ÿWPC§ “_Êd7ÁHi=‹'mÏ·?j &¨-í¥ÔGÞÎäÁŸ¡ytfï¦ñž/´kàLûÅاÓχü¿uSM,÷V`ƒtê¬jíð ¥rú~˃jfåä‚„z¢Çµÿ£\.ÂcñÐCæÉÍ—‡Cm⬞ÎÈää$âkÀ„Ö4dw\áiû~ Xkp|næ7Šæ¹P}vâXd7UXÂàáé{>°OV=?9H6  ¶È dÍK'ò–·ªL‚]+y2Ji¿pä¿2…PpƒåjNdâŽDžvRºGÆ$Û„Ûºåðp= ´RáSßd.=Ò‘ [WF¼VZ,"¿z'ù:Õ¶œ7ªèD#ÁÄUN… %Ó 0:Ù^ w4#7F mH_NgU>i˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÙØÙÙØÈÙ0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,ÔÉ:/ sä.ê:i¢Ø+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ô\  `‹&Times New RomanÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÓ  Óò òÔ‡¼a€»XXÔROMANIAÔ#†X'6X»¼a€\#Ôó óÐ ° ÐÌÌÓMÓò òCRC€€A/49/41€(1994)ó óÐ “ã ÐÌÔUSUK.,Ô16.€€òòConcluding€observationsóóÐ f ¶ ÐÌÓ  Ó289.€€The€Committee€considered€the€initial€report€of€Romania€(CRC/C/3/Add.16)€at€its€120òòthóó€to€122òòndóóÐ 8 ˆ Ðmeetings€(CRC/C/SR.120-122),€held€on€20€and€21€January€1994€and€adopted€at€its€130òòthóó€meeting,Ð ! q Ðheld€on€28€January€1994,€the€following€concluding€observations.Ð  Z  ÐÌ(a)€€òòIntroductionóóÐ Ü,  ÐÌ290.€€The€Committee€expresses€its€appreciation€to€the€State€party€for€submitting,€prior€to€the€session,Ð ®þ  Ðwritten€replies€to€its€list€of€issues€(CRC/C.4/WP.5)€and€for€engaging€in€a€fruitful€dialogue€with€theÐ —ç  ÐCommittee.€Ð €Ð  ÐÌ(b)€€òòPositive€aspectsóóÐ R¢ ÐÌ291.€€The€Committee€welcomes€measures€undertaken€by€the€Government€of€Romania,€since€theÐ $t Ðentry€into€force€of€the€Convention€in€1990,€in€order€to€promote€and€protect€children's€rights.€€It€notesÐ  ] Ðthe€establishment€of€such€governmental€agencies€as€the€Central€Committee€for€the€Orientation€andÐ öF ÐCoordination€of€Activities€on€Behalf€of€Minors,€the€Committee€for€the€Support€of€Child-careÐ ß/ ÐInstitutions€and€the€Romanian€Adoption€Committee.€€Of€particular€importance€was€the€creation,€inÐ È ÐFebruary€1990,€of€the€Romanian€National€Committee€for€UNICEF€and€in€1993€of€the€NationalÐ ± ÐCommittee€for€the€Protection€of€the€Child.€€The€Committee€also€notes€with€satisfaction€that€aÐ šê Ðnumber€of€laws€have€been€amended€or€supplemented€and€that€new€legislation€has€been€drafted€inÐ ƒÓ Ðorder€to€bring€domestic€laws€into€conformity€with€the€provisions€of€the€Convention.Ð l¼ ÐÌ292.€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€Government€of€Romania€has€committed€itself€to€a€policy€ofÐ >Ž Ðbringing€institutionalized€children€into€a€family€environment.€€Efforts€have€been€made€to€protect€theÐ ' w Ðvalue€of€the€child€allowance.€€A€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€for€the€education€of€social€workers€has€been€initiated.Ð !` ÐÌ293.€€The€Government€has€demonstrated€willingness€and€readiness€to€cooperate€with€variousÐ â"2! Ðintergovernmental€and€non-governmental€organizations€active€in€the€field€of€the€rights€of€the€child.€Ð Ë#" ÐÌ(c)€€òòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÐ %í $ ÐÌ294.€€The€reform€of€certain€laws,€policies€and€institutions€in€place€before€the€ratification€of€theÐ o'¿"& ÐConvention€had€to€be€undertaken€in€order€to€allow€for€its€effective€implementation.€€DifficultiesÐ X(¨#' Ðhave€also€been€caused€by€prejudices,€intolerance€and€other€popular€attitudes€in€contradiction€withÐ A)‘$( Ðthe€general€principles€of€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€further€notes€the€problems€related€to€theÐ **z%) Ðtransition€economy€and€that€the€situation€of€children€has€worsened€as€a€consequence€of€growingÐ +c&* Ðpoverty€and€increasing€unemployment.Ð ü+L'+ ÐÌ(d)€€òòPrincipal€subjects€of€concernóóÐ Î-)- Ї295.€€The€Committee€is€worried€about€the€effect€on€children€of€the€difficult€economic€situationÐ ° Ðprevailing€in€the€country.€€In€this€connection,€the€Committee€is€particularly€concerned€as€to€whetherÐ ™é Ðthere€are€adequate€measures€to€protect€children€from€being€the€victims€of€economic€reform,€in€theÐ ‚Ò Ðlight€of€articles€3€and€4€of€the€Convention.€€The€rights€and€basic€needs€of€all€children€in€the€countryÐ k» Ðshould€also€be€taken€into€account€during€the€process€of€decentralization€and€privatization.Ð T¤ ÐÌ296.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€about€the€insufficient€steps€taken€in€the€framework€of€legalÐ & v Ðreform€to€bring€existing€legislation€into€full€conformity€with€the€Convention,€including€in€the€lightÐ  _ Ðof€the€basic€principles€of€the€Convention,€in€order€to€overcome€existing€discrepancies€such€as€theÐ ø H Ðone€reflected€in€the€present€law€on€marriage€age.€€The€Committee€is€equally€concerned€aboutÐ á 1  Ðexisting€lacunae€in€national€legislation€that€may€hamper€efforts€to€implement€the€Convention.€€TheÐ Ê   Ðvarious€legislative€and€administrative€measures€undertaken€to€ensure€implementation€seem€not€toÐ ³  Ðhave€been€sufficiently€coordinated€and€streamlined.Ð œì  ÐÌ297.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€occurrence€of€child€abuse€and€neglect€within€the€family€andÐ n¾  Ðthe€disruption€of€family€values,€which€in€some€cases€lead€to€children€being€abandoned€or€runningÐ W§  Ðaway.