ÿWPC” åµÎ×{(Ž4Î;&n.ƒ' Ò”[ÚÈW‡fE»Ç*²6uìäÃg™ñ —îu>—à#Ȭ~ðà§Ôù6þp^Š?~¥CGVR™c-†.ì§2ýkAYyëEtì-­–-µy¯^à*5k¼ ÑfŸÏ„{œ¤3òÃ%V©b‰hãTI)˜“û¶ ¸b BÊÁKÓ¹faaôž<Ç-N%BDs åÄñæß`­Çp/ªšõ̲D„ÊꃛHΨNÂgoEÎqNÝ…›f¿X47äÞ.¡ŸFVØ—£‰70›OÚ ÇVˆ•~îšU@F¼XE@«#g†ÊžggÏ$Óx£‡[ƒ­KÿÝŒz8X¦Ø4Tƃx’öl¢âþñJ TlÖ ÍÉØ2V±ŠŠØ¡F©œŽm3m’ÊxØU(#Á0UNñ %? 0:E 0î 0ëm 0èX 0å@ 0â% 0ß 0Üæ 0Ù 0Ö› 0Üq 0ÙM 0Ö& 0Óü 0ÐÏ 0ÍŸ 0Êl 0Ç6 0Äý 0ÛÁ 0Øœ 0Õt 0ÒI 0Ï 0Ìê 0ɶ 0Æ 0ÃEU >^ FwR4Vjy m{N’˜HP LaserJet 4P,ü,,,,,ü0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ô2G+J ÿÿ0_level1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2D+J ÿÿ0_level2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2A+J ÿÿ0_level3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>+J ÿÿ0_level4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;+J ÿÿ0_level5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28+J ÿÿ0_level6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25+J ÿÿ0_level7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22+J ÿÿ0_level8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2/+J ÿÿ0_level9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2GJ ÿÿ0_levsl1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2DJ ÿÿ0_levsl2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2AJ ÿÿ0_levsl3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>J ÿÿ0_levsl4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;J ÿÿ0_levsl5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28J ÿÿ0_levsl6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25J ÿÿ0_levsl7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22J ÿÿ0_levsl8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2/J ÿÿ0_levsl9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2GJ ÿÿ0_levnl1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2DJ ÿÿ0_levnl2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2AJ ÿÿ0_levnl3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>J ÿÿ0_levnl4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;J ÿÿ0_levnl5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28J ÿÿ0_levnl6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25J ÿÿ0_levnl7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22J ÿÿ0_levnl8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2/J ÿÿ0_levnl9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Óô\  `‹&Times New Romanvg, &bœ+ACKUP4w£3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ X)XXXXÔÔ‡ ¼@»X X)XÔò òÓ  ÓÓ  ÓGRENADAó óÔ#† X)XX» ¼@\#ÔÐ ° ÐÓŠÓÌÌò òCRC€€CRC/C/94€Ô_Ô(2000)ó óÔ_ÔÐ œì ÐÌÌ384.€€At€its€607th€to€608th€meetings€(see€CRC/C/SR.607„608),€held€on€24€January€2000,€theÐ ` ° ÐCommittee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€considered€the€initial€report€of€Grenada€(CRC/C/3/Add.55),Ð L œ Ðwhich€was€submitted€on€24€September€1997,€and€adopted*€the€following€concluding€observations.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌòòA.€IntroductionóóÐ `  ÐÌ385.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€submission€of€the€State€partyððs€initial€report€which€followed€theÐ è8  Ðestablished€guidelines€and€provided€a€critical€assessment€of€the€situation€of€children.€The€CommitteeÐ Ô$  Ðregrets€that€the€written€replies€to€its€list€of€issues€(CRC/C/Q/Ô_ÔGRENÔ_Ô/1)€were€not€received€in€advanceÐ À  Ðof€the€dialogue.€The€Committee€is€encouraged€by€the€constructive€and€open€dialogue€it€had€with€theÐ ¬ü  ÐState€party€and€welcomes€the€positive€reactions€to€the€suggestions€and€recommendations€madeÐ ˜è Ðduring€the€discussion.€The€Committee€acknowledges€that€the€presence€of€a€high„ranking€delegationÐ „Ô Ðdirectly€involved€in€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€allowed€for€a€fuller€assessment€of€theÐ pÀ Ðsituation€of€the€rights€of€children€in€the€State€party.Ð \¬ ÐÌòòB.€Positive€aspectsóóÐ 4„ ÐÌ386.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€National€Coalition€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€established€toÐ  \ Ðcoordinate,€monitor€and€evaluate€the€implementation€of€the€principles€and€provisions€of€theÐ øH ÐConvention.€The€Committee€notes€with€appreciation€that€the€National€Coalition€has€beenÐ ä4 Ðinstrumental€in€initiating€a€number€of€programmes€to€improve€the€situation€of€children€and€raiseÐ Ð  Ðpublic€awareness€about€the€Convention,€including€the€establishment€of€the€Grenada€Adoption€BoardÐ ¼  Ðin€1994,€and€the€initiation€and€drafting€of€the€Child€Protection€Act.Ð ¨ø ÐÌ387.€The€Committee€notes€the€efforts€of€the€State€party€in€the€area€of€primary€health„care€services.Ð € Ð ÐIn€particular,€it€notes€the€high€immunization€and€low€malnutrition€rates.€In€this€regard,€theÐ l!