ÿWPC[ xOú€Î¼¶ ËÁvÉßßX"…áž+²wŒïKüÏß2XgRIå©hR.²§ˆ\^ˆitMo5žVbVÖoÝŽúù7J‚8Î`hKÞUð•’Æ‘ƒöç©ÔZS:u°G1Í&a¦Õ„£ÁKÍË,[ÍÃ7Rå”ßu@ïøÊÖ[å äAÓè}´U¾( 2ÓPñhOç™|÷žñ€¬¡ Ø']û1Í I¥§4ÃSáÜš·ž³t{õ¶=îtË’%^é,h±¡S¤{üóÜ&ë)ô²¶Öžè0Ê­¢+®$bŠë9…¹?¢a,>QzaGB&Z˜dzÿfr:±°=O™­{¾qŠP®îM¶61Ü|á{dk³3r¯ š«“¼KóñÆÃ×åãÐå{»^šDaÞ¢@²•Œ æ¶¹®†XŠÈûÓnb±×ýPÍ…°®Šd‹»y˜^˜dïÝ 0âñâ;üC|ý„ÇÏæ¯ðõZéÇ0z³md㉠ìœsëvûd`K{ ó&%‹©!·™ç`xÌKÏžÙfeÏxC)Ò|Ë7¸"b›É±"ïö2ΟDÞ#REÿ¯¿ëwÏ+‰ŽwÏæŠîÿYÁ'ÿ£X?·Múþ‡î #Á¶UNw %Å 0:Ë^ w4)8 m:QNY˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,ÔO‹m, ó}z+À„ÀŸ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡¼çì»XXÔò òPERUó óÔ#†X±PX»¼çìI#ÔÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓÌò òCAT€€A/50/44€(1995)ó óÐ ° ÐÌ62.€€The€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Peru€(CAT/C/7/Add.16),€which€should€have€beenÐ ˆØ Ðsubmitted€in€1989,€at€its€193òòrdóó€and€194òòthóó€meetings,€held€on€9€November€1994€(CAT/C/SR.193€andÐ t Ä Ð194€and€Add.2),€and€adopted€the€following€conclusions€and€recommendations.Ð ` ° ÐÌA.€€òòIntroductionóóÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌ63.€€The€Committee€appreciates€the€presence€of€a€highly€qualified€delegation,€as€well€as€theÐ `  Ðclarifications€and€explanations€supplied€in€both€the€written€and€oral€reports.Ð üL  ÐÌB.€€òòPositive€aspectsóóÐ Ô$  ÐÌ64.€€The€Committee€notes€the€intention€expressed€by€the€delegation€to€submit€all€the€reports€requiredÐ ¬ü  Ðby€international€human€rights€organizations€and€to€respond€to€all€their€requests.Ð ˜è ÐÌ65.€€The€Committee€takes€due€note€of€the€intensive€campaign€to€make€the€armed€forces€and€theÐ pÀ Ðpolice€more€aware€of€the€need€to€respect€human€rights.Ð \¬ ÐÌ66.€€The€Committee€is€pleased€to€note€the€approval€of€various€items€of€legislation,€such€as€thatÐ 4„ Ðpermitting€procurators€to€visit€places€of€detention€in€areas€where€a€state€of€emergency€has€beenÐ  p Ðdeclared,€that€providing€for€greater€flexibility€in€the€procedures€relating€to€terrorism€and€those€whichÐ  \ Ðestablish€new€bodies€for€protecting€human€rights.Ð øH ÐÌC.€€òòSubjects€of€concernóóÐ Ð  ÐÌ67.€€One€cause€for€serious€concern€is€the€large€number€of€complaints€from€both€non-governmentalÐ ¨ø Ðorganizations€and€international€agencies€or€commissions€indicating€that€torture€is€being€usedÐ ”ä Ðextensively€in€connection€with€the€investigation€of€acts€of€terrorism€and€that€those€responsible€areÐ € Ð Ðgoing€unpunished.Ð l!¼ ÐÌ68.€€The€Committee€points€out€that€the€legislation€intended€to€repress€acts€of€terrorism€does€not€meetÐ D#”! Ðthe€requirements€of€international€agreements€concerning€a€fair,€just€and€impartial€trial€with€minimumÐ 0$€" Ðsafeguards€for€the€rights€of€the€accused€(for€example,€"faceless"€judges,€serious€limitations€on€theÐ %l # Ðright€of€defense,€lack€of€opportunity€to€take€proceedings€before€a€court,€extension€of€the€period€ofÐ &X!