€Children€in€such€families€are€vulnerable€to€sexual€abuse,€drug€abuse€and€alcoholism.€€TheÐ @ Ðgrowing€number€of€children€living€and/or€working€in€the€streets€is€a€matter€of€deep€concern.Ð )y ÐÌ298.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€about€the€situation€of€children€of€minorities,€especially€withinÐ ûK Ðthe€context€of€articles€2,€28,€29€and€30€of€the€Convention.€€The€low€school€attendance€of€the€RomaÐ ä4 Ð(gypsy)€group€of€children€is€a€serious€problem.€€In€more€general€terms,€the€Committee€finds€thatÐ Í Ðthere€is€a€need€for€more€effective€measures€to€combat€prejudices€against€this€minority.Ð ¶ ÐÌ299.€€The€Committee€is€also€concerned€at€the€lack€of€adequate€training€of€social€workers,€lawÐ ˆØ Ðenforcement€officials€and€judicial€personnel€on€the€principles€and€provisions€of€the€Convention.Ð qÁ ÐÌ(e)€€òòSuggestions€and€recommendationsóóÐ C“ ÐÌ300.€€The€Government€should€regularly€monitor€the€impact€of€the€structural€adjustment€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_ÔÐ e Ðon€children€and€take€adequate€measures€for€their€protection.Ð þN ÐÌ301.€€The€Committee€also€recommends€that€a€more€coherent€approach€be€taken€by€the€GovernmentÐ Ð!   Ðin€implementing€the€Convention,€particularly€in€assuring€better€coordination€between€the€variousÐ ¹" ! Ðmechanisms€and€institutions€already€in€place€to€deal€with€promotion€and€protection€of€the€rights€ofÐ ¢#ò" Ðchildren.€€Of€great€importance,€in€that€context,€is€the€establishment€of€an€appropriate€structure€at€theÐ ‹$Û# Ðlocal€level€and€the€coordination€of€efforts€undertaken€at€the€local€and€national€levels.Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌ302.€€Special€efforts€should€be€made€to€bring€the€existing€legislation€fully€into€line€with€theÐ F'–"& Ðprovisions€of€the€Convention€and€thereby€take€into€account€the€principles€of€non-discrimination,€theÐ /(#' Ðbest€interests€of€the€child,€and€respect€for€the€views€of€the€child,€as€in€the€case€of€Ô_ÔlabourÔ_Ô€legislation.€Ð )h$( ÐThe€Family€Code€of€1954€needs€to€be€revised€in€the€light€of€the€Convention.Ð *Q%) Ð303.€€The€Committee€considers€that€greater€efforts€should€be€made€to€provide€family€education,€toÐ ê*:&* Ðdevelop€awareness€of€the€equal€responsibilities€of€parents€and€to€disseminate€widely€knowledgeÐ Ó+#'+ Ðabout€modern€methods€of€family€planning€and€thereby€reduce€the€practice€of€abortion.Ð ¼, (, ÐÐ ¥-õ(- Ð304.€€The€Committee€suggests€that€research€be€undertaken€on€the€issue€of€child€abuse€and€neglectÐ ° Ðwithin€the€family.Ð ™é ÐÌ305.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€personnel€dealing€with€children€be€provided€with€adequateÐ k» Ðtraining€in€the€basic€principles€and€norms€contained€in€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child.€Ð T¤ ÐSpecial€training€should€be€given€to€social€workers€in€recognition€of€the€importance€of€thisÐ =  Ðprofession.Ð & v ÐÌ306.€€The€legislation€on€adoption€should€be€further€amended€and€enforced€to€effectively€prevent,€inÐ ø H Ðparticular,€Ô_ÔintercountryÔ_Ô€adoptions€in€violation€of€the€spirit€and€letter€of€the€Convention€on€the€RightsÐ á 1  Ðof€the€Child€and€taking€into€account€the€Hague€Convention€on€Protection€of€Children€andÐ Ê   ÐCooperation€in€Respect€of€Ô_ÔIntercountryÔ_Ô€Adoption€of€1993,€namely,€in€view€of€the€statement€madeÐ ³  Ðby€the€delegation€of€the€Government€of€Romania€as€to€its€intention€to€ratify€this€Convention.€Ð œì  ÐÌ307.€€Further€efforts€are€recommended€to€create€a€better€understanding€among€the€public€about€theÐ n¾  Ðsituation€of€children€with€disabilities.€€The€promotion€of€their€rights€should€be€further€advancedÐ W§  Ðthrough,€for€instance,€support€to€parents'€organizations€and€a€sustained€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€for€movingÐ @ Ðchildren€from€institutions€to€a€good€family€environment.Ð )y ÐÌ308.€€The€system€of€administration€of€juvenile€justice€should€be€guided€by€the€provisions€of€articlesÐ ûK Ð37€and€40€of€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€as€well€as€other€relevant€internationalÐ ä4 Ðstandards€such€as€the€Beijing€Rules,€the€Riyadh€Guidelines€and€the€United€Nations€Rules€for€theÐ Í ÐProtection€of€Juveniles€Deprived€of€their€Liberty.€€The€Committee€suggests€that€part€of€the€trainingÐ ¶ Ðof€the€law€enforcement€personnel,€judges€and€other€administration€of€justice€officials€be€devoted€toÐ Ÿï Ðan€understanding€of€these€international€standards€of€juvenile€justice.Ð ˆØ ÐÌ309.€€The€Government€should€adopt€an€active€non-discrimination€policy€with€respect€to€children€ofÐ Zª Ðminorities.€€This€would€also,€particularly€in€relation€to€the€Roma€population,€require€proactiveÐ C“ Ðmeasures€to€encourage€participation€and€break€a€vicious€circle€of€widespread€prejudices€resultingÐ ,| Ðin€hostility€or€neglect.