¼ ÐCommittee€also€welcomes€the€enactment€of€the€School€Children€Immunization€Act,€which€facilitatesÐ X"¨  Ðthe€immunization€of€all€children€at€the€pre„school€and€primary€school€levels.Ð D#”! ÐÔ#†X)XXX X)X=#ÔÔ‡ X)XXXX)XÔÌ388.€The€Committee€appreciates€the€State€partyððs€initiatives€in€the€school€environment.€In€thisÐ %l # Ðregard,€it€welcomes€the€establishment€of€a€school€nutrition€programme€for€children€enrolled€at€theÐ &X!$ Ðpre„school€and€primary€school€levels,€and€the€textbook€programme€established€to€help€children€fromÐ ô&D"% Ðeconomically€disadvantaged€families€to€acquire€books€and€other€relevant€learning€materials€neededÐ à'0#& Ðto€enhance€their€educational€opportunities.€The€Committee€also€notes€with€appreciation€theÐ Ì($' Ðestablishment€of€the€Programme€for€Adolescent€Mothers,€which€offers€educational€programmes,Ð ¸)%( Ðskills„training€and€child„care€services€to€pregnant€teenagers€and€teenage€mothers€who€are€no€longerÔ#†X)XXX X)X #ÔÔ‡ X)XXXX)XÔÐ ¤*ô%) Ð___________Ð +à&* Ð*€At€the€615th€meeting,€held€on€28€January€2000.Ô#†X)XXX X)Xl#ÔÔ‡ X)XXXX)XÔÐ |,Ì'+ ÐÐ h-¸(, ÐÔ_Ôin€the€school€system.€The€Committee€welcomes€the€introduction€of€Health€and€Family€LifeÐ ° ÐEducation€as€a€core€subject€in€the€primary€school€curriculum.Ð œì ÐÌòòC.€Factors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÐ tÄ ÐÌ389.€€The€Committee€acknowledges€that€the€economic€and€social€difficulties€facing€the€State€partyÐ L œ Ðhave€had€a€negative€impact€on€the€situation€of€children€and€have€impeded€the€full€implementationÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€the€Convention.€In€particular,€it€notes€the€impact€of€the€structural€adjustment€programme€and€theÐ $ t Ðincreasing€level€of€unemployment€and€poverty.€The€Committee€also€notes€the€vulnerability€of€theÐ  ` ÐState€party€to€natural€disasters,€particularly€hurricanes,€which€has€impeded€the€full€implementationÐ ü L  Ðof€the€Convention.€The€Committee€further€notes€that€the€limited€availability€of€skilled€humanÐ è 8  Ðresources,€compounded€by€the€high€rate€of€emigration,€also€adversely€affects€the€full€implementationÐ Ô$  Ðof€the€Convention.€Ð À  ÐÌòòD.€Subjects€of€concern,€suggestions€and€recommendationsÐ ˜è  ÐÌ1.€General€measures€of€implementationÐ pÀ ÐÌLegislationóóÐ H˜ ÐÌ390.€The€Committee€notes€the€recent€efforts€by€the€State€party€to€enact€additional€legislation€toÐ  p Ðensure€greater€consistency€with€the€Convention.€In€this€regard,€it€notes€the€enactment€of€the€StatusÐ  \ Ðof€the€Child€Act€(1991),€the€Maintenance€Amendment€Act€No.€54€(1991),€the€Drug€AbuseÐ øH Ð(Prevention€and€Control)€Act€No.€7€(1992),€the€Criminal€Code€(Amendment)€Act€No.€16€(1993),€theÐ ä4 ÐAdoption€(Amendment)€Act€No.€17€(1994)€and€the€Child€Protection€Act€(1998).€The€Committee€alsoÐ Ð  Ðnotes€the€intention€of€the€State€party€to€commission€a€review€of€all€legislation€relevant€to€children,Ð ¼  Ðwith€a€view€to€introducing€a€comprehensive€childrenððs€code.€The€Committee€is€concerned,€however,Ð ¨ø Ðthat€domestic€legislation€still€does€not€fully€reflect€the€principles€and€provisions€of€the€Convention.Ð ”ä ÐThe€Committee€notes€with€concern€that€the€Family€Court€Act€has€been€rescinded€and€thatÐ €Ð Ðinsufficient€efforts€have€been€made€to€introduce€adequate€alternative€measures€to€protect€andÐ l¼ Ðstrengthen€family€relations.€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€proceed,€at€the€earliestÐ X ¨ Ðpossible€opportunity,€with€its€plan€to€undertake€legislative€review€to€ensure€greater€consistency€withÐ D!” Ðthe€principles€and€provisions€of€the€Convention€and€facilitate€the€adoption€of€a€comprehensiveÐ 0"€  Ðchildrenððs€rights€code.€The€Committee€further€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€all€necessaryÐ #l! Ðmeasures€to€re„enact€the€Family€Court€Act€or€introduce€adequate€alternative€legal€measures€to€protectÐ $X" Ðand€strengthen€family€relations.€In€this€regard,€the€Committee€further€recommends€that€the€StateÐ ô$D # Ðparty€seek€technical€assistance€from,€inter€alia,€OHCHR€and€UNICEF.Ô#†X)XXX X)X#ÔÐ à%0!$ ÐÌÔ‡ X)XXXX)XÔòòData€collectionóóÐ ¸'#& ÐÌ391.€The€Committee€notes€the€State€Partyððs€participation€in€a€regional€initiative€funded€by€theÐ )à$( ÐCaribbean€Development€Bank€for€the€collection,€collation€and€publication€of€data,€based€on€socialÐ |*Ì%) Ðdevelopment€indicators,€among€the€member€countries€of€the€Organisation€of€Eastern€CaribbeanÐ h+¸&* ÐStates.€The€Committee€also€notes€the€intention€of€the€State€party€to€establish€a€central€registry€forÐ T,¤'+ Ðdata€collection€within€the€Ministry€of€Finance.