$ Ðincommunicado€detention,€etc.).Ð ô&D"% ÐÌ69.€€The€Committee€is€also€concerned€by€the€subjection€of€civilians€to€military€jurisdiction€and€byÐ Ì($' Ðthe€fact€that,€in€practice,€the€competence€of€the€military€courts€is€being€extended€as€regards€cases€ofÐ ¸)%( Ðabuse€of€authority.Ð ¤*ô%) ÐÌD.€€òòRecommendationsóóÐ |,Ì'+ ÐÐ h-¸(, ÐÔ_Ô70.€€The€Committee€is€aware€of€the€serious€difficulties€which€Peru€is€experiencing€because€of€theÐ ° Ðterrorist€attacks,€which€are€to€be€condemned,€and€hopes€that€it€will€succeed€in€overcoming€them.Ð œì ÐÌ71.€€Despite€the€determination€stated€by€the€delegation€of€Peru,€in€the€Committee's€opinion,€theÐ tÄ Ðlegislative€and€administrative€measures€adopted€in€order€to€comply€with€the€Convention€have€notÐ `° Ðbeen€effective€in€preventing€acts€of€torture,€as€required€by€article€2,€paragraph€1€of€the€Convention.Ð L œ ÐÌ72.€€At€the€same€time,€the€requirements€of€articles€12€and€13€of€the€Convention€concerning€the€needÐ $ t Ðfor€a€prompt€and€impartial€investigation€of€all€complaints€of€torture€are€not€being€met.Ð  ` ÐÌ73.€€Nevertheless,€taking€into€consideration€the€intentions€expressed€by€the€delegation€and€the€factÐ è 8  Ðthat€the€Government€has€available€to€it€the€means€necessary€to€eradicate€the€scourge€of€torture,€theÐ Ô$  ÐCommittee€suggests€the€adoption€of,€among€others,€the€following€measures:Ð À  ÐÌ(a)€€The€procedure€relating€to€terrorist€offences€should€be€reviewed€for€the€purpose€of€establishingÐ ˜è  Ða€prosecution€system€which€is€effective€but€which€preserves€the€independence€and€impartiality€ofÐ „Ô  Ðthe€courts€and€the€right€of€defense,€with€the€elimination€of€so-called€"faceless€trials"€and€the€holdingÐ pÀ Ðof€detainees€incommunicado;Ð \¬ ÐÌ(b)€€The€military€courts€should€be€regulated€to€prevent€them€from€trying€civilians€and€to€restrict€theirÐ 4„ Ðjurisdiction€to€military€offences,€by€introducing€the€appropriate€legal€and€constitutional€changes;Ð  p ÐÌ(c)€€The€Judicature€Council€and€the€Ombudsman€should€start€operating€as€soon€as€possible;Ð øH ÐÌ(d)€€The€activities€of€the€procurators'€offices€should€be€strengthened€and€they€should€be€providedÐ Ð  Ðwith€the€means€necessary€to€perform€their€functions;Ð ¼  ÐÌ(e)€€The€possibility€of€making€the€declarations€provided€for€in€the€Convention€in€the€circumstancesÐ ”ä Ðdescribed€in€articles€21€and€22€should€be€analyzed;Ð €Ð ÐÌ(f)€€Consideration€should€be€given€to€defining€torture€as€an€independent€offence€punishable€by€aÐ X ¨ Ðpenalty€appropriate€to€its€seriousness;Ð D!” ÐÌ(g)€€The€efforts€to€educate€medical€and€law-enforcement€personnel,€civil€and€military,€should€beÐ #l! Ðintensified,€as€should€the€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô€for€the€full€rehabilitation€of€victims.Ð $X" ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÐ @-(, Їò òÔ‡¼çì»XX±PÔÌÔ#†X±PX»¼çìÒ#ÔCAT€€A/53/44€Ô_Ô(1998)Ô_ÔÐ Ä ÐÌó ó197.