ÿWPC[ øAnœ³ª«B‘HàñHÛ àeÅ¿±ÿœ¦{Ø “£6!霻S·5Æãß™×Ú{4ÓZs•wNÓyÀïˆÞýâ¨tÄk“²Ä]n6:á§½µ].ë‡ä+á@†Ò‡ædCôuEÕÍ óol(Öª„¢ Ù(žKœÛ?v¥#_!7¦;,¤M"¢+(ZNW|v×(Ë8$]ÿÜ¿ëâ#ïÝÏ+¼_ü(ïÂ3ŸNÜ1¹!áÒ nȉ?œWfÅÙõ{þ³ScDë-+5)ŸWR¸þã·ÚOÓgaÈ(q¬ãgÖR^ÏDô;`Ë™3—Ú˜âÁJÊnùòvp Ü]r¥I¦²À€·½Ÿ—ËŸ Ÿ±A[­$‰ûÕª–îÏUu=ÚüDŒC¤>™_ìh+ƻǀacRnD,¦ÔXS£r¥51„ÖzIòí†ÅÖò6Íøì$|‡¸V}‘£Õ'ŠŠKÛàµþK3…Ñîé{ÒÝ»ÀGBè“M“/Æv-WØOp9Lf'e©ØÁì˜äÛ¥Åa{Ÿþƒ§˜js«~‰É8UÃEQïqO’íø£¶›ilÙ;5œ¾‹E°ÐÑíÌ–h¢KW|nÛ|»îpŸr‡/ÏRÇZOÜ Q0: #Á¶UNw %Å 0:Ë^ w4)8 m:QNY˜HP LaserJet 4P,ü,,,,,ü0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ôׂl, &bœ+83|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  Ó€Ô€¼í »XXÔò òMONGOLIAó óÐ ° ÐÌÌÔ€X¹àX»¼í ÔÓ  Óò òCRC€€A/51/41€Ô_Ô(1996)ó óÔ_ÔÐ è8 ÐÌÌ31.€€òòConcluding€observationsóó:Ð ¬ ü ÐÌ844.€€The€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Mongolia€(CRC/C/3/Add.32)€at€its€264òòthóó€to€266òòthóó€Ð „ Ô Ðmeetings€(CRC/C/SR.264-266),€on€10€and€11€January€1996,€and€adopted,€at€its€287òòthóó€meeting,€onÐ p À  Ð26€January€1996,€the€following€concluding€observations.Ð \¬  ÐÌ(a)€€òòIntroductionóóÐ 4„  ÐÌ845.€€The€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€to€the€Government€of€Mongolia€for€the€submissionÐ  \  Ðof€its€initial€report,€its€written€information€in€reply€to€the€questions€set€out€in€the€list€of€issuesÐ øH Ð(CRC/C/11/WP.2)€and€its€constructive€and€fruitful€dialogue.€€The€Committee€is€encouraged€by€theÐ ä4 Ðfrank€and€cooperative€tone€of€the€discussion,€in€which€the€representatives€of€the€State€party€indicatedÐ Ð  Ðnot€only€the€policy€and€programme€directions,€but€also€the€difficulties€encountered€duringÐ ¼  Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.Ð ¨ø ÐÌ(b)€€òòPositive€factorsóóÐ €Ð ÐÌ846.€€The€Committee€takes€note€with€satisfaction€that€the€Government€has€put€children€high€on€itsÐ X¨ Ðpolitical€agenda,€during€a€difficult€period€of€political€and€economic€transition,€by€organizing€severalÐ D” Ðhigh-level€meetings,€such€as€the€National€Summit€on€Child€Protection€and€Development€(1995),€byÐ 0€ Ðdeclaring€1995€the€Year€for€Children€and€1996€the€Year€for€Education€and€by€allocating€20€per€centÐ l Ðof€its€national€budget€to€education.Ð X ÐÌ847.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€State€party's€wish€to€seek€advice€and€technical€assistance€toÐ à0 Ðensure€full€implementation€of€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€in€its€legislation€and€in€the€field€ofÐ Ì  Ðthe€administration€of€juvenile€justice.Ð ¸! ÐÌ848.€€The€Committee€notes€the€efforts€by€the€Government€in€the€field€of€law€reform,€especially€theÐ #à! Ðadoption€of€a€new€Constitution,€a€new€law€on€education€and€the€current€drafting€of€legislation€on€theÐ |$Ì" Ðrights€of€the€child.Ð h%¸ # ÐÌ849.€€The€Committee€also€welcomes€the€establishment€of€mechanisms€to€deal€with€children's€issuesÐ @'"% Ðand€the€question€of€children's€rights,€in€particular€the€National€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€for€Children€and€the€NationalÐ ,(|#& ÐCouncil€for€Children.Ð )h$' ÐÌ850.€€The€Committee€is€encouraged€by€the€Government's€willingness€to€disseminate€the€ConventionÐ ð*@&) Ðwithin€Mongolian€society€and€to€make€public€through€the€media,€and€especially€televisionÐ Ü+,'* Ðprogrammes,€all€its€related€actions.Ð È,(+ ÐÐ ´-), Ð(c)€€òòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÐ ° ÐÌ851.€€The€Committee€notes€the€difficulties€facing€Mongolia€in€the€present€period€of€politicalÐ ˆØ Ðtransition,€social€change€and€deep€economic€crisis.€€The€situation€of€many€children€has€worsened€asÐ tÄ Ða€consequence€of€growing€poverty€and€increasing€unemployment.€€The€Committee€also€notes€theÐ `° Ðgeographical€and€climatic€particularities€of€Mongolia,€which€can,€to€some€extent,€affect€the€daily€lifeÐ L œ Ðof€children.