€The€Committee€remains€concerned,€however,€at€theÐ @-(, Ðlack€of€a€data€collection€mechanism€in€the€State€party€to€afford€the€systematic€and€comprehensiveÐ ° Ðcollection€of€disaggregated€quantitative€and€qualitative€data€for€all€areas€covered€by€the€ConventionÐ œì Ðin€relation€to€all€groups€of€children,€in€order€to€monitor€and€evaluate€progress€achieved€and€assessÐ ˆØ Ðthe€impact€of€policies€adopted€with€respect€to€children.€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€StateÐ tÄ Ðparty€intensify€its€efforts€to€establish€a€central€registry€for€data€collection€and€introduce€aÐ `° Ðcomprehensive€system€of€data€collection€incorporating€all€the€areas€covered€by€the€Convention.€SuchÐ L œ Ða€system€should€cover€all€children€up€to€the€age€of€18€years,€with€specific€emphasis€on€those€whoÐ 8 ˆ Ðare€particularly€vulnerable,€including€children€with€disabilities;€children€living€in€poverty;€childrenÐ $ t Ðin€the€juvenile€justice€system;€children€of€single„parent€families;€sexually€abused€children;€andÐ  ` Ðinstitutionalized€children.€Ð ü L  ÐÌòòIndependent€monitoring€structuresóóÐ Ô$  ÐÌ392.€The€Committee€notes€the€State€partyððs€intention€to€establish€an€Ombudsperson.€The€CommitteeÐ ¬ü  Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€reinforce€its€efforts€to€establish€an€independent€Ombudsperson,€toÐ ˜è  Ðdeal€with€complaints€of€violations€of€the€rights€of€children€and€to€provide€remedies€for€suchÐ „Ô  Ðviolations.€The€Committee€further€suggests€that€the€State€party€introduce€an€awareness„raisingÐ pÀ Ðcampaign€to€facilitate€the€effective€use€by€children€of€such€a€mechanism.€Ð \¬ ÐÌòòAllocation€of€budgetary€resourcesóóÐ 4„ ÐÌ393.€The€Committee€notes€the€intention€of€the€State€party€to€provide€financial€and€other€assistanceÐ  \ Ðto€the€National€Coalition€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€and€to€increase€budgetary€allocations€with€regardÐ øH Ðto€some€childrenððs€programmes,€within€the€context€of€economic€growth.€€However,€the€CommitteeÐ ä4 Ðremains€concerned€that,€in€the€light€of€article€4€of€the€Convention,€not€enough€attention€has€been€paidÐ Ð  Ðto€allocating€budgetary€resources€in€favour€of€children€ð ðto€the€maximum€extent€of€ð8ð€availableÐ ¼  Ðresourcesðð.€In€the€light€of€articles€2,€3,€and€6€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€encourages€the€StateÐ ¨ø Ðparty€to€pay€particular€attention€to€the€full€implementation€of€article€4€of€the€Convention€byÐ ”ä Ðprioritizing€budgetary€allocations€to€ensure€implementation€of€the€economic,€social€and€culturalÐ €Ð Ðrights€of€children,€to€the€maximum€extent€of€available€resources€and,€where€needed,€within€theÐ l¼ Ðframework€of€international€cooperation.Ð X ¨ ÐÌòòDissemination€of€the€ConventionóóÐ 0"€  ÐÌ394.€While€recognizing€the€efforts€of€the€State€party€to€promote€awareness€of€the€principles€andÐ $X" Ðprovisions€of€the€Convention,€through€the€training€of€teachers€and€magistrates,€the€production€ofÐ ô$D # Ðprogrammes€such€as€ð ðOliviaððs€Plightðð,€the€publication€of€the€handbook€ð ðChild€Abuse€„€What€CanÐ à%0!$ ÐI€Do?ðð,€the€printing€and€distribution€of€posters€and€flyers,€as€well€as€the€production€and€broadcastingÐ Ì&"% Ðof€radio€and€television€programmes€for€and€about€children,€the€Committee€remains€concerned€thatÐ ¸'#& Ðprofessional€groups,€children,€parents€and€the€public€at€largeÔ#†X)XXX X)Xx#Ô€are€generally€not€sufficiently€aware€ofÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€Convention€and€the€rights€based€approach€enshrined€therein.€The€Committee€recommends€thatÐ )à$( Ðgreater€effort€be€made€to€ensure€that€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€are€widely€known€andÐ |*Ì%) Ðunderstood€by€adults€and€children€alike.€The€Committee€further€recommends€the€reinforcement€ofÐ h+¸&* Ðadequate€and€systematic€training€and/or€sensitization€of€professional€groups€working€with€and€forÐ T,¤'+ Ðchildren,€such€as€judges,€lawyers,€law€enforcement€personnel,€teachers,€school€administrators,€healthÐ @-(, Ðpersonnel,€including€psychologists€and€social€workers,€and€personnel€of€child„care€institutions.€TheÐ ° ÐCommittee€encourages€the€State€party€to€reinforce€its€efforts€to€raise€the€awareness€of€the€media€onÐ œì Ðthe€rights€of€the€child.€It€further€suggests€that€the€State€party€seek€to€ensure€that€the€Convention€isÐ ˆØ Ðfully€integrated€into€the€curricula€at€all€levels€of€the€educational€system.€In€this€regard,€theÐ tÄ ÐCommittee€suggests€that€the€State€party€seek€technical€assistance€from,€inter€alia,€OHCHR,€UNICEFÐ `° Ðand€UNESCO.Ð L œ ÐÌòò2.€Definition€of€the€childÐ $ t ÐÌCriminal€responsibilityóóÐ ü L  ÐÌ395.€€The€Committee€expresses€concern€regarding€the€low€legal€age€for€criminal€responsibility€(7Ð Ô$  Ðyears).