€The€problem€of€low€school€attendance€among€children€from€the€RomaÐ e Ðminority€should€be€urgently€addressed.Ð þN ÐÌ310.€€The€Committee€also€recommends€that€the€report€submitted€by€the€State€party,€the€summaryÐ Ð!   Ðrecords€of€its€consideration€and€the€concluding€observations€of€the€Committee€be€disseminated€asÐ ¹" ! Ðwidely€as€possible€within€the€country.€€These€documents€might€also€serve€the€discussion€aboutÐ ¢#ò" Ðfurther€steps€towards€systematic€mechanisms€to€monitor€and€promote€the€implementation€of€theÐ ‹$Û# ÐConvention.Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌ311.€€The€State€party€is€encouraged€to€continue€its€cooperation€with€the€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€for€Human€RightsÐ F'–"& Ðin€the€field€of€advisory€services€and€technical€assistance€and€with€the€support€of€the€internationalÐ /(#' Ðcommunity€to€strengthen€further€the€child€rights€component€in€such€Ô_ÔprogrammesÔ_Ô,€and€to€that€end€dueÐ )h$( Ðaccount€should€be€taken€of€the€recommendations€and€suggestions€contained€in€these€observations.Ð *Q%) ÐÔUK.,US.,þÔÓHÓÐ  ê*:&* ÐÔUSUK.,ÔÓ  ÓÌÔUK.,US.,Ã-ÔÓÕ-ÓÓ  ÓÔ‡ X'6XXX'6Ôò òCRC€Ô_ÔCRCÔ_Ô/C/124€(2003)ó óÐ ™é ÐÌ199.€€The€Committee€considered€the€second€periodic€report€of€Romania€(CRC/C/65/Add.19)€atitsÐ l¼ Ð844th€and€845th€meetings€(CRC/C/SR.844€and€845),€held€on€20€January€2003,€and€at€its862ndÐ U¥ Ðmeeting€(CRC/C/SR.862),€held€on€31€January€2003,€adopted€the€following€concluding€observations.Ð > Ž ÐÌA.€€òòIntroductionóóÐ  ` ÐÌ200.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€submission€of€the€State€partyððs€second€periodic€report,€whichÐ â 2  Ðfollowed€the€reporting€guidelines€of€the€Committee.€€It€also€welcomes€the€timely€submission€of€theÐ Ë   Ðwritten€replies€to€the€list€of€issues€(CRC/C/Q/ROM/2),€which€were€detailed,€informative€andÐ ´  Ðprovided€a€clearer€understanding€of€the€situation€of€children€in€Romania.€€The€CommitteeÐ í  Ðappreciates€the€presence€of€a€high„level€and€cross„sectoral€delegation,€which€contributed€to€a€frankÐ †Ö  Ðand€open€dialogue.Ð o¿  ÐÌB.€€òòFollow„up€measures€undertaken€and€progress€achieved€by€the€State€partyóóÐ A‘ ÐÌ201.€€The€Committee€welcomes:Ð c ÐÌà  à(a)€€The€enactment€of€new€legislation€and€the€adoption€of€various€national€strategies€andÐ å5 Ðprogrammes,€such€as:€€Decision€No.€347/2002€on€national€interest€programmes€in€the€field€of€childÐ Î Ðprotection,€concerning€street€children€and€institutionalized€children;€LawNo.678/2001€concerningÐ · Ðtrafficking€of€persons;€Law€No.€197/2000€on€domestic€violence€and€child€abuse;€the€national€healthÐ  ð Ðprogramme€for€the€child€and€the€family;€the€national€strategy€for€Ô_ÔcombatingÔ_Ô€HIV/AIDS;€and€variousÐ ‰Ù Ðprogrammes€for€minorities,€particularly€the€Roma€population;Ð r ÐÌà  à(b)€€The€ratification€of€the€Optional€Protocols€to€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€ChildÐ D” Ðon€the€sale€of€children,€child€prostitution€and€child€pornography,€and€on€the€involvement€of€childrenÐ -} Ðin€armed€conflict;Ð f ÐÌà  à(c)€€The€ratification€of€ILO€Convention€No.€182€concerning€the€Prohibition€and€ImmediateÐ è 8 ÐAction€for€the€Elimination€of€the€Worst€Forms€of€Child€Labour;€Ð Ñ!!  ÐÌà  à(d)€€The€ratification€of€the€Hague€Convention€of€1993€on€Protection€of€Children€andÐ £#ó" ÐCooperation€in€Respect€of€Ô_ÔIntercountryÔ_Ô€Adoption.Ð Œ$Ü# ÐÌC.€€òòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÐ ^&®!% ÐÌ202.€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€State€party€continues€to€experience€difficulties€related€to€theÐ 0(€#' Ðtransition€to€a€market„oriented€economy,€including€high€unemployment,€growing€poverty,€coupledÐ )i$( Ðwith€a€deterioration€in€primary€health€care€and€other€services,€which€negatively€affect€families€withÐ *R%) Ðchildren.€Ð ë*;&* ÐÌÌÐ ¦-ö(- ÐD.€€òòPrincipal€subjects€of€concern€and€recommendationsóóÐ ° ÐÌ1.€€òòGeneral€measures€of€implementationóóÐ ‚Ò ÐÌòòPrevious€concluding€observationsóóÐ T¤ ÐÌ203.€€The€Committee€regrets€that€many€of€the€concerns€expressed€and€recommendationsÐ & v Ð(CRC/C/15/Add.16)€it€made€upon€consideration€of€the€State€partyððs€initial€report€(CRC/C/3/Add.16)Ð  _ Ðhave€been€insufficiently€addressed.€€The€Committee€notes€that€many€of€those€concerns€andÐ ø H Ðrecommendations€are€reiterated€in€the€present€document,€such€as€discrimination€between€girls€andÐ á 1  Ðboys€in€relation€to€the€minimum€age€of€marriage,€that€the€1954€Family€Code€and€the€legislation€onÐ Ê   Ðadoption€have€yet€to€be€revised,€and€discrimination€against€children€belonging€to€the€RomaÐ ³  Ðcommunity.Ð œì  ÐÌ204.€€The€Committee€urges€the€State€party€to€make€every€effort€to€implement€thoseÐ n¾  Ðrecommendations€in€the€concluding€observations€on€the€initial€report€that€have€not€yet€beenÐ W§  Ðimplemented€and€to€address€the€list€of€concerns€contained€in€the€present€concluding€observationsÐ @ Ðon€the€second€periodic€report.