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ(d)€€òòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÐ  ` ÐÌ852.€€The€Committee€is€worried€about€the€impact€on€children€of€the€difficult€economic€situationÐ è 8  Ðprevailing€in€the€country.€€In€this€connection,€it€is€particularly€concerned€as€to€whether€appropriateÐ Ô$  Ðmeasures€have€been€taken€to€protect€children,€particularly€those€belonging€to€the€most€vulnerableÐ À  Ðgroups,€in€the€light€of€articles€3€and€4€of€the€Convention.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ853.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€insufficient€attention€paid€to€the€need€for€an€efficientÐ „Ô  Ðcoordination€mechanism€between€various€ministries,€as€well€as€between€central€authorities€and€localÐ pÀ Ðauthorities,€in€the€implementation€of€policies€for€the€promotion€and€protection€of€the€rights€of€theÐ \¬ Ðchild.Ð H˜ ÐÌ854.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€insufficient€attention€paid€to€systematic€and€comprehensiveÐ  p Ðdata€collection,€identification€of€appropriate€indicators€and€monitoring€mechanisms€in€all€areasÐ  \ Ðcovered€by€the€Convention,€especially€the€most€hidden,€such€as€child€abuse€or€ill-treatment,€and€alsoÐ øH Ðin€relation€to€all€groups€of€children,€including€minority€group€children,€nomad€children,€children€ofÐ ä4 Ðsingle-parent€families,€children€in€rural€areas,€institutionalized€and€disabled€children€and€childrenÐ Ð  Ðliving€and/or€working€on€the€streets.Ð ¼  ÐÌ855.€€The€Committee€expresses€its€concern€that€the€State€party€has€not€yet€taken€fully€into€accountÐ ”ä Ðin€its€legislation€the€general€principles€of€the€Convention:€€article€2€(principle€of€non-discrimination),Ð €Ð Ðarticle€3€(principle€of€the€best€interests€of€the€child),€article€6€(right€to€life,€survival€and€development)Ð l¼ Ðand€article€12€(respect€for€the€views€of€the€child).Ð X ¨ ÐÌ856.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€insufficient€steps€undertaken€to€ensure€birth€registration€ofÐ 0"€  Ðchildren€and€by€the€fact€that€children€living€in€remote€areas€might€not€be€registered€and€may€thereforeÐ #l! Ðbe€deprived€of€their€fundamental€rights.Ð $X" ÐÌ857.€€The€Committee€is€worried€by€the€absence€of€legislation€regulating€international€adoptions.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ858.€€The€Committee€is€worried€by€the€high€rate€of€school€drop-outs,€especially€among€boys€livingÐ ¸'#& Ðin€rural€areas,€and€the€reported€increase€of€child€labour.€€It€is€also€concerned€by€the€difficultiesÐ ¤(ô#' Ðencountered€by€children€living€in€rural€and€remote€areas€and€by€disabled€children€in€their€access€toÐ )à$( Ðbasic€services,€such€as€health€care,€social€services€and€education.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ859.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€appropriate€measures€have€not€yet€been€taken€to€prevent€andÐ T,¤'+ Ðcombat€effectively€ill-treatment€of€children€within€the€family€and€about€the€insufficient€informationÐ @-(, Ðexisting€on€this€matter.€€The€problem€of€sexual€exploitation€of€children€also€requires€specialÐ ° Ðattention.Ð œì ÐÌ860.€€The€situation€in€relation€to€the€administration€of€juvenile€justice€and€in€particular€itsÐ tÄ Ðcompatibility€with€articles€37€and€40€of€the€Convention,€as€well€as€other€relevant€standards,€such€asÐ `° Ðthe€Beijing€Rules,€the€Riyadh€Guidelines€and€the€United€Nations€Rules€for€the€Protection€ofÐ L œ ÐJuveniles€Deprived€of€their€Liberty,€is€a€matter€of€concern€to€the€Committee.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ(e)€€òòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÐ  ` ÐÌ861.