€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€raise€the€legal€age€for€criminal€responsibilityÐ À  Ðto€a€more€internationally€acceptable€age,€by€reviewing€its€legislation€in€this€regard.€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌòò3.€General€principlesÐ „Ô  ÐÌNon„discriminationóóÐ \¬ ÐÌ396.€While€acknowledging€the€difficulties€that€girls€continue€to€face€in€many€areas,€the€CommitteeÐ 4„ Ðis€also€concerned€about€the€situation€of€boys,€particularly€as€regards€their€generally€ð ðlow€self„esteemððÐ  p Ðand€academic€under„achievement€in€comparison€to€that€of€girls.€The€Committee€recommends€thatÐ  \ Ðthe€State€party€undertake€a€study€on€child€rearing€practices€and€how€they€affect€boys€and€girls.€TheÐ øH ÐCommittee€further€recommends€that€the€State€party€implement€programmes€to€address€the€self„Ð ä4 Ðesteem€of€boys€and€address€discrimination€arising€from€the€socialization€of€boys€and€girls€into€rigidÐ Ð  Ðgender€roles€and€the€resulting€determination€of€family€and€social€attitudes€concerning€children€basedÐ ¼  Ðon€gender.Ð ¨ø ÐÌ397.€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€Criminal€Code€does€not€provide€boys€the€same€legalÐ €Ð Ðprotection€against€sexual€abuse€and€exploitation€as€girls.€In€this€regard,€the€Committee€notes€that€theÐ l¼ ÐCode€refers€to€the€protection€of€the€ð ðfemale€childðð€only.€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€StateÐ X ¨ Ðparty€amend€its€legislation€to€ensure€that€boys€are€provided€equal€and€adequate€protection€againstÐ D!” Ðsexual€abuse€and€exploitation.Ð 0"€  ÐÌòòRespect€for€the€views€of€the€childóóÐ $X" ÐÌ398.€€The€Committee€notes€the€intention€of€the€State€party€to€reintroduce€student€councils€in€schoolsÐ à%0!$ Ðas€a€first€step€in€encouraging€greater€acceptance€of€the€participatory€rights€of€children.€€However,€itÐ Ì&"% Ðis€concerned€that€the€full€implementation€of€article€12€of€the€Convention€continues€to€be€limited€byÐ ¸'#& Ðtraditional€practices,€culture€and€attitudes€which€promote€the€philosophy€that€ð ðchildren€should€beÐ ¤(ô#' Ðseen€and€not€heardðð€and€that€ð ðchildren€are€the€property€of€their€parentsðð.€€The€CommitteeÐ )à$( Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€seek€to€reinforce€the€necessary€infrastructure€and€develop€aÐ |*Ì%) Ðsystematic€approach€to€increasing€public€awareness€of€the€participatory€rights€of€children€andÐ h+¸&* Ðencourage€respect€for€the€views€of€the€child€within€the€family,€communities,€schools,€and€care,Ð T,¤'+ Ðadministrative€and€judicial€systems.Ð @-(, Їòò4.€Civil€rights€and€freedomsÐ ° ÐÌBirth€registrationóóÐ ˆØ ÐÌ399.€The€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€has€enacted€domestic€legislation€to€guaranteeÐ `° Ðregistration€at€birth€(the€Registration€of€Births€and€Deaths€Act),€but€is€concerned€that€some€childrenÐ L œ Ðare€still€not€registered€at€birth€and€are€not€given€a€name€until€their€baptism,€which€could€be€three€orÐ 8 ˆ Ðfour€months€after€their€birth.€In€the€light€of€articles€7€and€8€of€the€Convention,€the€CommitteeÐ $ t Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€undertake€all€necessary€measures,€including€awareness€raisingÐ  ` Ðamong€government€officers,€community€and€religious€leaders,€and€parents€themselves,€to€ensure€thatÐ ü L  Ðall€children€are€registered€and€given€a€name€at€birth.€Ð è 8  ÐÌòò5.€Family€environment€and€alternative€careÐ À  ÐÌParental€responsibilitiesóóÐ ˜è  ÐÌ400.€The€Committee€shares€the€concern€of€the€State€party€over€the€challenges€faced€by€children€asÐ pÀ Ða€result€of€changes€in€social€and€family€structures€which€lead€to€high€numbers€of€single„parentÐ \¬ Ðhouseholds€and€reduced€support€from€extended€families.€The€Committee€also€expresses€concern€atÐ H˜ Ðthe€apparent€lack€of€legal€protection€with€respect€to€the€rights,€including€maintenance€and€inheritanceÐ 4„ Ðrights,€of€children€born€out€of€wedlock€in€ð ðvisitingðð€or€ð ðcommon€lawðð€relationships.€The€CommitteeÐ  p Ðexpresses€further€concern€regarding€the€financial€and€psychological€impact€of€these€types€ofÐ  \ Ðrelationships€on€children.€The€lack€of€sufficient€support€and€counsel€in€the€areas€of€parental€guidanceÐ øH Ðand€responsibilities€are€also€matters€of€concern.€€The€State€party€is€encouraged€to€increase€its€effortsÐ ä4 Ðto€develop€family€education€and€awareness€through,€inter€alia,€providing€support,€including€trainingÐ Ð  Ðfor€parents,€especially€those€in€ð ðvisitingðð€and€ð ðcommon€lawðð€relationships,€in€parental€guidance€andÐ ¼  Ðjoint€parental€responsibilities,€in€the€light€of€article€18€of€the€Convention.