ÿWPCà  ìQÁšÇfbÇÝÌk¥ÃþÁD€îw ’8½‹ç±‰ªl¯l|J.JÉòWê‰âèëËz*楺wj%^Œ^‹w£l‰åa®ãZF÷ÑjQ™ÂöãHDjÉ ß=êPGh~¯dRÇ⻨LXùeqe¹õ2=Ç®¸>DLøåR6üëOn©”+¡Yx2oÓt°d¥ŒÔÛà»h«ë"¦$()’¿3JVI{Ò˜oõµ?•|¡‚BÒ‘á[¯Ü÷â$óA*?‹á·Xw?¨{ãaBÉ¡ö‹ bŽ]Ì*yºÏ¯pØA_»:(R%Œtóu ¾‰l°×Õ?x ÃIG)ÿŒ_Y‘ +²{+-fÙÕ%Kðˆ? ò+QN;_' XøÏÛÂ@ÈV¼Ò1¡là°8è–Ý áýÓ_<ŽÀÔÏìÎá^Jâ–“ÊEÅÁt8U¹ã³`>ŽÖT4ÿ¤dghš—Ýõ| CqÝëÒBåK'sNø>Nö`‚r ÁÀ+yÌs§È¡úÏ.í€ÎuM/cnw€7oü½;+cPÛ¡M¨fB5Í'YVÕü*L¤¦ñ¥~þ/=ް%Xp7¿ÛPj'm>t’X¾D)çx*©!²+n½dâPÎ=¶°cëf#É”UN] %« 0:± ^ ë w÷ 4û   m N7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0Y9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0N’ ˜HP PSC 2350 seriesTŽ––––TŽ0(@øÐ Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ôtn,7‡ cC‚6pý¦3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôò òÔ‡¼÷º»XXÔÓ  ÓÑ8€«¦XXdìdÈ8ÑPAKISTANÔ#†X«¦X»¼÷º@#Ôó óÐ ° ÐÓ_ÓÌò òÔ_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ôó óÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓÌò òòòRESERVATIONS€AND€DECLARATIONSóóó óÐ ˆØ Ðòò(Unless€otherwise€indicated,€the€reservations€and€declarations€were€made€upon€ratification,Ð t Ä Ðaccession€or€succession)óóÐ ` ° ÐÌDeclaration:Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ"The€accession€by€[the]€Government€of€the€Islamic€Republic€of€Pakistan€to€the€[said€Convention]Ð `  Ðis€subject€to€the€provisions€of€the€Constitution€of€the€Islamic€Republic€of€Pakistan."Ð üL  ÐÌReservation:Ð Ô$  ÐÌ"The€Government€of€the€Islamic€Republic€of€Pakistan€declares€that€it€does€not€consider€itself€boundÐ ¬ü  Ðby€paragraph€1€of€article€29€of€the€Convention."Ð ˜è ÐÓ7ÓÓÓÌò òòòÌOBJECTIONS€MADE€TO€STATE€PARTYððS€RESERVATIONS€AND€DECLARATIONSÐ \¬ Ðóóó óòò(Unless€otherwise€indicated,€the€objections€were€made€upon€ratification,€accession€or€succession)óóÐ H˜ ÐÌò òAustriaó ó,€5€June€1997Ð  p ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€declaration€made€by€Pakistan€upon€accession:Ð üL ÐÌ"Austria€is€of€the€view€that€a€reservation€by€which€a€State€limits€its€responsibilities€under€theÐ Ô$ ÐConvention€in€a€general€and€unspecified€manner€by€invoking€internal€law€creates€doubts€as€to€theÐ À Ðcommitment€of€the€Islamic€Republic€of€Pakistan€with€its€obligations€under€the€Convention,€essentialÐ ¬ü Ðfor€the€fulfillment€of€its€object€and€purpose.Ð ˜è ÐÌIt€is€in€the€common€interests€of€States€that€treaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€Parties€areÐ p!À Ðrespected,€as€to€their€object€and€purpose,€by€all€Parties€and€that€States€are€prepared€to€undertake€anyÐ \"¬  Ðlegislative€changes€necessary€to€comply€with€their€obligations€under€the€treaties.Ð H#˜! ÐÌAustria€is€further€of€the€view€that€a€general€reservation€of€the€kind€made€by€the€Government€of€theÐ  %p # ÐIslamic€Republic€of€Pakistan,€which€does€not€clearly€specify€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€toÐ  &\!$ Ðwhich€it€applies€and€the€extent€of€the€derogation€therefrom,€contributes€to€undermining€the€basis€ofÐ ø&H"% Ðinternational€treaty€law.Ð ä'4#& ÐÌGiven€the€general€character€of€this€reservation€a€final€assessment€as€to€its€admissibility€underÐ ¼) %( Ðinternational€law€cannot€be€made€without€further€clarification.