ÿWPCg0 Èä®'13ð©SJ½ÚÝÇ »’I ¼ñ/ }i݈¹?Cj¼à’A+¾â“**Yîô©Þ-à ¨è»HÅ4͵@©‡CvVÛš¿e!€œÛ´mH"’3Qädl&Йë32Ã88–ÃL ¥'ëòV˜øGúØ6òóªsY pöÕÿèoìySˆ8 JLŸj‘Ô†!æ+]Ëg;qtÌõæb:ÊúŽH¯bûupºµ¶˜ûI§dH…aY7éÙHe×9iˆ|¿i„î]s[QW¹QNüý¤z@ߎVñ?ŽJz€´Í<Ÿ¥ñ€Ç«øe¤ÜÆ+LtωÖAf»ö=‹á¸Û=P0š/71ÂYý¹ …_|®K dãoÓ•ëïê“ÿ¢JG@2‚ÌÇÀXƒëd´$ Þ/p°°¬8®öެ¸w/Ȫ³Í zƒ¼CœÞ!H›Òv š,¼z¢«vö! ”µÅœ§k™Œè¨‰_v£UþLãkøèâ0„7ßM ègaÁx4Aé‰3r¬÷¡92Õ„öh—äQSì y¡a¡’nL3“fÛG³µÓ÷ቆòž8Ô Û‰P+º Qù9%ôeA[cÁÆ·ÁÊ*ÿeTÑÍ™u¥8J#Á UNÍ % 0:! 0ô[ 0ñO 0î@ 0ë. 0è 0å 0âæ 0ßÈ 0ܧ 0⃠0ße 0ÜD 0Ù  0Öù 0ÓÏ 0Т 0Ír 0Ê? 0á  0Þê 0ÛÈ 0Ø£ 0Õ{ 0ÒP 0Ï" 0Ìñ 0ɽ 00† 0<¶ 0¾ò 0>° 0vî 0`d! 0`Ä! 0`$" 0`„" 0`ä" 08D# 0Ò|# 02N$ 0ü€$ 0:|% 0Y¶% 0_& 0 n& 0jx' 0„â( B*f* D/* D+¿* 0„ê* D/n, 0Î, 06k- 0¡- 0:©. 0^ã. 0<A/U6}/U>³/U*ñ/ñ/ñ/^ 0w'04+0?0N0 mP0˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ô2J+M ÿÿ0_level1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ2( ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 2ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2G+M ÿÿ0_level2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2D+M ÿÿ0_level3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ 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`‹&Times New RomanSÔ4ÿÿ2Variableòòóó: ÿÿ8HTML MarkupÔB  ÔÔ ÿ ÔÔ  Ô2 ÿÿ0CommentÔB  Ô<þ6X9`(‹Courier Newô\  `‹&Times New Roman%ä2¼A`‹ArialU¥œ- eû*¹‰‚®¼¬£3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òÌHUMAN€RIGHTS€COMMITTEEÐ œì ÐÌòòÔ_ÔBorisenkoÔ_Ô€v.€HungaryóóÐ tÄ ÐÌCommunication€No.€852/1999Ð L œ ÐÌÔ‡@Xì`XXXÔ14€October€2002Ð $ t ÐÌÔ_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/76/D/852/1999Ð ü L  ÐÌÌVIEWSó óÐ À  ÐÌÌòòòòSubmitted€byóó:€Mr.€Ô_ÔRostislavÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBorisenkoÔ_ԀР„Ô  ÐÌòòAlleged€victimóó:€The€author€Ð \¬ ÐÌòòState€partyóó:€Hungary€Ð 4„ ÐÌòòDate€of€communicationóó:€2€August€1997€(initial€submission)óóÐ  \ ÐÌÌòòThe€Human€Rights€Committeeóó,€established€under€article€28€of€the€International€Covenant€onÐ Ð  ÐCivil€and€Political€Rights,€Ð ¼  ÐÌòòMeetingóó€on€14€October€2002,Ð ”ä ÐÌòòHaving€concludedóó€its€consideration€of€communication€No.€852/1999,€submitted€to€the€HumanÐ l¼ ÐRights€Committee€by€Mr.€Ô_ÔRostislavÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBorisenkoÔ_Ô€under€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€InternationalÐ X ¨ ÐCovenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,Ð D!” ÐÌòòHaving€taken€into€accountóó€all€written€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€author€of€theÐ #l! Ðcommunication,€and€the€State€party,Ð $X" ÐÌòòAdopts€the€followingóó:Ð à%0!$ ÐÌÌò òÓ  ÓViews€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocoló óÐ ¤(ô#' ÐÓÓÓ  ÓÌ1.€€The€author€of€the€communication€is€Mr.€Ô_ÔRostislavÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBorisenkoÔ_Ô,€a€Ukranian€citizen,€currentlyÐ |*Ì%) Ðresiding€in€the€Ukraine.€He€claims€to€be€a€victim€of€violations€by€the€Republic€of€Hungary€of€theÐ h+¸&* ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€The€communication€appears€to€raise€issuesÐ T,¤'+ Ðunder€articles€7,€9,€paragraphs€1,€2,€and€3,€13,€14,€paragraphs€2€and€3€(c),€(e)€and€(g)€and€17€of€theÐ @-(, ÐCovenant.€He€is€not€represented€by€counsel.Ð ° ÐÌò òòòThe€facts€as€submitted€by€the€authoró óóóÐ ˆØ ÐÌ2.1€€On€29€April€1996,€the€author€and€his€friend,€Mr.€Ô_ÔKuspishÔ_Ô€arrived€in€Budapest.€They€were€at€theÐ `° Ðtime€en€route€from€Belgrade€where,€as€members€of€the€Ô_ÔSamboÔ_Ô€Wrestling€National€Team€of€theÐ L œ ÐUkraine,€they€had€taken€part€in€a€wrestling€competition,€and€were€on€their€way€back€to€the€Ukraine.Ð 8 ˆ ÐLater€that€day,€they€lost€their€way€and€asked€a€travel€agent€where€the€metro€station€was€located.Ð $ t ÐBecause€they€were€late€for€their€train,€they€ran€to€the€metro€station.€At€this€point,€they€were€stoppedÐ  ` Ðby€three€policemen€in€civilian€clothing.€The€police€suspected€them€of€pick„ÓÓpocketing.€They€ill„ÓÓtreatedÐ ü L  Ðthe€author€and€his€friend€by€"tightening€handcuffs€and€striking€our€heads€against€metal€booths€whenÐ è 8  Ðwe€attempted€to€speak".€They€were€interrogated€for€three€hours€at€the€police€station.Ð Ô$  ÐÌ2.2€€On€30€April€1996,€the€author€and€his€friend€were€charged€with€theft.€Although€the€charge€wasÐ ¬ü  Ðnot€translated€from€Hungarian€they€were€provided€with€an€interpreter.€Mr.€Ô_ÔKuspishÔ_Ô€signed€theÐ ˜è  Ðinvestigation€report€but€the€author€refused€to€do€so€without€the€presence€of€a€lawyer€and€withoutÐ „Ô  Ðincluding€his€version€of€the€facts€of€the€incident.