ÿWPCú  n0ÖC„ w·Wá‚R}n韶W#dyì†Ë+#U µÖC„“¾X¼âÿT8'£&¾”—PŸŒwòéÏkŒ5Œ¬5j¾ˆA3NâŒÙé´JFs M2†§„Ö‰‚·£™¸„›I/L7±„ñ”ûòÝŽžøªTS±4}f£?!?… ’Õ„e(—ããp‚°×Ç.ó£Y5ܨ™APƒ`lûú‰àµJ'™·0Ä…Qçb+³Žhéè˽îÚ9'•Ÿ¤ôÇMÇ*”‚;Ý;;6÷½YA6z)Æ¥U¾(Ù…ë~º5`fìîˆ% ›ñ—›}ؽ ÝùÕpNµ ¹¨ø6|·ìëÞ«ü5áx÷ÿbÞÓ.î¬ciÒMðLaf*“Áòq¹œ ¯Œ êçÀRáÂÑ[lœIÀjõ.æÖH$YG–µC«®Wh]ÏjÀN^¬S¿iðw–»¯ô¡îYRžcl;™<š¦¶ˆ;¯«b¦H(;Ëgƒ½/…“N¿²­¯£–‹šìÞhÍdÃy[Uåc?b‚ä@‘`19úl—'ûÔ4k/LÁ—Åå¬àg}ÎÎ80f…÷ü½EAd=1{©Å‚A†}¶$±DígŽIÝ£ÏdÐÊîÜ—átôÌž€[7/ )ždTð•m,#ÁhUN) %w 0:} 0î· 0ë¥ 0è 0åx 0â] 0ß? 0Ü 0Ùú 0ÖÓ 0Ü© 0Ù… 0Ö^ 0Ó4 0Ð 0Í× 0ʤ 0Çn 0Ä5 0Ûù 0ØÔ 0Õ¬ 0Ò 0ÏS 0Ì" 0Éî 0Æ· 0Ã} 0@ 0â\ 0>U*D D wn U@r ^ ² 4¾ Ò á mã ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ô2G+J ÿÿ0_level1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2D+J ÿÿ0_level2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2A+J ÿÿ0_level3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>+J ÿÿ0_level4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;+J ÿÿ0_level5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28+J ÿÿ0_level6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25+J ÿÿ0_level7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22+J ÿÿ0_level8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2/+J ÿÿ0_level9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2GJ ÿÿ0_levsl1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2DJ ÿÿ0_levsl2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2AJ ÿÿ0_levsl3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>J ÿÿ0_levsl4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;J ÿÿ0_levsl5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28J ÿÿ0_levsl6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25J ÿÿ0_levsl7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22J ÿÿ0_levsl8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2/J ÿÿ0_levsl9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2GJ ÿÿ0_levnl1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2DJ ÿÿ0_levnl2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2AJ ÿÿ0_levnl3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>J ÿÿ0_levnl4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;J ÿÿ0_levnl5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28J ÿÿ0_levnl6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25J ÿÿ0_levnl7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22J ÿÿ0_levnl8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2/J ÿÿ0_levnl9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó6s fÿÿ4Heading 1Ó  Óò òÔ‡XXXÔÔ?‡#%ä2¼A`‹Arial?ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÓ  Óó óÔ?‡#%ä2¼A`‹Arial?ÔÔ‡XXXÔ2XXÿÿ0ParaNo.Ô‡XXXÔÔ?‡#%ä2¼A`‹Arial?ÔÔ?‡#%ä2¼A`‹Arial?ÔÔ‡XXXÔ6h [ÿÿ4Heading 3ò òÔ‡XXXÔÔ?‡#%ä2¼A`‹Arial?ÔÔ  ÔÔ  Ôó óÔ?‡#%ä2¼A`‹Arial?ÔÔ‡XXXÔ%ä2¼A`‹Arial(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman úµ;- eû* DocumeÄB 3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òÔ‡¼´$»XXÔÓ  ÓMOZAMBIQUEÔ#†XéX»¼´$@#ÔÐ ° ÐÓ_ÓÌCRC€Ô_ÔCRCÔ_Ô/C/114€(2002)Ð ° Ðó óÔ‡&XéXXXéÔÌÓ  ÓÌ250.€€The€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Mozambique€(CRC/C/41/Add.11)€at€its€761stÐ t Ä Ðand€762nd€meetings€(see€CRC/C/SR.761-762),€held€on€22€January€2002,€and€adopted,€at€the€777òòthóóÐ ` ° Ðmeeting€(CRC/C/SR.777)€held€on€1€February€2002,€the€following€concluding€observations.Ð L œ ÐÌA.€€òòIntroductionóóÐ $ t  ÐÌ251.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€submission€of€the€State€partyððs€extremely€frank,€self-critical,Ð üL  Ðinformative€and€very€useful€initial€report,€which€followed€the€Committeeððs€reporting€guidelinesÐ è8  Ð(CRC/C/5),€and€the€written€replies€to€its€list€of€issues€(CRC/C/Q/Ô_ÔMOZÔ_Ô/1).€€The€Committee€alsoÐ Ô$  Ðnotes€the€constructive€dialogue€held€with€the€State€partyððs€large€and€high-ranking€delegation.Ð À  ÐÌB.€€òòPositive€factorsóóÐ ˜è ÐÌ252.€€The€Committee€notes€the€State€partyððs€achievement€of€significant€economic€improvements€andÐ pÀ Ðthe€adoption€by€the€Government€of€a€National€Plan€for€the€Reduction€of€Poverty.Ð \¬ ÐÌ253.€€The€Committee€notes€the€State€partyððs€tremendous€progress€in€repatriating€and€rehabilitatingÐ 4„ Ðthe€hundreds€of€thousands€of€persons€displaced€from€their€homes€during€the€armed€conflict,€and€inÐ  p Ðde-mining.€€The€Committee€notes,€further,€the€very€significant€contribution€made€by€the€State€partyÐ  \ Ðto€implementing€the€international€landmines€treaty.Ð øH ÐÌ254.€€The€Committee€notes€the€State€partyððs€efforts€to:Ð Ð  ÐÌ(a)€€Undertake€a€comprehensive€review€of€major€legal€codes,€with€a€view€to€ensuring€theirÐ ¨ø Ðcompatibility€with€the€Convention€and€the€inclusion€of€the€principle€of€the€best€interests€of€the€childÐ ”ä Ðin€the€Constitution;Ð € Ð ÐÌ(b)€€Establish€the€Ministry€for€Women€and€Coordination€of€Social€Action;Ð X"¨  ÐÌ(c)€€Translate€the€Convention€into€some€local€languages;Ð 0$€" ÐÌ(d)€€Inform€civil€servants€about€the€Convention.Ð &X!$ ÐÌ255.€€The€Committee€notes€the€State€partyððs:Ð à'0#& ÐÌ(a)€€Establishment€of€a€childrenððs€parliament;Ð ¸)%( ÐÌ(b)€€Efforts€to€prevent€discrimination€against€children,€as€described€in€the€State€partyððs€report;Ð +à&* ÐÌ(c)€€Inclusion€of€environmental€education€in€school€curricula.Ð h-¸(, Ї256.€€The€Committee€notes,€further,€the€State€partyððs€efforts€towards€securing€respect€for€the€rightsÐ ° Ðof€children€with€disabilities,€including:€Ð œì ÐÌ(a)€€The€undertaking€of€a€survey€and€subsequent€efforts€to€review€legislation€on€persons€withÐ tÄ Ðdisabilities,€covering€education,€health,€transport,€labour,€defence,€and€finance;Ð `° ÐÌ(b)€€Council€of€Ministers€resolution€20/99€approving€the€ð ðPolicy€on€the€disabled€personðð.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌC.€€òòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÐ  ` ÐÌ257.€€The€Committee€notes:Ð è 8  ÐÌ(a)€€The€heavy€economic€and€social€burden€carried€by€the€State€party€as€a€legacy€of€the€civil€war€thatÐ À  Ðended€in€1992;Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ(b)€€In€spite€of€the€progress€made€in€de-mining,€the€continuing€presence€of€landmines€in€many€partsÐ „Ô  Ðof€the€country;Ð pÀ ÐÌ(c)€€The€difficulties€created€in€the€short€term€by€the€structural€adjustment€programmes€and€theÐ H˜ Ðconstraints€imposed€by€debt€repayment€schedules;Ð 4„ ÐÌ(d)€€Recent€economic€improvements€notwithstanding,€the€extreme€poverty€of€a€large€proportion€ofÐ  \ Ðthe€State€partyððs€population;€the€continuing€dependence€of€many€families€upon€money€sent€home€byÐ øH ÐMozambicans€working€in€neighbouring€countries,€and€the€recent€decrease€in€this€income;Ð ä4 ÐÌ(e)€€The€weaknesses€in€national€infrastructure,€including€road€communications;Ð ¼  ÐÌ(f)€€The€increasing€migration€of€people€from€rural€communities€to€urban€centres€that€are€unable€toÐ ”ä Ðsupport€such€large€populations.Ð €Ð ÐÌ258.€€The€Committee€notes€the€HIV/AIDS€pandemic€and€its€severe€impact€on€children€and€on€theÐ X ¨ ÐState€party€as€a€whole.Ð D!” ÐÌ259.€€The€Committee€notes,€in€addition,€the€frequent€occurrence€of€natural€disasters€including,Ð #l! Ðnotably,€severe€flooding€which€has€a€serious€social€and€economic€impact.Ð $X" ÐÌD.€€òòPrincipal€subjects€of€concern,€suggestions€and€recommendationsóóÐ à%0!$ ÐÌ1.€€òòGeneral€measures€of€implementationóóÐ ¸'#& ÐÌòòLegislationóóÐ )à$( ÐÌ260.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€there€remain€inconsistencies€between€domestic€legislationÐ h+¸&* Ðand€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€is€also€concerned€that,€as€indicated€in€the€State€partyððs€report,Ð T,¤'+ Ðin€instances€where€it€conflicts€with€international€instruments€domestic€legislation€prevails,€and€thatÐ @-(, Ðinconsistencies€between€the€two€may€lead€to€violations€of€the€Convention.Ð ° ÐÌ261.