Ð ¨*ø%) ÐÐ ”+ä&* ÐAccording€to€international€law€a€reservation€is€inadmissible€to€the€extent€as€its€application€negativelyÐ ° Ðaffects€the€compliance€by€a€State€with€its€obligations€under€the€Convention€essential€for€theÐ œì ÐÔ_ÔfulfillmentÔ_Ô€of€its€object€and€purpose.Ð ˆØ ÐÌTherefore,€Austria€cannot€consider€the€reservation€made€by€the€Government€of€the€Islamic€RepublicÐ `° Ðof€Pakistan€as€admissible€unless€the€Government€of€the€Islamic€Republic€of€Pakistan,€by€providingÐ L œ Ðadditional€information€or€through€subsequent€practice,€ensures€that€the€reservation€is€compatible€withÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€provisions€essential€for€the€implementation€of€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention.Ð $ t ÐÌThis€view€by€Austria€would€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€in€its€entirety€of€the€ConventionÐ ü L  Ðbetween€Pakistan€and€Austria."Ð è 8  ÐÌÓÓÓ  Ó*****Ð À  ÐÓàÓòòò òÓÓÌóóFinlandó ó,€6€June€1997Ð ˜è  ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€declaration€made€by€Pakistan€upon€accession:Ð tÄ ÐÌ[Same€objection,€mutatis€mutandis,€as€the€one€made€for€Malaysia.]€Ð Lœ ÐÌà0  à[òòEd.€note:€as€followsóó:Ð$t(#(# ÐÌà0  àWith€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Malaysia€upon€accession:ÐüL(#(# ÐÌà0  à"The€reservations€made€by€Malaysia,€consisting€of€a€general€reference€to€religious€andÐ Ô$ Ðnational€law€without€specifying€the€contents€thereof€and€without€stating€unequivocally€theÐ À Ðprovisions€the€legal€effect€of€which€may€be€excluded€or€modified,€do€not€clearly€define€toÐ ¬ü Ðthe€other€Parties€of€the€Convention€the€extent€to€which€the€reserving€State€commits€itself€toÐ ˜è Ðthe€Convention€and€therefore€creates€serious€doubts€about€the€commitment€of€the€reservingÐ „Ô ÐState€to€fulfill€its€obligations€under€the€Convention.€Reservations€of€such€unspecified€natureÐ pÀ Ðmay€contribute€to€undermining€the€basis€of€international€human€rights€treaties.Ð\ ¬(#(# ÐÌà0  àThe€Government€of€Finland€also€recalls€that€the€reservations€of€Malaysia€are€subject€to€theÐ 4"„  Ðgeneral€principles€of€observance€of€treaties€according€to€which€a€party€may€not€invoke€theÐ  #p! Ðprovisions€of€its€internal€law€as€justification€for€failure€to€perform€its€treaty€obligations.€ItÐ  $\" Ðis€in€the€common€interest€of€States€that€Parties€to€international€treaties€are€prepared€to€takeÐ ø$H # Ðthe€necessary€legislative€changes€in€order€to€fulfil€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€treaty.Ðä%4!$(#(# ÐÌà0  àFurthermore,€the€reservations€made€by€Malaysia,€in€particular€to€articles€2€(f)€and€5€(a),€areÐ ¼' #& Ðtwo€fundamental€provisions€of€the€Convention€the€implementation€of€which€is€essential€toÐ ¨(ø#' Ðfulfilling€its€object€and€purpose.Д)ä$((#(# ÐÌà0  àThe€Government€of€Finland€considers€that€in€their€present€formulation€the€reservations€madeÐ l+¼&* Ðby€Malaysia€are€clearly€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€said€Convention€andÐ ° Ðtherefore€inadmissible€under€article€28,€paragraph€2,€of€the€said€Convention.€In€view€of€theÐ œì Ðabove,€the€Government€of€Finland€objects€to€these€reservations€and€notes€that€they€are€devoidÐ ˆØ Ðof€legal€effect."]