ÿWPC{ u9{{“} ÝUeÉr¤Ky„å“ê³áÈDïæ5‚”Éó&¥@×"vÐ3¢—catÓDZkhebSÒ$9G;”Æ'ªÝ8MÛ3"Nxƒz“|¡&ÑÇçµ°+{Þöoç¹!óý‰ô¹ŒÀûïZ jEÚ˜,^V¾öÁí4ö5ô$o< ûçÜ2Ë´‡ ¹·êb.=Ò¿ sß4ÝÇÌ!ÝRú½ŽÊ±ü{™Â€{R%j;1¤>ß+‰Túeõ‰µô\ÑÉâw=ÖH{‡ÓÊÔÏWd—Q¾o÷ÿ V¼ûvÆîÊT·…—êqCÿ ŸÄHé|ÈÚ[Ú†µÜÇCÖXžžJÞ^‚”Ð>/ÝÕ•/ɪ+ n˜¦öœìƒ}ö€òšÏ£Sù_h4“´ÿUÅå'§ƒü ™“4lÀ*M›Œ ‹ûÇJ°kâ °Ï#ï«BšÃÒªöD_’¥†ŒÐ_®º]›¦Cî4ªåû@°œ(&£‚°öïˆqÚ;I’nÝ¾Ó ŠàAÐ'v0¹ßÖ0@6ñ6nN·G¸@yÅ•%>‰øM8•müÈYÆj<Ÿ-)T‘Îæj鎵¸/¸…zΓ¬ #Á¶UNw %Å 0:Ë^ w4)8 m:(QNy˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÙØÙÙØÈÙ0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ôñh, ×~f,seäý|3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ disaggregatedÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€¼r8»XXÔò òÓ  ÓLIECHTENSTEINÐ ° ÐÔ€X,ÆX»¼r8ÔÓ  ÓÌÌÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€€A/54/38/Rev.1€Ô_Ô(1999)ó óÔ_ÔÐ •å ÐÌÌ143.€€The€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Liechtenstein€(Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/LIE/1)€at€its€410òòthóó,Ð Q ¡ Ð411òòthóó€and€414òòthóó€meetings,€on€25€and€27€January€1999€(see€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô/C/SR.410,€411€and€414).€Ð : Š ÐÌ(a)€€òòIntroduction€by€the€State€partyóóÐ  \  ÐÌ144.€€In€introducing€the€report,€the€representative€of€Liechtenstein€noted€that€òòde€jureóó€equalityÐ Þ.  Ðbetween€women€and€men€in€Liechtenstein€had€been€achieved€later€than€in€many€other€countries.€€InÐ Ç  Ð1992,€a€constitutional€amendment€stating€that€women€and€men€had€equal€rights€provided€the€basisÐ °  Ðfor€a€1996€law€that€guaranteed€gender€equality.Ð ™é  ÐÌ145.€€The€representative€indicated€that€since€1996€the€focus€of€the€Government€had€been€onÐ k» Ðachieving€de€facto€equality€between€women€and€men€in€all€spheres€of€life.€€Implementation€of€legalÐ T¤ Ðand€other€measures€in€compliance€with€the€Convention€formed€part€of€an€overall€strategy€that€alsoÐ = Ðincorporated€implementation€of€the€Beijing€Platform€for€Action.€€Liechtenstein€had€submitted€to€theÐ &v ÐUnited€Nations€the€national€action€plan€for€the€implementation€of€the€Platform€and€had€ratifiedÐ _ Ðseveral€regional€and€international€human€rights€treaties,€including€the€European€Convention€onÐ øH ÐHuman€Rights€and€the€International€Covenant€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.€€Liechtenstein€had€alsoÐ á1 Ðaccepted€the€communications€procedures€of€the€first€optional€protocol€to€the€International€CovenantÐ Ê Ðon€Civil€and€Political€Rights,€the€Convention€against€Torture€and€Other€Cruel,€Inhuman€orÐ ³ ÐDegrading€Treatment€or€Punishment,€and€strongly€supported€the€adoption€of€an€optional€protocolÐ œì Ðto€the€Convention€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€Discrimination€against€Women.€Ð …Õ ÐÌ146.€€The€representative€indicated€that€there€had€been€an€increase€in€the€proportion€of€womenÐ W§ Ðrepresented€at€all€levels€of€education,€but€that€at€the€tertiary€level€male€students€still€constituted€twoÐ @ Ðthirds€of€all€students.€€Male€students€also€predominated€in€such€disciplines€as€law€and€economicsÐ ) y Ðand€in€technical€studies,€including€computer€studies.€€Female€students€were€well€represented€in€theÐ !b Ðhumanities.