€€Noting€the€State€partyððs€significant€efforts€to€address€inconsistencies€between€domesticÐ ˆØ Ðlegislation€and€the€Convention,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð tÄ ÐÌ(a)€€Continue€and€strengthen€its€efforts€to€amend€legislation€so€that€it€conforms€fully€with€theÐ L œ ÐConvention,€or€to€adopt€legislation€that€so€conforms;Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ(b)€€Take€steps€to€ensure€that€no€legislation€is€implemented€in€a€manner€that€would€infringe€the€StateÐ  ` Ðpartyððs€obligations€under€the€Convention;Ð ü L  ÐÌ(c)€€Pursue€its€efforts€to€resume€the€process€of€drafting€and€adopting€a€comprehensive€childrenððs€codeÐ Ô$  Ðincorporating,òò€òòóóinter€aliaóó,€the€principles€of€the€Convention;Ð À  ÐÌ(d)€€Seek€assistance€from€UNICEF€and€Ô_ÔOHCHRÔ_Ô€in€this€regard.Ð ˜è  ÐÌòòImplementation,€coordination€and€evaluationóóÐ pÀ ÐÌ262.€€While€noting€the€valuable€contribution€of€the€Ministry€for€Women€and€Social€Affairs€(Ô_ÔMICASÔ_Ô)Ð H˜ Ðin€supporting€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€by€other€sectoral€ministries,€the€CommitteeÐ 4„ Ðremains€concerned:Ð  p ÐÌ(a)€€That€there€is€no€single€body€with€responsibility€for€the€development€of€child€rights€policy,€plansÐ øH Ðand€programming;Ð ä4 ÐÌ(b)€€That€the€Conventionððs€implementation€is€insufficiently€coordinated€between€the€variousÐ ¼  Ðministries€and€other€relevant€organs,€and€between€the€national€and€local€levels;Ð ¨ø ÐÌ(c)€€That€there€are€severe€disparities€in€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€in€rural€and€urbanÐ €Ð Ðareas.Ð l¼ ÐÌ263.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð D!” ÐÌ(a)€€Establish€a€single€mechanism€for€the€development€of€child€rights€policy,€plans€and€programming,Ð #l! Ðand€for€the€coordination€of€the€State€partyððs€implementation€of€the€Convention;Ð $X" ÐÌ(b)€€Significantly€strengthen€Ô_ÔMICASÔ_Ô€with€additional€financial,€technical€and€human€resources;Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ(c)€€Make€special€efforts€to€improve€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€in€rural€areas,€with€a€viewÐ ¸'#& Ðto€reducing€disparities€with€how€the€Convention€is€implemented€in€urban€centres;Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌ(d)€€Proceed€to€implement€the€National€Plan€for€the€Reduction€of€Poverty.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌòòIndependent€monitoring€structureóóÐ T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð264.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€absence€of€an€independent€mechanism€for€monitoring€theÐ ° Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention.Ð œì ÐÌ265.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð tÄ ÐÌ(a)€€Establish€an€independent€body€with€responsibility€for€monitoring€implementation€of€theÐ L œ ÐConvention,€in€accordance€with€the€Paris€principles;Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ(b)€€Ensure€that€any€monitoring€mechanism€include€child-sensitive€procedures€through€whichÐ  ` Ðchildren€can€make€complaints€of€abuses€of€their€rights.Ð ü L  ÐÌòòResources€for€childrenóóÐ Ô$  ÐÌ266.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€many€State€institutions€of€direct€relevance€to€theÐ ¬ü  Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention,€including€in€the€areas€of€health€and€education,€are€severelyÐ ˜è  Ðunder-Ô_ÔresourcedÔ_Ô€and€lack€material€and€human€resources,€in€particular.Ð „Ô  ÐÌ267.€€In€the€light€of€article€4€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€partyÐ \¬ Ðincrease€the€proportion€of€resources€spent€on€health,€education€and€other€priority€areas,€to€theÐ H˜ Ðmaximum€extent€possible,€with€a€view€to€ensuring€access€to€these€services€for€all€children,€whereÐ 4„ Ðneeded€within€the€framework€of€international€cooperation.Ð  p ÐÌòòDataóóÐ øH ÐÌ268.€€The€Committee€joins€the€State€party€in€expressing€serious€concern€at€the€continuing€lack€of€anÐ Ð  Ðorganized€system€for€gathering€data€of€relevance€to€the€implementation€of€the€Convention.Ð ¼  ÐÌ269.€€Noting€the€State€partyððs€efforts€in€this€regard,€the€Committee€urges€the€State€party€to:Ð ”ä ÐÌ(a)€€Develop€further€its€data€collection€mechanisms€with€a€view€to€creating€an€effective€system€forÐ l¼ Ðcollecting€Ô_ÔdisaggregatedÔ_Ô€data€on€all€areas€of€relevance€to€the€implementation€of€the€Convention;Ð X ¨ ÐÌ(b)€€Strengthen€its€efforts€to€use€the€data€collected€to€improve€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionÐ 0"€  Ðand€to€assess€the€progress€achieved.Ð #l! ÐÌòòDissemination€of€the€ConventionóóÐ ô$D # ÐÌ270.€€While€noting€recent€efforts,€including€the€translation€of€certain€articles€of€the€Convention€intoÐ Ì&"% Ðsome€local€languages,€the€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€areÐ ¸'#& Ðinsufficiently€known€and€understood€in€the€State€party.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌ271.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ(a)€€Continue€efforts€to€translate€the€whole€of€the€Convention€into€the€most€widely€spoken€nationalÐ T,¤'+ Ðlanguages€and€that€these€translations€be€used€for,€interalia,€radio€and€theatre€presentations€accessibleÐ @-(, Ðto€persons€who€are€illiterate;Ð ° ÐÌ(b)€€Strengthen€and€increase€efforts€to€provide€child€rights€training€for€professionals€-€such€asÐ ˆØ Ðteachers,€health€professionals€including€psychological€care€specialists,€social€workers,€lawÐ tÄ Ðenforcement€officials,€national€ministerial€and€local€government€officials€with€responsibility€forÐ `° Ðchildrenððs€rights€-€children€and€the€population€in€general€on€the€Convention€and€its€principles€andÐ L œ Ðprovisions;Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ(c)€€Adopt€measures€to€ensure€that€such€an€information€campaign€reaches,òò€inter€aliaóó,€ruralÐ  ` Ðcommunities€and€illiterate€persons.Ð ü L  ÐÌ2.€€òòDefinition€of€the€childóóÐ Ô$  ÐÌ272.€€The€Committee€is€concerned:Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ(a)€€At€differences€in€the€minimum€age€of€marriage€for€girls€(14)€and€boys€(16);Ð „Ô  ÐÌ(b)€€That€the€varying€definitions€of€the€child€under€local€customary€law€may€be€inconsistent€with€theÐ \¬ ÐConvention;Ð H˜ ÐÌ(c)€€That€domestic€legislation€permits€the€conscription€of€children€under€the€age€of€18€under€certainÐ  p Ðcircumstances.Ð  \ ÐÌ273.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ä4 ÐÌ(a)€€Increase€the€age€of€marriage€of€girls€to€that€of€boys;Ð ¼  ÐÌ(b)€€Ensure€that€the€definitions€of€the€child€under€local€customary€law€are€consistent€with€relevantÐ ”ä Ðprovisions€of€the€Convention;Ð €Ð ÐÌ(c)€€Ensure€that€domestic€legislation€prevents€the€conscription€of€young€people€under€the€age€of€18;Ð X ¨ Ðand€consider€establishing€18€as€the€minimum€age€for€voluntary€recruitment.Ð D!” ÐÌ3.€€òòGeneral€principlesóóÐ #l! ÐÌòòNon-discriminationóóÐ ô$D # ÐÌ274.€€While€noting€that€the€State€partyððs€Constitution€prohibits€discrimination,€the€Committee€isÐ Ì&"% Ðconcerned€that:Ð ¸'#& ÐÌ(a)€€Girls€are€particularly€vulnerable€to€gender€discrimination€and€that€some€aspects€of€customaryÐ )à$( Ðlaw,€particularly€in€the€context€of€property€rights,€reinforce€such€discrimination;Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ(b)€€Aspects€of€domestic€legislation,€including€the€Law€on€the€Family€and€Inheritance,€areÐ T,¤'+ Ðdiscriminatory€against€women€and,€in€this€context,€may€negatively€affect€respect€for€the€rights€ofÐ @-(, Ðchildren,€especially€girls;Ð ° ÐÌ(c)€€Discrimination€against€children€with€disabilities€is€prevalent,€as€indicated€in€the€State€partyððsÐ ˆØ Ðreport,€and€girls€with€disabilities€may€suffer€multiple€forms€of€discrimination.Ð tÄ ÐÌ275.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð L œ ÐÌ(a)€€Continue€its€efforts€to€ensure€the€compatibility€of€all€domestic€legislation€and€of€customary€lawÐ $ t Ðpractices€with€article€2€of€the€Convention,€giving€particular€attention€to€gender€discrimination;Ð  ` ÐÌ(b)€€Make€every€effort€to€implement€the€1999€Land€Law€in€such€a€way€as€to€address€some€aspectsÐ è 8  Ðof€discrimination€against€women;Ð Ô$  ÐÌ(c)€€Make€every€effort€to€address€all€forms€of€discrimination€against€children€with€disabilities€andÐ ¬ü  Ðensure€that€such€discrimination€is€prohibited€under€the€law;Ð ˜è  ÐÌ(d)€€Undertake€public€education€campaigns€directed€towards€ending€all€forms€of€discrimination,€asÐ pÀ Ðprovided€for€in€the€Convention;Ð \¬ ÐÌ(e)€€Seek€assistance€from,€òòinter€aliaóó,€UNICEF,€particularly€with€regard€to€the€education€of€girls,€andÐ 4„ Ðthe€involvement€of€communities€in€eliminating€gender€inequalities.