€€The€Committee€considered€the€second€periodic€report€of€Peru€(CAT/C/20/Add.6)€at€its€330òòthóó,Ð œì Ð331òòstóó€and€333òòrdóó€meetings,€held€on€12€and€13€May€1998€(see€CAT/C/SR.330,€331€and€333),€andÐ ˆØ Ðadopted€the€following€conclusions€and€recommendations.Ð t Ä ÐÌ1.€òòIntroductionóóÐ L œ ÐÌ198.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€submission€of€the€second€periodic€report€of€Peru€which,€despiteÐ $ t  Ðthe€six€year€delay,€nonetheless€reflects€the€manifest€wish€of€the€State€party€to€maintain€dialogue.Ð `  ÐÌ199.€€The€Committee€also€appreciates€the€fact€that€the€size,€quality€and€highly€representative€natureÐ è8  Ðof€the€delegation€of€Peru€is€proof€of€the€State€party's€interest€in€the€work€of€the€Committee.Ð Ô$  ÐÌ2.€òòPositive€aspectsóóÐ ¬ü  ÐÌ200.€€The€Committee€notes€the€following€positive€aspects.Ð „Ô ÐÌ(a)€€Peru's€willingness€to€give€effect€to€the€recommendations€that€the€Committee€put€forward€duringÐ \¬ Ðthe€consideration€of€the€State€party's€initial€report;Ð H˜ ÐÌ(b)€€The€abolition€of€the€"faceless€judges"€system;Ð  p ÐÌ(c)€€The€introduction€into€Peruvian€legislation€of€a€definition€of€torture€consistent€with€the€provisionsÐ øH Ðof€article€1€of€the€Convention;Ð ä4 ÐÌ(d)€€The€planned€or€actual€reforms€announced€by€the€Minister€of€Justice,€who€headed€the€delegationÐ ¼  Ðof€Peru,€and€which€are€designed€to€improve€the€human€rights€situation€in€the€framework€of€the€fightÐ ¨ø Ðagainst€terrorist€violence€and€to€reaffirm€the€independence€of€the€judiciary.Ð ”ä ÐÌ3.€òòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€application€of€the€provisions€of€the€ConventionóóÐ l!¼ ÐÌ201.€€The€Committee€finds€no€factors€or€difficulties€impeding€the€effective€application€of€theÐ D#”! ÐConvention€by€Peru.Ð 0$€" ÐÌ4.€òòSubjects€of€concernóóÐ &X!$ ÐÌ202.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€about€the€following:Ð à'0#& ÐÌ(a)€€The€frequent€and€numerous€allegations€of€torture;Ð ¸)%( ÐÌ(b)€€The€maintenance€of€the€competence€of€military€courts€to€try€civilians;Ð +à&* ÐÌ(c)€€The€excessive€role€still€assigned€to€military€courts€at€the€expense€of€civil€courts;Ð h-¸(, Ї(d)€€The€laws€passed€between€1995€and€1998,€which€arguably€seem€designed€as€a€renewed€challengeÐ ° Ðto€the€independence€of€the€judiciary:Ð œì ÐÌ(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€€Act€No.€26546€of€26€November€1995€establishing€the€Executive€Commission€of€the€Judiciary;Ð tÄ ÐÌ(ii)€€Act€No.€26623€of€19€June€1996€reorganizing€the€Office€of€the€Public€Prosecutor€and€establishingÐ L œ Ðthe€Executive€Commission€of€the€Office€of€the€Public€Prosecutor;Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌ(iii)€€Act€No.€26695€of€3€December€1996€establishing€temporary€benches€at€the€Supreme€Court€andÐ  ` Ð"higher€courts";Ð ü L  ÐÌ(iv)€€Act€No.