0c|N„„"†˜HP LaserJet 4P,ü,,,,,ü0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ôg„g, &bœ+ê:i¢Ø+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(× CEMU]emu}AutoList1(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a) (a)3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à  Ñ m ÑÑ m ÑÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  ÓÑ€~FÑà@··'ìàò òÔ€¼òT»XXÔGEORGIAó óˆÐ ° ÐÔ€XºXX»¼òTÔÌÌò òÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€€A/54/38/Rev.1€Ô_Ô(1999)ó óÔ_ÔÐ œì ÐÌÌ70.€€The€Committee€considered€the€first€periodic€report€of€Georgia€(Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/Ô_ÔGEOÔ_Ô/1,€Add.1€andÐ ` ° ÐCorr.1)€at€its€427òòthóó€and€430òòthóó€meetings,€on€8€and€11€June€1999€(see€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/SR.427€and€430).Ð L œ ÐÌÓ€ (× 83 Ó(a)€€òòIntroduction€by€the€State€partyóóÐ $ t  ÐÌ71.€€The€representative€of€Georgia€described€the€political,€economic€and€social€situation€of€herÐ üL  Ðcountry,€which€is€in€the€process€of€transition€to€a€market€economy.€€She€noted€that€in€spite€of€theÐ è8  Ðdifficulties€that€this€presented,€the€Government€of€Georgia€attached€great€importance€to€theÐ Ô$  Ðinternational€human€rights€treaties,€including€the€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€ofÐ À  ÐDiscrimination€against€Women,€to€which€Georgia€had€acceded€in€1994,€without€reservations.€€SheÐ ¬ü  Ðindicated€that€before€and€after€acceding€to€the€Convention,€Georgia€had€enacted€laws€to€facilitate€theÐ ˜è Ðimplementation€of€the€provisions€of€the€Convention.Ð „Ô ÐÌ72.€€The€representative€indicated€that€the€principal€State€institutions€responsible€for€implementationÐ \¬ Ðof€policies€in€the€areas€addressed€in€the€Convention€were€the€Ministries€of€Education,€Health,Ð H˜ ÐInternal€Affairs,€Social€Protection,€Labour€and€Employment,€Refugees€and€Resettlement€Issues.€Ð 4„ ÐConcerns€of€women€and€children€were€dealt€with€by€a€group€located€in€the€Office€of€theÐ  p ÐOmbudsman.Ð  \ ÐÌ73.€€The€representative€highlighted€initiatives€that€had€been€undertaken€after€the€submission€of€theÐ ä4 Ðinitial€report€in€1998,€including,€in€particular,€the€establishment,€by€Presidential€decree€of€20Ð Ð  ÐFebruary€1998,€of€the€Commission€for€the€Elaboration€of€a€State€Policy€for€the€Advancement€ofÐ ¼  ÐWomen€and€the€adoption,€on€18€June€1998,€of€the€National€Plan€of€Action€for€the€Advancement€ofÐ ¨ø ÐWomen€for€1998„2000.€€The€representative€noted€that€the€establishment€of€the€national€machinery,Ð ”ä Ðthe€increase€of€womenððs€participation€in€decision„making,€the€protection€of€women€from€violenceÐ € Ð Ðand€the€improvement€of€womenððs€health€had€been€identified€as€important€national€priorities€and€wereÐ l!¼ Ðnecessary€for€the€implementation€of€the€Beijing€Platform€for€Action.Ð X"¨  ÐÌ74.€€The€representative€emphasized€that€owing€to€the€complex€financial€situation€in€the€country€thereÐ 0$€" Ðwere€limited€resources€for€the€implementation€of€the€National€Plan€of€Action.€€Efforts€were€beingÐ %l # Ðundertaken€to€find€additional€sources€for€its€financing.Ð &X!$ ÐÌ75.€€The€representative€informed€the€Committee€that€there€were€currently€approximately€70€non„Ð à'0#& Ðgovernmental€organizations€concerned€with€womenððs€issues.