ÿWPCM þFÄvãÏgçôÃ?ìN³,0WÚ.Á=¼ªì·û‘¿s ˜ ŠÂá0I­%'£ƒ’väÅýÏÆcÎ=[{;UKxWÄrgGGŒá5ø¿m3çŠÃºíñ~uß‚ô¤;°°+1 ¹[Wõødëã&mêqW #gÿF.›Àè¬Øz«Žj‚,1cߤ£sòïu‰ áA7œõ±µ‘x2|ˆ-:ð57Ð¥GGV|i„*ä,Cmefl¦.·©Þ£#‰$ˆb \±ƒRžfu¦‡—CAºîƒ÷"Ɖ}j0M"‘$ñDíˆïÿ] Ì}Í6¦Øpèl†Ž¼”Ÿ<ÛÊBbó:¶GYrLò©mfIìa”ñ£ßç{$ؤ—þ€“a#3߸!5ð¦É$›jåÆEˆf:Ùãáùláœ$fªSÁí‚Í[‚bô^. ~Žô‹l%\Jb Y'ŠVlâêY‹>9Wƒ­À‘Ñyk2ï¬ÃçTøâÉ“Rø8>øŸk…mK:Bj¨æ )™8®בŽÌŒQɆò‚ž"B"ÿj&‚uV˜$d§£‚`©YÉñ߀­õÂdh»ˆ•VwˆŽJzž©¹wõH.³ÐJ #ɨUNq %¿ 0:Å^ ÿw 4#2 m4NK˜HP PSC 2350 seriesTŽ––––TŽ0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ô o,7‡ cC‚6rtyBar˜¥3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òÔ‡¼}ø»XXÔÑ8€8ŒXdìdÈ8ÑÓ  ÓLIBYAN€ARAB€Ô_ÔJAMAHIRIYAÔ_ÔÔ#†X8ŒX»¼}ø@#Ôó óÐ ° ÐÓ—ÓÓÓÌò òÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ôó óÐ ° ÐÌò òòòRESERVATIONS€AND€DECLARATIONSóóó óÐ ˆØ Ðòò(Unless€otherwise€indicated,€the€reservations€and€declarations€were€made€upon€ratification,Ð t Ä Ðaccession€or€succession)Ð ` ° ÐóóÔUSUK.,ÔÌReservation:Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ1.€Article€2€of€the€Convention€shall€be€implemented€with€due€regard€for€the€peremptory€norms€ofÐ `  Ðthe€Islamic€Ô_ÔShariahÔ_Ô€relating€to€determination€of€the€inheritance€portions€of€the€estate€of€a€deceasedÐ üL  Ðperson,€whether€female€or€male.Ð è8  ÐÌ2.€The€implementation€of€paragraph€16€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô€and€(d)€of€the€Convention€shall€be€without€prejudice€toÐ À  Ðany€of€the€rights€guaranteed€to€women€by€the€Islamic€Ô_ÔShariahÔ_Ô.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌÌòòNoteóóÐ pÀ ÐÌOn€5€July€1995,€the€Government€of€the€Socialist€People's€Libyan€Arab€Republic€notified€theÐ H˜ ÐSecretary-General€of€the€"new€formulation€of€its€reservation€to€the€Convention,€which€replaces€theÐ 4„ Ðformulation€contained€in€the€instrument€of€accession"€which€read€as€follows:Ð  p ÐÌ[Accession]€is€subject€to€the€general€reservation€that€such€accession€cannot€conflict€with€the€lawsÐ øH Ðon€personal€status€derived€from€the€Islamic€Ô_ÔShariahÔ_Ô.ò òòòÐ ä4 Ðóóó óòòÔUK.,US.,WÔ(Note€40,€Chapter€IV.8,€Multilateral€Treaties€Deposited€with€the€Secretary„General)óóÐ Ð  ÐÌÌò òòòOBJECTIONS€MADE€TO€STATE€PARTYððS€RESERVATIONS€AND€DECLARATIONSÐ ”ä Ðóóó óòò(Unless€otherwise€indicated,€the€objections€were€made€upon€ratification,€accession€or€succession)Ð € Ð ÐóóÌò òDenmarkó ó,€3€July€1990Ð X"¨  ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€reservation€made€by€the€Libyan€Arab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô€upon€accession:Ð 4$„" ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Denmark€has€taken€note€of€the€reservation€made€by€the€Libyan€Arab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_ÔÐ  &\!$ Ðwhen€acceding€[to€the€said€Convention].€In€the€view€of€the€Government€of€Denmark€this€reservationÐ ø&H"% Ðis€subject€to€the€general€principle€of€treaty€interpretation€according€to€which€a€party€may€not€invokeÐ ä'4#& Ðthe€provisions€of€its€internal€law€as€justification€for€failure€to€perform€a€treaty."