€26933€of€12€March€1998€limiting€the€powers€of€the€National€Council€of€the€Judiciary;Ð Ô$  ÐÌ(e)€€The€maintenance€of€emergency€legislation€hardly€conducive€to€respect€for€human€rights€inÐ ¬ü  Ðgeneral€and€the€elimination€of€torture€in€particular.Ð ˜è  ÐÌ5.€ò òòòó óRecommendationsóóÐ pÀ ÐÌ203.€€While€noting€and€welcoming€the€new€measures€that€have€been€taken€or€announced,€includingÐ H˜ Ðsome€which€are€in€the€spirit€of€the€recommendations€made€during€the€consideration€of€Peru's€initialÐ 4„ Ðreport,€the€Committee€reiterates€those€recommendations€and€calls€upon€the€State€party€to€expediteÐ  p Ðreforms€designed€to€establish€a€State€genuinely€founded€upon€the€rule€of€law.Ð  \ ÐÌ204.€€The€State€party€should€consider€repealing€laws€which€may€undermine€the€independence€of€theÐ ä4 Ðjudiciary,€and€take€account€of€the€fact€that,€in€this€area,€the€competent€authority€with€regard€to€theÐ Ð  Ðselection€and€careers€of€judges€should€be€independent€of€the€Government€and€the€administration.€ToÐ ¼  Ðguarantee€such€independence,€measures€should€be€taken€to€ensure,€for€example,€that€the€membersÐ ¨ø Ðof€that€authority€are€appointed€by€the€judiciary€and€that€the€authority€itself€decides€on€its€rules€ofÐ ”ä Ðprocedure.Ð €Ð ÐÌ205.€€The€State€party€should€consider,€pursuant€to€articles€6,€11,€12,€13€and€14€of€the€Convention,Ð X ¨ Ðtaking€measures€to€ensure€that€victims€of€torture€or€other€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatment,€andÐ D!” Ðtheir€legal€successors,€receive€redress,€compensation€and€rehabilitation€in€all€circumstances.Ð 0"€  ÐÌÌÌÐ  à%0!$ Ðò òÔUKUS.,ÔCAT€A/55/44€Ô_Ô(2000)ó óÔ_ÔÐ ° ÐÌ56.à  àThe€Committee€considered€the€third€periodic€report€of€Peru€(CAT/C/39/Add.1)€at€its€399th,Ð ˆØ Ð402nd€and€404th€meetings€on€12,€15€and€16€November€1999€(CAT/C/SR.399,€402€and€404),€andÐ tÄ Ðadopted€the€following€conclusions€and€recommendations.Ð `° ÐÌò ò1.à  àIntroductionó óÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌ57.à  àThe€Committee€welcomes€the€submission€of€the€third€periodic€report€of€Peru,€whichÐ  ` Ðcorresponds€generally€with€the€Committee's€guidelines€concerning€the€form€and€content€of€reports,Ð ü L  Ðas€well€as€the€continuing€dialogue€with€experienced€representatives€of€the€State€party,€including€theÐ è 8  Ðintroductory€oral€information€given€by€the€delegation.Ð Ô$  ÐÌò ò2.à  àPositive€aspectsó óÐ ¬ü  ÐÌ58.