€The€author€and€his€friend€lodged€complaints€againstÐ pÀ Ðtheir€arrest€and€interrogation.€On€1€May€1996,€in€a€written€decision,€the€public€prosecutor€rejectedÐ \¬ Ðthese€complaints,€having€reviewed€the€legality€of€the€arrest€and€detention.Ð H˜ ÐÌ2.3€€On€2€May€1996€the€author€and€his€friend€were€brought€before€the€Ô_ÔPeschtÔ_Ô€Central€District€CourtÐ  p Ðfor€the€purpose€of€deciding€whether€they€should€be€remanded€in€custody.€The€court€decided€to€detainÐ  \ Ðthem€due€to€the€risk€of€flight.€During€the€police€interrogation,€the€hearing€on€detention€and€theÐ øH Ðdetention€itself,€the€author€and€his€friend€were€not€allowed€to€contact€their€Embassy,€families,Ð ä4 Ðlawyers€or€sports€organization.€On€7€May€1996,€the€police€authorities€completed€the€investigationÐ Ð  Ðand€referred€the€case€to€the€public€prosecutor's€office.Ð ¼  ÐÌ2.4€€On€15€May€1996,€and€at€the€request€of€the€Ukrainian€Embassy,€the€public€prosecutor€terminatedÐ ”ä Ðthe€author€and€his€friend's€detention.€On€the€same€date,€the€immigration€authorities€ordered€theÐ €Ð Ðauthor€and€his€friend€expelled€from€Hungary€prohibiting€their€re„ÓÓentry€and€stay€in€the€country€for€fiveÐ l¼ Ðyears.€On€requesting€the€police€officers€whether€they€could€challenge€the€expulsion€order,€they€wereÐ X ¨ Ðinformed,€through€an€interpreter€representing€the€Ukranian€Embassy,€that€it€was€not€possible€toÐ D!” Ðappeal.€At€the€same€time,€the€author€and€his€friend€unknowingly€signed€a€waiver€of€their€right€toÐ 0"€  Ðappeal.òò1óó/€€A€translation€of€the€expulsion€order€was€not€provided.€It€was€only€when€the€author€andÐ #l! Ðhis€friend€returned€to€the€Ukraine€and€saw€an€English€translation€of€the€order€that€they€became€awareÐ $X" Ðthat€it€would€have€been€possible€to€appeal€against€the€expulsion€order€and€that€they€had€unwittinglyÐ ô$D # Ðwaived€their€right€to€appeal.€Upon€guarantees€offered€by€the€Ukranian€Embassy€that€the€author€andÐ à%0!$ Ðhis€friend€would€comply€within€a€prescribed€time€to€leave€the€Republic€of€Hungary,€they€were€notÐ Ì&"% Ðdeported.€The€author€and€his€friend€left€the€country€on€16€May€1996.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌ2.5€€On€3€July€1996,€after€reprimanding€the€author€and€his€friend€under€section€71€of€the€HungarianÐ )à$( ÐCode€of€Criminal€Procedure,€the€public€prosecutor's€office€discontinued€its€investigations€underÐ |*Ì%) Ðsection€139€òò2óó/€of€the€Code€as€"their€conduct€ceased€to€be€punishable".òò3óó/Ð h+¸&* ÐÌ2.6€€On€17€November€1996,€the€author€and€his€friend€lodged€a€complaint€against€this€decisionÐ @-(, Ðrequesting€an€acknowledgment€of€their€innocence€and€claiming€that€they€were€maltreated€by€theÐ ° Ðinvestigating€police.€On€12€June€1997,€and€on€the€basis€of€the€author€and€his€friend's€complaint,€theÐ œì ÐMunicipal€Chief€Public€Prosecution's€Office€quashed€the€decision€of€3€July€1996€and€instructed€theÐ ˆØ ÐDistrict€Public€Prosecution's€office€to€continue€proceedings.€Ð tÄ ÐÌ2.7€€On€28€May€1998,€the€case€file€was€sent€to€the€Ukrainian€authorities€so€that€the€case€could€beÐ L œ Ðconducted€in€the€Ukraine.€On€13€November€1998,€the€author€was€informed€by€the€UkrainianÐ 8 ˆ ÐMinistry€of€Foreign€Affairs€that,€on€the€basis€of€the€information€before€it,€the€Ukrainian€authoritiesÐ $ t Ðdid€not€intend€to€institute€criminal€proceedings€against€the€author€and€his€friend.Ð  ` ÐÌ2.8€€The€Hungarian€authorities€investigated€the€author€and€his€friend's€complaints€against€the€policeÐ è 8  Ðand€in€a€decision,€dated€30€October€1998,€the€investigation€was€discontinued.€Although€the€authorÐ Ô$  Ðchallenged€this€decision,€he€did€not€receive€a€response€from€the€authorities.Ð À  ÐÌò òòòThe€complaintó óóóÐ ˜è  ÐÌ3.1€€The€author€complains€that€his€rights€were€violated€as€he€was€arrested€and€charged€without€anyÐ pÀ Ðproof€of€being€involved€in€criminal€activity€and€was€ill„ÓÓtreated€by€police€on€arrest.€He€claims€thatÐ \¬ Ðhe€did€not€understand€what€he€was€being€charged€with€and€that€the€charge€itself€was€not€translated.Ð H˜ ÐHe€also€claims€a€violation€of€the€Covenant,€for€having€been€detained€for€over€two€weeks€withoutÐ 4„ Ðtrial.Ð  p ÐÌ3.2€€The€author€complains€that€the€State€party€has€violated€the€Covenant,€as€he€was€unlawfullyÐ øH Ðexpelled€and€denied€the€possibility€of€review.€He€claims€that€the€law€dealing€with€expulsion€statesÐ ä4 Ðthat€the€entry€of€a€foreigner€may€be€prohibited€if€he/she€commits€a€premeditated€crime,€for€whichÐ Ð  Ðhe/she€is€sentenced€to€more€than€five€years€of€imprisonment.€In€this€case,€the€author€was€onlyÐ ¼  Ðcharged€with€a€crime€for€which€the€maximum€possible€sentence€is€two€years.