€The€Committee€alsoÐ ¨ø Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€undertake€a€study€on€the€impact€(both€financial€and€psychological)Ð ”ä Ðof€ð ðvisiting€relationshipsðð€on€children.€The€Committee€further€recommends€that€the€State€party€takeÐ €Ð Ðall€necessary€measures,€including€those€of€a€legal€nature,€to€ensure€that€the€rights€of€children€bornÐ l¼ Ðof€ð ðvisitingðð€and€ð ðcommon€lawðð€relationships€are€protected.Ð X ¨ ÐÌòòProtection€of€children€deprived€of€a€family€environmentóóÐ 0"€  ÐÌ401.€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€State€party€has€not€established€and€implemented€a€codeÐ $X" Ðof€standards€for€alternative€care€institutions€for€children.€The€Committee€also€expresses€concernÐ ô$D # Ðregarding€the€absence€of€an€independent€complaint€mechanism€for€children€in€alternative€careÐ à%0!$ Ðinstitutions,€the€inadequate€review€of€their€placement€in€institutions,€as€well€as€the€lack€of€availableÐ Ì&"% Ðtrained€personnel€in€this€field.€It€is€recommended€that€the€State€party€establish€a€code€of€standardsÐ ¸'#& Ðto€ensure€adequate€care€and€protection€of€children€deprived€of€a€family€environment.€The€CommitteeÐ ¤(ô#' Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€provide€additional€training,€including€in€childrenððs€rights,€for€socialÐ )à$( Ðand€welfare€workers,€ensure€the€periodic€review€of€placements€in€institutions€and€establish€anÐ |*Ì%) Ðindependent€complaints€mechanism€for€children€in€alternative€care€institutions.Ð h+¸&* ÐÌÐ @-(, ÐòòDomestic€and€intercountry€adoptionsóóÐ ° ÐÌ402.€While€the€Committee€notes€the€recent€enactment€of€the€Adoption€(Amendment)€Act€and€theÐ ˆØ Ðappointment€of€the€Adoption€Board,€it€remains€concerned€at€the€lack€of€monitoring€with€respect€toÐ tÄ Ðboth€domestic€and€intercountry€adoptions.€The€Committee€also€expresses€its€concern€at€the€highÐ `° Ðnumber€of€intercountry€adoptions,€particularly€in€the€light€of€the€small€size€of€the€State€party.€TheÐ L œ ÐCommittee€is€also€concerned€about€the€apparent€gender€bias€in€favour€of€girls€in€the€adoptionÐ 8 ˆ Ðprocess.€In€the€light€of€article€21€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€partyÐ $ t Ðintroduce€proper€monitoring€procedures€with€respect€to€both€domestic€and€intercountry€adoptions.Ð  ` ÐThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€undertake€a€study€to€assess€the€situation€andÐ ü L  Ðdetermine€the€impact€of€intercountry€adoptions€and€determine€why€girls€are€favoured€over€boys€inÐ è 8  Ðthe€adoption€process.€Additionally,€the€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€consider€theÐ Ô$  Ðpossibility€of€acceding€to€the€1993€Hague€Convention€on€the€Protection€of€Children€and€CooperationÐ À  Ðin€Respect€of€Intercountry€Adoption.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌòòAbuse/neglect/maltreatment/violenceóóÐ „Ô  ÐÌ403.€The€Committee€welcomes€the€recent€initiatives€of€the€State€party€to€address€the€issues€of€childÐ \¬ Ðabuse€and€domestic€violence,€including€the€establishment€of€a€crisis€hotline€for€domestic€violenceÐ H˜ Ðand€child€abuse€as€well€as€the€opening€of€an€emergency€shelter€for€battered€women€and€theirÐ 4„ Ðchildren.€Additionally,€the€Committee€notes€the€efforts€of€the€State€party€to€train€teachers€and€policeÐ  p Ðofficers€and€to€sensitize€the€media€and€the€general€public€on€child€abuse.€The€Committee€furtherÐ  \ Ðnotes€the€intention€of€the€State€party€to€include€a€child€abuse€register€as€a€part€of€the€social€andÐ øH Ðeconomic€survey€which€is€scheduled€to€commence€January€2000.€The€Committee€remains€concernedÐ ä4 Ðat€the€lack€of€awareness€and€information€on€domestic€violence,€ill„treatment€and€abuse€of€children,Ð Ð  Ðincluding€sexual€abuse;€and€the€insufficient€financial€and€human€resources€allocated,€as€well€as€theÐ ¼  Ðinadequate€programmes€established€to€prevent€and€combat€these€abuses.€The€Committee€is€alsoÐ ¨ø Ðconcerned€that€insufficient€efforts€have€been€made€to€protect€the€right€to€privacy€of€child€victims€ofÐ ”ä Ðabuse.€In€the€light€of€article€19,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€undertake€studiesÐ €Ð Ðon€domestic€violence,€ill„treatment€and€sexual€abuse€in€order€to€adopt€adequate€policy€measures€andÐ l¼ Ðcontribute€to€changing€traditional€attitudes.€It€also€recommends€that€cases€of€domestic€violence,€ill„Ð X ¨ Ðtreatment€and€sexual€abuse€of€children€be€properly€investigated€within€a€child„friendly€judicialÐ D!” Ðprocedure,€and€sanctions€applied€to€perpetrators,€including€treatment,€with€due€regard€given€toÐ 0"€  Ðprotecting€the€right€to€privacy€of€the€child.