€€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_Ô€had€published€the€text€of€theÐ Ì($' ÐConvention€in€Georgian,€while€representatives€of€52€womenððs€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_Ô€had€taken€an€active€part€in€theÐ ¸)%( Ðwork€of€the€Commission€for€the€Elaboration€of€a€State€Policy€for€the€Advancement€of€WomenÐ ¤*ô%) Ðduring€April€1999.€€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_Ô€had€also€issued€an€appeal€to€political€parties€to€include€more€womenÐ +à&* Ðamongst€the€candidates€for€parliamentary€election,€which€will€take€place€in€November€1999,€so€thatÐ |,Ì'+ Ðat€least€30€per€cent€of€the€new€Parliament€would€be€composed€of€women.Ð h-¸(, ÐÔ_Ô‡Ì76.€€The€representative€noted€that€the€current€economic€and€social€conditions€had€brought€about€aÐ œì Ðdecline€in€the€standard€of€living,€high€rates€of€unemployment,€continuing€high€rates€of€infant€andÐ ˆØ Ðmaternal€mortality,€increased€prostitution,€especially€amongst€young€girls,€and€an€increased€numberÐ tÄ Ðof€women€drug€addicts.€€To€address€the€decline€in€health„care€services,€the€Government€adopted€theÐ `° Ðlaw€on€the€protection€of€the€health€of€the€population€in€1997,€and€had€developed€a€draft€nationalÐ L œ Ðpolicy€in€the€area€of€health€care€to€the€year€2010.€€The€draft€emphasized€special€measures€to€improveÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€health€of€women€and€children.€€She€also€noted€that€single€mothers€with€under„aged€children€wereÐ $ t Ðentitled€to€free€medical€insurance€and€their€income€was€tax€exempt.Ð  ` ÐÌ77.€€The€representative€also€noted€that€womenððs€situation€at€the€labour€market€was€a€serious€concern.€Ð è 8  ÐAt€the€end€of€1998,€women€constituted€55€per€cent€of€the€unemployed€in€the€public€sector.€€AmongÐ Ô$  Ðthe€explanations€for€womenððs€unemployment€was€the€closing€of€light,€food€and€chemical€industryÐ À  Ðenterprises€that€had€traditionally€been€spheres€of€female€employment.€€Women€had€also€lost€theirÐ ¬ü  Ðjobs€as€a€result€of€reforms€in€the€health€and€education€sectors.€€In€addition,€a€series€of€sociologicalÐ ˜è  Ðsurveys€had€revealed€an€extremely€low€level€of€female€participation€in€entrepreneurial€activities.€€TheÐ „Ô  ÐGovernment€had€elaborated€a€draft€national€employment€programme,€which€incorporated€aÐ pÀ Ðcomprehensive€programme€relating€to€female€employment,€to€address€these€problems.Ð \¬ ÐÌ78.€€The€representative€noted€that€the€Government€had€recognized€that€greater€efforts€were€requiredÐ 4„ Ðto€address€violence,€including€domestic€violence,€against€women.€€Persistent€traditional€stereotypesÐ  p Ðwere€obstacles€to€the€establishment€of€effective€monitoring€systems€and€systems€to€gather€data€andÐ  \ Ðinformation€about€the€incidence€of€violence.€€A€confidential€ð ðhotlineðð€had€been€established,€butÐ øH Ðshelters€and€services€for€battered€women€were€limited.Ð ä4 ÐÌ79.€€The€representative€mentioned€severe€conditions€in€the€penitentiary€system€of€Georgia€and€theÐ ¼  Ðnecessity€for€the€allocation€of€additional€financial€resources€for€its€improvement.€€Nevertheless,€theÐ ¨ø Ðposition€of€women€convicts€can€be€described€as€ð ðpositive€discriminationðð.€€The€conditions€inÐ ”ä Ðwomenððs€facilities€are€better€with€respect€to€sanitary€conditions,€food€and€health€care.