€In€addition,€he€claimsÐ ¨ø Ðthat€the€police€deceived€him€on€serving€the€deportation€order€on€him,€as€they€claimed€incorrectly€thatÐ ”ä Ðhe€had€no€right€to€appeal.€Ð €Ð ÐÌ3.3€€The€author€claims€a€violation€of€the€Covenant€as€he€was€not€tried€"without€undue€delay",€andÐ X ¨ Ðbecause€an€important€witness€to€the€incident€was€not€called€for€the€detention€hearing.Ð D!” ÐÌ3.4€€The€author€also€claims€a€violation€of€the€Covenant€as,€although€he€made€numerous€requests€forÐ #l! Ða€lawyer,€one€was€not€made€available€to€him€and€he€was€refused€contact€with€his€friends€andÐ $X" ÐEmbassy,€from€the€time€of€his€arrest€to€his€release€from€detention.€Ð ô$D # ÐÌ3.5€€Finally€the€author€claims€a€violation€of€the€Covenant,€as€due€to€his€detention€he€could€not€takeÐ Ì&"% Ðpart€in€the€Judo€European€rating€championship€nor€participate€in€the€Olympic€Games.€Also,€as€aÐ ¸'#& Ðdirector€in€a€law€firm,€he€incurred€loss€of€reputation€as€well€as€clients.€He€also€lost€his€"sportsÐ ¤(ô#' Ðqualification"€and€was€looked€upon€badly€by€the€members€of€the€Ô_ÔSamboÔ_Ô€Wrestling€Club€of€theÐ )à$( ÐUkraine,€family€and€friends.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌò òòòState€party's€submission€on€the€admissibility€and€merits€of€the€communicationó óóóÐ T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð4.1€€By€letter€of€19€April€1999,€the€State€party€made€its€submission€on€the€admissibility€and€meritsÐ ° Ðof€the€communication.€It€contests€the€author's€version€of€the€events€leading€to€the€author's€arrest€andÐ œì Ðpresents€them€as€follows.€On€29€April€1996,€in€Budapest,€three€plainclothes€policemen€saw€two€menÐ ˆØ Ðin€a€tram,€one€asking€a€woman€a€question€while€the€other€unzipped€her€handbag€and€put€his€hand€intoÐ tÄ Ðher€bag.€When€the€policemen€signalled€to€the€woman€what€was€going€on€the€two€men€suddenlyÐ `° Ðjumped€off€the€tram.€The€woman€told€the€policemen€that€although€she€had€a€purse€in€a€different€partÐ L œ Ðof€her€bag,€she€only€had€papers€in€the€part€into€which€one€of€the€men€put€his€hand.€Having€got€offÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€tram€at€the€next€stop,€the€policemen€caught€the€two€men,€handcuffed€them€by€physical€force€andÐ $ t Ðtook€them€to€the€police€station.€Through€an€interpreter€the€order€for€arrest€was€communicated€toÐ  ` Ðthem€against€which€they€both€lodged€a€complaint.Ð ü L  ÐÌ4.2€€On€30€April€1996,€the€author€and€his€friend€were€charged€by€the€police€with€attempted€theft€andÐ Ô$  Ðinformed€of€the€charges€by€an€interpreter.€The€investigating€authorities€ordered€a€defence€counselÐ À  Ðfor€each€alleged€victim.€The€defence€counsel€failed€to€appear€either€at€the€police€interrogation€or€theÐ ¬ü  Ðdetention€hearing.€They€appeared€only€at€the€"presentation€of€the€files"€when€the€investigations€wereÐ ˜è  Ðclosed€by€the€police€and€the€case€was€referred€to€the€prosecution's€office.Ð „Ô  ÐÌ4.3€€On€admissibility,€the€State€party€submits€that€the€author's€claim€of€a€violation€of€article€13€isÐ \¬ Ðinadmissible€for€failure€to€exhaust€domestic€remedies.€When€the€order€for€expulsion€wasÐ H˜ Ðcommunicated€to€the€author,€through€an€interpreter,€he€was€also€informed€of€the€fact€that€the€decisionÐ 4„ Ðwas€subject€to€appeal€but€that€the€appeal€did€not€have€suspensive€effect€for€the€execution€of€theÐ  p Ðdecision.€As€he€failed€to€exercise€his€right€to€appeal,€he€prevented€the€State€from€the€opportunity€ofÐ  \ Ðfully€inquiring€and€redressing€any€alleged€violations.€The€State€party€also€submits€that€if€the€authorÐ øH Ðhad€been€unsuccessful€in€his€appeal€he€could€have€then€sought€judicial€review€of€this€decision.€OnÐ ä4 Ðthe€author's€claim€that€he€had€been€deceived€on€the€possibility€of€appealing€the€expulsion€order,€theÐ Ð  ÐState€party€submits€that€the€author€never€brought€this€issue€to€the€attention€of€the€authorities€and,Ð ¼  Ðconsidering€the€presence€of€a€representative€from€the€Ukrainian€Embassy€during€this€incident,€suchÐ ¨ø Ða€complaint€would€have€been€easy€to€substantiate.Ð ”ä ÐÌ4.4€€On€the€complaint€that€from€the€time€of€arrest€to€his€release€from€detention,€the€HungarianÐ l¼ Ðauthorities€prevented€the€author€from€making€contact€with€a€lawyer,€friends€or€his€Embassy,€the€StateÐ X ¨ Ðparty€submits€that€this€allegation€is€similarly€inadmissible€for€failure€to€exhaust€domestic€remedies.Ð D!” ÐAccording€to€the€State€party,€the€author€could€have€lodged€a€complaint€in€the€same€way€as€he€didÐ 0"€  Ðagainst€his€arrest€and€interrogation.