€Measures€should€also€be€taken€to€ensure€the€physical€andÐ #l! Ðpsychological€recovery€and€social€reintegration€of€victims,€in€accordance€with€article€39€of€theÐ $X" ÐConvention,€and€the€prevention€of€criminalization€and€stigmatization€of€victims.€The€CommitteeÐ ô$D # Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€seek€technical€assistance€from,€inter€alia,€UNICEF.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌòòCorporal€punishmentóóÐ ¸'#& ÐÌ404.€The€Committee€expresses€grave€concern€that€corporal€punishment€is€still€widely€practised€inÐ )à$( Ðthe€State€party€and€that€domestic€legislation€does€not€prohibit€its€use.€In€this€regard,€the€CommitteeÐ |*Ì%) Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€take€all€appropriate€measures,€including€of€a€legislative€nature,€toÐ h+¸&* Ðprohibit€corporal€punishment€within€the€family,€schools,€the€juvenile€justice€and€alternative€careÐ T,¤'+ Ðsystems€and€generally€within€the€society.€It€further€suggests€that€awareness€raising€campaigns€beÐ @-(, Ðconducted€to€ensure€that€alternative€forms€of€discipline€are€administered€in€a€manner€consistent€withÐ ° Ðthe€childððs€human€dignity€and€in€conformity€with€the€Convention,€especially€article€28.2.Ð œì ÐÌòò6.€Basic€health€and€welfareÐ tÄ ÐÌRight€to€health€and€access€to€health€servicesóóÐ L œ ÐÌ405.€The€Committee€expresses€its€concern€with€respect€to€the€limited€availability€of€programmes€andÐ $ t Ðservices€and€the€lack€of€adequate€data€in€the€area€of€adolescent€health,€including€accidents,€violence,Ð  ` Ðsuicide,€mental€health,€abortion,€HIV/AIDS€and€STDs.€The€Committee€is€particularly€concerned€atÐ ü L  Ðthe€high€incidence€of€teenage€pregnancy€and€the€situation€of€teenaged€mothers,€especially€in€relationÐ è 8  Ðto€their€late€attendance€at€antenatal€clinics,€as€well€as€their€generally€poor€breast„feeding€practices.Ð Ô$  ÐThe€Committee€is€concerned€that€most€of€the€current€cases€of€infant€and€maternal€mortality€areÐ À  Ðrelated€to€teenaged€mothers.€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€increase€its€efforts€inÐ ¬ü  Ðpromoting€adolescent€health€policies€and€counselling€services,€as€well€as€strengthening€reproductiveÐ ˜è  Ðhealth€education,€including€the€promotion€of€male€acceptance€of€the€use€of€contraceptives.€TheÐ „Ô  ÐCommittee€further€suggests€that€a€comprehensive€and€multi„disciplinary€study€be€undertaken€toÐ pÀ Ðunderstand€the€scope€of€adolescent€health€problems,€including€the€special€situation€of€childrenÐ \¬ Ðinfected€with,€affected€by€or€vulnerable€to€HIV/AIDS€and€STDs.€Additionally,€it€is€recommendedÐ H˜ Ðthat€the€State€party€undertake€further€measures,€including€the€allocation€of€adequate€human€andÐ 4„ Ðfinancial€resources,€and€making€efforts€to€increase€the€number€of€social€workers€and€psychologists,Ð  p Ðto€develop€youth„friendly€care,€counselling€and€rehabilitation€facilities€for€adolescents.€TheÐ  \ ÐCommittee€also€encourages€the€State€party€to€develop€comprehensive€policies€and€programmes€toÐ øH Ðreduce€the€incidence€of€infant€and€maternal€mortality€and€promote€proper€breast„feeding€andÐ ä4 Ðweaning€practices€among€teenaged€mothers.€In€this€connection,€it€is€also€recommended€that€the€StateÐ Ð  Ðparty€consider€seeking€technical€assistance€for€the€integrated€management€of€childhood€illnesses€andÐ ¼  Ðother€measures€for€child€health€improvement€from,€inter€alia,€UNICEF€and€WHO.Ð ¨ø ÐÌòòChildren€with€disabilitiesóóÐ €Ð ÐÌ406.€While€noting€the€recent€appointment€in€the€State€party€of€a€clinical€psychologist€to€deal€withÐ X ¨ Ðthe€mental€health€of€children,€the€Committee€remains€concerned€about€the€situation€of€mental€healthÐ D!” Ðof€children.€The€Committee€expresses€its€concern€at€the€absence€of€legal€protection€and€the€lack€ofÐ 0"€  Ðadequate€facilities€and€services€for€children€with€disabilities.€The€Committee€is€also€concerned€thatÐ #l! Ðinsufficient€efforts€have€been€made€by€the€State€party€to€facilitate€the€inclusion€of€children€withÐ $X" Ðdisabilities€in€the€educational€system€and€generally€within€society.€The€Committee€notes€withÐ ô$D # Ðconcern€that€the€effectiveness€of€the€Early€Intervention€Programme€for€Children€with€DisabilitiesÐ à%0!$ Ðhas€been€impeded€by€a€lack€of€human€and€financial€resources.€In€the€light€of€the€Standard€Rules€onÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€Equalization€of€Opportunities€for€Persons€with€Disabilities€(General€Assembly€resolution€48/96)Ð ¸'#& Ðand€the€Committeeððs€recommendations€adopted€at€its€day€of€general€Discussion€on€the€Rights€ofÐ ¤(ô#' ÐChildren€with€Disabilities€(see€CRC/C/69),€it€is€recommended€that€the€State€party€develop€earlyÐ )à$( Ðidentification€programmes€to€prevent€disabilities,€increase€its€efforts€to€implement€alternatives€to€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðinstitutionalization€of€children€with€disabilities,€establish€special€education€programmes€for€childrenÐ h+¸&* Ðwith€disabilities€and€further€encourage€their€inclusion€in€society.