€€Ð û!K  ÐÌ147.€€The€representative€reported€that€while€there€had€been€an€increase€in€the€number€of€women€inÐ Í#" Ðpositions€of€leadership€in€communes€and€commissions€since€acquiring€the€right€to€vote€in€1984,Ð ¶$ # Ðwomen€were€still€under„represented€at€all€levels€of€governance.€€She€noted€that€although€there€wasÐ Ÿ%ï $ Ðno€system€of€quotas,€the€Government€remained€committed€to€achieving€equal€representation€ofÐ ˆ&Ø!% Ðwomen€in€senior€leadership€positions.€€Ð q'Á"& ÐÌ148.€€The€representative€informed€the€Committee€that€non-governmental€organizations,€many€ofÐ C)“$( Ðwhich€received€financial€support€from€the€Government,€played€an€active€role€in€measures€to€promoteÐ ,*|%) Ðthe€advancement€of€women.€€They€were€involved€in€such€activities€as€the€facilitation€of€networkingÐ +e&* Ðand€the€provision€of€day-care€centres€for€children€as€well€as€a€women's€shelter€for€battered€womenÐ þ+N'+ Ðand€children.Ð ç,7(, ÐÐ Ð- )- Ð149.€€The€representative€noted€that€the€Government's€focus€was€now€on€the€achievement€of€de€factoÐ ° Ðequality€for€women€through€a€variety€of€programmes.€€These€had€included€a€1997€exhibition€on€theÐ ™é Ðtheme:€"Girls€with€a€head€on€their€shoulders€get€down€to€work",€which€had€sought€to€motivate€girlsÐ ‚Ò Ðto€expand€their€choice€of€occupations.€€Currently,€the€educational€curriculum€was€being€revised€toÐ k» Ðincorporate€the€principle€of€equality€and€the€practical€involvement€of€women€and€men€in€theÐ T¤ Ðachievement€of€that€principle.€€Ð =  ÐÌ150.€€The€representative€indicated€that€the€proposed€equal€rights€act€would€prohibit€discriminationÐ  _ Ðat€the€workplace,€provide€protection€against€retaliatory€dismissal€and€the€right€to€bring€legal€claims,Ð ø H Ðincluding€class€action€complaints,€and€reduce€the€burden€of€proof.€€The€proposed€act€would€alsoÐ á 1  Ðprovide€the€Government€with€a€legal€basis€to€give€financial€support€to€companies€in€order€to€enableÐ Ê   Ðthem€to€enact€positive€measures€for€the€promotion€of€women€at€the€workplace.Ð ³  ÐÌ(b)€€òòConcluding€comments€of€the€CommitteeóóÐ …Õ  ÐÌòòIntroductionóóÐ W§  ÐÌ151.€€The€Committee€commends€the€Government€of€Liechtenstein€for€the€timely€submission€of€itsÐ )y Ðinitial€report,€one€year€after€its€accession€to€the€Convention.€€It€welcomes€the€report,€especially€theÐ b Ðwell-structured€and€informative€oral€update,€which€provided€frank€and€clear€information€on€theÐ ûK Ðsituation€of€women.€€Together€with€the€exhaustive€replies€provided€to€the€Committee's€numerousÐ ä4 Ðquestions,€the€presentation€provided€a€comprehensive€view€of€the€efforts€undertaken€by€theÐ Í ÐGovernment€in€order€to€achieve€full€compliance€with€its€obligations€under€the€Convention.€€Ð ¶ ÐÌ152.€€The€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€to€the€Government€of€Liechtenstein€for€its€high-levelÐ ˆØ Ðdelegation,€headed€by€the€Minister€for€Foreign€Affairs,€who€is€also€the€Minister€for€Family€AffairsÐ qÁ Ðand€Equality€between€Men€and€Women.€€This€enabled€the€Committee€to€obtain€a€realistic€pictureÐ Zª Ðof€the€progress€made€and€of€challenges€that€lay€ahead€in€the€achievement€of€equal€rights€of€womenÐ C“ Ðand€men.