Ð €Ð ÐÌ80.€€In€1998,€the€President€of€Georgia€exercised€his€constitutional€right€to€pardon€90€womenÐ X ¨ Ðconvicted€for€minor€criminal€offences.€€The€representative€noted€that€there€were€no€cases€ofÐ D!” Ðexecution€of€women€since€the€repressions€of€1937.Ð 0"€  ÐÌ81.€€The€representative€indicated€that€the€Government€of€Georgia€was€particularly€concerned€aboutÐ $X" Ðthe€large€number€of€refugees€and€displaced€persons€in€the€country,€of€whom€the€majority€wereÐ ô$D # Ðwomen,€children€and€the€elderly.€€Refugees€received€State€subsidies,€and€were€exempt€from€incomeÐ à%0!$ Ðtax€and€utility€bills.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ82.€€The€representative€concluded€by€assuring€the€Committee€of€the€willingness€of€the€GovernmentÐ ¤(ô#' Ðof€Georgia€to€continue€in€its€efforts€to€implement€the€principles€of€the€Convention.Ð )à$( ÐÌ(b)€€òòConcluding€comments€of€the€Committee€IntroductionóóÐ h+¸&* ÐÌ83.€€The€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€to€the€Government€of€Georgia€for€submitting€aÐ @-(, Ðcomprehensive€and€frank€initial€report€which€follows€the€guidelines€of€the€Committee€and€includesÐ ° Ðinformation€the€Government€received€from€womenððs€NGOs.€€It€also€commends€the€Government€onÐ œì Ðits€oral€presentation€of€additional€information€to€update€its€submission€and€for€the€replies€to€theÐ ˆØ Ðquestions€posed€by€the€Committee,€including€the€provision€of€some€data€disaggregated€by€sex.Ð tÄ ÐÌ84.€€The€Committee€commends€the€fact€that€Georgia€acceded€to€the€Convention€without€reservations,Ð L œ Ðas€well€as€its€efforts€to€publicize€the€Convention,€such€as€through€the€translation€and€disseminationÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€the€Convention€in€the€Georgian€language.Ð $ t ÐÌ85.€€The€Committee€also€commends€the€Government€of€Georgia€for€sending€a€high„level€delegation,Ð ü L  Ðwhich€was€headed€by€the€Deputy€Secretary€of€the€National€Security€Council€and€Chairperson€of€theÐ è 8  ÐCommission€for€the€Elaboration€of€State€Policy€for€the€Advancement€of€Women,€accompanied€byÐ Ô$  Ðtwo€deputy€ministers.Ð À  ÐÌòòPositive€aspectsóóÐ ˜è  ÐÌ86.€€The€Committee€commends€the€efforts€made€by€the€Government€of€Georgia€to€formulate€a€newÐ pÀ Ðconstitution,€which,òò€inter€aliaóó,€provides€for€the€equality€of€all€people€regardless€of€sex,€for€ratifyingÐ \¬ Ða€number€of€human€rights€conventions,€as€well€as€for€being€engaged€in€an€ongoing€legislative€reformÐ H˜ Ðin€many€areas,€including€the€Civil€Code,€the€Law€on€Nationality€and€the€Patientsðð€Rights€Act.€€It€alsoÐ 4„ Ðcommends€the€fact€that€some€training€of€officials€in€the€field€of€human€rights€has€started,€that€theÐ  p Ðnew€legislation€has€been€instituted€and€the€new€judges€have€assumed€office.€€These€new€legalÐ  \ Ðinstruments€as€well€as€the€new€personnel€are€expected€to€help€secure€the€òòde€jureóó€equality€of€womenÐ øH Ðand€men.Ð ä4 ÐÌ87.€€The€Committee€commends€the€Government€of€Georgia€for€setting€up€various€institutionalÐ ¼  Ðmechanisms€to€advance€and€strengthen€the€status€of€women,€such€as€the€establishment€of€a€groupÐ ¨ø Ðwithin€the€office€of€the€Ombudsman€for€Human€Rights€dealing€specifically€with€the€issues€of€womenÐ ”ä Ðand€children,€including€the€establishment€of€a€confidential€hotline€for€women€victims€of€violence,Ð €Ð Ðand€of€the€Commission€for€the€Elaboration€of€a€State€Policy€for€the€Advancement€of€Women€inÐ l¼ Ðcollaboration€with€the€United€Nations€Development€Programme€and€the€World€Bank.