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€further€steps€to€strengthen€coordinationÐ è 8  Ðbetween€the€different€governmental€mechanisms€involved€in€human€rights€and€children's€rights,€atÐ Ô$  Ðboth€the€central€and€local€levels,€and€ensure€closer€cooperation€with€non-governmental€organizations.Ð À  ÐÌ862.€€The€Committee€further€recommends€that€the€State€party€undertake€to€gather€all€necessaryÐ ˜è  Ðinformation€on€the€situation€of€children€in€the€various€areas€covered€by€the€Convention,€includingÐ „Ô  Ðon€children€belonging€to€the€most€vulnerable€groups.€€It€also€suggests€that€a€multi€disciplinaryÐ pÀ Ðmonitoring€system€be€established€to€assess€the€progress€achieved€and€difficulties€encountered€in€theÐ \¬ Ðrealization€of€the€rights€recognized€by€the€Convention€at€the€central€and€local€levels,€and€in€particularÐ H˜ Ðto€monitor€regularly€the€effects€of€economic€change€on€children.€€Such€a€monitoring€system€shouldÐ 4„ Ðenable€the€State€party€to€shape€appropriate€policies€and€to€combat€prevailing€social€disparities€andÐ  p Ðtraditional€prejudices.€€The€Committee€also€encourages€the€State€party€to€consider€the€establishmentÐ  \ Ðof€an€independent€mechanism,€such€as€an€Ô_ÔombudspersonÔ_Ô.Ð øH ÐÌ863.€€The€Committee€is€of€the€opinion€that€greater€efforts€are€required€to€make€the€provisions€andÐ Ð  Ðprinciples€of€the€Convention€widely€known€and€understood€by€adults€and€children€alike,€in€the€lightÐ ¼  Ðof€article€42€of€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€wishes€to€encourage€the€State€party€to€furtherÐ ¨ø Ðdevelop€a€systematic€approach€to€increasing€public€awareness€of€the€participatory€rights€of€childrenÐ ”ä Ðin€the€light€of€article€12€of€the€Convention.Ð €Ð ÐÌ864.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€periodic€training€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô€on€the€rights€of€the€child€beÐ X ¨ Ðorganized€for€professional€groups€working€with€or€for€children€including€teachers,€law€enforcementÐ D!” Ðofficials,€social€workers€and€judges,€and€that€human€rights€and€children's€rights€be€included€in€theirÐ 0"€  Ðtraining€curricula.Ð #l! ÐÌ865.€€Children's€birth€registration€should€be€given€priority€to€ensure€that€every€child€is€recognizedÐ ô$D # Ðas€a€person€and€enjoys€his/her€full€rights.€€The€Committee€encourages€further€steps€to€ensure€birthÐ à%0!$ Ðregistration€of€children,€including€the€establishment€of€mobile€registrations€offices.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ866.€€In€the€light€of€article€2€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€also€recommends€that€the€State€partyÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtake€all€necessary€measures€to€fight€school€drop-out€among€boys€in€rural€areas€and€to€prevent€theirÐ )à$( Ðinvolvement€in€child€labour,€and€to€reinforce€access€to€basic€services€for€children€(health,€educationÐ |*Ì%) Ðand€social€care)€in€rural€areas€and€for€disabled€children€throughout€the€country.Ð h+¸&* ÐÌ867.€€The€Committee€recommends€that,€in€the€framework€of€its€legal€reform,€the€Government€takeÐ @-(, Ðfully€into€account€the€provisions€of€the€Convention,€especially€its€general€principles€(arts.€2,€3,€6€andÐ ° Ð12).Ð œì ÐÌ868.€€In€relation€to€inter„country€adoption,€the€Committee€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€State€partyÐ tÄ Ðshould,€as€soon€as€possible,€draft€and€adopt€legislation€to€regulate€this€activity.€€The€State€party€isÐ `° Ðalso€encouraged€to€ratify€the€Hague€Convention€on€Protection€of€Children€and€Cooperation€in€respectÐ L œ Ðof€Inter„country€Adoption€of€1993.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ869.