€Ð #l! ÐÌ4.5€€With€respect€to€the€allegations€of€violations€of€article€14,€the€State€party€submits€that€theseÐ ô$D # Ðallegations€are€inadmissible€Ô_ÔrationeÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔmateriaeÔ_Ô,€as€the€author€was€not€arraigned€by€the€HungarianÐ à%0!$ Ðauthorities€and€the€only€issue€considered€in€court€was€the€order€for€detention€on€remand.€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ4.6€€On€the€merits,€the€State€party€contests€that€there€has€been€a€violation€of€article€9€of€theÐ ¤(ô#' ÐCovenant.€It€submits€that€upon€arrest€the€author€was€informed,€through€his€interpreter,€of€the€reasonsÐ )à$( Ðfor€his€arrest€and€was€brought€before€a€court€within€three€days.€At€the€detention€hearing€the€courtÐ |*Ì%) Ðconsidered,€in€a€procedure€established€by€law,€whether€there€was€a€"reasonable€suspicion"€that€anÐ h+¸&* Ðoffence€had€been€committed€by€the€author.€On€the€basis€of€the€evidence€presented€the€court€foundÐ T,¤'+ Ðthat€such€suspicion€existed.€According€to€the€State€party,€the€author€was€detained€as€he€had€no€placeÐ @-(, Ðof€residence€in€Hungary€and€in€the€opinion€of€the€court€was€likely€to€abscond.€In€addition,€the€courtÐ ° Ðfound€that€because€of€the€nature€of€the€offence€with€which€he€was€charged€there€was€a€fear€ofÐ œì Ðrecidivism.€The€State€party€also€submits€that€the€duration€of€the€author's€detention€did€not€exceedÐ ˆØ Ða€reasonable€time.Ð tÄ ÐÌ4.7€€The€State€party€also€adds€that€the€author's€complaint€about€ill„ÓÓtreatment€received€at€the€handsÐ L œ Ðof€the€police,€which€relates€to€the€question€of€the€lawfulness€of€the€arrest,€was€investigated€by€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðpublic€prosecutor's€office.€The€State€party€submits€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔKuspishÔ_Ô's€statement€was€taken€fromÐ $ t Ðwhich€it€was€established€that€the€allegations€were€ill„ÓÓfounded€and,€except€for€the€handcuffing,€noÐ  ` Ðviolence€had€been€used.€According€to€the€State€party,€the€Hungarian€authorities€could€not€examineÐ ü L  Ðthe€author's€statement,€as€his€place€of€residence€was€unknown€even€to€the€Ukrainian€authorities€andÐ è 8  Ðhe€could€not€be€contacted.€In€sum,€it€is€the€State€party's€view€that€all€the€requirements€of€the€rightsÐ Ô$  Ðprotected€under€article€9€were€complied€with.€Ð À  ÐÌ4.8€€In€the€event€that€the€Committee€decides€that€the€allegation€of€a€violation€of€article€13€isÐ ˜è  Ðadmissible,€the€State€party€submits€that€there€has€been€no€violation€of€article€13€as€section€23,Ð „Ô  Ðparagraph€2,€of€the€Aliens€Act€provides€that€prohibition€of€entry€and€stay€in€the€country€may€beÐ pÀ Ðimposed€in€respect€of€foreign€nationals€whose€entry€or€stay€may€injure€or€jeopardize€public€safety.Ð \¬ ÐIt€was€believed€that€the€author's€stay€in€the€Republic€of€Hungary€would€so€jeopardize€public€safetyÐ H˜ Ðdue€to€the€pick„ÓÓpocketing€charge€and€was,€therefore,€lawful.Ð 4„ ÐÌò òòòComments€by€the€authoró óóóÐ  \ ÐÌ5.1€€By€letter,€of€1€July€1999,€the€author€responded€to€the€State€party's€submission.€On€the€issue€ofÐ ä4 Ðthe€expulsion€order,€the€author€affirms€that€he€did€lodge€a€complaint€against€the€police€for€deceivingÐ Ð  Ðhim€on€the€possibility€of€an€appeal,€to€the€"Procurator„ÓÓGeneral"€prior€to€his€departure€from€HungaryÐ ¼  Ðand€through€the€Consular€Section€of€the€Ukrainian€Embassy.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌ5.2€€On€the€State€party's€argument€that€he€failed€to€exhaust€domestic€remedies€by€not€making€aÐ €Ð Ðcomplaint€about€the€State€party's€refusal€to€allow€him€to€contact€his€lawyer,€Embassy€or€friends,€theÐ l¼ Ðauthor€states€that€he€had€no€opportunity€to€make€such€a€complaint.Ð X ¨ ÐÌ5.3€€With€respect€to€the€State€party's€argument€on€the€failure€to€take€a€further€statement€from€theÐ 0"€  Ðauthor€on€ill„ÓÓtreatment€by€the€police,€the€author€submits€that€he€did€provide€such€evidence,€havingÐ #l! Ðreceived€documents€sent€from€the€Office€of€the€Procurator„ÓÓGeneral€of€the€Republic€of€Hungary,€onÐ $X" Ð10€March€1998,€through€the€Procurator„ÓÓGeneral€of€the€Republic€of€the€Ukraine.€The€authorÐ ô$D # Ðresponded€to€questions€posed€by€the€Hungarian€authorities€and€provided€them€with€a€statement€ofÐ à%0!$ Ðhis€version€of€the€treatment€received.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ5.4€€With€respect€to€the€State€party's€argument€that€the€author's€stay€in€Hungary€would€jeopardizeÐ ¤(ô#' Ðpublic€safety,€the€author€questions€how€the€State€party€arrived€at€this€conclusion€considering€the€factÐ )à$( Ðthat€he€had€not€been€convicted€of€any€offence.