Ð )y ÐÌòòLegislationóóÐ ûK ÐÌ205.€€The€Committee€is€encouraged€by€the€new€bills€in€preparation€and€enacted€legislation€whichÐ Í Ðare€listed€in€the€written€replies.€€However,€it€is€concerned€that€insufficient€effort€has€been€made€toÐ ¶ Ðensure€their€effective€implementation,€including€by€the€provision€of€adequate€resources.Ð Ÿï ÐÌ206.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€strengthen€the€mechanisms€for€theÐ qÁ Ðimplementation€of€all€legislation€relevant€to€the€Convention,€taking€into€account€training€needs,Ð Zª Ðmonitoring€mechanisms€and€the€provision€of€adequate€resources.€Ð C“ ÐÌòòNational€plan€of€action€and€coordinationóóÐ e ÐÌ207.€€Despite€the€adoption€of€various€national€plans€and€strategies€concerning€childrenððs€rights,€theÐ ç 7 ÐCommittee€is€concerned€that€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€has€been€ineffective.€€This€is€dueÐ Ð!   Ðin€large€part€to€insufficient€allocation€of€resources,€a€lack€of€a€comprehensive,€humanrights„basedÐ ¹" ! Ðnational€plan€and€poor€coordination.Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌ208.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌà  à(a)€€Elaborate€a€comprehensive,€human€rights„based€national€plan€of€action€that€covers€allÐ F'–"& Ðthe€principles€and€provisions€of€the€Convention,€and€is€accorded€adequate€human€and€financialÐ /(#' Ðresources;€Ð )h$( ÐÌà  à(b)€€Strengthen€the€National€Authority€for€Child€Protection€and€Adoptions,€providing€it€withÐ ê*:&* Ðthe€necessary€human€and€financial€resources€and€a€strong€mandate€to€ensure€effective€coordinationÐ Ó+#'+ Ðof€national€and€international€activities€for€the€implementation€of€the€Convention.€€Ð ¼, (, ÐÐ ¥-õ(- ÐòòIndependent€monitoring€structuresóóÐ ° ÐÌ209.€€The€Committee€notes€the€establishment€of€the€Office€of€the€Ombudsman€in€1997€and€the€factÐ ‚Ò Ðthat€he€has€dealt€with€cases€of€violations€of€childrenððs€rights.€€It€also€notes€that,€according€to€theÐ k» Ðstatement€of€President€Ô_ÔIliescuÔ_Ô€at€the€special€session€of€the€General€Assembly€on€children,€held€inÐ T¤ Ð2002,€the€draft€law€on€childrenððs€rights€includes€the€establishment€of€an€Ô_ÔombudspersonÔ_Ô€for€children.€Ð =  ÐÌ210.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð  _ ÐÌà  à(a)€€Continue€and€complete,€as€soon€as€possible,€its€plans€to€establish€an€Ô_ÔombudspersonÔ_Ô€forÐ á 1  Ðchildren,€taking€into€account€the€Committeeððs€general€commentNo.2€on€the€role€of€national€humanÐ Ê   Ðrights€institutions€in€the€implementation€of€the€Convention;Ð ³  ÐÌà  à(b)€€Provide€this€body€with€adequate€human€and€other€resources€for€the€performance€of€itsÐ …Õ  Ðindependent€monitoring€role;€Ð n¾  ÐÌà  à(c)€€Ensure€appropriate€coordination€of€the€activities€of€this€institution€with€the€Ombudsman.€Ð @ ÐÌòòResource€allocationsóóÐ b ÐÌ211.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€budget€allocations€for€health€and€education€remain€low€andÐ ä4 Ðthat€children€living€in€rural€areas€may€be€disproportionately€affected.€€In€particular,€it€notes€thatÐ Í Ðsome€counties€and€communities€are€economically€disadvantaged€vis„„vis€others€and€are€thereforeÐ ¶ Ðunable€to€provide€their€children€with€an€adequate€level€of€services.Ð Ÿï ÐÌ212.€€In€the€light€of€article€4€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€Stateparty:Ð qÁ ÐÌà  à(a)€€Increase€the€budget€for€the€implementation€of€childrenððs€rights,€prioritizing€budgetaryÐ C“ Ðallocations€to€ensure€implementation€of€the€economic,€social€and€cultural€rights€of€children,€inÐ ,| Ðparticular€those€from€socially€Ô_ÔmarginalizedÔ_Ô€groups,€to€the€maximum€extent€of€its€available€resources;Ð e ÐÌà  à(b)€€In€view€of€the€decentralization€in€the€provision€of€social€services€and€taking€into€accountÐ ç 7 Ðarticle€2€of€the€Convention,€ensure€sufficient€resource€allocation€(human€and€financial)€for€the€fullÐ Ð!   Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention€throughout€the€State€party,€especially€for€disadvantaged€countiesÐ ¹" ! Ðand€communities.Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌòòData€collectionóóÐ t%Ä $ ÐÌ213.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€recent€initiatives€related€to€a€coordinated€data€collection€systemÐ F'–"& Ðsuch€as€the€Child€Monitoring€and€Tracking€Information€System€(Ô_ÔCMTISÔ_Ô)€for€the€planning€andÐ /(#' Ðdelivery€of€child€welfare€services.€€However,€it€expresses€concern€at€the€lack€of€an€efficient,Ð )h$( Ðsystematic€and€comprehensive€compilation€of€data€on€all€areas€covered€by€the€Convention€for€allÐ *Q%) Ðpersons€under€18.Ð ê*:&* ÐÌ214.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€strengthen€Ô_ÔCMTISÔ_Ô€to€ensure€thatÐ ¼, (, ÐÔ_ÔdisaggregatedÔ_Ô€data€are€systematically€collected€for€all€areas€covered€by€the€Convention€and€coverÐ ¥-õ(- Ðall€persons€under€18,€with€specific€emphasis€on€those€who€are€in€need€of€special€protection.