€€It€alsoÐ X ¨ Ðapplauds€the€fact€that€a€commitment€has€been€made€to€set€up€a€department€of€womenððs€affairs€afterÐ D!” Ðthe€next€election€in€the€spring€of€2000.Ð 0"€  ÐÌ88.€€The€Committee€commends€the€Government€of€Georgia€for€the€recent€adoption€of€the€NationalÐ $X" ÐAction€Plan€for€the€Advancement€of€Women€for€1998„2000€in€order€to€implement€the€GovernmentððsÐ ô$D # Ðcommitments€to€the€Beijing€Platform€for€Action.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ89.€€The€Committee€commends€efforts€of€the€Government€of€Georgia€in€addressing€the€situation€ofÐ ¸'#& Ðrefugee€and€displaced€women€through€such€measures€as€State€subsidies€and€exemption€from€payingÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtaxes€and€utility€bills.Ð )à$( ÐÌ90.€€The€Committee€appreciates€the€efforts€of€the€Government€of€Georgia€for€having€begun€a€genderÐ h+¸&* Ðanalysis€of€textbooks€used€in€primary€education.Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, ÐÑ~FÑâ âÑm°ÑÑm°Ñâ âÑ  Ñ91.€€The€Committee€commends€the€Governmentððs€efforts€at€improving€the€situation€of€rural€womenÐ m Ðthrough€land€reform€credit€unions€and€special€programmes€for€the€mountainous€regions.Ð Yì ÐÌ92.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€active€involvement€of€NGOs€in€the€implementation€of€many€ofÐ 1Ä Ðthe€governmental€efforts€to€improve€the€situation€of€women.Ð ° ÐÌòòFactors€and€difficulties€affecting€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÐ õ ˆ ÐÌ93.€€The€Committee€considers€that€ongoing€economic€restructuring€creates€an€obstacle€to€the€fullÐ Í ` Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention.€€It€also€notes€that€the€civil€war€has€had€a€serious€impact€in€someÐ ¹ L  Ðparts€of€the€Country,€and€that€as€a€consequence€there€are€large€numbers€of€internally€displacedÐ ¥ 8  Ðpeople,€the€majority€of€whom€are€women€and€children.Ð ‘$  ÐÌòòPrincipal€areas€of€concern€and€recommendationsóóÐ iü  ÐÌ94.€€The€Committee€expresses€concern€at€the€lack€of€real€understanding€of€discrimination€againstÐ AÔ  Ðwomen€as€contained€in€the€Convention,€which€includes€both€direct€and€indirect€discrimination.€€SuchÐ -À Ðindirect€discrimination€is€reflected,€in€particular,€in€the€sex€segregation€of€the€labour€market€and€inÐ ¬ Ðthe€high€maternal€death€rate.€€It€further€notes€the€absence€of€comprehensive€strategies€and€policiesÐ ˜ Ðdirected€at€indirect€discrimination€and€the€lack€of€policies€and€strategies€to€combat€discriminationÐ ñ„ Ðin€the€private€sector.Ð Ýp ÐÌÒm°ÒÒm°Ò95.€€The€Committee€recommends€incorporation€of€the€principle€of€the€equality€of€women€and€men€inÐ µH Ðthe€constitution.€€It€further€recommends€that€education€and€awareness„raising€campaigns€be€initiatedÐ ¡4 Ðutilizing,€òòinter€aliaóó,€the€large€number€of€women€in€mass€media€and€education.€€Efforts€should€be€madeÐ   Ðto€obtain€a€clear€understanding€of€indirect€discrimination€so€as€to€accelerate€its€elimination€and€to€putÐ y  Ðin€place€new€legislation€addressing€the€issue€of€indirect€discrimination.