Ð  p ÐÌ276.€€The€Committee€requests€that€specific€information€be€included€in€the€next€periodic€report€onÐ øH Ðthe€measures€and€programmes€relevant€to€the€Convention€undertaken€by€the€State€party€to€followÐ ä4 Ðup€on€the€Declaration€and€Programme€of€Action€adopted€at€the€2001€World€Conference€againstÐ Ð  ÐRacism,€Racial€Discrimination,€Xenophobia€and€Related€Intolerance,€taking€account€of€generalÐ ¼  Ðcomment€No.€1€on€article€29€(1)€of€the€Convention€(aims€of€education).Ð ¨ø ÐÌòòBest€interests€of€the€childóóÐ €Ð ÐÌ277.€€While€acknowledging€that€the€principle€of€the€best€interests€of€the€child€has€been€included€inÐ X ¨ Ðthe€Constitution,€the€Committee€is€concerned€that:Ð D!” ÐÌ(a)€€The€best€interests€principle€is€not€included€in€all€other€legislation€relevant€to€children;Ð #l! ÐÌ(b)€€As€noted€in€paragraph€89€of€the€State€partyððs€report,€ð ðThere€is€no€uniform€or€systematicÐ ô$D # Ðacceptance€of€the€importance€of€this€concept€at€central,€provincial€or€local€levelsðð€and€that€theÐ à%0!$ Ðprinciple€ð ðis€sometimes€absent€from€the€definition€of€policies€that€are€important€for€the€lives€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðchildrenðð.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌ278.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð )à$( ÐÌ(a)€€Take€action€to€ensure€that€the€best€interests€principle€is€included€in€all€relevant€legislativeÐ h+¸&* Ðinstruments€and€is€taken€into€consideration€in€all€policy-making€processes€and€programmes€ofÐ T,¤'+ Ðrelevance€to€children€and€the€implementation€of€the€Convention;Ð @-(, Ї(b)€€Ensure€that€administrative,€judicial,€legislative€and€other€relevant€officials€are€given€training€onÐ ° Ðthe€meaning€and€implementation€of€the€best€interests€principle,€with€a€view€to€ensuring€its€consistentÐ œì Ðapplication€at€central€and€local€government€levels.Ð ˆØ ÐÌòòThe€right€to€life,€survival€and€developmentóóÐ `° ÐÌ279.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that:Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ(a)€€Ninety€per€cent€of€cases€of€people€being€run€down€by€cars€involve€children,€as€indicated€in€theÐ  ` ÐState€partyððs€report;Ð ü L  ÐÌ(b)€€Landmines€continue€to€pose€a€serious€threat€to€childrenððs€survival€and€development.Ð Ô$  ÐÌ280.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ(a)€€Develop€and€implement€a€policy€for€the€prevention€of€accidents€involving€children,€includingÐ „Ô  Ðthrough€information€campaigns€targeting€children,€drivers,€traffic€police,€teachers€and€parents;Ð pÀ ÐÌ(b)€€Continue€efforts€to€clear€landmines€and€ensure€the€provision€of€physical€rehabilitation€and€otherÐ H˜ Ðrelevant€support€to€victims.Ð 4„ ÐÌòòRespect€for€the€views€of€the€childóóÐ  \ ÐÌ281.€€While€noting€the€State€partyððs€efforts€to€establish€a€child€legislative€assembly€and€consultationsÐ ä4 Ðof€children€throughout€the€country,€the€Committee€remains€concerned€that:Ð Ð  ÐÌ(a)€€The€principle€of€respect€for€the€views€of€the€child€is€not€expressly€provided€for€in€legislation;Ð ¨ø ÐÌ(b)€€Childrenððs€views€are€not€systematically€sought€and€taken€into€consideration€with€regard€toÐ €Ð Ðdecisions€that€may€affect€them.Ð l¼ ÐÌ282.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð D!” ÐÌ(a)€€Continue€and€strengthen€efforts€to€ensure€the€participation€of€children€in€all€spheres€that€affectÐ #l! Ðtheir€lives,€including€through€reinforcing€the€work€of€the€childrenððs€parliament€and€the€considerationÐ $X" Ðof€its€recommendations;Ð ô$D # ÐÌ(b)€€Adopt€legislation€providing€for€the€principle€of€respect€for€the€views€of€the€child;Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ(c)€€Implement€measures,€including€information€campaigns€and€the€training€of€professionals€andÐ ¤(ô#' Ðchildren€on€this€right,€with€a€view€to€ensuring€that€children€ððs€views€are€respected,€including€in€theÐ )à$( Ðfamily,€at€school€and€in€institutions.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ4.€€òòCivil€rights€and€freedomsóóÐ T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, ÐòòBirth€registrationóóÐ ° ÐÌ283.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that:Ð ˆØ ÐÌ(a)€€According€to€estimates,€a€very€large€proportion€of€children€are€not€registered€at€birth€and€that€theÐ `° ÐState€party€has€no€accurate€statistics€as€to€the€scale€of€this€phenomenon;Ð L œ ÐÌ(b)€€Access€to€birth€registration€facilities€among€rural€populations€is€extremely€limited€by€distance,Ð $ t Ðthe€time€delay€for€registration€and€sometimes€by€cost;Ð  ` ÐÌ(c)€€There€is€widespread€misunderstanding,€for€numerous€reasons,€of€the€purposes€of€birthÐ è 8  Ðregistration.Ð Ô$  ÐÌ284.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ(a)€€Take€steps€to€increase€significantly€the€numbers€of€children€who€are€registered€at€birth,€and€makeÐ „Ô  Ðevery€effort€to€conduct€late€registration€of€older€children€who€were€not€registered€at€birth;Ð pÀ ÐÌ(b)€€Ensure€that€registration€is€free,€explore€the€use€of€mobile€registration€facilities€to€facilitate€accessÐ H˜ Ðfor€rural€populations€and€pursue€current€efforts€relating€to€extending€the€period€within€whichÐ 4„ Ðregistration€must€be€completed;Ð  p ÐÌ(c)€€Conduct€information€campaigns€for€the€general€population€explaining€the€importance€andÐ øH Ðpurposes€of€birth€registration.Ð ä4 ÐÌòòAccess€to€informationóóÐ ¼  ÐÌ285.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that:Ð ”ä ÐÌ(a)€€Children€have€insufficient€access€to€appropriate€information;Ð l¼ ÐÌ(b)€€Children€living€in€rural€communities€are€particularly€disadvantaged;Ð D!” ÐÌ(c)€€There€is€an€absence,€as€noted€in€the€State€partyððs€report,€of€administrative€or€legislativeÐ #l! Ðprovisions€protecting€children€from€harm€with€regard€to€the€content€of€information.Ð $X" ÐÌ286.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ(a)€€Continue€and€strengthen€its€efforts€to€ensure€that€all€children€have€access€to€appropriateÐ ¸'#& Ðinformation,€for€example€through€further€elaboration€of€radio€programmes€for€children,€the€provisionÐ ¤(ô#' Ðof€radios€and€newspapers€for€use€by€groups€of€children€in€schools€and€other€contexts,€and€throughÐ )à$( Ðitinerant€theatre€presentations;Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ(b)€€Develop€legislation€or€administrative€guidelines€to€protect€children€from€information€which€mayÐ T,¤'+ Ðbe€harmful€to€them.Ð @-(, ЇòòIll-treatment€and€violence€against€childrenóóÐ ° ÐÌ287.€€The€Committee€is€concerned:Ð ˆØ ÐÌ(a)€€At€acts€of€violence€and€abuse,€including€sexual€abuse,€committed€against€children€in€schools€andÐ `° Ðalternative€care€institutions€and€by€members€of€the€public€or€the€police€force€in€the€streets€and€thatÐ L œ Ðboys€are€not€as€well€protected€from€sexual€offences€as€girls;Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ(b)€€That€corporal€punishment€is€widely€practised€in€the€home,€in€schools€and€in€other€publicÐ  ` Ðinstitutions,€such€as€prisons,€and€in€alternative€care€contexts;Ð ü L  ÐÌ(c)€€That,€as€noted€in€a€1997€study,€sexual€abuse€ð ðis€mainly€perpetrated€by€relatives,€through€forcedÐ Ô$  Ðmarriage,€or€through€rape€within€marriage,€or€even€as€part€of€magical-religious€practicesðð€and€thatÐ À  Ðð ðsexual€abuse€accounts€for€most€cases€of€abuse€against€minors€recorded€in€all€the€countryððsÐ ¬ü  Ðprovincesðð;Ð ˜è  ÐÌ(d)€€That€the€State€party€has€insufficient€mechanisms€for€monitoring€abuse€and€neglect€of€childrenÐ pÀ Ðin€the€family€and€that,€although€a€telephone€hotline€exists€for€children€to€make€complaints€of€abuse,Ð \¬ Ðvery€few€children€have€access€to€a€telephone€or€the€means€to€pay€for€a€call.Ð H˜ ÐÌ288.