€€SuchÐ ° Ðdata€should€be€used€to€monitor€and€evaluate€progress€achieved€in€the€implementation€of€theÐ ™é ÐConvention.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€seek€technical€assistance€fromÐ ‚Ò ÐUNICEF€in€this€regard.Ð k» ÐÌòòTraining/dissemination€of€the€ConventionóóÐ =  ÐÌ215.€€The€Committee€notes€the€efforts€undertaken€by€the€State€party€to€disseminate€the€ConventionÐ  _ Ðand€to€train€professionals€working€with€and€for€children,€in€line€with€its€previous€recommendationÐ ø H Ð(CRC/C/15/Add.16,€para.€22).€€However,€it€is€of€the€opinion€that€measures€to€create€widespreadÐ á 1  Ðawareness€and€understanding€of€the€principles€and€provisions€of€the€Convention€need€to€be€furtherÐ Ê   Ðstrengthened€and€implemented€on€an€ongoing,€systematic€basis.€Ð ³  ÐÌ216.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  à(a)€€Continue€and€strengthen€its€efforts€to€provide€adequate€and€systematic€training€andÐ W§  Ðsensitization€regarding€childrenððs€rights€for€persons€working€with€and€for€children€(e.g.Ð @ Ðparliamentarians,€judges,€lawyers,€law€enforcement€officials,€health€personnel,€teachers,€school€andÐ )y Ðinstitution€administrators€and€staff,€social€workers);€Ð b ÐÌà  à(b)€€Continue€to€develop€methods€to€promote€the€Convention,€in€particular€at€the€local€level,Ð ä4 Ðand€to€support€the€activities€carried€out€by€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_Ô€in€this€regard.Ð Í ÐÌòòCooperation€with€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_ÔóóÐ Ÿï ÐÌ217.€€The€Committee€notes€the€good€relations€established€between€the€Government€and€civil€society,Ð qÁ Ðaimed€at€cooperating€in€the€implementation€of€the€Convention.€€Ð Zª ÐÌ218.€€Noting€the€important€role€civil€society€plays€as€a€partner€in€implementing€the€provisions€of€theÐ ,| ÐConvention,€particularly€at€the€local€level,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€undertakeÐ e Ðgreater€efforts€to€facilitate€closer€cooperation€with€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_Ô,€including€through€the€simplification€ofÐ þN Ðadministrative€procedures€required€for€them€to€operate.€€In€this€regard,€in€relation€to€the€accreditationÐ ç 7 Ðof€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_Ô€the€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€consider€its€recommendations€made€at€its€dayÐ Ð!   Ðof€general€discussion€on€the€theme€ð ðThe€private€sector€as€service€provider€and€its€role€inÐ ¹" ! Ðimplementing€child€rightsðð€(CRC/C/121,€paras.€630„653).Ð ¢#ò" ЀÌ2.€€òòDefinition€of€the€childóóÐ t%Ä $ ÐÌ219.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that,€despite€its€previous€recommendation€(CRC/C/15/Add.16,Ð F'–"& Ðpara.€8),€and€the€concerns€expressed€by€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€of€Discrimination€againstÐ /(#' ÐWomen€(Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô)€(A/55/38,€para.€318),€the€disparity€in€the€minimum€age€of€marriage€for€boys€(18Ð )h$( Ðyears)€and€girls€(16€years,€and€exceptionally€15)€is€discriminatory.€Ð *Q%) ÐÌ220.€€The€Committee€reiterates€its€previous€recommendation€to€the€State€party€to€raise€the€minimumÐ Ó+#'+ Ðage€of€marriage€for€girls€to€that€of€boys.€€It€also€recommends€that€data,€Ô_ÔdisaggregatedÔ_Ô€by€age,€onÐ ¼, (, Ðinstances€of€marriage€of€girls€under€18€be€collected.Ð ¥-õ(- Ї3.€€òòGeneral€principlesóóÐ ° ÐÌ221.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€general€principles€contained€in€the€Convention,€namelyÐ ‚Ò Ðthe€right€to€non„discrimination€(art.€2),€the€best€interests€of€the€child€as€a€primary€consideration€(art.Ð k» Ð3),€the€right€to€life,€survival€and€development€of€the€child€(art.€6)€and€respect€for€the€views€of€theÐ T¤ Ðchild€according€to€age€and€maturity€(art.€12),€are€not€fully€reflected€in€the€State€partyððs€legislation,Ð =  Ðpolicies€and€programmes€at€the€national€and€local€levels.€Ð & v ÐÌ222.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:€Ð ø H ÐÌà  à(a)€€Appropriately€integrate€the€general€principles€of€the€Convention,€namely€articles€2,€3,Ð Ê   Ð6€and€12,€into€all€relevant€legislation€concerning€children;Ð ³  ÐÌà  à(b)€€Apply€those€principles€in€all€political,€judicial€and€administrative€decisions,€as€well€asÐ …Õ  Ðin€projects,€programmes€and€services€which€have€an€impact€on€all€children;€Ð n¾  ÐÌà  à(c)€€Apply€those€principles€in€planning€and€policy„making€at€every€level,€as€well€as€in€actionsÐ @ Ðtaken€by€social€and€health€welfare€and€educational€institutions,€courts€of€law€and€administrativeÐ )y Ðauthorities.Ð b ÐÌòòThe€right€to€non„discriminationóóÐ ä4 ÐÌ223.€€While€welcoming€the€adoption€of€the€new€legislation€(Law€No.€48/2002)€and€other€efforts€toÐ ¶ Ðcounter€discrimination€and€address€the€concerns€expressed€by€the€Committee€on€the€Elimination€ofÐ Ÿï ÐRacial€Discrimination€(Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/304/Add.85,€paras.