€€Training€of€lawmakers€andÐ eø Ðthe€judiciary,€health€professionals€and€the€mass€media€in€this€respect€is€also€recommended.Ð Qä ÐÌ96.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€National€Action€Plan€has€not€yet€been€implemented.€€ThisÐ )¼ ÐPlan€addresses€major€areas€for€the€improvement€of€Womenððs€situation,€including€the€issues€of€genderÐ  ¨ Ðevaluation€of€all€legislation;€the€collection€of€sex„disaggregated€data;€the€enhancement€of€the€role€ofÐ !” Ðwomen€in€decision„making€processes;€strengthening€womenððs€role€in€the€economy€and€their€positionÐ í!€  Ðin€the€urban€and€agricultural€labour€markets€in€order€to€reduce€current€poverty€levels;€includingÐ Ù"l! Ðwomen€in€peace€negotiations€and€making€special€efforts€for€women€refugees€and€victims€of€armedÐ Å#X" Ðconflicts;€efforts€to€protect€womenððs€health;€and€securing€the€human€rights€of€women€throughÐ ±$D # Ðinformation,€training€and€publication€of€relevant€texts.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€measuresÐ %0!$ Ðbe€put€in€place€to€initiate€implementation€of€this€plan.Ð ‰&"% ÐÌ97.€€€The€Committee€expresses€concern€that€a€number€of€concepts€and€provisions€that€are€beneficialÐ a(ô#' Ðto€the€advancement€of€the€equality€of€women€which€were€formerly€in€use€are€currently€beingÐ M)à$( Ðdisregarded.Ð 9*Ì%) ÐÌ98.€€The€Committee€recommends€the€review€of€the€negative€attitudes€towards€such€concepts€andÐ ,¤'+ Ðprovisions€such€as,€for€example,€temporary€special€measures,€including€quotas€in€the€areas€of€politicalÐ ý,(, Ðparticipation€and€in€employment.Ð é-|)- Ї99.€€The€Committee€notes€with€concern€the€persistence€of€a€patriarchal€culture,€the€prevalence€ofÐ m Ðstereotyped€roles€of€women€in€Government€policies€in€the€family€and€in€public€life€based€on€patternsÐ Yì Ðof€behaviour€and€attitudes€that€overemphasize€the€role€of€women€as€mothers.€€It€also€notes€withÐ EØ Ðconcern€that€the€report€itself€promotes€the€role€of€man€as€breadwinner.Ð 1Ä ÐÌ100.€€The€Committee€recommends€comprehensive€measures€to€eliminate€gender€stereotypes€throughÐ  œ Ða€number€of€efforts,€including€the€review€of€textbooks€beyond€primary€education,€the€sensitization€ofÐ õ ˆ Ðteachers,€the€creation€of€awareness€and€understanding€through€research€into€the€rich€heritage€ofÐ á t Ðwomenððs€positive€role€in€Georgian€history€for€policy€planning€and€as€role€models,€and€the€formulationÐ Í ` Ðof€positive€symbolic€messages€at€the€highest€political€level€concerning€the€equality€of€women€in€allÐ ¹ L  Ðareas€of€life.Ð ¥ 8  ÐÌ101.€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€report€provides€very€little€information€on€the€issue€of€violence€andÐ }  Ðon€gender„based€violence€in€particular.€€It€expresses€concern€that€there€may€well€be€a€high€level€ofÐ iü  Ðviolence€against€women€in€Georgia.€€The€Committee€is€also€concerned€that€the€current€policy€of€notÐ Uè  Ðcriminalizing€procuring€for€the€purpose€of€prostitution€has€created€an€environment€in€which€womenÐ AÔ  Ðand€young€children€are€not€protected€from€sexual€exploitation€in€sex€tourism,€cross„border€trafficking,Ð -À Ðand€pornography.€€It€is€also€concerned€at€the€increase€in€prostitution€and€trafficking€of€women,Ð ¬ Ðespecially€among€girls,€which€is€largely€due€to€their€poverty.