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð  p ÐÌ(a)€€Take€action€to€address€acts€of€violence€and€abuse,€including€sexual€abuse,€committed€againstÐ øH Ðchildren€in€the€family,€in€schools€and€in€the€streets€through,€interalia,€the€use€of€training€andÐ ä4 Ðinformation€campaigns€on€the€impact€of€violence€on€children,€childrenððs€rights€and€the€prosecutionÐ Ð  Ðof€perpetrators;Ð ¼  ÐÌ(b)€€Take€action€to€end€the€practice€of€corporal€punishment€in€the€home,€in€schools€and€in€all€otherÐ ”ä Ðcontexts,€including€through€legislative€and€administrative€measures,€as€well€as€public€educationÐ €Ð Ðinitiatives€to€promote€positive,€participatory,€non-violent€forms€of€discipline€as€an€alternative€toÐ l¼ Ðcorporal€punishment;Ð X ¨ ÐÌ(c)€€Make€every€effort€to€ensure€the€provision€of€treatment€and€rehabilitation€to€the€victims€ofÐ 0"€  Ðviolence€and€abuse;Ð #l! ÐÌ(d)€€Take€note€of€the€recommendations€adopted€by€the€Committee€at€its€2000€and€2001€days€ofÐ ô$D # Ðgeneral€discussion€on€children€and€violence€(CRC/C/100,€para.€688,€and€CRC/C/111,€paras.Ð à%0!$ Ð701-745);Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ(e)€€Develop€mechanisms€to€monitor€the€situation€of€children€in€the€family€and€record€and€endÐ ¤(ô#' Ðabusive€practices;Ð )à$( ÐÌ(f)€€Develop€child€sensitive€mechanisms€through€which€children€can€report€incidents€of€sexual€abuse,Ð h+¸&* Ðincluding€the€large€majority€of€children€who€do€not€have€access€to€telephones.Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð5.€€òòFamily€environment€and€alternative€careóóÐ ° ÐÌ289.€€The€Committee€remains€concerned€that:Ð ˆØ ÐÌ(a)€€As€noted€by€the€State€party€in€its€initial€report,€ð ðparents€and€other€family€members€frequently€doÐ `° Ðnot€fulfil€their€obligation€to€guide€the€minors€under€their€responsibilityðð€and€that€weaknesses€inÐ L œ Ðfamily€structures€have€led€to€the€greater€vulnerability€of€children;Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ(b)€€Children€in€rural€areas€are€sometimes€used€to€settle€financial€and€other€disputes,€with€familiesÐ  ` Ðsending€their€children€to€work€for€periods€of€time€to€settle€debts;Ð ü L  ÐÌ(c)€€As€noted€by€the€State€party€in€its€initial€report,€ð ðchildren€and€women€are€victims€of€domesticÐ Ô$  Ðviolenceðð.Ð À  ÐÌ290.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ˜è  ÐÌ(a)€€Take€steps€to€ensure€that€parents€and€families€understand€and€fulfil€their€obligations€towardsÐ pÀ Ðchildren€and€consider€ways€to€provide€families€with€additional€support,€including€throughÐ \¬ Ðcommunity€structures;Ð H˜ ÐÌ(b)€€Take€action€to€address€domestic€violence€against€children€and€women€in€the€family,€includingÐ  p Ðthrough€improved€monitoring,€effective€reporting,€treatment€and€support€of€victims,€prosecution€ofÐ  \ Ðthose€responsible€and€the€use€of€information€campaigns;Ð øH ÐÌ(c)€€End€the€practice€of€using€children€to€settle€debts.Ð Ð  ÐÌòòIllegal€transferóóÐ ¨ø ÐÌ291.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that:Ð €Ð ÐÌ(a)€€As€noted€in€the€State€partyððs€report,€ð ðmechanisms€are€not€sufficiently€strong€to€prevent€the€illegalÐ X ¨ Ðtransfer€or€non-return€of€minorsðð,€including€in€the€context€of€the€separation€of€parents€and€where€oneÐ D!” Ðparent€chooses€to€leave€with€a€child;Ð 0"€  ÐÌ(b)€€The€issue€of€the€responsibility€of€stepfathers€for€the€children€from€a€wifeððs€earlier€relationshipÐ $X" Ðis€unclear.Ð ô$D # ÐÌ292.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ(a)€€Implement€measures€and€develop€mechanisms€to€prevent€the€illegal€transfer€or€non-return€ofÐ ¤(ô#' Ðminors;Ð )à$( ÐÌ(b)€€Adopt€and€implement€international€and€domestic€legislation€to€address€these€concerns,€includingÐ h+¸&* Ðthe€1980€Hague€Convention€No.€28€on€the€Civil€Aspects€of€International€Child€Abduction€and€theÐ T,¤'+ Ð1996€Hague€Convention€No.€34€on€Jurisdiction,€Applicable€Law,€Recognition,€Enforcement€andÐ @-(, ÐCooperation€in€Respect€of€Parental€Responsibility€and€Measures€for€the€Protection€of€Children.Ð ° ÐÌòòAlternative€careóóÐ ˆØ ÐÌ293.€€While€noting€the€State€partyððs€preference€for€family€forms€of€alternative€care€and€a€policy€ofÐ `° Ðreducing€Ô_ÔinstitutionalizationÔ_Ô,€the€Committee€remains€concerned€that:Ð L œ ÐÌ(a)€€A€very€large€number€of€children€are€in€need€of€alternative€care,€in€particular€the€many€childrenÐ $ t Ðwho€have€become€orphans€because€of€HIV/AIDS;Ð  ` ÐÌ(b)€€Current€alternative€care€arrangements€in€the€State€party€are€insufficient;Ð è 8  ÐÌ(c)€€There€is€no€established€legislation€or€procedures€for€alternative€care,€or€for€monitoring€such€care;Ð À  ÐÌ(d)€€Institutional€care€establishments€have€insufficient€resources;Ð ˜è  ÐÌ(e)€€Violence€is€regularly€committed€against€children€in€the€context€of€alternative€care;Ð pÀ ÐÌ(f)€€The€lack€of€legislative€or€administrative€frameworks€ensuring€the€protection€of€children€who€areÐ H˜ Ðcared€for€under€the€ð ðsubstitute€familyðð€€practice€(described€in€the€State€partyððs€report)€can€lead€toÐ 4„ Ðviolations€of€childrenððs€rights.Ð  p ÐÌ294.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð øH ÐÌ(a)€€Make€every€effort€to€improve€alternative€care€for€children,€giving€particular€attention€toÐ Ð  ÐHIV/AIDS€orphans;Ð ¼  ÐÌ(b)€€Establish€standards€and€procedures,€guaranteed€in€legislation,€for€alternative€care,€including€inÐ ”ä Ðthe€domains€of€health,€education,€safety€and€overall€respect€for€the€Convention,€giving€particularÐ €Ð Ðattention€to€protecting€the€inheritance€rights€of€children€in€alternative€care;Ð l¼ ÐÌ(c)€€Encourage€and€monitor€the€current€practice€of€placement€within€the€extended€family,€assuringÐ D!” Ðthe€rights€of€children€cared€for€in€this€context;Ð 0"€  ÐÌ(d)€€Develop€legislative€or€administrative€rules€and€guidelines€for€ensuring€the€protection€of€childrenÐ $X" Ðwho€are€cared€for€under€the€ð ðsubstitute€familyðð€practice€described€in€the€State€partyððs€report;Ð ô$D # ÐÌ(e)€€Ensure€the€provision€of€sufficient€resources€for€alternative€care€institutions€with€regard,€òòinterÐ Ì&"% Ðaliaóó,€to€staff€training,€food,€health,€clothing,€water,€electricity€and€school€material€requirements;Ð ¸'#& ÐÌ(f)€€Strengthen€monitoring€procedures,€ensuring€sufficient€human€and€other€resources€for€the€regularÐ )à$( Ðand€effective€monitoring€of€all€forms€of€alternative€care€for€children.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ6.€€òòBasic€health€and€welfareóóÐ T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð295.€€The€Committee€is€deeply€concerned€that:Ð ° ÐÌ(a)€€Health€service€coverage€is€still€insufficient€in€terms€of€infrastructure,€personnel€and€accessibilityÐ ˆØ Ðfor€the€general€population;Ð tÄ ÐÌ(b)€€Infant€and€under„5€mortality€rates€are€extremely€high;Ð L œ ÐÌ(c)€€Maternal€mortality€is€very€high,€owing€in€part€to€insufficient€prenatal€care€and€assistance€at€birthÐ $ t Ðand€to€the€large€number€of€clandestine€abortions€and€the€poor€conditions€in€which€they€are€carriedÐ  ` Ðout;Ð ü L  ÐÌ(d)€€The€incidence€of€low€birth€weight,€stunted€growth,€malaria,€diarrhoea€respiratory€infections€andÐ Ô$  Ðmalnutrition€is€very€high.Ð À  ÐÌ296.€€While€recognizing€the€significant€progress€achieved€in€the€past€10€years€and€noting€recentÐ ˜è  Ðincreases€in€health€investment€and€immunization€rates,€the€Committee€urgently€recommends€that€theÐ „Ô  ÐState€party:Ð pÀ ÐÌ(a)€€Continue€to€improve€access€for€all€children€and€their€families€to€primary€health€care;Ð H˜ ÐÌ(b)€€Give€urgent€attention€to€and€design€practical€measures€for€reducing€infant,€under„5€and€maternalÐ  p Ðmortality€rates,€addressing€malnutrition,€malaria,€diarrhoea€and€respiratory€infections,€and€ensuringÐ  \ Ðthat€abortions€can€be€conducted€with€all€due€attention€to€minimum€standards€of€health€safety;Ð øH ÐÌ(c)€€Make€every€effort€to€improve€public€knowledge€of€basic€health-care€measures,€including€in€theÐ Ð  Ðareas€of€prevention€and€reproductive€health,€and€provide€for€the€availability€of€affordableÐ ¼  Ðcontraception€in€order€to€ensure€that€unwanted€pregnancies€do€not€occur;Ð ¨ø ÐÌ(d)€€Seek€technical€assistance€from€UNICEF€and€WHO€in€this€regard.Ð €Ð ÐÌòòChildren€with€disabilitiesóóÐ X ¨ ÐÌ297.