€9„16),€the€Committee€is€concerned€that€theÐ ˆØ Ðprinciple€of€non„discrimination€is€not€fully€implemented€for€all€children€in€all€parts€of€the€StateÐ qÁ Ðparty,€and€that€unequal€enjoyment€of€economic,€social,€cultural,€civil€and€political€rights€persistsÐ Zª Ð(e.g.€for€children€with€disabilities,€children€living€with€HIV/AIDS,€children€in€care€institutions,Ð C“ Ðchildren€in€detention,€asylum„seeker€and€refugee€children,€foreign€children,€children€between€16€andÐ ,| Ð18€years,€children€from€poor€households,€and€children€belonging€to€Roma€and€other€minorityÐ e Ðgroups).Ð þN ÐÌ24.€€The€Committee€reiterates€its€previous€recommendations€(CRC/C/15/Add.16,€paras.10,€19€andÐ Ð!   Ð21)€that€measures€be€taken€to€address€effectively€discriminatory€attitudes€or€prejudices,€in€particularÐ ¹" ! Ðtowards€children€belonging€to€the€above„mentioned€vulnerable€groups.€€It€also€recommends€that€theÐ ¢#ò" ÐState€party€implement€fully€and€effectively€already€adopted€legal€measures€to€prevent€discriminationÐ ‹$Û# Ðand€to€ensure€that€the€Constitution€is€in€full€conformity€with€article€2€of€the€Convention.Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌ225.€€The€Committee€requests€that€specific€information€be€included,€in€the€next€periodic€report,€onÐ F'–"& Ðthe€measures€and€programmes€relevant€to€the€Convention€undertaken€by€the€State€party€to€followÐ /(#' Ðup€on€the€Durban€Declaration€and€Programme€of€Action€adopted€at€the€World€Conference€againstÐ )h$( ÐRacism,€Racial€Discrimination,€Xenophobia€and€Related€Intolerance,€held€in€2001,€taking€accountÐ *Q%) Ðof€the€Committeeððs€general€comment€No.1€on€article€29,€paragraph€1,€of€the€Convention€(aims€ofÐ ê*:&* Ðeducation).Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÌÐ ¥-õ(- ÐòòBest€interests€of€the€childóóÐ ° ÐÌ226.€€The€Committee€notes€the€information€provided€by€the€State€party€that€the€principle€of€the€ð ðbestÐ ‚Ò Ðinterests€of€the€childðð€lies€at€the€foundation€of€its€strategy€in€the€field€of€child€protection.€€However,Ð k» Ðit€remains€concerned€that€this€is€not€fully€incorporated€into€legislation.Ð T¤ ÐÌ227.€€The€Committee,€in€line€with€its€previous€recommendations€(ibid.,€para.€14),€recommends€thatÐ & v Ðthe€State€party€ensure€that€the€best€interests€of€the€child€shall€be€a€paramount€consideration€in€allÐ  _ Ðlegislation€and€policies€affecting€children,€and€take€proactive€measures€to€promote€the€fullÐ ø H Ðunderstanding€and€practical€implementation€of€this€principle.Ð á 1  ÐÌòòChild€participation€and€respect€for€the€views€of€the€childóóÐ ³  ÐÌ228.€€The€Committee€notes€the€State€partyððs€efforts€to€ensure€that€administrative€and€judicialÐ …Õ  Ðproceedings€take€into€account€the€views€of€the€child,€but€remains€concerned€that€traditional€attitudesÐ n¾  Ðtowards€children€in€society€still€limit€the€respect€for€their€views€within€the€family,€at€schools,€inÐ W§  Ðinstitutions€and€at€the€community€government€level.€Ð @ ÐÌ229.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð b ÐÌà  à(a)€€Promote€within€the€family,€schools,€institutions,€as€well€as€in€judicial€and€administrativeÐ ä4 Ðprocedures,€respect€for€the€views€of€children€and€facilitate€their€participation€in€all€matters€affectingÐ Í Ðthem,€in€accordance€with€article€12€of€the€Convention;Ð ¶ ÐÌà  à(b)€€Provide€educational€information€to€parents,€teachers,€government€administrativeÐ ˆØ Ðofficials,€the€judiciary,€children€themselves€and€society€at€large€on€the€right€of€children€to€have€theirÐ qÁ Ðviews€taken€into€account€and€to€participate€in€all€matters€affecting€them;Ð Zª ÐÌà  à(c)€€Regularly€review€the€extent€to€which€childrenððs€views€are€taken€into€consideration,Ð ,| Ðincluding€their€impact€on€relevant€policies€and€programmes.€Ð e ÐÌ4.€€òòCivil€rights€and€freedomsóóÐ ç 7 ÐÌòòName€and€nationalityóóÐ ¹" ! ÐÌ230.€€The€Committee€notes€that€Law€No.€119/1996€includes€special€provisions€for€the€issuance€ofÐ ‹$Û# Ðbirth€certificates€to€abandoned€children€found€in€hospitals.€€However,€the€Committee€remainsÐ t%Ä $ Ðconcerned€at€the€lack€of€measures€to€prevent€non„registration€of€children€and€at€the€high€number€ofÐ ]&­!% Ðstateless€persons,€in€particular€among€the€Roma.Ð F'–"& ÐÌ231.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð )h$( ÐÌà  à(a)€€Strengthen€efforts€to€ensure€birth€registration€of€all€children,€paying€particular€attentionÐ ê*:&* Ðto€occurrences€of€non„registration€of€Roma€children;Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÌà  à(b)€€Take€further€measures,€in€accordance€with€article€7€of€the€Convention,€to€facilitateÐ ¥-õ(- Ðapplications€for€citizenship€and€resolve€the€situation€of€stateless€children;€Ð ° ÐÌà  à(c)€€Ratify€the€Convention€relating€to€the€Status€of€Stateless€Persons€of€1954€and€theÐ ‚Ò ÐConvention€on€the€Reduction€of€Statelessness€of€1961.