Ð Ð( $' ÐÌÓ$ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð ¨*ø%) ÐÓN ÓÓÓÐ ”+ä&* Їò òFinlandó ó,€8€June€1990Ð ° ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€reservation€made€by€the€Libyan€Arab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô€upon€accession€(see€alsoÐ ŒÜ Ðobjection€made€on€16€October€1996,€hereinafter,€with€regard€to€the€reservation€made€by€the€LibyanÐ xÈ ÐArab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô€upon€accession,€as€modified€on€5€July€1995):Ð d´ ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Finland€has€examined€the€contents€of€the€reservation€made€by€the€Libyan€ArabÐ < Œ ÐÔ_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô€and€considers€the€said€reservation€as€being€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€ofÐ ( x Ðthe€Convention.€The€Government€of€Finland€therefore€enters€its€formal€objection€to€this€reservation.Ð  d ÐÌ"This€objection€is€not€an€obstacle€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€said€Convention€between€Finland€andÐ ì <  Ðthe€Libyan€Arab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô."Ð Ø(  ÐÌÓ„ ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð °  ÐÓ²ÓÓ ÓÌò òFinlandó ó,€16€October€1996Ð ˆØ  ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€reservation€made€by€the€Libyan€Arab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô€upon€accession,€as€modified€(seeÐ d´ Ðobjection€under€8€June€1990€and€note€36€òò[Ed.€note:€see€above]óó):Ð P  ÐÌ"A€reservation€which€consists€of€a€general€reference€to€religious€law€without€specifying€its€contentsÐ (x Ðdoes€not€clearly€define€to€the€other€Parties€of€the€Convention€the€extent€to€which€the€reserving€StateÐ d Ðcommits€itself€to€the€Convention€and€therefore€may€cast€doubts€about€the€commitment€of€theÐ P Ðreserving€State€to€fulfil€its€obligations€under€the€Convention.€Such€a€reservation€is€also,€in€the€viewÐ ì< Ðof€the€Government€of€Finland,€subject€to€the€general€principle€of€the€observance€of€treaties€accordingÐ Ø( Ðto€which€a€Party€may€not€invoke€the€provisions€of€its€internal€law€as€justification€for€failure€toÐ Ä Ðperform€a€treaty."Ð ° ÐÌÓèÓÓ  Ó*****Ð ˆØ ÐÓ)ÓÓÓÌò òòòóóGermanyó óÐ ` ° ÐÌThe€Federal€Republic€of€Germany€considers€that€the€reservations€made€by€Egypt€regarding€articleÐ 8"ˆ  Ð2,€article€9,€paragraph€2,€and€article€16,€by€Bangladesh€regarding€article€2,€article€13€(a)€and€articleÐ $#t! Ð16,€paragraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€and€(f),€by€Brazil€regarding€article€15,€paragraph€4,€and€article€16,€paragraph€1Ð $`" Ð(a),€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(g)€and€(h),€by€Jamaica€regarding€article€9,€paragraph€2,€by€the€Republic€of€Korea€regardingÐ ü$L # Ðarticle€9€and€article€16,€paragraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(d),€(f)€and€(g),€and€by€Mauritius€regarding€article€11,Ð è%8!$ ÐpaÔ_ÔragraphÔ_Ô€1€(b)€and€(d),€and€article€16,€paragraph€1€(g),€are€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purposeÐ Ô&$"% Ðof€the€Convention€(article€28,€paragraph€2)€and€therefore€objects€to€them.€In€relation€to€the€FederalÐ À'#& ÐRepublic€of€Germany,€they€may€not€be€invoked€in€support€of€a€legal€practice€which€does€not€pay€dueÐ ¬(ü#' Ðregard€to€the€legal€status€afforded€to€women€and€children€in€the€Federal€Republic€of€Germany€inÐ ˜)è$( Ðconformity€with€the€above-mentioned€articles€of€the€Convention.€This€objection€shall€not€precludeÐ „*Ô%) Ðthe€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention€as€between€Egypt,€Bangladesh,€Brazil,€Jamaica,€the€RepublicÐ p+À&* Ðof€Korea,€Mauritius€and€the€Federal€Republic€of€Germany.Ð ° ÐÌObjections€of€the€same€nature€were€also€formulated€by€the€Government€of€the€Federal€Republic€ofÐ ˆØ ÐGermany€in€regard€to€reservations€made€by€various€states,€as€follows:€Ð tÄ Ð...Ð `° Ðv)€20€June€1990:€In€respect€of€the€reservation€made€by€the€Libyan€Arab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô.Ð L œ Ð...Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌÓ_ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð  ` ÐÓ*ÓÓÓÌò òMexicoó óÐ è 8  ÐÌ11€January€1985Ð À  ÐÌThe€Government€of€the€United€Mexican€States€has€studied€the€content€of€the€reservations€made€byÐ ˜è  ÐMauritius€to€article€11,€paragraph€1€(b)€and€(d),€and€article€16,€paragraph€1€(g),€of€the€ConventionÐ „Ô  Ðand€has€concluded€that€they€should€be€considered€invalid€in€the€light€of€article€28,€paragraph€2,€ofÐ pÀ Ðthe€Convention,€because€they€are€incompatible€with€its€object€and€purpose.Ð \¬ ÐÌIndeed,€these€reservations,€if€implemented,€would€inevitably€result€in€discrimination€against€womenÐ 4„ Ðon€the€basis€of€sex,€which€is€contrary€to€all€the€articles€of€the€Convention.€The€principles€of€equalÐ  p Ðrights€of€men€and€women€and€non-discrimination€on€the€basis€of€sex,€which€are€embodied€in€theÐ  \ Ðsecond€Ô_ÔpreambularÔ_Ô€paragraph€and€Article€1,€paragraph€3,€of€the€Charter€of€the€United€Nations,€toÐ øH Ðwhich€Mauritius€is€a€signatory,€and€in€articles€2€and€16€of€the€Universal€Declaration€of€HumanÐ ä4 ÐRights€of€1948,€were€previously€accepted€by€the€Government€of€Mauritius€when€it€acceded,€on€12Ð Ð  ÐDecember€1973,€to€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights€and€the€InternationalÐ ¼  ÐCovenant€on€Economic,€Social€and€Cultural€Rights.€The€above€principles€were€stated€in€article€2,Ð ¨ø Ðparagraph€1,€and€article€3€of€the€former€Covenant€and€in€article€2,€paragraph€2,€and€article€3€of€theÐ ”ä Ðlatter.€Consequently,€it€is€inconsistent€with€these€contractual€obligations€previously€assumed€byÐ €Ð ÐMauritius€for€its€Government€now€to€claim€that€it€has€reservations,€on€the€same€subject,€about€theÐ l¼ Ð1979€Convention.Ð X ¨ ÐÌThe€objection€of€the€Government€of€the€United€Mexican€States€to€the€reservations€in€question€shouldÐ 0"€  Ðnot€be€interpreted€as€an€impediment€to€the€entry€into€force€of€the€1979€Convention€between€theÐ #l! ÐUnited€Mexican€States€and€MÔ_ÔauritiusÔ_Ô.Ð $X" ÐÌObjections,€identical€in€essence,€mutatis€mutandis,€were€also€formulated€by€the€Government€ofÐ à%0!