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ5.5€€The€author€confirms€that€a€lawyer€appeared€on€his€behalf€at€the€"presentation€of€the€files"€whenÐ T,¤'+ Ðthe€investigation€was€complete,€but€says€that€one€lawyer€was€allocated€for€both€alleged€victims€andÐ @-(, Ðthat€neither€of€them€were€given€an€opportunity€to€talk€to€him.Ð ° ÐÌ5.6€€The€author€makes€the€following€new€claims€in€relation€to€his€case.€Firstly,€that€the€State€partyÐ ˆØ Ðviolated€article€14,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Covenant,€as€the€author's€expulsion€from€Hungary€on€the€basisÐ tÄ Ðof€a€charge€of€which€he€had€not€been€convicted€was€a€violation€of€the€presumption€of€innocence.Ð `° ÐSecondly,€that€the€State€party€violated€article€14,€paragraph€3€(g),€as€the€author€claims€to€have€beenÐ L œ Ðpressured€to€testify€against€himself€by€not€allowing€him€to€go€to€the€toilet€while€in€detention€andÐ 8 ˆ Ðtelling€him€that€if€he€made€a€complaint,€it€would€take€one€month€to€process€and€he€would€be€detainedÐ $ t Ðfor€the€whole€period.Ð  ` ÐÌ5.7€€The€State€party€has€not€made€any€additional€observations€on€the€admissibility€or€the€merits€ofÐ è 8  Ðthis€case.Ð Ô$  ÐÌò òòòIssues€and€proceedings€before€the€CommitteeÐ ¬ü  Ðó óóóÌò òConsideration€of€admissibilityó óÐ „Ô  ÐÌ6.1€€Before€considering€any€claim€contained€in€a€communication,€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ \¬ Ðmust,€in€accordance€with€rule€87€of€its€rules€of€procedure,€decide€whether€or€not€it€is€admissibleÐ H˜ Ðunder€the€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Covenant.Ð 4„ ÐÌ6.2€€The€Committee€has€ascertained€that€the€same€matter€is€not€being€examined€under€anotherÐ  \ Ðprocedure€of€international€investigation€or€settlement€for€the€purposes€of€article€5,€paragraph€2€(a),Ð øH Ðof€the€Optional€Protocol.Ð ä4 ÐÌ6.3€€On€the€issue€of€the€State€party's€failure€to€provide€the€author€with€access€to€a€lawyer,€theÐ ¼  ÐCommittee€notes€the€State€party's€argument€that€the€author€could€have€made€a€complaint€in€the€sameÐ ¨ø Ðway€as€he€had€done€when€challenging€the€lawfulness€of€his€arrest€and€interrogation.€The€CommitteeÐ ”ä Ðnotes€that€the€State€party€does€not€provide€any€details€of€how€the€author€would€have€made€such€aÐ €Ð Ðcomplaint.€Neither€does€it€state€whether€the€author€was€informed€of€this€possibility€at€the€time€heÐ l¼ Ðrequested€legal€representation€and€access€to€a€representative€from€his€Embassy.€As€a€UkrainianÐ X ¨ Ðcitizen€detained€in€a€prison€outside€his€home€country€and€without€the€necessary€language€skills€toÐ D!” Ðfind€out€how€to€make€such€a€complaint,€the€Committee€decides€that€the€State€party€has€not€providedÐ 0"€  Ðsufficient€information€to€demonstrate€that€this€remedy€would€have€been€effective.€The€CommitteeÐ #l! Ðfinds€that€this€part€of€the€communication€is€therefore€admissible.€(see€para.€3.4)Ð $X" ÐÌ6.4€€On€the€issue€of€his€expulsion,€the€Committee€notes€that€the€author€has€explained€this€failure€toÐ à%0!$ Ðappeal€against€the€expulsion€order€by€alleging€that€he€was€informed€by€the€police€who€served€theÐ Ì&"% Ðexpulsion€order€on€him€that€he€could€not€appeal€the€decision€and€was€deceived€into€signing€a€wavierÐ ¸'#& Ðof€his€right€to€appeal.€The€State€party€argues€that€the€author€was€told,€through€an€interpreter€from€theÐ ¤(ô#' ÐUkrainian€Embassy,€that€he€could€appeal€the€order€but€that€it€would€not€have€suspensive€effect.€TheÐ )à$( ÐCommittee€observes€that€the€author€was€accompanied€by€an€interpreter€from€the€Ukrainian€EmbassyÐ |*Ì%) Ðwho€would€have€been€in€a€position€to€translate€the€expulsion€order€which,€the€author€concedes,Ð h+¸&* Ðincluded€an€explanation€that€he€had€a€right€to€appeal.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€finds€this€part€ofÐ T,¤'+ Ðthe€communication€inadmissible€for€failure€to€exhaust€domestic€remedies,€under€article€5,€paragraphÐ @-(, Ð2€(b),€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€(see€paras.€3.2€and€5.6)Ð ° ÐÌ6.5€€With€respect€to€the€claims€of€a€violation€of€article€14,€paragraph€2,€because€of€an€allegedÐ ˆØ Ðviolation€of€the€presumption€of€innocence,€paragraph€3€(g),€as€the€author€claims€to€have€beenÐ tÄ Ðpressured€to€testify€against€himself,€and€his€further€claims€that,€the€author€was€not€tried€withoutÐ `° Ðundue€delay,€and€that€a€witness€to€the€incident€was€not€summoned€to€the€detention€hearing,€theÐ L œ ÐCommittee€finds€that€the€author€has€failed€to€substantiate€these€claims€for€purposes€of€admissibility.