€Ð k» ÐÌòòTorture€and€other€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatment€or€punishmentÐ =  ÐóóÌ232.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€high€number€of€allegations€of€children€being€ill-treated€andÐ  _ Ðtortured€by€law€enforcement€officials€received€by€the€Special€Rapporteur€on€the€question€of€torture.€Ð ø H ÐThe€Committee€regrets€that€the€majority€of€these€allegations€have€not€been€responded€to€and€isÐ á 1  Ðconcerned€that€they€may€not€have€been€effectively€investigated€by€an€independent€authority.€Ð Ê   ÐFurthermore,€the€Committee€is€concerned€that€cooperation€with€the€Special€Rapporteur€in€thisÐ ³  Ðrespect€has€been€insufficient.Ð œì  ÐÌ233.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:€Ð n¾  ÐÌà  à(a)€€Investigate€all€allegations€of€torture€and€other€cruel,€inhuman€or€degrading€treatment€orÐ @ Ðpunishment€of€children€and€make€all€efforts€to€cooperate€fully€with€the€Special€Rapporteur€on€theÐ )y Ðquestion€of€torture;€Ð b ÐÌà  à(b)€€Ensure€the€inadmissibility€of€evidence€obtained€through€the€use€of€torture;Ð ä4 ÐÌà  à(c)€€Bearing€in€mind€the€previous€recommendation€of€the€Committee€(ibid.,€para.20),Ð ¶ Ðundertake€measures€to€follow€up€on€the€recommendations€made€by€the€Human€Rights€CommitteeÐ Ÿï Ð(Ô_ÔCCPRÔ_Ô/C/79/Add.111,€para.€12);Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  à(d)€€Take€immediate€measures€to€stop€police€violence€against€all€children€and€challenge€theÐ Zª Ðprevailing€culture€of€impunity€for€such€acts;Ð C“ ÐÌà  à(e)€€Take€legislative€or€other€measures€to€prohibit€all€forms€of€torture€and€other€cruel,Ð e Ðinhuman€or€degrading€treatment€or€punishment;€Ð þN ÐÌà  à(f)€€Provide€care,€recovery,€reintegration€and€compensation€for€victims€oftorture.Ð Ð!   ÐÌ5.€€òòFamily€environment€and€alternative€careóóÐ ¢#ò" ÐÌòòFamily€environmentóóÐ t%Ä $ ÐÌ234.€€The€Committee€notes€the€information€provided€by€the€State€party,€including€the€adoption€ofÐ F'–"& Ða€government€strategy€for€2001„2004€Ô_ÔfocusingÔ_Ô€on€providing€support€to€families,€the€National€Anti„Ð /(#' ÐPoverty€Plan€for€Strengthening€Social€Inclusion,€and€the€disbursement€of€numerous€financialÐ )h$( Ðbenefits€for€children€and€families.€€However,€widespread€poverty€continues€to€be€a€major€challengeÐ *Q%) Ðfor€the€State€party,€affecting€all€sectors€of€society,€in€particular€urban€households€with€manyÐ ê*:&* Ðchildren.€€The€Committee€notes€with€concern€that€poverty€is€a€contributing€factor€to€familyÐ Ó+#'+ Ðbreakdowns,€the€growing€number€of€single-parent€families,€parental€abuse€and€neglect,€and€theÐ ¼, (, Ðphenomenon€of€children€being€placed€in€institutional€care€or€abandoned€by€parents€with€no€adequateÐ ¥-õ(- Ðmeans€to€raise€them.Ð ° ÐÌ235.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà  à(a)€€Develop€a€comprehensive€child„centred€family€policy;Ð T¤ ÐÌà  à(b)€€Strengthen€its€efforts€to€comprehensively€protect€childrenððs€right€to€a€secure€familyÐ & v Ðenvironment€and€ensure,€through€a€comprehensive€new€childrenððs€act,€effective€protection€ofÐ  _ Ðchildren€and€access€by€all€children€and€parents€to€financial€assistance,€having€due€regard€to€articleÐ ø H Ð18,€paragraph€2,€of€the€Convention;Ð á 1  ÐÌà  à(c)€€Improve€social€assistance€and€support€to€families€through€advice€and€education€toÐ ³  Ðpromote€positive€child„parent€relationships;Ð œì  ÐÌà  à(d)€€Take€effective€measures,€including€the€development€of€strategies€and€awareness„raisingÐ n¾  Ðactivities,€to€prevent€and€reduce€the€abandonment€of€children;Ð W§  ÐÌà  à(e)€€Strengthen€preventive€measures,€such€as€supporting€the€role€of€families€andÐ )y Ðcommunities,€in€order€to€help€eliminate€the€social€conditions€leading€to€such€problems€asÐ b Ðdelinquency,€crime€and€substance€abuse;Ð ûK ÐÌà  à(f)€€Provide€support€to€families€and€young€pregnant€girls;€Ð Í ÐÌà  à(g)€€Undertake€campaigns€to€reinforce€the€responsibilities€of€fathers€for€theirchildren.€€Ð Ÿï ÐÌòòAlternative€careóóÐ qÁ ÐÌ236.€€The€Committee€notes€the€introduction€of€the€government€programme€of€Ô_ÔdeinstitutionalizationÔ_ÔÐ C“ Ðof€children€initiated€in€2001€and€welcomes€the€information€that€over€thepast€two€years€manyÐ ,| Ðinstitutions€have€been€closed€down.€€Nevertheless,€it€remains€concerned:Ð e ÐÌà  à(a)€€At€the€very€low€quality€of€care€and€the€harsh€conditions€in€some€of€these€institutions;Ð ç 7 ÐÌà  à(b)€€That€children€may€be€removed€from€their€families€because€of€their€health€status,€or€theÐ ¹" ! Ðdifficult€economic€situation€faced€by€their€parents;Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌà  à(c)€€That€alternative€care,€such€as€foster€care,€or€other€forms€of€family„based€alternative€care,Ð t%Ä $ Ðare€not€sufficiently€developed€and€available;€Ð ]&­!