ÐtÄ(#(# ÐÌÓÓÓ  Ó*****Ð L œ ÐÓcÓÓ*ÓÌò òGermanyó óÐ $ t ÐÌThe€Federal€Republic€of€Germany€considers€that€the€reservations€made€by€Egypt€regarding€articleÐ ü L  Ð2,€article€9,€paragraph€2,€and€article€16,€by€Bangladesh€regarding€article€2,€article€13€(a)€and€articleÐ è 8  Ð16,€paragraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€and€(f),€by€Brazil€regarding€article€15,€paragraph€4,€and€article€16,€paragraph€1Ð Ô$  Ð(a),€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(g)€and€(h),€by€Jamaica€regarding€article€9,€paragraph€2,€by€the€Republic€of€Korea€regardingÐ À  Ðarticle€9€and€article€16,€paragraph€1€Ô_Ô(c)Ô_Ô,€(d),€(f)€and€(g),€and€by€Mauritius€regarding€article€11,Ð ¬ü  Ðparagraph€1€(b)€and€(d),€and€article€16,€paragraph€1€(g),€are€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purposeÐ ˜è  Ðof€the€Convention€(article€28,€paragraph€2)€and€therefore€objects€to€them.€In€relation€to€the€FederalÐ „Ô  ÐRepublic€of€Germany,€they€may€not€be€invoked€in€support€of€a€legal€practice€which€does€not€pay€dueÐ pÀ Ðregard€to€the€legal€status€afforded€to€women€and€children€in€the€Federal€Republic€of€Germany€inÐ \¬ Ðconformity€with€the€above-mentioned€articles€of€the€Convention.€This€objection€shall€not€precludeÐ H˜ Ðthe€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention€as€between€Egypt,€Bangladesh,€Brazil,€Jamaica,€the€RepublicÐ 4„ Ðof€Korea,€Mauritius€and€the€Federal€Republic€of€Germany.Ð  p ÐÌObjections€of€the€same€nature€were€also€formulated€by€the€Government€of€the€Federal€Republic€ofÐ øH ÐGermany€in€regard€to€reservations€made€by€various€states,€as€follows:€Ð ä4 Ð...Ð Ð  Ðviii)€28€May€1997:€In€respect€of€the€declaration€made€by€Pakistan.Ð ¼  Ð...Ð ¨ø ÐÌÓ™ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð €Ð ÐÓ!ÓÓ5ÓÌò òòòóóNetherlandsó ó,€30€May€1997Ð X ¨ ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€declaration€made€by€Pakistan€upon€accession:Ð 4"„  ÐÌ[Same€objection,€mutatis€mutandis,€as€the€one€made€for€Malaysia.]Ð  $\" ÐÌà0  à[òòEd.€note:€as€followsóó:Ðä%4!$(#(# ÐÌà  àWith€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Malaysia€upon€accession:Ð ¼' #& ÐÌà0  à"The€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€Ô_Ôconsiders...thatÔ_Ô€such€reservations,Ð ”)ä$( Ðwhich€seeks€to€limit€the€responsibilities€of€the€reserving€State€under€the€Convention€byÐ €*Ð%) Ðinvoking€the€general€principles€of€national€law€and€the€Constitution,€may€raise€doubts€as€toÐ l+¼&* Ðthe€commitment€of€this€State€to€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€and,€moreoverÐ ° Ðcontribute€to€undermining€the€basis€of€international€treaty€law.€It€is€in€the€common€interestÐ œì Ðof€States€that€treaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€parties€should€be€respected,€asÐ ˆØ Ðto€object€and€purpose,€by€all€parties.ÐtÄ(#(# ÐÌà0  àThe€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€further€considers€that€the€reservationsÐ L œ Ðmade€by€Malaysia€regarding€article€2€(f),€article€5€(a),€article€9€and€article€16€of€theÐ 8 ˆ ÐConvention€are€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention.Ð$ t(#(# ÐÌà0  àThe€Government€of€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€therefore€objects€to€theÐ ü L  Ðabove-mentioned€reservations.€This€objection€shall€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€theÐ è 8  ÐConvention€between€the€Kingdom€of€the€Netherlands€and€Malaysia."]ÐÔ$ (#(# ÐÌÓD!ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð ¬ü  ÐÓ‡(Óò òÓ<ÓÌNorwayó ó,€6€June€1997Ð „Ô  ÐÌWith€regard€to€the€declarations€made€by€Pakistan€upon€accession:Ð `° ÐÌ[Same€objection,€mutatis€mutandis,€as€the€one€made€for€Maldives.]Ð 8ˆ ÐÌà0  à[òòEd.€note:€as€followsóó:Ð`(#(# ÐÌà  àWith€regard€to€the€reservations€made€by€Maldives€upon€accession:Ð è8 ÐÌà0  à"In€the€view€of€the€Government€of€Norway,€a€reservation€by€which€a€State€party€limits€itsÐ À Ðresponsibilities€under€the€Convention€by€invoking€general€principles€of€internal€law€mayÐ ¬ü Ðcreate€doubts€about€the€commitments€of€the€reserving€State€to€the€object€and€purpose€of€theÐ ˜è ÐConvention€and,€moreover,€contribute€to€undermine€the€basis€of€international€treaty€law.€ItÐ „Ô Ðis€in€the€common€interest€of€States€that€treaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€partiesÐ pÀ Ðalso€are€respected,€as€to€their€object€and€purpose,€by€all€parties.€Furthermore,€under€wellÐ \ ¬ Ðestablished€international€treaty€law,€a€State€is€not€permitted€to€invoke€internal€law€asÐ H!˜ Ðjustification€for€its€failure€to€perform€its€treaty€obligations.€For€these€reasons,€theÐ 4"„  ÐGovernment€of€Norway€objects€to€Maldives€reservations.Ð #p!(#(# ÐÌà0  àThe€Government€of€Norway€does€not€consider€this€objection€to€constitute€an€obstacle€to€theÐ ø$H # Ðentry€into€force€of€the€above-stated€Convention€between€the€Kingdom€of€Norway€and€theÐ ä%4!$ ÐRepublic€of€Maldives."]ÐÐ& "%(#(# ÐÌÓÀ(ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð ¨(ø#' ÐÓX/ÓòòÓ)ÓNoteóóÐ ”)ä$( ÐÌ...[Ô_ÔO]nÔ_Ô€12€February€1997,€the€Secretary-General€received€from€the€Government€of€Denmark€theÐ l+¼&* Ðfollowing€communication€with€regard€to€reservations€made€by€Kuwait€upon€ratification:Ð ° ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Denmark€finds€that€the€said€reservations€are€covering€central€provisions€of€theÐ ˆØ ÐConvention.€Furthermore€it€is€a€general€principle€of€international€law€that€internal€law€may€not€beÐ tÄ Ðinvoked€as€justification€for€failure€to€perform€treaty€obligations.€The€Government€of€Denmark€findsÐ `° Ðthat€the€reservations€are€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€and€accordinglyÐ L œ Ðinadmissible€and€without€effect€under€international€law.€Consequently,€the€Government€of€DenmarkÐ 8 ˆ Ðobjects€to€these€reservations.Ð $ t ÐÌIt€is€the€opinion€of€the€Government€of€Denmark€that€no€time€limit€applies€to€objections€againstÐ ü L  Ðreservations,€which€are€inadmissible€under€international€law.Ð è 8  ÐÌThe€Convention€remains€in€force€in€its€entirety€between€Kuwait€and€Denmark.Ð À  ÐÌThe€Government€of€Denmark€recommends€the€Government€of€Kuwait€to€reconsider€its€reservationsÐ ˜è  Ðto€the€[said]€Convention."Ð „Ô  Ð...Ð pÀ Ð...[Ô_ÔT]heÔ_Ô€Secretary-General€received€from€the€Government€of€Denmark,€communications,€identicalÐ \¬ Ðin€essence,€mutatis€mutandis,€as€the€one€made€for€Kuwait...on€23€March€1998,€in€regard€toÐ H˜ Ðreservations€made€by€Pakistan€upon€ratification.