à  àThe€Committee€notes€as€positive€the€following:Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  à(a)à ` àThe€inclusion€of€the€crime€of€torture,€in€broad€conformity€with€the€definitionÐ \¬ Ðcontained€in€article€1€of€the€Convention,€in€the€Penal€Code;Ð H˜ ÐÌà  à(b)à ` àThe€policy€of€placing€the€crime€of€aggravated€treason€within€the€jurisdiction€of€theÐ  p Ðcivil€courts;Ð  \ ÐÌà  à(c)à ` àThe€comprehensive€programme€of€education€undertaken€in€all€branches€of€the€civilÐ ä4 Ðand€armed€forces€to€raise€awareness€of€human€rights€obligations,€in€particular€the€prohibition€againstÐ Ð  Ðtorture;Ð ¼  ÐÌà  à(d)à ` àThe€gradual€lifting€of€the€state€of€emergency€laws€in€most€of€the€country€and€theÐ ”ä Ðdeclared€intention€to€lift€them€completely€in€the€year€2000;Ð €Ð ÐÌà  à(e)à ` àThe€establishment€of€the€office€of€the€Ombudsman;Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  à(f)à ` àThe€creation€of€a€national€registry€of€detainees€and€persons€sentenced€to€a€custodialÐ 0"€  Ðpenalty€(Law€No.€26295)€which€is€publicly€accessible;Ð #l! ÐÌà  à(g)à ` àThe€creation€of€the€Ad€Hoc€National€Commission€on€Pardon;Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  à(h)à ` àThe€reduction€in€recent€years€of€complaints€of€maltreatment€by€persons€in€custody.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌò ò3.à  àSubjects€of€concernó óÐ ¤(ô#' ÐÌ59.à  àThe€Committee€expresses€concern€about€the€following:Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌà  à(a)à ` àThe€continuing€numerous€allegations€of€torture;Ð T,¤'+ ÐÐ @-(, ÐÔ_Ôà  à(b)à ` àThe€lack€of€"independence"€of€those€members€of€the€judiciary€who€have€no€securityÐ ° Ðof€tenure;Ð œì ÐÌà  à(c)à ` àThe€period€of€incommunicado€pre„trial€detention€of€15€days€for€persons€suspectedÐ tÄ Ðof€acts€of€terrorism;Ð `° ÐÌà  à(d)à ` àThe€use€of€military€courts€to€try€civilians;Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  à(e)à ` àThe€automatic€penalty€of€at€least€one€year€of€solitary€confinement€from€the€date€ofÐ  ` Ðtrial€for€anyone€convicted€of€a€terrorism€offence;Ð ü L  ÐÌà  à(f)à ` àThe€apparent€lack€of€effective€investigation€and€prosecution€of€those€who€are€accusedÐ Ô$  Ðof€having€committed€acts€of€torture;Ð À  ÐÌà  à(g)à ` àThe€use€of,€in€particular,€the€amnesty€laws€which€preclude€prosecution€of€allegedÐ ˜è  Ðtorturers€who€must,€according€to€articles€4,€5€and€12€of€the€Convention,€be€investigated€andÐ „Ô  Ðprosecuted€where€appropriate;Ð pÀ ÐÌà  à(h)à ` àThe€maintenance€in€some€parts€of€the€country€of€emergency€laws€which€abrogateÐ H˜ Ðordinary€human€rights€protection;Ð 4„ ÐÌà  à(i)à ` àThe€special€prison€regime€applicable€to€convicted€terrorists€and€in€particular€toÐ  \ Ðconvicted€terrorist€leaders;Ð øH ÐÌà  à(j)à ` àThe€failure€of€the€Attorney€General's€Office€to€keep€a€precise€register€of€persons€whoÐ Ð  Ðclaim€that€they€have€been€tortured.Ð ¼  ÐÌò ò4.à  àRecommendationsó óÐ ”ä ÐÌ60.