€The€Committee€recommends€thatÐ T,¤'+ Ðthe€State€party€take€all€appropriate€measures€to€ensure€that€adequate€resources€are€allocated€for€theÐ @-(, Ðeffective€implementation€of€the€Early€Intervention€Programme€for€Children€with€Disabilities.€TheÐ ° ÐCommittee€recommends€that€the€State€party€undertake€a€study€on€the€situation€of€mental€health€withÐ œì Ða€view€to€addressing€this€increasing€concern.€Further,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€StateÐ ˆØ Ðparty€undertake€an€awareness€raising€campaign€to€sensitize€the€public€to€the€rights€and€special€needsÐ tÄ Ðof€children€with€disabilities€as€well€as€children€with€mental€health€concerns.€The€Committee€furtherÐ `° Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€seek€technical€cooperation€for€the€training€of€professional€staffÐ L œ Ðworking€with€and€for€children€with€disabilities€from,€inter€alia,€WHO.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌòòEnvironmental€healthóóÐ  ` ÐÌ407.€While€noting€the€State€partyððs€intention€to€improve€the€situation€of€environmental€healthÐ è 8  Ðservices€through,€inter€alia,€the€establishment€of€a€Solid€Waste€Management€Authority€and€theÐ Ô$  Ðexpansion€of€the€collection€areas€from€55€per€cent€to€approximately€95€per€cent,€the€CommitteeÐ À  Ðremains€concerned€at€the€poor€environmental€health€conditions.€In€this€connection,€the€CommitteeÐ ¬ü  Ðnotes€the€continued€widespread€use€of€pit„latrines,€increasing€sea€pollution,€and€the€inadequate€solidÐ ˜è  Ðwaste€disposal€programme.€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€intensify€its€efforts€toÐ „Ô  Ðaddress€environmental€health€concerns,€particularly€as€regards€solid€waste€management.Ð pÀ ÐÌòò7.€Education,€leisure€and€cultural€activitiesÐ H˜ ÐÌRight€to€and€aims€of€educationóóÐ  p ÐÌ408.€While€recognizing€the€efforts€made€by€the€State€party€in€the€area€of€education,€the€CommitteeÐ øH Ðremains€concerned€with€the€high€incidence€of€truancy€(in€particular€for€boys),€limited€access€toÐ ä4 Ðsecondary€education,€lack€of€relevant€learning€material,€insufficient€numbers€of€trained€qualifiedÐ Ð  Ðteachers,€and€the€tendency€towards€the€use€of€teaching€methods€that€are€almost€exclusivelyÐ ¼  Ðexamination€oriented.€Concern€is€also€expressed€at€the€increasing€incidence€of€violence€amongÐ ¨ø Ðstudents.€The€Committee€notes€with€concern€that€insufficient€resources€have€been€allocated€to€ensureÐ ”ä Ðthe€sustainability€of€the€school€nutrition€programme.€The€Committee€is€also€concerned€about€the€lackÐ €Ð Ðof€health€and€counselling€services€in€schools.€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€partyÐ l¼ Ðreview€its€educational€programme€with€a€view€to€improving€its€quality€and€relevance€and€ensuringÐ X ¨ Ðthat€students€are€taught€an€adequate€mix€of€academic€subjects€and€life€skills,€includingÐ D!” Ðcommunication,€decision„making€and€conflict€resolution€skills.€The€Committee€recommends€thatÐ 0"€  Ðthe€State€party€take€all€appropriate€measures€to€increase€access€to€secondary€education.€TheÐ #l! ÐCommittee€further€recommends€that€the€State€party€seek€to€implement€additional€measures€toÐ $X" Ðencourage€children,€especially€boys,€to€stay€in€school,€particularly€during€the€period€of€compulsoryÐ ô$D # Ðeducation.€In€this€regard,€the€Committee€urges€the€State€party€to€take€all€necessary€measures€toÐ à%0!$ Ðensure€that€adequate€resources€are€allocated€to€the€school€nutrition€programme€and€that€adequateÐ Ì&"% Ðhealth€and€counselling€services€be€made€available€in€schools.€It€is€also€recommended€that€the€StateÐ ¸'#& Ðparty€seek€to€strengthen€its€educational€system€through€closer€cooperation€with€UNICEF€andÐ ¤(ô#' ÐUNESCO.Ð )à$( ÐÔ‡ X)XXXX)XÔÌòò8.€Special€protection€measuresÐ h+¸&* ÐÌEconomic€exploitationóóÐ @-(, Ї409.€The€Committee€welcomes€the€State€partyððs€willingness€to€consider€the€ratification€of€ILOÐ ° ÐConvention€No.€138€concerning€Minimum€Age€for€Admission€to€Employment€and€to€increase€theÐ œì Ðlegal€minimum€age€for€employment€from€14€to€15€years.€In€the€light€of€the€current€economicÐ ˆØ Ðsituation€in€the€State€party€and€the€high€truancy€and€drop„out€rates,€particularly€among€males,€theÐ tÄ ÐCommittee€is€concerned€about€the€lack€of€information€and€adequate€data€on€the€situation€of€childÐ `° Ðlabour€and€economic€exploitation€in€the€State€party.