€€In€order€to€promote€the€protection€of€refugee€children,€the€Committee€recommends€that€theÐ  ` ÐState€party€ratify€the€1951€Convention€relating€to€the€Status€of€Refugees.Ð ü L  ÐÌ870.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€Government€of€Mongolia€to€pay€particular€attention€to€the€fullÐ Ô$  Ðimplementation€of€article€4€of€the€Convention€and€to€ensure€judicious€distribution€of€resources€at€theÐ À  Ðcentral€and€local€levels.€€Budget€allocations€for€the€implementation€of€economic,€social€and€culturalÐ ¬ü  Ðrights€should€be€ensured€to€the€maximum€extent€of€available€resources€and€in€the€light€of€the€bestÐ ˜è  Ðinterests€of€the€child.Ð „Ô  ÐÌ871.€€In€the€light€of€article€19€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€further€recommends€that€theÐ \¬ ÐGovernment€take€all€appropriate€measures,€including€legislative€ones,€to€combat€ill-treatment€withinÐ H˜ Ðthe€family€and€sexual€abuse€of€children.€€It€suggests,€òòinter€aliaóó,€that€the€authorities€gather€informationÐ 4„ Ðand€initiate€a€comprehensive€study€to€improve€understanding€of€the€nature€and€scope€of€the€problemÐ  p Ðand€set€up€social€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô€to€prevent€all€types€of€child€abuse.Ð  \ ÐÌ872.€€In€the€field€of€the€administration€of€juvenile€justice,€the€Committee€recommends€that€legalÐ ä4 Ðreform€be€pursued€and€take€fully€into€account€the€Convention,€in€particular€articles€37,€39€and€40,Ð Ð  Ðand€other€relevant€international€standards€in€this€field,€such€as€the€Beijing€Rules,€the€RiyadhÐ ¼  ÐGuidelines€and€the€United€Nations€Rules€for€the€Protection€of€Juveniles€Deprived€of€their€Liberty.€Ð ¨ø ÐParticular€attention€should€be€paid€to€the€prevention€of€juvenile€delinquency,€the€protection€of€theÐ ”ä Ðrights€of€children€deprived€of€their€liberty,€respect€for€fundamental€rights€and€legal€safeguards€in€allÐ €Ð Ðaspects€of€the€juvenile€justice€system€and€full€independence€and€impartiality€of€the€judiciary€dealingÐ l¼ Ðwith€juveniles.Ð X ¨ ÐÌ873.€€In€the€framework€of€the€ongoing€technical€assistance€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô€of€the€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€for€HumanÐ 0"€  ÐRights€and€the€Crime€Prevention€and€Criminal€Justice€Branch,€law€reform€in€the€field€of€children'sÐ #l! Ðrights€and€training€of€professionals€working€with€children€should€be€initiated.€€Special€attentionÐ $X" Ðshould€be€paid€to€training€in€the€relevant€international€standards,€in€particular€for€judges,€lawÐ ô$D # Ðenforcement€officials,€correctional€officers€and€social€workers.€€The€Government€is€encouraged€toÐ à%0!$ Ðconsider€requesting€this€specific€assistance€from€the€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€and€the€Branch.€€It€is€further€suggestedÐ Ì&"% Ðthat€the€Government€consider€seeking€technical€assistance€from€other€relevant€organizations,Ð ¸'#& Ðincluding€ILO,€Ô_ÔUNHCRÔ_Ô,€UNICEF€and€WHO.€€The€Committee€also€encourages€the€internationalÐ ¤(ô#' Ðcommunity€to€provide€technical€assistance€and€advice€to€the€State€party€in€its€current€efforts.Ð )à$( ÐÌ874.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€disseminate€widely€the€State€party's€report,€theÐ h+¸&* Ðsummary€records€of€the€discussion€of€the€report€within€the€Committee€and€the€concludingÐ T,¤'+ Ðobservations€adopted€by€the€Committee€following€its€consideration€of€the€report.€€The€CommitteeÐ @-(, Ðwould€like€to€suggest€that€these€documents€be€brought€to€the€attention€of€Parliament€and€that€theÐ ° Ðsuggestions€and€recommendations€for€action€contained€therein€be€followed€up.€€In€this€regard,€theÐ œì ÐCommittee€suggests€that€cooperation€with€non-governmental€organizations€be€reinforced.Ð ˆØ Ð