Ð ˜ ÐÌ102.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€laws€specifically€addressing€violence€against€women€andÐ Ýp Ðcriminalizing€rape€in€marriage€be€put€in€place.€€It€also€recommends€that€Georgia€consider€amendmentÐ É\ Ðof€the€Penal€Code€to€impose€severe€penalties€for€sexual€violence€and€abuse€of€women€and€girls.€€It€alsoÐ µH Ðrecommends€the€design€and€implementation€of€policies€and€programmes€to€address€violence€againstÐ ¡4 Ðwomen.€€In€particular,€it€recommends€the€establishment€of€a€network€of€crisis€centres€and€theÐ   Ðexpansion€of€consultative€services€so€as€to€render€the€necessary€assistance€to€women€victims,Ð y  Ðespecially€girls,€both€in€urban€and€rural€areas.€€Programmes€of€rehabilitation€and€reintegration€shouldÐ eø Ðbe€developed€for€the€victims€of€sexual€exploitation€in€prostitution€and€cross„border€trafficking.€€TheÐ Qä ÐCommittee€urges€gender„sensitive€training€for€law€enforcement€officials€and€agencies€and€collectionÐ =Ð Ðof€information€and€statistical€data.€€It€also€recommends€that€advantage€be€taken€of€the€fact€that€womenÐ )¼ Ðmake€up€the€majority€of€judges€and€journalists.€€In€all€these€efforts,€active€collaboration€with€nationalÐ  ¨ Ðand€international€NGOs€should€be€sought,€in€view€of€their€extensive€experiences€in€addressing€theseÐ !” Ðissues.Ð í!€  ÐÌ103.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€there€have€been€no€efforts€to€employ€temporary€specialÐ Å#X" Ðmeasures€to€improve€the€situation€of€women€in€various€areas.Ð ±$D # ÐÌ104.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€Government€consider€introducing€a€broad€range€ofÐ ‰&"% Ðmeasures€within€the€framework€of€article€4.1€of€the€Convention€to€accelerate€the€improvement€of€theÐ u'#& Ðposition€of€women€in€all€areas€and€particularly€in€regard€to€political€representation.Ð a(ô#' ÐÌ105.€€The€Committee€expresses€concern€at€the€number€of€women€living€in€poverty,€and€the€increasingÐ 9*Ì%) Ðrepresentation€of€women€among€the€unemployed,€due€to€the€differential€impact€on€women€of€theÐ %+¸&* Ðrestructuring€and€privatization€of€the€economy,€to€women€being€clustered€in€certain€sectors€of€theÐ ,¤'+ Ðlabour€market€and€the€persistence€of€sex„role€stereotypes€in€the€labour€market.€€It€is€concerned€thatÐ ý,(, Ðpoverty€and€unemployment€of€women€will€also€have€a€long„term€negative€impact€on€the€health€ofÐ é-|)- Ðwomen€and€children.Ð m ÐÌ106.€€The€Committee€recommends€the€implementation€of€comprehensive€measures€aimed€at€theÐ EØ Ðimprovement€of€womenððs€economic€status€through€training€and€retraining,€as€well€as€the€introductionÐ 1Ä Ðof€quotas€for€women€in€the€governmental€job€creation€schemes.€€It€also€recommends€programmes€toÐ ° Ðencourage€women€to€participate€in€modern€sectors€of€the€national€economy,€as€well€as€inÐ  œ Ðentrepreneurship.Ð õ ˆ ÐÌ107.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€persistence€of€a€gap€between€the€wages€of€women€and€men,Ð Í ` Ðeven€in€the€public€sector.Ð ¹ L  ÐÌ108.€€The€Committee€urges€the€Government€of€Georgia€to€identify€the€causes€of€the€wage€gap,Ð ‘$  Ðparticularly€between€female„€and€male„dominated€public€labour€market€sectors,€and€recommendsÐ }  Ðconsideration€of€innovative€measures,€such€as€the€introduction€of€provisions€for€equal€pay€for€workÐ iü  Ðof€comparable€value.