Ð 8 ˆ ÐThese€claims€are€therefore€inadmissible€under€article€2€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€(see€paras.€3.3€andÐ $ t Ð5.6)Ð  ` ÐÌ6.6€€Similarly,€on€the€issue€of€a€violation€of€the€Covenant€as,€due€to€his€detention,€he€suffered€a€lossÐ è 8  Ðof€reputation,€both€personally€and€professionally,€the€Committee€is€of€the€view€that€in€this€respectÐ Ô$  Ðthe€author€has€failed€to€substantiate€a€claim€of€a€violation€of€the€Covenant€for€the€purposes€ofÐ À  Ðadmissibility.€The€Committee€is€also€of€the€view€that€the€author's€claim€of€ill„ÓÓtreatment€by€the€police,Ð ¬ü  Ðwhich€raises€an€issue€under€article€7€of€the€Covenant,€is€similarly€unsubstantiated.€The€CommitteeÐ ˜è  Ðtherefore€finds€these€claims€inadmissible€under€article€2€of€the€Optional€Protocol.€(see€paras.€3.5€andÐ „Ô  Ð3.1)Ð pÀ ÐÌ6.7€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€has€raised€no€objections€to€the€admissibility€of€theÐ H˜ Ðauthor's€claims€under€article€9,€of€the€Covenant€concerning€his€arrest€and€detention€and€the€failureÐ 4„ Ðto€provide€him€with€legal€representation€despite€his€requests.€The€latter€claim€also€raises€an€issueÐ  p Ðunder€article€14,€paragraph€3€(d)€of€the€Covenant.€Accordingly,€the€Committee€declares€these€partsÐ  \ Ðof€the€communication€admissible.€(see€para.€3.1)€Ð øH ÐÌ6.8€€On€the€basis€of€the€above,€the€Committee€finds€that€the€parts€of€the€communication€relating€toÐ Ð  Ðthe€author's€arrest€and€detention€and€the€failure€to€provide€him€with€legal€representation€areÐ ¼  Ðadmissible.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌò òConsideration€of€the€meritsó óÐ €Ð ÐÌ7.1€€The€Human€Rights€Committee€has€considered€the€present€communication€in€the€light€of€all€theÐ X ¨ Ðwritten€information€made€available€to€it€by€the€parties,€as€provided€in€article€5,€paragraph€1,€of€theÐ D!” ÐOptional€Protocol.€Ð 0"€  ÐÌ7.2€€With€respect€to€the€claim€that€the€State€party€violated€article€9,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Covenant,Ð $X" Ðthe€Committee€recalls€that,€pursuant€to€this€article,€no€one€shall€be€subjected€to€arbitrary€arrest€orÐ ô$D # Ðdetention.€The€State€party€argues€and€the€author€has€not€contested€that€he€was€arrested€on€suspicionÐ à%0!$ Ðof€having€committed€an€offence.€In€these€circumstances,€the€Committee€cannot€find€a€violation€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðarticle€9,€paragraph€1€of€the€Covenant.€(see€para.3.1)Ð ¸'#& ÐÌ7.3€€With€respect€to€the€author's€claim€that€the€State€party€violated€article€9,€paragraph€2,€of€theÐ )à$( ÐCovenant€as€he€did€not€understand€the€reasons€for€his€arrest€or€the€charges€against€him,€theÐ |*Ì%) ÐCommittee€notes€the€State€party's€argument€that€the€author€was€provided€with€an€interpreter€whoÐ h+¸&* Ðexplained€to€him€the€reasons€for€his€arrest€and€the€charge€against€him€and€finds€that€in€theÐ T,¤'+ Ðcircumstances,€the€Committee€is€unable€to€find€a€violation€of€the€Covenant€in€this€regard.€(see€para.Ð @-(, Ð3.1)Ð ° ÐÌ7.4€€With€regard€to€the€claim€of€a€violation€of€article€9,€paragraph€3,€the€Committee€notes€that€theÐ ˆØ Ðauthor€was€detained€for€three€days€before€being€brought€before€a€judicial€officer.€In€the€absence€ofÐ tÄ Ðan€explanation€from€the€State€party€on€the€necessity€to€detain€the€author€for€this€period,€theÐ `° ÐCommittee€finds€a€violation€of€article€9,€paragraph€3€of€the€Covenant.Ð L œ ÐÌ7.5€€With€respect€to€the€author's€claim€that€he€was€not€provided€with€legal€representation€from€theÐ $ t Ðtime€of€his€arrest€to€his€release€from€detention,€which€included€a€hearing€on€detention€at€which€heÐ  ` Ðhad€to€represent€himself,€the€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€has€confirmed€that€although€itÐ ü L  Ðassigned€a€lawyer€to€the€author,€the€lawyer€failed€to€appear€at€the€interrogation€or€at€the€detentionÐ è 8  Ðhearing.€In€its€previous€jurisprudence,€the€Committee€has€made€it€clear€that€it€is€incumbent€upon€theÐ Ô$  ÐState€party€to€ensure€that€legal€representation€provided€by€the€State€guarantees€effectiveÐ À  Ðrepresentation.€It€recalls€its€prior€jurisprudence€that€legal€assistance€should€be€available€at€all€stagesÐ ¬ü  Ðof€criminal€proceedings.€Consequently€the€Committee€finds€that€the€facts€before€it€reveal€a€violationÐ ˜è  Ðof€article€14,€paragraph€3€(d)€of€the€Covenant.€Ð „Ô  ÐÌ8.€€The€Human€Rights€Committee,€acting€under€article€5,€paragraph€4,€of€the€Optional€Protocol,€isÐ \¬ Ðof€the€view€that€the€facts€before€it€disclose€a€violation€of€articles€9,€paragraph€3,€and€14,€paragraphÐ H˜ Ð3€(d)€of€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.