ÿWPCE ø5˜n¸3*¶ïø{År2mì2ú{‘®:ô1Û¢Äî-˜`Ù3HÖr ƒ‘,ùNðcüÔñÚ©â4BO6óÌàS¢_úÞËÏûãWÁ|2'¡´¬ʵXB€Ë~)—_H}x­·àý+©ÑS¹Ýš|Šûû@xç"'k§ØvxŒ’1<u9§Šj*?¹-iE»ªø“Æ7,a‰G·ÇîgæÍÄ•ÂÝV8/û¯Ø‹#¶9Q妰(|V7%eªó#™&Ì—iqÀ•2LtR‘ÎfÔ+Þø¿¾¤©ÇI )3[*Û nÉmpQ-ï,ƒBwqC» Ô(`¾YÔ(~¤êðx. –ryHb¬m®[Xzó¡`q_{²ÆæãQ‰Öä„ è—­ù¢EjˆfႎQ‹Ïj„ÛöUÏpL( V”^Ã#@£+T?‘yÆ€msYA^$IJÚ{“>Éàt¢””øX‰;À¾’ªJÊÖÓD?‡Ý!ËnÀªÑ½!¢`>ºüåÿÛ~<&Å/ÀûŒ£Õ9`{Ë»ÑÙÜ®’Ûl¦g«&ƒXÙG!iåÂOë Í“þ¸ÎNÿoÀ‡ú Ü!gäç7C!&˜ÌãÛRG™ #Á¨UNi %· 0:½^ ÷w4* m,NC˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÙØÙÙØÈÙ0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ôrzh, ×~f,ÌŸ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡¼ìh»XXÔÓ  Óò òKAZAKHSTANó óÔ#†X´&X»¼ìh=#ÔÐ ° ÐÓ\ÓÓ  ÓÌÌò òCAT€A/56/44€Ô_Ô(2001)ó óÔ_ÔÐ “ã Ðà  àà ` àÌ121.€The€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Kazakhstan€(CAT/C/47/Add.1)€atits470th,Ð f ¶ Ð473rd€and€482nd€meetings€(CAT/C/SR.470,€473€and€482),€held€on€9,€10€and€17May2001,€andÐ O Ÿ Ðadopted€the€following€conclusions€and€recommendations.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌA.€€òòIntroductionóóÐ  Z  ÐÌ122.€The€Committee€welcomes€the€initial€report€of€Kazakhstan€and€notes€that€the€report€mainlyÐ Ü,  Ðaddresses€legal€provisions€and€lacks€detailed€information€on€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionÐ Å  Ðin€practice.€€However,€the€Committee€wishes€to€express€its€appreciation€for€the€extensive€andÐ ®þ  Ðinformative€oral€update€given€by€the€high„level€delegation€of€the€State€party€during€the€considerationÐ —ç  Ðof€the€report.Ð €Ð  ÐÌB.€€òòPositive€aspectsóóÐ R¢ ÐÌ123.€The€Committee€notes€the€statement€by€the€representatives€of€the€State€party€that€theÐ $t ÐGovernment€of€Kazakhstan€will€shortly€adopt€a€specific€crime€of€torture,€defined€in€conformity€withÐ  ] Ðarticle€1€of€the€Convention,€and€that€the€crime€of€ð ðtortureðð€will€be€added€to€article€116€of€the€CodeÐ öF Ðof€Criminal€Procedure.Ð ß/ ÐÌ124.€The€Committee€appreciates€the€assurances€that€the€Government€of€Kazakhstan€will€create€anÐ ± Ðindependent€ombudsman,€with€a€team€of€qualified€lawyers,€jurists€and€human€rights€advocatesÐ šê Ðavailable€free€of€charge€to€citizens€needing€its€assistance.Ð ƒÓ ÐÌ125.€The€Committee€welcomes€the€progress€made€in€conjunction€with€the€World€HealthÐ U¥ ÐOrganization€in€lowering€the€incidence€of€tuberculosis€in€places€of€detention€and€the€developmentÐ >Ž Ðof€a€long„term€plan€of€cooperation€with€international€organizations€to€continue€such€efforts.Ð ' w ÐÌ126.€The€Committee€welcomes€the€fact€that€the€Government,€recognizing€the€binding€effect€of€theÐ ù!I  ÐConvention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€Discrimination€against€Women,€has€reported€to€theÐ â"2! Ðtreaty„monitoring€body€regarding€its€implementation€of€that€Convention.