€€Ð ,| ÐÌòòPositive€aspectsóóÐ þN ÐÌ153.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€Government's€withdrawal€of€its€reservation€to€the€Convention.€Ð Ð!   ÐÌ154.€€The€Committee€notes€with€satisfaction€the€establishment€of€a€national€machinery€to€implementÐ ¢#ò" Ðthe€Convention€and€to€follow€up€and€implement€the€commitments€of€the€Platform€for€Action€adoptedÐ ‹$Û# Ðat€the€Fourth€World€Conference€on€Women.€€Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌ155.€€The€Committee€commends€Liechtenstein€on€its€accession€to€numerous€regional€andÐ F'–"& Ðinternational€human€rights€instruments.€€Ð /(#' ÐÌ156.€€The€Committee€also€commends€Liechtenstein€for€its€rapid€progress€in€removing€discriminatoryÐ *Q%) Ðlaws.Ð ê*:&* ÐÌòòFactors€and€difficulties€affecting€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÐ ¼, (, ÐÐ ¥-õ(- Ð157.€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€persistence€of€deep-seated€social€and€cultural€attitudes€whichÐ ° Ðimpede€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€and€inhibit€the€attainment€of€de€facto€equality.Ð ™é ÐÌòòPrincipal€areas€of€concern€and€recommendationsóóÐ k» ÐÌ158.€€The€Committee€expresses€concern€that€patriarchal€patterns€of€behaviour€persist€and€therebyÐ =  Ðcompromise€òòde€jureóó€equality€between€women€and€men€that€has€been€achieved.€€Ð & v ÐÌ159.€€The€Committee€expresses€deep€concern€at€the€persistence€of€de€facto€inequality€betweenÐ ø H Ðwomen€and€men,€which€is€particularly€reflected€in€the€low€participation€of€women€in€public€life€andÐ á 1  Ðdecision-making,€in€the€economy€and€in€their€under„representation€in€tertiary€education.€€Ð Ê   ÐÌ160.€€The€Committee€urges€the€Government€to€ensure€that€the€proposed€equality€rights€act€not€onlyÐ œì  Ðcovers€working€life,€but€extends€to€all€spheres€of€life,€in€order€to€accelerate€equality€in€both€publicÐ …Õ  Ðand€private€life.€€Ð n¾  ÐÌ161.€€The€Committee€urges€the€Government€to€improve€the€collection€and€use€of€data€disaggregatedÐ @ Ðby€sex€in€order€to€provide€strong€factual€information€on€the€situation€of€women€in€all€areas€coveredÐ )y Ðby€the€Convention,€and€on€the€progress€made€in€its€implementation€over€time.€€Such€information€willÐ b Ðprovide€the€basis€for€the€design€of€appropriate€policies€and€programmes€to€accelerate€theÐ ûK Ðachievement€of€equality.€€Ð ä4 ÐÌ162.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€about€the€situation€of€women€in€employment€and€work.€€ItÐ ¶ Ðexpresses€its€concern€about€the€highly€segregated€labour€market,€and€the€concentration€of€womenÐ Ÿï Ðin€low-paid€employment€and€part-time€work.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌ163.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€Government€avail€itself€of€the€existing€body€of€researchÐ Zª Ðand€practice€on€equal€pay€for€work€of€equal€and€comparable€value€in€order€to€overcome€payÐ C“ Ðinequity.€€The€Committee€also€recommends€that€the€Government€review€the€existing€system€ofÐ ,| Ðsocial€security,€particularly€with€regard€to€marginal€part-time€work€and€the€law€on€parental€leave,Ð e Ðwith€a€view€to€ensuring€that€the€system,€including€in€its€effects,€does€not€discriminate€againstÐ þN Ðwomen.