Ð 4„ ÐÌ9.€€In€accordance€with€article€2,€paragraph€3€(a),€of€the€Covenant,€the€State€party€is€under€anÐ  \ Ðobligation€to€provide€the€author€with€an€effective€remedy,€including€compensation.€The€State€partyÐ øH Ðis€also€under€an€obligation€to€prevent€similar€violations€in€the€future.€Ð ä4 ÐÌ10.€€Bearing€in€mind€that,€by€becoming€a€State€party€to€the€Optional€Protocol,€the€State€party€hasÐ ¼  Ðrecognized€the€competence€of€the€Committee€to€determine€whether€there€has€been€a€violation€of€theÐ ¨ø ÐCovenant€or€not€and€that,€pursuant€to€article€2€of€the€Covenant,€the€State€party€has€undertaken€toÐ ”ä Ðensure€to€all€individuals€within€its€territory€and€subject€to€its€jurisdiction€the€rights€recognized€in€theÐ €Ð ÐCovenant€to€provide€an€effective€and€enforceable€remedy€in€case€a€violation€has€been€established,Ð l¼ Ðthe€Committee€wishes€to€receive€from€the€State€party,€within€90€days,€information€about€theÐ X ¨ Ðmeasures€taken€to€give€effect€to€the€Committee's€Views.€The€State€party€is€also€requested€to€publishÐ D!” Ðthe€Committee's€Views.Ð 0"€  ÐÌ_________________Ð $X" ÐÌAdopted€in€English,€French€and€Spanish,€the€English€text€being€the€original€version.€SubsequentlyÐ à%0!$ Ðto€be€issued€also€in€Arabic,€Chinese€and€Russian€as€part€of€the€Committee's€annual€report€to€theÐ Ì&"% ÐGeneral€Assembly.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌ*€The€following€members€of€the€Committee€participated€in€the€examination€of€the€presentÐ )à$( Ðcommunication:€Mr.€Ô_ÔAbdelfattahÔ_Ô€Amor,€Mr.€Ô_ÔNisukeÔ_Ô€Ando,€Mr.€Ô_ÔPrafullachandraÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔNatwarlalÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔBhagwatiÔ_Ô,Ð |*Ì%) ÐMs.€Christine€Ô_ÔChanetÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Maurice€Ô_ÔGllÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔAhanhanzoÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Louis€Ô_ÔHenkinÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Ahmed€Ô_ÔTawfikÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔKhalilÔ_Ô,Ð h+¸&* ÐMr.€Ô_ÔEckartÔ_Ô€Klein,€Mr.€David€Ô_ÔKretzmerÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Ô_ÔRajsoomerÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔLallahÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Rafael€Ô_ÔRivasÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔPosadaÔ_Ô,€Sir€NigelÐ T,¤'+ ÐÔ_ÔRodleyÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Martin€Ô_ÔScheininÔ_Ô,€Mr.€Ivan€Shearer,€Mr.€Ô_ÔHipð;ðlitoÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔSolariÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔYrigoyenÔ_Ô,€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔMaxwell€Ô_ÔYaldenÔ_Ô.Ð @-(, ÐÌò òòòIndividual€Opinion€of€Committee€Member€Mr.€Ô_ÔNisukeÔ_Ô€Andoó óóóÐ œì ÐÌI€concur€with€the€Committee's€finding€that€there€was€a€violation€of€article€14,€paragraph€3€(d)Ð tÄ Ðbecause€the€State€party€failed€to€ensure€effective€legal€representation€for€the€author€(7.5).€However,Ð `° ÐI€am€unable€to€share€the€Committee's€finding€that€the€State€party€violated€article€9,€paragraph€3,Ð L œ Ðbecause€the€author€had€been€detained€for€three€days€before€being€brought€before€a€judicial€officerÐ 8 ˆ Ðand€that€the€State€party€failed€to€explain€the€necessity€to€detain€the€author€for€this€period€(7.4).Ð $ t ÐÌAs€a€matter€of€fact,€on€29€April€1996,€the€author€and€his€friend€were€arrested€on€suspicion€of€pick„Ð ü L  Ðpocketing€(2.1€and€4.1).€On€30€April€1996,€they€were€charged€with€theft€and€on€1€May€1996,€theirÐ è 8  Ðcomplaints€against€their€arrest€and€interrogation€were€rejected€by€the€public€prosecutor€in€a€writtenÐ Ô$  Ðdecision€(2.2€and€4.2).€On€2€May€1996,€the€author€and€his€friend€were€brought€before€the€Ô_ÔPeschtÔ_ÔÐ À  ÐCentral€District€Court€for€the€purpose€of€deciding€whether€they€should€be€remanded€in€custody,€andÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€court€decided€to€detain€them€due€to€the€risk€of€flight€(2.3).Ð ˜è  ÐÌThis€series€of€events€clearly€indicates€what€happened€during€the€three€days€(29€April„ÓÓ2€May€1996),Ð pÀ Ðwhich€both€the€author€and€the€State€party€admit.€In€addition,€while€the€author€claims€a€violation€ofÐ \¬ Ðthe€Covenant€for€having€been€òòdetained€for€over€two€weeks€without€trialóó€(3.1€and€3.3),€he€does€notÐ H˜ Ðspecifically€claim€that€the€detention€for€the€three€days€in€question€constitutes€a€violation€of€articleÐ 4„ Ð9,€paragraph€3.