$ ÐMexico€in€regard€to€reservations€made€by€various€States,€as€follows€[for€the€States€which€were€notÐ Ì&"% ÐParties€to€the€Covenants€(marked€below€with€an€asterisk€*),€the€participation€in€the€Covenants€wasÐ ¸'#& Ðnot€invoked€by€Mexico€in€its€objection€with€regard€to€reservations]:Ð ¤(ô#' Ð...Ð )à$( Ðx)€23€July€1990:€In€respect€of€the€reservation€made€by€the€Libyan€Arab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* ÐÓ`ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð ° ÐÓ–'ÓÓÓÌò òNetherlandsòòÐ ˆØ Ðóóó óÌ"The€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€considers€that€the€reservations€made€byÐ `° ÐBangladesh€regarding€article€2,€article€13€(a)€and€article€16,€paragraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô€and€(f),€by€EgyptÐ L œ Ðregarding€article€2,€article€9€and€article€16,€by€Brazil€regarding€article€15,€paragraph€4,€and€articleÐ 8 ˆ Ð16,€paragraph€1€(a),€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(g),€and€(h),€by€Iraq€regarding€article€2,€sub-paragraphs€(f)€and€(g),€articleÐ $ t Ð9€and€article€16,€by€Mauritius€regarding€article€11,€paragraph€1€(b)€and€(d),€and€article€16,€paragraphÐ  ` Ð1€(g),€by€Jamaica€regarding€article€9,€paragraph€2,€by€the€Republic€of€Korea€regarding€article€9€andÐ ü L  Ðarticle€16,€paragraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(d),€(f)€and€(g),€by€Thailand€regarding€article€9,€paragraph€2,€article€15,Ð è 8  Ðparagraph€3,€and€article€16,€by€Tunisia€regarding€article€9,€paragraph€2,€article€15,€paragraph€4,€andÐ Ô$  Ðarticle€16,€paragraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(d),€(f),€(g)€and€(h),€by€Turkey€regarding€article€15,€paragraphs€2€and€4,Ð À  Ðand€article€16,€paragraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(d),€(f)€and€(g),€by€the€Libyan€Arab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô€upon€accession,€andÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€first€paragraph€of€the€reservations€made€by€Malawi€upon€accession,€are€incompatible€with€theÐ ˜è  Ðobject€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€(article€28,€paragraph€2).Ð „Ô  ÐÌThese€objections€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention€as€between€Bangladesh,Ð \¬ ÐEgypt,€Brazil,€Iraq,€Mauritius,€Jamaica,€the€Republic€of€Korea,€Thailand,€Tunisia,€Turkey,€LibyanÐ H˜ ÐArab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô,€Malawi€and€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands."Ð 4„ ÐÌÓÌ'ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð  \ ÐÓÀ/ÓÓ)ÓÌò òNorwayó ó,€16€July€1990Ð ä4 ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Norway€has€examined€the€contents€of€the€reservation€made€by€the€Libyan€ArabÐ À ÐÔ_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô,€by€which€the€accession€`is€subject€to€the€general€reservation€that€such€accession€cannotÐ ¬ü Ðconflict€with€the€laws€on€personal€status€derived€from€the€Islamic€Ô_ÔShariahÔ_Ô'.€The€NorwegianÐ ˜è ÐGovernment€has€come€to€the€conclusion€that€this€reservation€is€incompatible€with€the€object€andÐ „Ô Ðpurpose€of€the€Convention€(article€28,€paragraph€2).€The€Government€of€Norway€objects€to€theÐ pÀ Ðreservation.