€The€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€toÐ L œ Ðintroduce€monitoring€mechanisms€to€ensure€the€enforcement€of€labour€laws€and€protect€childrenÐ 8 ˆ Ðfrom€economic€exploitation,€particularly€in€the€informal€sector.€It€is€further€recommended€that€theÐ $ t ÐState€party€undertake€a€comprehensive€study€to€assess€the€situation€of€child€labour.€The€CommitteeÐ  ` Ðencourages€the€State€party€to€consider€ratifying€ILO€Convention€No.€138€concerning€Minimum€AgeÐ ü L  Ðfor€Admission€to€Employment€and€Convention€No.€182€concerning€the€Prohibition€and€ImmediateÐ è 8  ÐAction€for€the€Elimination€of€the€Worst€Forms€of€Child€Labour.Ð Ô$  ÐÌòòDrug€AbuseóóÐ ¬ü  ÐÌ410.€The€Committees€notes€the€efforts€of€the€State€party€at€both€the€national€and€regional€levelsÐ „Ô  Ðregarding€drug€demand€reduction€and€narcotics€control.€However,€the€Committee€remains€concernedÐ pÀ Ðat€the€high€incidence€of€alcohol€and€substance€abuse€among€youth€and€the€limited€psychological,Ð \¬ Ðsocial€and€medical€programmes€and€services€available€in€this€regard.€In€the€light€of€article€33€of€theÐ H˜ ÐConvention,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€all€appropriate€measures,€includingÐ 4„ Ðadministrative,€social€and€educational€measures,€to€protect€children€from€the€illicit€use€of€alcohol,Ð  p Ðnarcotic€drugs€and€psychotropic€substances€and€to€prevent€the€use€of€children€in€the€illicit€productionÐ  \ Ðand€trafficking€of€such€substances.€It€encourages€the€State€party€to€support€rehabilitation€programmesÐ øH Ðfor€child€victims€of€alcohol,€drug€and€substance€abuse.€In€this€regard,€the€Committee€encourages€theÐ ä4 ÐState€party€to€consider€seeking€technical€assistance€from,€inter€alia,€UNICEF€and€WHO.Ð Ð  ÐÌòòAdministration€of€juvenile€justiceóóÐ ¨ø ÐÌ411.€While€the€Committee€notes€the€State€partyððs€intention€to€establish€a€juvenile€justice€system,€itÐ €Ð Ðis€concerned€about:Ð l¼ ÐÌ(a)€The€lack€of€efficient€and€effective€administration€of€juvenile€justice€and€in€particular€its€lack€ofÐ D!” Ðcompatibility€with€the€Convention,€as€well€as€other€relevant€United€Nations€standards;Ð 0"€  ÐÌ(b)€The€length€of€time€before€the€hearing€of€juvenile€cases€and€the€apparent€lack€of€confidentialityÐ $X" Ðaccorded€to€such€cases;Ð ô$D # ÐÌ(c)€The€holding€of€minors€in€adult€detention€facilities,€the€lack€of€adequate€facilities€for€children€inÐ Ì&"% Ðconflict€with€the€law€and€the€limited€numbers€of€trained€personnel€to€work€with€children€in€thisÐ ¸'#& Ðregard.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÔ#†X)XXX X)X0€#ÔÌÔ‡ X)XXXX)XÔ412.€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ(a)€Take€additional€steps€to€implement€a€juvenile€justice€system€in€conformity€with€the€Convention,Ð T,¤'+ Ðin€particular€articles€37,€40€and€39,€and€of€other€United€Nations€standards€in€this€field,€such€as€theÐ @-(, ÐUnited€Nations€Standard€Minimum€Rules€for€the€Administration€of€Juvenile€Justice€(the€BeijingÐ ° ÐRules),€the€United€Nations€Guidelines€for€the€Prevention€of€Juvenile€Delinquency€(the€RiyadhÐ œì ÐGuidelines)€and€the€United€Nations€Rules€for€the€Protection€of€Juveniles€Deprived€of€their€Liberty;Ð ˆØ ÐÌ(b)€Use€deprivation€of€liberty€only€as€a€measure€of€last€resort€and€for€the€shortest€possible€period€ofÐ `° Ðtime;€protect€the€rights€of€children€deprived€of€their€liberty,€including€the€right€to€privacy;€ensure€thatÐ L œ Ðchildren€remain€in€contact€with€their€families€while€in€the€juvenile€justice€system;€and€prohibit€andÐ 8 ˆ Ðeradicate€the€use€of€corporal€punishment€(whipping)€in€the€juvenile€justice€system;Ð $ t ÐÌ(c)€Introduce€training€programmes€on€relevant€international€standards€for€all€professionals€involvedÐ ü L  Ðwith€the€system€of€juvenile€justice;Ð è 8  ÐÌ(d)€Consider€seeking€technical€assistance€from,€inter€alia,€the€OHCHR,€the€Centre€for€InternationalÐ À  ÐCrime€Prevention,€the€International€Network€on€Juvenile€Justice€and€UNICEF,€through€theÐ ¬ü  ÐCoordination€Panel€on€Technical€Advice€in€Juvenile€Justice.Ð ˜è  ÐÌòò9.€Dissemination€of€the€report,€written€answers€and€concluding€observationsóóÐ pÀ ÐÌ413.€Finally,€the€Committee€recommends€that,€In€the€light€of€article€44,€paragraph€6,€of€theÐ H˜ ÐConvention,€the€initial€report€and€written€replies€submitted€by€the€State€party€be€made€widelyÐ 4„ Ðavailable€to€the€public€at€large€and€that€the€publication€of€the€report€be€considered,€along€with€theÐ  p Ðrelevant€summary€records€and€the€concluding€observations€adopted€thereon€by€the€Committee.€SuchÐ  \ Ða€document€should€be€widely€distributed€in€order€to€generate€debate€and€awareness€of€theÐ øH ÐConvention€and€its€implementation€and€monitoring€within€the€Government€and€the€general€public,Ð ä4 Ðincluding€NGOs.Ð Ð  ÐÌÔ#†X)XXX X)XrŽ#Ô