€€While€noting€the€State€partyððs€1999€national€policy€on€disabled€persons,€the€CommitteeÐ 0"€  Ðremains€concerned€that:Ð #l! ÐÌ(a)€€The€State€party€provides€insufficient€public€assistance€to€children€with€disabilities,€relying€onÐ ô$D # Ðnon„governmental€organizations€for€the€bulk€of€assistance€activities;Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ(b)€€Societal€discrimination€against€children€with€disabilities€remains€serious,€with€girls€withÐ ¸'#& Ðdisabilities€suffering€the€additional€burden€of€gender€discrimination,€and€that,€in€some€cases,€parentsÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdo€not€allow€their€disabled€children€to€leave€their€home;Ð )à$( ÐÌ(c)€€Children€with€disabilities€often€have€serious€difficulty€in€obtaining€transportation€and€in€gainingÐ h+¸&* Ðaccess€to€public€buildings,€including€to€hospitals€and€schools;Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð(d)€€Children€with€disabilities€have€very€limited€access€to€formal€education.Ð ° ÐÌ298.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ˆØ ÐÌ(a)€€Strengthen€its€provision€of€public€assistance€to€children€with€disabilities,€including€through€theÐ `° Ðprompt€implementation€of€the€national€plan€on€persons€with€disabilities;Ð L œ ÐÌ(b)€€Make€every€effort€to€assure€the€full€integration€of€children€with€disabilities€into€everyday€life€asÐ $ t Ðenjoyed€by€other€children,€including€family€life,€education,€leisure€and€professional€training;Ð  ` ÐÌ(c)€€Increase€the€numbers€of€schools€and€other€institutions€for€children€with€disabilities€who€haveÐ è 8  Ðspecial€needs;Ð Ô$  ÐÌ(d)€€Take€action€to€address€societal€discrimination€against€children€with€disabilities,€noting€also€linksÐ ¬ü  Ðwith€gender€discrimination,€including€through€childrenððs€rights€information€programmes€targetingÐ ˜è  Ðparents,€teachers,€social€workers,€communities€in€general€and€children;Ð „Ô  ÐÌ(e)€€Take€steps€to€provide€improved€transportation€facilities€for€persons€with€disabilities€and€in€needÐ \¬ Ðof€assistance,€including€through€the€provision€of€wheelchairs€or€other€specialized€equipment;Ð H˜ ÐÌ(f)€€Implement€measures€to€improve€the€access€of€children€with€disabilities€to€public€buildings,Ð  p Ðincluding€through€legislative€and€administrative€measures;Ð  \ ÐÌ(g)€€Ensure€respect€for€the€right€of€children€with€disabilities€to€receive€a€formal€education;Ð ä4 ÐÌ(h)€€Take€note€of€the€recommendations€made€by€the€Committee€following€its€1997€general€day€ofÐ ¼  Ðdiscussion€on€the€rights€of€children€with€disabilities.Ð ¨ø ÐÌòòAdolescent€healthóóÐ €Ð ÐÌ299.€€While€noting€the€State€partyððs€efforts€to€establish€the€ð ðAdolescent€and€Youth€Programmeðð,€theÐ X ¨ ÐCommittee€remains€concerned€at:Ð D!” ÐÌ(a)€€The€high€incidence€of€adolescent€pregnancy€and€related€health€concerns;Ð #l! ÐÌ(b)€€The€high€incidence€of€medical€problems€related€to€abortions€by€adolescent€mothers;Ð ô$D # ÐÌ(c)€€The€high€incidence€of€early€marriage€of€girls.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ300.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌ(a)€€Strengthen€its€efforts€to€establish€the€ð ðAdolescent€and€Youth€Programmeðð;Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ(b)€€Improve€the€provision€of€health€care€for€adolescents,€giving€particular€attention€to€reproductiveÐ T,¤'+ Ðhealth€concerns,€including€in€the€context€of€family€planning,€abortion€and€sexually€transmittedÐ @-(, Ðdiseases,€to€mental€health€and€to€concerns€relating€to€adolescent€development;Ð ° ÐÌ(c)€€Make€every€effort€to€prevent€the€early€marriage€of€children,€particularly€girls.Ð ˆØ ÐÌòòHIV/AIDSóóÐ `° ÐÌ301.€€While€noting€the€State€partyððs€efforts€in€this€domain,€including€the€establishment€of€theÐ 8 ˆ ÐNational€AIDS€Council€(NAC)€in€2000€and€the€adoption€of€a€comprehensive€Ô_ÔmultisectoralÔ_Ô€strategicÐ $ t Ðplan€to€combat€HIV/AIDS,€the€Committee€remains€deeply€concerned€at:Ð  ` ÐÌ(a)€€The€very€serious€impact€of€HIV/AIDS€on€the€cultural,€economic,€political,€social€and€civil€rightsÐ è 8  Ðand€freedoms€of€children€infected€with€or€affected€by€HIV/AIDS,€including€the€Conventionððs€generalÐ Ô$  Ðprinciples€and€with€particular€reference€to€their€rights€to€non-discrimination,€health€care,€education,Ð À  Ðfood€and€housing,€as€well€as€to€information€and€freedom€of€expression;Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ(b)€€The€extremely€high,€and€rising,€incidence€of€HIV/AIDS€infection€in€the€Stateparty;Ð „Ô  ÐÌ(c)€€Mother€to€child€transmission€of€HIV/AIDS€and€related€factors,€such€as€the€lack€of€access€ofÐ \¬ Ðmothers€to€affordable€breast„milk€substitute,€which€would€help€reduce€the€risk€of€transmission;Ð H˜ ÐÌ(d)€€The€particular€situation€of€children€orphaned€by€HIV/AIDS,€who€are€particularly€vulnerable€to,Ð  p Ðinter€alia,€commercial€exploitation,€abuse€and€neglect;Ð  \ ÐÌ(e)€€The€continuing€lack€of€knowledge€among€many€people€of€how€HIV/AIDS€is€transmitted€and€theÐ ä4 Ðrole€of€men€in€terms€of€inadequate€prevention€and€repeated€transmission;Ð Ð  ÐÌ(f)€€The€very€negative€impact€of€HIV/AIDS€on€the€numbers€of€professional€workers,€such€asÐ ¨ø Ðteachers,€and€ultimately€on€the€State€partyððs€capacity€to€develop€its€human€resources.Ð ”ä ÐÌ302.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð l¼ ÐÌ(a)€€Integrate€respect€for€the€rights€of€the€child€into€the€development€and€implementation€of€itsÐ D!” ÐHIV/AIDS€policies€and€strategies€on€behalf€of€children€infected€with€and€affected€by€HIV/AIDS,€asÐ 0"€  Ðwell€as€their€families,€including€by€making€use€of€the€Guidelines€on€HIV/AIDS€and€Human€RightsÐ #l! Ð(E/CN.4/1997/37),€with€particular€reference€to€childrenððs€rights€to€non„discrimination,€health,Ð $X" Ðeducation,€food€and€housing,€as€well€as€their€rights€to€information€and€freedom€of€expression;Ð ô$D # ÐÌ(b)€€Conduct€a€national€study€on€public€attitudes,€taboos€and€bias€with€regard€to€HIV/AIDS€andÐ Ì&"% Ðinfected€persons€in€order€to€strengthen€existing€policies€and€programmes€with€regard€to€HIV/AIDS;Ð ¸'#& ÐÌ(c)€€Continue€and€strengthen€its€efforts€to€address€the€incidence€of€HIV/AIDS,€including€through€theÐ )à$( Ðcurrent€Ô_ÔmultisectoralÔ_Ô€approach,€through€improving€the€education€of€the€public€as€to€how€it€isÐ |*Ì%) Ðtransmitted,€can€be€prevented€and€treated,€with€particular€focus€on€the€training€of€relevantÐ h+¸&* Ðprofessionals,€such€as€teachers€and€civil€servants;Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð(d)€€Give€particular€attention€to€the€role€of€men€in€the€prevention€of€HIV/AIDS€transmission€andÐ ° Ðinvolve€children€in€discussions€on€prevention€strategies;Ð œì ÐÌ(e)€€Continue€and€strengthen€its€assistance€to€children€infected€or€affected€by€HIV/AIDS,€withÐ tÄ Ðparticular€attention€to€those€who€have€been€orphaned€by€HIV/AIDS,€including€the€provision€ofÐ `° Ðmedication€for€treatment;Ð L œ ÐÌ(f)€€Strengthen€efforts€to€reduce€mother€to€child€transmission€of€HIV/AIDS€including€throughÐ $ t Ðvoluntary€prenatal€HIV/AIDS€testing€of€mothers€and€assistance€to€infected€mothers€in€obtainingÐ  ` Ðbreast„milk€substitutes€for€their€children;Ð ü L  ÐÌ(g)€€Include€children€in€devising€and€implementing€strategies€for€HIV/AIDS€prevention;Ð Ô$  ÐÌ(h)€€Seek€technical€and€other€relevant€assistance€from€UNICEF,€Ô_ÔUNAIDSÔ_Ô€and€WHO€in€this€regard;Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€€Take€note€of€the€recommendations€made€by€the€Committee€following€its€1998€day€of€generalÐ „Ô  Ðdiscussion€on€ð ðchildren€living€in€a€world€with€AIDSðð.Ð pÀ ÐÌòòSocial€security€and€standard€of€livingóóÐ H˜ ÐÌ303.€€While€noting€the€State€partyððs€poverty€eradication€strategy,€the€Committee€remains€concernedÐ  p Ðthat:Ð  \ ÐÌ(a)€€Absolute€poverty€continues€to€affect€a€very€high€proportion€(around€two€thirds)€of€the€StateÐ ä4 Ðpartyððs€population;Ð Ð  ÐÌ(b)€€Only€a€very€small€proportion€of€the€population€has€access€to€electricity,€sanitation€and€cleanÐ ¨ø Ðrunning€water€in€their€homes;Ð ”ä ÐÌ(c)€€Many€children€have€inadequate€clothing;Ð l¼ ÐÌ(d)€€The€current€social€security€system€covers€only€a€very€small€number€of€children€and€their€familiesÐ D!” Ðin€need€of€such€protection.Ð 0"€  ÐÌ304.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð $X" ÐÌ(a)€€Continue€and€strengthen€its€efforts€to€address€poverty,€including€through€internationalÐ à%0!