Ð 4„ Ðòò(Note€37,€Chapter€IV.8,€Multilateral€Treaties€Deposited€with€the€Secretary„General)óóÐ  p ÐÌÓ‘/ÓÓ  Ó*****Ð øH ÐÓæ6ÓÓÓÌòòNoteóóÐ Ð  ÐÌOn€13€August€1997,€the€Secretary-General€received€from€the€Government€of€Sweden€the€followingÐ ¨ø Ðcommunication€with€regard€to€the€reservation€made€by€Singapore:Ð ”ä ÐÌ"The€Government€of€Sweden€is€of€the€view€that€these€general€reservations€raise€doubts€as€to€theÐ l¼ Ðcommitment€of€Singapore€to€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€and€would€recall€that,Ð X ¨ Ðaccording€to€article€28,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Convention,€a€reservation€incompatible€with€the€objectÐ D!” Ðand€purpose€of€the€Convention€shall€not€be€permitted.Ð 0"€  ÐÌIt€is€in€the€common€interest€of€states€that€treaties€to€which€they€have€chosen€to€become€parties€areÐ $X" Ðrespected,€as€to€their€object€and€purpose,€by€all€parties€and€that€states€are€prepared€to€undertake€anyÐ ô$D # Ðlegislative€changes€necessary€to€comply€with€their€obligations€under€the€treaties.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌThe€Government€of€Sweden€is€further€of€the€view€that€general€reservations€of€the€kind€made€by€theÐ ¸'#& ÐGovernment€of€Singapore,€which€do€not€clearly€specify€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€to€whichÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthey€apply€and€the€extent€of€the€derogation€therefrom,€contribute€to€undermining€the€basis€ofÐ )à$( Ðinternational€treaty€law.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* ÐThe€Government€of€Sweden€therefore€objects€to€the€aforesaid€general€reservations€made€by€theÐ ° ÐGovernment€of€Singapore€to€the€[said€Convention].Ð œì ÐÌThis€objection€does€not€preclude€the€entry€into€force€of€the€Convention€between€Singapore€andÐ tÄ ÐSweden.€The€Convention€will€thus€become€operative€between€the€two€states€without€SingaporeÐ `° ÐÔ_ÔbenefittingÔ_Ô€from€these€reservations.Ð L œ ÐÌIt€is€the€opinion€of€the€Government€of€Sweden,€that€no€time€limit€applies€to€objections€againstÐ $ t Ðreservations,€which€are€inadmissible€under€international€law."Ð  ` ÐÌOn€that€same€date,€the€Secretary-General€received€from€the€Government€of€Sweden,€aÐ è 8  Ðcommunication€with€regard€to€the€declaration€made€by€Pakistan,€identical€in€essence,€mutatisÐ Ô$  Ðmutandis,€as€the€one€made€for€Singapore.Ð À  Ðòò(Note€54,€Chapter€IV.8,€Multilateral€Treaties€Deposited€with€the€Secretary„General)óóÐ ¬ü  ÐÓ7ÓÓ  ÓÌ*****Ð „Ô  ÐÓAÓÓÓÌòòNoteóóÐ \¬ ÐÌIn€this€regard,€on€23€July€1997,€the€Secretary-General€received€from€the€Government€of€Portugal,Ð 4„ Ðthe€following€communication:Ð  p ÐÌ"Portugal€is€of€the€view€that€a€general€declaration€of€the€kind€made€by€Pakistan,€constituting€in€factÐ øH Ðin€legal€terms€a€general€reservation,€and€not€clearly€specifying€the€provisions€of€the€Convention€toÐ ä4 Ðwhich€it€applies€and€the€extent€of€the€derogation€therefrom,€contributes€to€undermining€the€basis€ofÐ Ð  Ðinternational€law.Ð ¼  ÐÌFurthermore,€according€to€paragraph€2€of€article€28€of€the€Convention,€a€general€reservation€of€suchÐ ”ä Ða€kind€is€incompatible€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention€and€shall€not€be€permitted.Ð €Ð ÐÌPortugal€therefore€objects€to€the€aforesaid€general€reservation€which€will€not€preclude€the€entry€intoÐ X ¨ Ðforce€of€the€Convention€in€its€entirety€between€Pakistan€and€Portugal."Ð D!” Ðòò(Note€Ô_Ô55,Ô_Ô€Chapter€IV.8,€Multilateral€Treaties€Deposited€with€the€Secretary„General)óóÐ 0"€  ÐÓ;AÓ