€€The€Committee€againstÐ Ë#" ÐTorture,€appreciating€the€Governmentððs€assurances€that€it€will€take€appropriate€action€to€giveÐ ´$ # Ðcontinuing€effect€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Economic,€Social€and€Cultural€Rights€and€to€theÐ %í $ ÐInternational€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€notes€that€the€Human€Rights€Committee€hasÐ †&Ö!% Ðrequested€the€submission€of€a€report€by€Kazakhstan€on€its€implementation€of€the€latter€Covenant€byÐ o'¿"& ÐJuly€2001.Ð X(¨#' ÐÌC.€€òòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€application€of€the€provisions€of€the€ConventionóóÐ **z%) ÐÌ127.€The€Committee€is€aware€of€the€difficulty€of€overcoming€the€inheritance€of€an€authoritarianÐ ü+L'+ Ðsystem€in€the€transition€to€a€democratic€form€of€governance€and€the€challenges€emanating€from€theÐ å,5(, Ðrebuilding€of€State€structures.€Ð Î-)- ÐÔ_Ô‡D.€€òòSubjects€of€concernóóÐ ° ÐÑ  ÑÌ128.€The€Committee€expresses€its€concern€about€the€human€rights€situation€in€general,€and€inÐ ‚Ò Ðparticular€about€the€following:Ð k» ÐÌ(a)€The€absence€of€a€definition€of€torture,€as€provided€in€article€1€of€the€Convention,€in€the€CriminalÐ =  ÐCode€of€the€State€party€and€the€lack€of€a€specific€offence€of€torture,€with€the€result€that€torture€is€notÐ & v Ðpunishable€by€appropriate€penalties,€as€required€in€article€4,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Convention;Ð  _ ÐÑ  ÑÌ(b)€The€allegations€of€acts€of€torture€and€other€cruel,€inhuman€and€degrading€treatment€orÐ á 1  Ðpunishment€committed€by€law„enforcement€officials€of€the€State€party€or€with€their€acquiescence,Ð Ê   Ðincluding€beatings€and€other€actions€in€breach€of€the€Convention€against€political€opponents€of€theÐ ³  ÐGovernment;Ð œì  ÐÌÑ  Ñ(c)€The€insufficient€level€of€independence€and€effectiveness€of€the€procuracyò òÔOZUK.,Ô,ó óÔUK.,OZ.,üÔ€in€particular€as€theÐ n¾  ÐProcurator€has€the€competence€to€exercise€oversight€on€the€appropriateness€of€the€duration€of€pre„Ð Zª  Ðtrial€detention;Ð C“ ÐÌ(d)€The€pattern€of€failure€of€officials,€including€the€procuracy,€to€provide€in€every€instance€prompt,Ð e Ðimpartial€and€full€investigations€into€allegations€of€torture€reported€to€the€authorities,€as€well€as€aÐ þN Ðfailure€to€prosecute€alleged€perpetrators,€as€required€by€articles€12€and€13€of€the€Convention.€€TheÐ ç7 ÐCommittee€appreciates,€but€expresses€concern,€over€the€Governmentððs€acknowledgement€ofÐ Ð  Ðsuperficial€investigations,€destruction€of€evidence,€intimidation€of€victims,€and€forced€repudiationÐ ¹  Ðof€testimony€by€investigators€and€personnel€of€the€Ministry€of€Internal€Affairs;Ð ¢ò ÐÌ(e)€Allegations€that€judges€refuse€to€take€into€account€evidence€of€torture€and€ill-treatment€providedÐ tÄ Ðby€the€accused€with€regard€to€his/her€treatment€by€law€enforcement€officials;€Ð ]­ ÐÌ(f)€The€insufficient€level€of€independence€of€the€judiciary,€with€judges€whose€tenure€lacks€certainÐ / Ðnecessary€safeguards;€Ð h ÐÌ(g)€The€insufficient€level€of€guarantees€for€the€independence€of€defence€counsel;Ð ê : ÐÌ(h)€The€overcrowding€and€lack€of€access€to€adequate€medical€care€in€prisons€and€pre-trial€detentionÐ ¼" ! Ðcentres,€and€particularly€in€juvenile€detention€centres,€where€there€are€reports€of€incidents€of€self„Ð ¥#õ" Ðmutilation€by€detainees;€and€concern€that€alternatives€to€imprisonment€are€not€available€to€detaineesÐ Ž$Þ# Ðand€that€the€failure€to€provide€adequate€corrective€programmes,€education€and€training€createÐ w%Ç $ Ðsituations€leading€to€heightened€recidivist€levels;Ð `&°!% ÐÌ(i)€The€criterion€for€success€by€investigators€is€the€number€of€solved€crimes,€which€can€lead€toÐ 2(‚#' Ðpressure€upon€detainees€to€ð ðconfessðð€as€a€result€of€actions€in€breach€of€the€Convention.Ð )k$( ÐÔ_ÔÌ(j)€The€absence€of€information€in€the€report€regarding€torture€and€ill„treatment€affecting€women€andÐ í*=&* Ðgirls,€particularly€in€view€of€the€rise€in€imprisonment€rates€of€females€and€allegations€of€abusiveÐ Ö+&'+ Ðtreatment€of€women€in€police€custody.€€Ð ¿,(, ÐÐ ¨-ø(- ÐE.€€òòRecommendationsóóÐ ° ÐÌ129.€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ‚Ò ÐÌ(a)€Proceed€promptly€with€its€stated€plans€to€amend€its€domestic€penal€law€to€include€the€crime€ofÐ T¤ Ðtorture,€fully€consistent€with€the€definition€contained€in€article€1€of€the€Convention€and€supportedÐ =  Ðby€an€adequate€penalty;Ð & v ÐÑ  ÑÌ(b)€Take€urgent€and€effective€steps€to€establish€a€fully€independent€complaints€mechanism€and€toÐ ø H Ðensure€prompt,€impartial€and€full€investigations€into€the€many€allegations€of€torture€reported€to€theÐ á 1  Ðauthorities,€and€the€prosecution€and€punishment,€as€appropriate,€of€perpetrators;€Ð Ê   ÐÌÑ  Ñ(c)€Expand€the€powers€of€the€Presidential€Human€Rights€Commission€so€that€it€may€become€anÐ œì  Ðindependent€and€impartial€governmental€and€non„governmental€national€human€rights€commissionÐ …Õ  Ðin€conformity€with€the€Paris€Principles,€with€effective€power,€ÔOZUK.,Ôòòinter€aliaÔUK.,OZ., ÔóóÔOZUK.,Ô,€to€investigate€all€complaintsÐ n¾  Ðof€human€rights€violations,€in€particular€those€pertaining€to€the€implementation€of€the€Convention;Ð W§  ÐÑ  ÑÌ(d)€Ensure€in€practice€absolute€respect€for€the€principle€of€the€inadmissibility€of€evidence€obtainedÐ )y Ðby€torture;Ð b ÐÌ(e)€Take€measures,€including€a€review€of€the€Constitution,€laws€and€decrees,€to€establish€and€ensureÐ ä4 Ðthe€independence€of€the€judiciary€and€defence€counsel€in€the€performance€of€their€duties€inÐ Í Ðconformity€with€international€standards;Ð ¶ ÐÌ(f)€Proceed€with€the€adoption€of€measures€to€permit€defence€counsel€to€gather€evidence€and€to€beÐ ˆØ Ðinvolved€in€cases€from€the€very€start€of€the€detention€period,€and€to€ensure€that€doctors€will€beÐ qÁ Ðprovided€at€the€request€of€detained€persons,€rather€than€the€orders€of€prison€officials;Ð Zª ÐÌ(g)€Improve€conditions€in€prisons€and€pre„trial€detention€centres€and€establish€a€system€allowing€forÐ ,| Ðinspections€of€prisons€and€detention€centres€by€credible€impartial€monitors,€whose€findings€shouldÐ e Ðbe€made€public.