$ Ðcooperation;Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ(b)€€Consider€and€implement€measures€through€which€a€significantly€larger€number€of€children€andÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtheir€families€may€benefit€from€minimum€of€social€security€protection;Ð )à$( ÐÌ(c)€€Continue€its€efforts€to€improve€housing€conditions,€including€sanitary€conditions,€in€both€ruralÐ h+¸&* Ðand€urban€areas,€and€continue€to€implement€its€national€water€policy;Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð(d)€€Make€every€effort€to€ensure€that€all€children€have€adequate€clothing;Ð ° ÐÌ(e)€€Seek€assistance€in€the€form€of€international€cooperation€in€this€regard.Ð ˆØ ÐÌ7.€€òòEducation,€leisure€and€cultural€activities€óóÐ `° ÐÌ305.€€While€noting€the€State€partyððs€significant€efforts€in€this€domain,€including€the€construction€orÐ 8 ˆ Ðrenovation€of€many€primary€schools€in€the€1990s,€the€provision€of€free€school€materials€to€manyÐ $ t Ðchildren,€increases€in€primary€school€enrolment€rates,€efforts€to€improve€the€access€to€education€ofÐ  ` Ðgirls€and€to€train€teachers,€the€fall€in€the€repetition€and€drop-out€rates,€the€Committee€remainsÐ ü L  Ðconcerned€that:Ð è 8  ÐÌ(a)€€The€education€system€requires€greater€financial€resources;Ð À  ÐÌ(b)€€Although€gradually€improving,€basic€literacy€among€children€remains€low;Ð ˜è  ÐÌ(c)€€Insufficient€efforts€have€been€made€to€implement€compulsory€education€requirements;Ð pÀ ÐÌ(d)€€Enrolment€in€formal€education,€at€81.3€per€cent€(as€quoted€by€the€State€party€for1998€in€itsÐ H˜ Ðinitial€report),€remains€low€and€is€particularly€low€in€certain€regions€of€the€country,€and€that€only€aÐ 4„ Ðvery€small€proportion€of€children€enrol€in,€and€complete,€secondary€education;Ð  p ÐÌ(e)€€Girls€continue€to€have€less€access€to€education€than€boys€above€the€primary€school€level;€literacyÐ øH Ðlevels€among€girls,€particularly€those€over€15,€are€extremely€low;€less€importance€is€placed€byÐ ä4 Ðparents€and€communities€on€the€education€of€girls€than€of€boys;€some€practices,€such€as€excessiveÐ Ð  Ðdomestic€work€required€of€girls,€early€marriage€and€early€pregnancy,€contribute€to€limiting€girlsððÐ ¼  Ðaccess€to€education;€and€only€20€per€cent€of€students€who€enter€higher€(tertiary)€education€are€girls;Ð ¨ø ÐÌ(f)€€Education€infrastructure€and€resources€remain€insufficient,€including€with€regard€to€the€limitedÐ €Ð Ðquality,€and€insufficient€number,€of€classrooms,€overcrowding€in€schools,€and€the€cost€(for€childrenÐ l¼ Ðand€families)€of€books€and€other€materials€and€school€equipment;Ð X ¨ ÐÌ(g)€€Many€teachers€have€received€no€or€insufficient€formal€training;Ð 0"€  ÐÌ(h)€€The€capacity€of€special€education€institutions€is€very€limited;Ð $X" ÐÌ(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€€There€is€alleged€corruption€and€sexual€abuse€and€economic€exploitation€of€pupils€byÐ à%0!$ Ðprofessionals,€including€teachers,€in€the€school€system;Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ(j)€€There€is€very€limited€access€to€higher€(tertiary)€education.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌ306.€€Noting€the€State€partyððs€own€recommendations€in€its€initial€report,€the€Committee€recommendsÐ |*Ì%) Ðthat€the€State€party:Ð h+¸&* ÐÌ(a)€€Raise€the€education€budget€to€the€maximum€of€available€resources,€including€through€additionalÐ @-(, Ðinternational€cooperation;Ð ° ÐÌ(b)€€Strengthen€the€institutional€capacity€and€infrastructure€of€State€education,€including€with€regardÐ ˆØ Ðto€administration,€management,€educational€planning,€the€training€of€teachers€and€other€staff,€theÐ tÄ Ðconstruction€of€additional€schools€in€isolated€regions,€and€the€provision€and€quality€of€textbooks€andÐ `° Ðother€school€materials€and€equipment;Ð L œ ÐÌ(c)€€Increase€the€rate€of€child€enrolment€in€primary€school€and€completion€of€compulsory€education,Ð $ t Ðòòinter€aliaóó€by€making€every€effort€to€ensure€that€compulsory€education€is€free€for€all€children,Ð  ` Ðincluding€with€regard€to€textbooks,€uniforms€and€transportation€to€school€for€disadvantaged€childrenÐ ü L  Ðand€families;Ð è 8  ÐÌ(d)€€Take€steps€to€increase€significantly€the€numbers€of€children€completing€secondary€education;Ð À  ÐÌ(e)€€Make€greater€efforts€to€ensure€that€girls€have€the€same€opportunities€as€boys€to€attend€formalÐ ˜è  Ðeducation;€take€steps€to€ensure€that€the€education€of€girls€is€seen,€by€parents,€families€andÐ „Ô  Ðcommunities,€as€of€equally€important€as€that€of€boys€and€that€education€is€seen€as€a€right€of€allÐ pÀ Ðchildren;€address€traditional€and€other€practices,€such€as€excessive€domestic€work,€which€preventÐ \¬ Ðgirls€from€attending€formal€education;€ensure€that€pregnancy€does€not€lead€to€the€banning€of€girlsððÐ H˜ Ðattendance€at€school;€consider€recruiting€and€training€more€women€teachers;€make€particular€effortsÐ 4„ Ðto€support€girls€seeking€higher€education;€make€every€effort€to€implement€its€own€policies;€seekÐ  p Ðtechnical€assistance€from€UNICEF€in€this€regard;Ð  \ ÐÌ(f)€€Extend€the€pilot€project€to€achieve€implementation€of€human€rights€and€democracy€componentsÐ ä4 Ðwithin€the€school€curriculum€nationwide;Ð Ð  ÐÌ(g)€€Increase€the€number,€capacity€and€quality€of€special€education€institutions€for€children€withÐ ¨ø Ðspecial€education€needs;Ð ”ä ÐÌ(h)€€Improve€access€to€higher€(tertiary)€education,€including€vocational€schools€through,€òòinter€aliaóó,Ð l¼ Ðthe€strengthening€of€secondary€school€education;Ð X ¨ ÐÌ(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€€End€practices€of€corruption€and€sexual€abuse€and€economic€exploitation€of€pupils€in€theÐ 0"€  Ðeducation€system;Ð #l! ÐÌ(j)€€Promote€coordination€between€the€public€and€private€sectors€to€ensure€a€sustainable€supply€ofÐ ô$D # Ðtextbooks,€basic€learning€materials€development€and€training€activities;Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ(k)€€Continue€to€support€the€use€of€non„formal€education€structures,€such€as€community€schools,Ð ¸'#& Ðservicing€children€who€are€unable€to€return€to€their€regular€schools;Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌ(l)€€Give€particular€attention€to€the€Committeeððs€general€comment€on€article€29.1€of€the€Convention;Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ(m)€€Seek€technical€assistance€from€UNICEF€and€UNESCO€in€this€regard.Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, ÐòòLeisureóóÐ ° ÐÌ307.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that:Ð ˆØ ÐÌ(a)€€Children€living€in€urban€centres€have€very€few€areas,€such€as€parks,€in€which€they€can€playÐ `° Ðsafely;Ð L œ ÐÌ(b)€€As€noted€in€the€State€party€report,€ð ðthere€is€no€mandatory€allocation€and€conservation€ofÐ $ t Ðrecreational€areas€for€children€in€urban€development€plans€[and]€the€number€of€such€places€hasÐ  ` Ðdeclined€or€is€virtually€non„existent€in€large€townsðð.Ð ü L  ÐÌ308.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð Ô$  ÐÌ(a)€€Provide€areas,€such€as€parks,€urban€centres,€which€can€be€used€by€children€for€leisure€activities;Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ(b)€€Consider€adopting€legislation€or€administrative€rules€and€making€an€appropriate€budgetaryÐ „Ô  Ðallocation,€in€order€to€ensure€that€leisure€areas€for€children€remain€a€priority€in€urban€planningÐ pÀ Ðdecisions.Ð \¬ ÐÌ8.€€òòSpecial€protection€measuresóóÐ 4„ ÐÌòòRefugee€and€internally€displaced€childrenóóÐ  \ ÐÌ309.€€While€noting€the€State€partyððs€significant€efforts€in€the€past€to€provide€assistance€to€refugeesÐ ä4 Ðand€internally€displaced€persons,€the€Committee€remains€concerned€that:Ð Ð  ÐÌ(a)€€Former€refugees€and€displaced€persons,€seeking€to€resettle€in€their€communities,€do€not€alwaysÐ ¨ø Ðhave€full€access€to€education€and€health€services;Ð ”ä ÐÌ(b)€€Children€who€seek€to€cross€through,€or€leave,€Mozambique€and€to€enter€neighbouring€countriesÐ l¼ Ðare€sometimes€treated€violently€by€border€officials€of€those€countries€when€caught.Ð X ¨ ÐÌ310.