Ð ç 7 ÐÌ164.€€While€commending€the€initiative€of€the€Government€to€subsidize€the€employment€of€womenÐ ¹" ! Ðin€private€enterprises,€the€Committee€notes€the€inadequacy€of€measures,€including€temporary€specialÐ ¢#ò" Ðmeasures€to€accelerate€de€facto€equality€between€women€and€men€and€affirmative€action€to€addressÐ ‹$Û# Ðthe€situation€of€women€in€all€areas.Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌ165.€€The€Committee€urges€the€Government€to€implement€temporary€special€measures€in€accordanceÐ F'–"& Ðwith€article€4,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Convention€in€order€to€accelerate€the€advancement€of€women€inÐ /(#' Ðall€areas.€€Temporary€special€measures€to€promote€women€have€been€successful€in€addressingÐ )h$( Ðstructural€discrimination€against€women€in€politics€and€employment€and€in€accelerating€de€factoÐ *Q%) Ðequality€for€women.Ð ê*:&* ÐÌ166.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€Government€to€realize€gender€equality€and€requests€that€itÐ ¼, (, Ðinclude€in€its€next€report€detailed€information€on€the€impact€of€policies€and€programmes€aimed€atÐ ¥-õ(- Ðimplementing€the€Convention€and€achieving€gender€equality.Ð ° ÐÌ167.€€The€Committee€expresses€serious€concern€regarding€the€issue€of€violence€against€women,€inÐ ‚Ò Ðparticular€the€lack€of€comprehensive€information€on€its€incidence.Ð k» ÐÌ168.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€Government€review€its€policies€and€measures€with€regardÐ =  Ðto€violence€against€women,€taking€into€consideration€general€recommendation€19€on€violenceÐ & v Ðagainst€women.€€It€also€recommends€that€a€review€be€made€of€the€law€relating€to€prostitution€toÐ  _ Ðensure€that€prostitutes€are€not€penalized.Ð ø H ÐÌ169.€€The€Committee€notes€the€high€number€of€children€born€out€of€wedlock.€€It€recommends€theÐ Ê   Ðdevelopment€of€studies€and€indicators€to€determine€the€impact€of€laws€and€policies€on€women,€sinceÐ ³  Ðlinkages€between€the€strict€anti-abortion€law€and€the€high€incidence€of€children€born€out€of€wedlockÐ œì  Ðmight€be€revealed.€€The€Committee€urges€the€Government€to€institute€measures€to€prevent€singleÐ …Õ  Ðmothers€from€facing€the€financial€and€social€risks€of€poverty.Ð n¾  ÐÌ170.€€The€Committee€requests€the€Government€of€Liechtenstein€to€provide€information€addressingÐ @ Ðthe€concerns€raised€in€the€present€concluding€comments€in€its€next€periodic€report€required€underÐ )y Ðarticle€18€of€the€Convention.Ð b ÐÌ171.€€The€Committee€requests€the€wide€dissemination€in€Liechtenstein€of€the€present€concludingÐ ä4 Ðcomments€in€order€to€make€the€people€of€Liechtenstein,€and€in€particular€its€governmentÐ Í Ðadministrators€and€politicians,€aware€of€the€steps€that€have€been€taken€to€ensure€òòde€jureóó€and€de€factoÐ ¶ Ðgender€equality€and€the€further€steps€required€in€this€regard.€€The€Committee€also€requests€theÐ Ÿï ÐGovernment€to€continue€to€disseminate€widely,€and€in€particular€to€women's€and€human€rightsÐ ˆØ Ðorganizations,€the€conventions,€the€Committee's€general€recommendations€and€the€BeijingÐ qÁ ÐDeclaration€and€Platform€for€Action.