Ð \ ¬ ÐÌThe€Norwegian€Government€will€stress€that€by€acceding€to€the€Convention,€a€state€commits€itselfÐ 4"„  Ðto€adopt€the€measures€required€for€the€elimination€of€discrimination,€in€all€its€forms€andÐ  #p! Ðmanifestations,€against€women.€A€reservation€by€which€a€State€Party€limits€its€responsibilities€underÐ  $\" Ðthe€Convention€by€invoking€religious€law€(Ô_ÔShariahÔ_Ô),€which€is€subject€to€interpretation,€modification,Ð ø$H # Ðand€selective€application€in€different€states€adhering€to€Islamic€principles,€may€create€doubts€aboutÐ ä%4!$ Ðthe€commitments€of€the€reserving€state€to€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention.€It€may€alsoÐ Ð& "% Ðundermine€the€basis€of€international€treaty€law.€All€states€have€common€interest€in€securing€that€allÐ ¼' #& Ðparties€respect€treaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€parties."Ð ¨(ø#' ÐÌÓö/ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð €*Ð%) ÐÓ¤6ÓÐ l+¼&* ЇÓ1ÓÌò òSwedenó óÐ œì ÐÌ17€March€1986Ð tÄ ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Sweden€considers€that€[the€following€reservations]€are€incompatible€with€theÐ L œ Ðobject€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€(article€28,€paragraph€2)€and€therefore€objects€to€them:Ð 8 ˆ Ð...Ð $ t Ð"Indeed€the€reservations€in€question,€if€put€into€practice,€would€inevitably€result€in€discriminationÐ  ` Ðagainst€women€on€the€basis€of€sex,€which€is€contrary€to€everything€the€Convention€stands€for.€ItÐ ü L  Ðshould€also€be€borne€in€mind€that€the€principles€of€the€equal€rights€of€men€and€women€and€ofÐ è 8  Ðnon-discrimination€on€the€basis€of€sex€are€set€forth€in€the€Charter€of€the€United€Nations€as€one€of€itsÐ Ô$  Ðpurposes,€in€the€Universal€Declaration€of€Human€Rights€of€1948€and€in€various€multilateralÐ À  Ðinstruments,€to€which€Thailand,€Tunisia€and€Bangladesh€are€parties.Ð ¬ü  Ð...Ð ˜è  Ð"In€this€context€the€Government€of€Sweden€wishes€to€take€this€opportunity€to€make€the€observationÐ „Ô  Ðthat€the€reason€why€reservations€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€a€treaty€are€notÐ pÀ Ðacceptable€is€precisely€that€otherwise€they€would€render€a€basic€international€obligation€of€aÐ \¬ Ðcontractual€nature€meaningless.€Incompatible€reservations,€made€in€respect€of€the€Convention€on€theÐ H˜ Ðelimination€of€all€forms€of€discrimination€against€women,€do€not€only€cast€doubts€on€theÐ 4„ Ðcommitments€of€the€reserving€states€to€the€objects€and€purpose€of€this€Convention,€but€moreover,Ð  p Ðcontribute€to€undermine€the€basis€of€international€contractual€law.€It€is€in€the€common€interest€ofÐ  \ Ðstates€that€treaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€parties€also€are€respected,€as€to€object€andÐ øH Ðpurpose,€by€other€parties."Ð ä4 ÐÌSubsequently,€the€Secretary-General€received,€from€the€Government€of€Sweden,€objections€of€theÐ ¼  Ðsame€nature€as€the€one€above€with€regard€to€reservations€made€by€the€following€States€on€the€datesÐ ¨ø Ðindicated€hereinafter:Ð ”ä Ð...Ð €Ð Ð-€25€May€1990€with€regard€to€the€reservation€made€by€the€Libyan€Arab€Ô_ÔJamahiriyaÔ_Ô;Ð l¼ Ð...Ð X ¨ ÐÓð6Ó