Ð Uè  ÐÌ109.€€The€Committee€expresses€concern€that€existing€occupational€health€standards€relating€to€womenÐ -À Ðwill€result€in€discrimination€against€them€in€a€labour€market€that€is€based€on€a€market€economy.Ð ¬ ÐÌ110.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€existing€occupational€health€standards€be€amended€and€thatÐ ñ„ Ðall€such€standards€that€directly€or€indirectly€discriminate€against€women€be€repealed.Ð Ýp ÐÌ111.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€about€the€situation€with€regard€to€womenððs€health€and€health€care,Ð µH Ðincluding€the€high€rate€of€infant€and€maternal€mortality€and€the€high€number€of€abortions,€which€areÐ ¡4 Ðused€as€a€means€of€contraception.€€It€also€expresses€concern€that€the€privatization€of€health€care€hasÐ   Ðnegatively€affected€women€by€restricting€their€access€to€the€necessary€medical€services€and€reducingÐ y  Ðjobs€for€women€as€nurses€and€doctors.Ð eø ÐÌ112.€€The€Committee€recommends€the€enhancement€of€family€planning€programmes€and€theÐ =Ð Ðdissemination€of€various€forms€of€contraceptives,€and€that€Georgia€take€advantage€of€assistanceÐ )¼ Ðavailable€from€international€agencies€in€this€regard.€€It€also€recommends€the€creation€of€insuranceÐ  ¨ Ðplans€that€sufficiently€cover€women€patients€in€hospitals€and€in€ambulatory€medical€care.Ð !” ÐÌ113.€€The€Committee€notes€with€concern€the€lack€of€statistical€data€in€the€report,€as€well€as€the€lackÐ Ù"l! Ðof€reference€to€the€general€recommendations€of€the€Committee.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€theÐ Å#X" ÐGovernment€of€Georgia€devote€special€attention€to€the€achievement€of€lasting€peace,€and€to€this€endÐ ±$D # Ðthat€it€ensure€that€women€are€fully€involved€in€the€peace€process.€€It€also€recommends€that€the€needsÐ %0!$ Ðof€internally€displaced€people,€particularly€women€and€children,€be€given€special€attention.Ð ‰&"% ÐÌ114.€€The€Committee€recommends€the€collection€of€sex„disaggregated€data€as€the€basis€for€anyÐ a(ô#' Ðplanning€for€the€advancement€of€women€and€asks€that€they€be€included€in€the€next€report.€€It€alsoÐ M)à$( Ðrecommends€a€thorough€study€of€the€Committeeððs€general€recommendations€and€the€incorporation€ofÐ 9*Ì%) Ðtheir€contents€in€future€policy€planning.Ð %+¸&* ÐÌ115.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€Government€of€Georgia€provide€further€information€in€itsÐ ý,(, Ðnext€periodic€report,€describing€measures€taken€to€address€the€concerns€outlined€in€these€concludingÐ é-|)- Ðcomments.Ð m ÐÌ116.€€The€Committee€requests€the€wide€dissemination€in€Georgia€of€the€present€concluding€commentsÐ EØ Ðin€order€to€make€Georgian€people,€and€particularly€the€Government,€administrators€and€politicians,Ð 1Ä Ðaware€of€the€steps€that€have€been€taken€to€ensure€òòde€jureóó€and€de€facto€equality€for€women€and€theÐ ° Ðfurther€steps€required€in€that€regard.€€The€Committee€also€requests€the€Government€to€continue€toÐ  œ Ðdisseminate€widely,€and€in€particular€to€womenððs€and€human€rights€organizations,€the€Convention,€theÐ õ ˆ ÐCommitteeððs€general€recommendations€and€the€Beijing€Declaration€and€the€Platform€for€Action.