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð 0"€  ÐÌ(a)€€Make€additional€efforts€to€assist€former€refugees€and€internally€displaced€persons€to€resettle€inÐ $X" Ðtheir€communities,€including€through€assuring€full€access€to€education€services,€and€continue€andÐ ô$D # Ðstrengthen€family€reunification€efforts;Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ(b)€€Improve€its€collaboration,€inter€alia€through€bilateral€arrangements€and€agreements,€with€relevantÐ ¸'#& Ðneighbouring€countries€to€ensure€that€children€who€seek€to€cross€through,€or€leave,€Mozambique€forÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthose€countries€are€treated€in€full€respect€of€the€Conventionððs€provisions.Ð )à$( ÐÌòòChildren€in€armed€conflictóóÐ h+¸&* ÐÌ311.€€The€Committee€joins€the€State€party€in€expressing€concern€that:Ð @-(, Ї(a)€€As€noted€in€paragraph€548€of€the€State€partyððs€report,€ð ðthe€needs€of€children€formerly€affectedÐ ° Ðby€the€war€continue€to€warrant€special€concernðð;Ð œì ÐÌ(b)€€There€are€still€a€large€number€of€adolescents€and€young€people,€in€both€urban€and€rural€areas,Ð tÄ Ðaffected€by€the€conflict€who€lack€appropriate€education€and/or€employment€opportunities.Ð `° ÐÌ312.€€Acknowledging€the€significant€efforts€made€in€this€regard,€the€Committee€recommends€thatÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€State€party:Ð $ t ÐÌ(a)€€Continue€to€give€attention€to€the€needs€of€children€affected€by€the€war€and€end€the€Ô_ÔreconscriptionÔ_ÔÐ ü L  Ðof€children;Ð è 8  ÐÌ(b)€€Give€particular€attention€to€providing€education€and/or€employment€opportunities€for€adolescentsÐ À  Ðand€young€people,€in€both€urban€and€rural€areas.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌòòEconomic€exploitationóóÐ „Ô  ÐÌ313.€€Noting€the€measures€taken€by€the€State€party€to€assess€the€causes€of€child€labour€and€to€assessÐ \¬ Ðexisting€legislation€setting€the€minimum€age€of€labour€at€15€and€regulating€the€work€of€children€agedÐ H˜ Ð15€to€18€and€scope€of€child€labour,€the€Committee€is€concerned€that:Ð 4„ ÐÌ(a)€€Many€children€work,€including€children€under€15;Ð  \ ÐÌ(b)€€Many€parents€and€families€require€children€to€work€as€a€means€of€overcoming€the€extremeÐ ä4 Ðpoverty€they€face;Ð Ð  ÐÌ(c)€€The€scale€and€intensity€of€child€labour€prevents€many€children€from€attending€school;Ð ¨ø ÐÌ(d)€€Child€labourers€are€the€victims€of€economic€exploitation€and€work€in€very€poor€conditions,Ð €Ð Ðincluding€without€insurance€or€social€security€benefits,€with€very€low€wages,€for€long€hours€and€inÐ l¼ Ðdangerous€and/or€abusive€conditions;Ð X ¨ ÐÌ(e)€€The€use€of€children,€particularly€girls,€as€domestic€workers€is€rising;Ð 0"€  ÐÌ(f)€€There€is€no€national€plan€to€combat€child€labour.Ð $X" ÐÌ314.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ(a)€€Devise€a€national€plan€of€action€to€address€child€labour€concerns,€and€seek€technical€assistanceÐ ¸'#& Ðfrom€ILO/International€Programme€on€the€Elimination€of€Child€Labour€(Ô_ÔIPECÔ_Ô);Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌ(b)€€Make€greater€efforts€to€reduce€the€numbers€of€children€working€in€the€formal€and€informalÐ |*Ì%) Ðsectors,€with€particular€emphasis€on€younger€children;Ð h+¸&* ÐÌ(c)€€Make€every€effort€to€ensure€that€children€do€not€work€in€conditions€thatareharmful€to€them€andÐ @-(, Ðthat€they€receive€appropriate€wages€and€other€work-relatedbenefits,€with€particular€reference€toÐ ° Ðarticle€32€of€the€Convention;Ð œì ÐÌ(d)€€Make€every€effort€to€ensure€that€those€children€who€do€work,€in€accordance€with€internationalÐ tÄ Ðstandards,€continue€to€have€access€to€formal€education;Ð `° ÐÌ(e)€€Ratify€ILO€Conventions€138€concerning€the€Minimum€Age€for€Admission€to€Employment€andÐ 8 ˆ Ð182€concerning€the€Prohibition€and€Immediate€Action€for€the€Elimination€of€the€Worst€Forms€ofÐ $ t ÐChild€Labour;Ð  ` ÐÌ(f)€€Ensure€the€implementation€and€enforcement€of€all€domestic€and€international€legal€protectionsÐ è 8  Ðfor€children€in€this€regard.Ð Ô$  ÐÌòòSexual€exploitation;€traffickingóóÐ ¬ü  ÐÌ315.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that:Ð „Ô  ÐÌ(a)€€Child€prostitution€is€practised€and,€according€to€recent€evidence€is€increasing,€especially€in€theÐ \¬ ÐMaputo,€Ô_ÔBeiraÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔNacalaÔ_Ô€areas€and€in€some€rural€areas;Ð H˜ ÐÌ(b)€€Some€children€are€victims€of€trafficking€for€the€purposes€of€prostitution;Ð  p ÐÌ(c)€€As€noted€by€the€State€party€in€its€initial€report€(para.€646),€ð ðthe€policeððs€poorknowledge€of€theÐ øH Ðmain€legislation€protecting€children€from€prostitution€ð8ð€their€ignoranceof€childrenððs€rightsðð€and€theÐ ä4 Ðð ðlack€of€guidance€on€the€role€of€police€intervention€in€this€field,€as€well€as€the€absence€of€institutionsÐ Ð  Ðdedicated€to€the€recovery€of€the€child€victimsððare€factors€contributing€to€the€vulnerability€of€childrenÐ ¼  Ðto€exploitation.Ð ¨ø ÐÌ316.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð €Ð ÐÌ(a)€€Take€action€to€end€trafficking,€child€prostitution€and€other€forms€of€sexual€exploitation€ofÐ X ¨ Ðchildren,€with€particular€attention€to€the€Maputo,€Ô_ÔBeiraÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔNacalaÔ_Ô€areas€and€in€relevant€rural€areas;Ð D!” ÐÌ(b)€€In€line€with€the€Declaration€and€Agenda€for€Action€and€the€Global€Commitment€adopted€at€theÐ #l! Ð1996€and€2001€World€Congresses€against€Commercial€Sexual€Exploitation€of€Children,€develop€aÐ $X" Ðnational€plan€of€action€to€address€the€sexual€exploitation€of€children,€including€with€regard€to€cross„Ð ô$D # Ðborder€trafficking€and€exploitation;Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ(c)€€Continue€and€strengthen€the€1997€campaign€against€the€sexual€exploitation€of€children,€entitledÐ ¸'#& Ðð ðBreak€the€silence€and€end€child€prostitutionðð€and€consider€expanding€it€to€include,€for€example,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðefforts€to€educate€hotel€staff€and€other€relevant€workers€in€the€tourist€industry€on€the€prevention€ofÐ )à$( Ðchild€prostitution;Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌ(d)€€Avoid€the€prosecution€of€child€victims€of€prostitution€or€related€offences;Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð(e)€€Develop€mechanisms€to€identify€the€sexual€exploitation€of€children€and€to€work€with€lawÐ ° Ðenforcement€agencies€to€recover€children€who€are€being€exploited;Ð œì ÐÌ(f)€€Continue€and€strengthen€training€for€the€police€and€social€services€on€childrenððs€rights€andÐ tÄ Ðconcerns€with€regard€to€child€prostitution;Ð `° ÐÌ(g)€€Implement€its€own€recommendations€(as€described€in€paragraph€637€of€the€State€partyððs€report),Ð 8 ˆ Ðincluding:Ð $ t ÐÌà0  àThe€revision€and€implementation€of€legislation€on€child€prostitution€and€the€sexual€abuse€ofÐ ü L  Ðminors;Ðè 8 (#(# ÐÌà0  àThe€development€of€public€education€programmes€targeting€parents,€families,€schools€andÐ À  Ðthe€public€in€general;Ьü (#(# ÐÌà0  àThe€provision€of€legal,€psychological€and€medical€support,€including€rehabilitation€services,Ð „Ô  Ðfor€victims.ÐpÀ(#(# ÐÌòòStreet€childrenóóÐ H˜ ÐÌ317.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that:Ð  p ÐÌ(a)€€There€are€large€numbers€of€children€living€on€the€street€in€urban€areas;Ð øH ÐÌ(b)€€Street€children€are€vulnerable€to,€inter€alia,€sexual€abuse,€violence,€including€from€the€police,Ð Ð  Ðexploitation,€lack€of€access€to€education,€substance€abuse,€sexually€transmitted€diseases,€HIV/AIDSÐ ¼  Ðand€malnutrition;Ð ¨ø ÐÌ(c)€€The€primary€response€to€the€situation€of€these€children,€as€described€by€the€State€party€in€itsÐ €Ð Ðreport,€is€placing€them€in€institutions.Ð l¼ ÐÌ318.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð D!” ÐÌ(a)€€Strengthen€its€efforts€to€ascertain€the€number€and€location€of€street€children;Ð #l! ÐÌ(b)€€Make€additional€efforts€to€provide€protection€to€street€children€and€to€provide€them€with€accessÐ ô$D # Ðto€education€and€to€health€and€other€services;Ð à%0!$ ÐÌ(c)€€Strengthen€efforts€to€assist€children€to€leave€the€street,€with€emphasis€on€alternatives€to€placingÐ ¸'#& Ðthem€in€institutions€and€special€attention€to€family€reconciliations.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌòòSubstance€abuseóóÐ |*Ì%) ÐÌ319.