€€The€State€party€should€also€take€steps€to€shorten€the€current€72„hour€pre„trialÐ þN Ðdetention€period€and€avoid€prolonged€arrest€and€detention€prior€to€trial;Ð ç 7 ÐÌ(h)€Complete€the€transfer€of€responsibilities€for€prisons€from€the€Ministry€of€Internal€Affairs€to€theÐ ¹" ! ÐMinistry€of€Justice,€thereby€permitting€the€demilitarization€of€the€penitentiary€system;Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌ(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€Provide€independent€judicial€oversight€of€the€period€and€conditions€of€pre-trial€detention;Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌ(j)€Review€cases€of€convictions€based€on€confessions€that€may€have€been€obtained€through€tortureÐ F'–"& Ðor€ill„treatment,€and€ensure€adequate€compensation€to€victims;Ð /(#' ÐÌ(k)€Make€the€declarations€under€articles€21€and€22€of€the€Convention;Ð *Q%) ÐÌ(l)€Ensure€that€specialized€personnel€are€trained€to€identify€signs€of€physical€and€psychologicalÐ Ó+#'+ Ðtorture€and€that€their€examinations€for€Ô_ÔrequalificationÔ_Ô€include€awareness€of€the€ConventionððsÐ ¼, (, Ðrequirements;Ð ¥-õ(- ЇÑ  Ñ(m)€Provide€data€in€the€next€periodic€report,€Ô_ÔdisaggregatedÔ_Ô,€ÔUK.,OZ.,\ ÔÔOZUK.,Ôòòinter€aliaÔUK.,OZ.,Z*ÔóóÔOZUK.,Ô,€by€age,€gender,€ethnicity€andÐ ° Ðgeography,€on€civil€and€military€places€of€detention€as€well€as€on€juvenile€detention€centres€andÐ ™é Ðother€institutions€where€individuals€may€be€vulnerable€to€torture€or€ill„treatment€under€theÐ ‚Ò ÐConvention;€provide€information€in€the€next€periodic€report€regarding€the€number,€types€and€resultsÐ k» Ðof€cases€of€punishment€of€police€and€other€law€enforcement€personnel€for€torture€and€relatedÐ T¤ Ðoffences,€including€those€rejected€by€the€court;€provide€full€information€on€the€results€of€criminalÐ =  Ðcases€described€in€the€State€partyððs€initial€report€and€on€the€compensation€provided,€if€any;Ð & v ÐÑ  ÑÌÑ  Ñ(n)€Widely€disseminate€the€Committeeððs€conclusions€and€recommendations,€the€summary€recordsÐ ø H Ðof€the€review€of€the€State€partyððs€initial€report€and€the€State€partyððs€report€ÔUK.,OZ.,–*Ôin€the€country,€includingÐ á 1  Ðto€law„enforcement€officials€and€by€means€of€publication€in€the€media€and€through€distribution€andÐ Ê   Ðpopularization€efforts€by€non„governmental€organizations;ÔOZUK.,ÔÐ ³  ÐÔUK.,OZ.,s/ÔÌÔOZUK.,Ô(o)€Consider€consulting€with€non„governmental€and€civil€society€organizations€when€preparing€allÐ …Õ  Ðparts€of€the€next€periodic€report.ÔUK.,OZ.,µ/ÔÔ_Ôò òó óÔ_ÔÐ n¾  Ð