à  àThe€Committee€against€Torture€reiterates€the€recommendations€it€made€at€the€end€of€itsÐ l¼ Ðconsideration€of€the€second€periodic€report€of€Peru€on€12€May€1998,€which€are€as€follows;Ð X ¨ ÐÌà8  à"While€noting€and€welcoming€the€new€measures€that€have€been€taken€or€announced,Ð 0"€  Ðincluding€some€which€are€in€the€spirit€of€the€recommendations€made€during€theÐ #l! Ðconsideration€of€Peru's€initial€report,€the€Committee€reiterates€thoseÐ $X" Ðrecommendations€and€calls€upon€the€State€party€to€expedite€reforms€designed€toÐ ô$D # Ðestablish€a€State€genuinely€founded€upon€the€rule€of€law.Ðà%0!$Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  à"The€State€party€should€consider€repealing€laws€which€may€undermine€theÐ ¸'#& Ðindependence€of€the€judiciary,€and€take€account€of€the€fact€that,€in€this€area,€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðcompetent€authority€with€regard€to€the€selection€and€careers€of€judges€should€beÐ )à$( Ðindependent€of€the€Government€and€the€administration.€€To€guarantee€suchÐ |*Ì%) Ðindependence,€measures€should€be€taken€to€ensure,€for€example,€that€the€membersÐ h+¸&* Ðof€that€authority€are€appointed€by€the€judiciary€and€that€the€authority€itself€decides€onÐ T,¤'+ Ðits€rules€of€procedure.Ð@-(,Ð Ð  Їà0  à"The€State€party€should€consider,€pursuant€to€articles€6,€11,€12,€13€and€14€of€the€Convention,Ð ° Ðtaking€measures€to€ensure€that€victims€of€torture€or€other€cruel,€inhuman€or€degradingÐ œì Ðtreatment,€and€their€legal€successors,€receive€redress,€compensation€and€rehabilitation€in€allÐ ˆØ Ðcircumstances."ÐtÄ(#(# ÐÌ61.à  àIn€addition,€the€Committee€recommends€that:Ð L œ ÐÌà  à(a)à ` àThe€State€party€should€ensure€vigorous€investigation€and,€where€appropriate,€theÐ $ t Ðprosecution€of€all€reported€instances€of€alleged€torture€and€ill„treatment€by€its€authorities,€whetherÐ  ` Ðcivil€or€military;Ð ü L  ÐÌà  à(b)à ` àThe€period€of€pre„trial€incommunicado€detention€should€be€abolished;Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  à(c)à ` àThe€ò òautomaticó ó€period€of€solitary€confinement€for€persons€convicted€of€terroristÐ ¬ü  Ðoffences€should€be€abolished;Ð œì  ÐÌà  à(d)à ` àAmnesty€laws€should€exclude€torture€from€their€reach;Ð tÄ ÐÌà  à(e)à ` àThe€special€regime€that€applies€to€convicted€terrorists€should€be€reviewed€with€a€viewÐ Lœ Ðto€the€gradual€abolition€of€the€virtual€isolation€and€other€restrictions€that€are€inconsistent€with€theÐ 8ˆ Ðprovisions€of€article€16€and€may€in€certain€cases€amount€to€torture€as€defined€in€Article€1€of€theÐ $t ÐConvention;Ð ` ÐÌà  à(f)à ` àA€similar€national€registry€to€that€pertaining€to€detainees€should€be€established€forÐ è8 Ðpersons€claiming€to€be€victims€of€torture.Ð Ô$ ÐÌ62.à  àThe€Committee€once€again€emphasizes€that€the€State€party€should€return€jurisdiction€fromÐ ¬ü Ðmilitary€courts€to€civil€courts€in€all€matters€concerning€civilians.Ð ˜è ÐÌ63.à  àFinally,€the€Committee€calls€upon€the€State€party€to€consider€making€the€declarations€underÐ pÀ Ðarticles21€and€22€of€the€Convention.Ð \ ¬ ÐÔUS.,UK.,±*ÔÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