€€While€noting€the€establishment€of€a€central€office€for€the€prevention€and€control€of€drug€abuse,Ð T,¤'+ Ðthe€Committee€€is€concerned€that:Ð @-(, Ї(a)€€Substance€abuse,€including€inhaling€glue€and€the€consumption€of€narcotic€drugs,€is€practised€byÐ ° Ðchildren,€particularly€street€children,€in€the€State€party,€particularly€in€the€south€of€the€country;Ð œì ÐÌ(b)€€There€is€a€lack€of€statistics€on€substance€abuse€among€children;Ð tÄ ÐÌ(c)€€There€are€no€specific€institutions€in€the€country€to€treat€drug„addicted€children.Ð L œ ÐÌ320.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð $ t ÐÌ(a)€€Strengthen€its€efforts€to€prevent€substance€abuse€by€children,€giving€particular€attention€to€streetÐ ü L  Ðchildren€and€other€vulnerable€groups,€including€children€in€the€south€of€the€country;Ð è 8  ÐÌ(b)€€Include€in€school€curricula€education€programmes€and€information€on€drug€abuse€and€itsÐ À  Ðprevention;Ð ¬ü  ÐÌ(c)€€Make€additional€efforts€to€monitor€the€incidence€of€substance€abuse€and€to€keep€accurateÐ „Ô  Ðstatistics€on€the€phenomenon;Ð pÀ ÐÌ(d)€€Establish€mechanisms€and€structures€through€which€assistance,€includinghealth€andÐ H˜ Ðrehabilitative€assistance,€can€be€provided€to€children€who€abuse€substances;Ð 4„ ÐÌ(e)€€Consider€adopting€legislation€regulating€the€sale€of€harmful€substances€to€children;Ð  \ ÐÌ(f)€€Implement€its€own€recommendations€as€set€out€in€its€initial€report,€including:€developingÐ ä4 Ðimproved€methods€for€fighting€substance€abuse,€additional€ð ð€technical€training€for€staff€involved€inÐ Ð  Ðpreventing€and€combatting€drug€abuse,€reducing€the€vulnerability€of€Mozambiqueððs€borders€andÐ ¼  Ðother€entry€and€exit€points,€institutional€capacity€building,€and€strengthening€the€anti„drug€educationÐ ¨ø Ðstrategy€at€all€levelsðð.Ð ”ä ÐÌòòJuvenile€justiceóóÐ l¼ ÐÌ321.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that:Ð D!” ÐÌ(a)€€Some€laws,€policies€and€practices€in€the€State€partyððs€juvenile€justice€system€are€incompatibleÐ #l! Ðwith€the€principles€and€provisions€of€the€Convention,€including€articles€37,€40€and39;Ð $X" ÐÌ(b)€€Children€aged€16€and€17€do€not€benefit€from€the€protections€afforded€by€juvenile€justiceÐ à%0!$ Ðstandards;Ð Ì&"% ÐÌ(c)€€The€list€of€punishable€acts€described€by€the€State€party€in€its€initial€report,€including€begging,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðvagrancy€and€promiscuity,€may€lead€to€the€inappropriate€targeting€of€children€by€the€judicial€system;Ð )à$( ÐÌ(d)€€While€the€illegal€detention€of€minors€and€violence€by€the€police€have€decreased,€such€incidentsÐ h+¸&* Ðcontinue;Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, Ð(e)€€In€particular,€the€detention€of€minors€persists€ð ðdue€to€the€poor€training€and€ignorance€of€legalÐ ° Ðnorms€on€the€part€of€the€policemen€involvedðð,€as€indicated€in€the€State€partyððs€initial€report,€and€thatÐ œì Ðminors€are€incarcerated€with€adult€detainees;Ð ˆØ ÐÌ(f)€€There€is€a€serious€lack€of€capacity€within€the€judicial€system€to€provide€rapid€intervention€or€trial,Ð `° Ðas€needed,€for€juvenile€offenders;Ð L œ ÐÌ(g)€€There€have€been€incidents€of€mistaken€detention€of€children€below€the€age€of€age16.Ð $ t ÐÌ322.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ü L  ÐÌ(a)€€Develop€laws,€policies€and€mechanisms€and€provide€adequate€resources€to€ensure€the€fullÐ Ô$  Ðimplementation€of€juvenile€justice€standards,€in€particular€articles€37,€40€and€39€of€the€Convention,Ð À  Ðthe€United€Nations€Standard€Minimum€Rules€for€the€Administration€of€Juvenile€Justice€(the€BeijingÐ ¬ü  ÐRules)€and€the€United€Nations€Guidelines€for€the€Prevention€of€Juvenile€Delinquency€(the€RiyadhÐ ˜è  ÐGuidelines),€and€in€the€light€of€the€Committeeððs€1995€day€of€discussion€on€the€administration€ofÐ „Ô  Ðjuvenile€justice;Ð pÀ ÐÌ(b)€€Ensure€that€all€persons€under€18€benefit€from€the€protection€of€international€juvenile€justiceÐ H˜ Ðprovisions;Ð 4„ ÐÌ(c)€€Review€the€list€of€acts€or€behaviour€for€which€juveniles€may€be€prosecuted€under€penal€law,€withÐ  \ Ða€view€to€reducing€the€list€and€establishing€non„judicial€responses,€notably€through€social€assistance;Ð øH ÐÌ(d)€€Ensure€that€all€acts€of€violence€by€the€police€towards€minors€are€ended,€and€that€independentÐ Ð  Ðinvestigation€and€prosecution€of€police€officers€guilty€of€such€acts€are€carried€out€in€an€effectiveÐ ¼  Ðmanner;Ð ¨ø ÐÌ(e)€€Ensure€that€no€children€are€detained€illegally€and€that,€when€detention€is€necessary€as€a€measureÐ €Ð Ðof€last€resort,€children€are€detained€for€the€shortest€time€necessary€and€separately€from€adults;Ð l¼ ÐÌ(f)€€Strengthen€the€capacity€of€the€juvenile€justice€system€to€provide€a€timely€response,€in€accordanceÐ D!” Ðwith€international€standards;Ð 0"€  ÐÌ(g)€€Implement€its€own€recommendations,€as€set€out€in€its€initial€report,€including:Ð $X" ÐÌà0  àð ðTo€strengthen€legal€provisions€and€ethical€procedures€in€order€to€ensure€that,€in€cases€whereÐ à%0!$ Ðdetention€is€inevitable,€treatment€appropriate€to€the€age€and€needs€of€the€minors€involved€isÐ Ì&"% Ðguaranteed,€they€are€allowed€frequent€contact€with€their€family,€they€have€immediate€accessÐ ¸'#& Ðto€all€necessary€legal€assistance,€and€they€have€the€freedom€and€right€to€ensure€their€defenceððÐ ¤(ô#' Ð(paragraph€565€of€the€State€partyððs€report);Ð)à$((#(# ÐÌà0  àð ðTo€strengthen€training€in€national€and€international€legislation€on€minors€for€all€thoseÐ h+¸&* Ðinvolved€in€the€administration€of€juvenile€justice,€as€well€as€the€managers€and€staff€of€theÐ T,¤'+ Ðunits€where€children€may€eventually€be€subject€to€detention€measuresðð€(para.€566);Ð@-(,(#(# Їà0  àð ðTo€establish€ððmechanisms€for€the€physical€and€psychological€recovery€and€socialÐ ° Ðreintegration€of€children€who€infringe€the€lawðððð€(para.€567);Мì(#(# ÐÌà0  àð ðTo€create€alternatives€to€detention,€particularly€with€a€view€to€providing€the€relevantÐ tÄ Ðassistance€to€which€the€child€is€entitled,€as€well€as€greater€articulation€with€other€socialÐ `° Ðsectors€such€as€social€action,€education€and€civil€society€organizations€that€are€able€toÐ L œ Ðincorporate€such€children€into€their€juvenile€rehabilitation€programmesðð€(para.€567);Ð8 ˆ(#(# ÐÌà0  àð ðTo€establish€mechanisms€of€cooperation€between€the€authorities€responsible€for€justiceÐ  ` Ðadministration€for€minors€and€communities,€which€have€the€potential€to€support€the€recoveryÐ ü L  Ðand€reintegration€of€juvenile€delinquents.€There€is€also€an€urgent€need€to€fill€the€vacuum€byÐ è 8  Ðcreating€occupational€and€recreational€centres€as€well€as€special€services€that€can€respond€toÐ Ô$  Ðthe€needs€of€children€at€riskðð€(para.€568).ÐÀ (#(# ÐÌ(h)€€Seek€technical€assistance€in€this€regard€from,€òòinter€aliaóó,€UNICEF,€Ô_ÔOHCHRÔ_Ô€and€the€UnitedÐ ˜è  ÐNations€Office€for€Drug€Control€and€Crime€Prevention,€through€the€Coordination€Panel€on€TechnicalÐ „Ô  ÐAssistance€and€Cooperation€on€Juvenile€Justice.Ð pÀ ÐÌòòRatification€of€the€two€optional€protocolsóóÐ H˜ ÐÌ323.€€Welcoming€the€fact€that€domestic€legislation€provides€that€voluntary€or€forced€recruitmentÐ  p Ðcannot€take€place€under€18€years€of€age,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€considerÐ  \ Ðratification€of:Ð øH ÐÌ(a)€€The€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€on€the€involvement€ofÐ Ð  Ðchildren€in€armed€conflicts;Ð ¼  ÐÌ(b)€€The€Optional€Protocol€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€on€the€sale€of€children,€childÐ ”ä Ðprostitution€and€child€pornography.€Ð €Ð ÐÌòòDissemination€of€reportsóóÐ X ¨ ÐÌ324.€€Finally,€in€the€light€of€article€44,€paragraph€6,€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€recommendsÐ 0"€  Ðthat€the€initial€report€and€written€replies€submitted€by€the€State€party€be€made€widely€available€to€theÐ #l! Ðpublic€at€large€and€that€consideration€be€given€to€publishing€the€report,€along€with€the€relevantÐ $X" Ðsummary€records€and€concluding€observations€adopted€thereon€by€the€Committee.€€Such€a€documentÐ ô$D # Ðshould€be€widely€distributed€in€order€to€generate€debate€and€awareness€of€the€Convention€and€itsÐ à%0!$ Ðimplementation€and€monitoring€at€all€levels€of€administration€of€the€State€party€and€among€theÐ Ì&"% Ðgeneral€public,€including€concerned€non„governmental€organizations.€Ô#†XéXX&Xé #Ô