€Indeed,€it€is€the€Committee€itself€which€singles€out€the€issue€of€the€three€days'Ð  p Ðdetention€and,€basing€itself€on€the€failure€of€the€State€party's€explanation,€decides€that€the€detentionÐ  \ Ðconstitutes€a€violation€of€article€9,€paragraph€3.Ð øH ÐÌUnder€the€circumstances,€I€do€not€consider€that€the€State€party€is€to€blame€for€having€failed€toÐ Ð  Ðexplain€the€necessity€for€the€detention.€Furthermore,€as€far€as€I€remember,€the€Committee€has€neverÐ ¼  Ðdecided€that€the€detention€for€three€days,€as€such,€constitutes€a€violation€of€article€9,€paragraph€3.€ForÐ ¨ø Ðthese€reasons€I€am€unable€to€concur€with€the€Committee's€Views€in€this€respect.Ð ”ä ÐÌ(òòSignedóó):€Mr.€Ô_ÔNisukeÔ_Ô€Ando€Ð l¼ ÐÌò òòòIndividual€Opinion€of€Committee€Member€Mr.€P.€N.€Ô_ÔBhagwatiÔ_Ôó óóóÐ D!” ÐÌI€am€in€agreement€with€the€finding€of€the€Committee€that€there€was€a€violation€of€article€14,Ð #l! Ðparagraph€3€(d)€of€the€Covenant.€But€I€am€unable€to€agree€that€there€was€violation€of€article€9,Ð $X" Ðparagraph€3€because€the€author€had€been€detained€for€two€days€before€being€brought€before€a€judicialÐ ô$D # Ðofficer.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌThe€principal€reason€why€I€am€unable€to€agree€with€the€Committee€in€regard€to€the€alleged€violationÐ ¸'#& Ðof€article€9,€paragraph€3€is€that€this€complaint€was€not€made€by€the€author€in€the€communication€filedÐ ¤(ô#' Ðby€him€and€the€only€complaint€made€in€this€respect€was€that€he€was€detained€for€two€weeks€withoutÐ )à$( Ðtrial€and€in€the€circumstances,€it€would€not€be€correct€to€hold€that€the€State€party€having€failed€toÐ |*Ì%) Ðexplain€the€delay€of€three€days€in€bringing€the€author€before€a€judicial€officer€such€delay€must€beÐ h+¸&* Ðregarded€as€constituting€a€violation€of€article€9,€paragraph€3€of€the€Covenant.€When€the€author€didÐ T,¤'+ Ðnot€specifically€make€this€complaint€in€his€Communication,€how€can€the€State€party€be€expected€toÐ @-(, Ðdeal€with€and€explain€this€delay€of€three€days?€No€inference€could€therefore€be€drawn€from€the€StateÐ ° Ðparty€not€having€explained€the€delay€of€three€days.€If€the€specific€complaint€had€been€made,€the€StateÐ œì Ðparty€would€have€been€called€upon€to€explain€the€delay€and€if€the€State€party€did€not€offer€anÐ ˆØ Ðacceptable€explanation,€the€Committee€would€have€been€justified€in€finding€a€contravention€of€articleÐ tÄ Ð9,€paragraph€3.€But€not€so,€when€a€specific€complaint€of€delay€of€three€days€was€not€made€in€theÐ `° ÐCommunication.€Moreover,€I€am€unable€to€agree€that€article€9,€paragraph€3€envisages€a€rigid,Ð L œ Ðinexorable€rule€that€a€person€detained€must€be€produced€before€a€judicial€officer€within€48€hours€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðhis€arrest.€The€determination€of€compliance€or€non„ÓÓcompliance€with€the€requirement€of€article€9,Ð $ t Ðparagraph€3€must€ultimately€depend€on€the€facts€of€each€case.€Ð  ` ÐÌI€am€accordingly€of€the€opinion€that€in€the€present€case,€it€would€not€be€correct€to€hold€that€there€wasÐ è 8  Ða€violation€of€article€9,€paragraph€3€of€the€Covenant.€Ð Ô$  ÐÌ(òòSignedóó):€Mr.€P.€N.€Ô_ÔBhagwatiÔ_ÔÐ ¬ü  ÐÌÌò òòòNotesó óóóÐ pÀ ÐÌòò1óó/€€According€to€the€author€he€understood€the€request€to€write€"no"€on€the€expulsion€order€to€meanÐ H˜ Ðthat€he€objected€to€the€order€itself€rather€than€a€wish€not€to€enter€an€appeal.Ð 4„ ÐÌòò2óó/€€Section€139€reads€as€follows:€"(1)€Investigations€shall€be€terminated€by€an€order€if€ð8ð€(c)€thereÐ  \ Ðis€a€reason€which€excludes€or€terminates€punishability€ð8ð".Ð øH ÐÌòò3óó/€€Section€71€reads€as€follows:€"Persons€not€punishable€owing€to€the€fact€that€the€degree€of€the€threatÐ Ð  Ðthe€committed€offence€poses€to€society€has€become€negligible€(section€36)€shall€be€reprimanded€ð8ðÐ ¼  ÐÓÓ(3).€By€a€reprimand€the€authority€expresses€its€disapproval€and€invites€the€offender€to€refrain€in€theÐ ¨ø Ðfuture€from€committing€criminal€offences."€According€to€the€State€party€these€decisions€were€servedÐ ”ä Ðin€the€Russian€translation€on€the€persons€concerned€via€the€public€prosecutor's€office€of€Ukraine.Ð €Ð ÐSection€36€reads€as€follows:€"The€person€whose€act€at€the€time€of€its€adjudication€does€no€longerÐ l¼ Ðpose€a€threat€to€society€or€if€the€threat€it€poses€is€of€such€a€negligible€degree€that€also€with€respectÐ X ¨ Ðto€his€person€even€the€most€lenient€punishment€applicable€in€accordance€with€this€Act€isÐ D!” Ðunnecessary,€shall€not€be€Ô_Ôpunished."Ô_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ#†Xì`XX@Xì`í#ÔÔ_Ô