% ÐÌà  à(d)€€That€children€lack€effective€mechanisms€to€which€they€can€communicate€concerns€andÐ /(#' Ðcomplaints€about€their€placement;€Ð )h$( ÐÌà  à(e)€€That€children€who€are€cared€for€in€institutions€for€many€years,€until€the€age€of€18,€areÐ ê*:&* Ðnot€provided€with€the€educational€and€vocational€skills€necessary€for€them€to€make€an€independentÐ Ó+#'+ Ðliving€once€they€leave€the€institution.Ð ¼, (, ÐÐ ¥-õ(- Ð237.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ° ÐÌà  à(a)€€Take€effective€measures€to€increase€and€strengthen€foster€care,€family„type€foster€homesÐ ‚Ò Ðand€other€family„based€alternative€care,€€by€providing€greater€financial€assistance€and€increasing€theÐ k» Ðcounselling€and€support€mechanisms€for€foster€families;Ð T¤ ÐÌà  à(b)€€Place€children€in€institutions€only€as€a€measure€of€last€resort€and€as€a€temporary€measure;Ð & v ÐÌà  à(c)€€Take€all€necessary€measures€to€improve€conditions€in€institutions;Ð ø H ÐÌà  à(d)€€Increase€the€effective€participation€of€children€living€in€institutions;Ð Ê   ÐÌà  à(e)€€Guarantee€the€right€to€periodic€review€under€article€25€of€the€Convention;Ð œì  ÐÌà  à(f)€€Provide€adequate€follow„up€and€reintegration€support€and€services€for€children€who€leaveÐ n¾  Ðinstitutional€care;Ð W§  ÐÌà  à(g)€€Establish€procedures€to€ensure€that€children€currently€residing€in€institutions€that€areÐ )y Ðbeing€closed€down€are€fully€informed€and€able€to€participate€in€deciding€their€future€placement,€andÐ b Ðthat€these€children€retain€their€rights€to€social€protection;Ð ûK ÐÌà  à(h)€€Improve€the€training€of€social€workers€to€enhance€their€ability€to€intervene€and€assistÐ Í Ðchildren.Ð ¶ ÐÌòòAdoptionóóÐ ˆØ ÐÌ238.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€initiatives€undertaken€to€follow€up€on€the€previousÐ Zª Ðrecommendations€of€the€Committee€(CRC/C/15/Add.16,€para.€18)€and€notes€that€adoption€legislationÐ C“ Ðis€being€revised.€€The€Committee€further€notes€that€Ô_ÔintercountryÔ_Ô€adoptions€were€suspended€inÐ ,| ÐOctober€2001,€but€that€this€suspension€was€not€absolute€since€more€than1,500Ô_ÔintercountryÔ_ÔÐ e Ðadoptions€took€place€in€2002€and€600€such€cases€are€currently€underconsideration.Ð þN ÐÌ239.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð Ð!   ÐÌà  à(a)€€Expedite€the€adoption€of€the€revised€law€on€adoption€and€ensure€that€this€new€legislationÐ ¢#ò" Ðis€in€full€conformity€with€the€Convention€and€other€international€standards,€in€particular€the€HagueÐ ‹$Û# ÐConvention€of€1993€on€Protection€of€Children€and€Cooperation€in€Respect€of€Ô_ÔIntercountryÔ_Ô€Adoption;Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌà  à(b)€€Ensure€that€sufficient€human€and€other€resources€are€made€available€for€the€effectiveÐ F'–"& Ðimplementation€and€monitoring€of€the€new€adoption€legislation;Ð /(#' ÐÌà  à(c)€€Ensure€that€the€cases€of€Ô_ÔintercountryÔ_Ô€adoption€still€under€consideration€are€dealt€with€inÐ *Q%) Ðfull€accordance€with€the€principles€and€provisions€of€the€Convention,€in€particular€article€21,€andÐ ê*:&* Ðthe€Hague€Convention€of€1993;Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÌà  à(d)€€Explore€ways€to€encourage€national€adoptions€so€that€recourse€to€Ô_ÔintercountryÔ_Ô€adoptionÐ ¥-õ(- Ðbecomes€a€measure€of€last€resort.Ð ° ÐÌòòAbuse/neglect/maltreatmentóóÐ ‚Ò ÐÌ240.€€The€Committee€notes€the€recent€efforts€of€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_Ô€related€to€prevention€of€child€abuseÐ T¤ Ðandneglect,€as€well€as€the€statement€made€by€the€Head€of€State€to€the€special€session€of€theÐ =  ÐGeneralAssembly€on€children€referring€to€envisaged€special€measures€to€prevent€child€abuse.€Ð & v ÐNevertheless,€the€Committee€reiterates€its€previous€concern€(ibid.)€at€the€apparent€limitedÐ  _ Ðeffectiveness€of€measures€to€raise€awareness€about€the€harmful€consequences€of€neglect€and€abuse,Ð ø H Ðincluding€sexual€abuse,€in€the€family,€schools€and€institutions,€as€well€as€to€tackle€these€problems.€Ð á 1  ÐThe€Committee€concurs€with€the€concerns€of€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€related€to€the€increase€in€violence€againstÐ Ê   Ðwomen€and€that€domestic€violence€against€women€may€lead€to€child€abuse€in€the€family.€€It€is€alsoÐ ³  Ðconcerned€that€corporal€punishment€and€other€forms€of€abuse€and€neglect€continue€to€exist€in€theÐ œì  Ðfamily.Ð …Õ  ÐÌ241.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð W§  ÐÌà  à(a)€€Expressly€prohibit€corporal€punishment€in€the€home,€school€and€institutions;Ð )y ÐÌà  à(b)€€Promote€alternative€methods€of€discipline;Ð ûK ÐÌà  à(c)€€Establish€effective€procedures€and€mechanisms€for€receiving,€monitoring€€andÐ Í Ðinvestigating€cases€of€abuse,€ill„treatment€and€neglect€and€for€prosecuting€offenders,€ensuring€thatÐ ¶ Ðthe€abused€child€is€not€victimized€in€legal€proceedings€and€that€his€or€her€privacy€is€protected;Ð Ÿï ÐÌà  à(d)€€Strengthen€the€reporting€system,€through€the€training€of€teachers,€law€enforcementÐ qÁ Ðofficials,€care€workers,€judges€and€health€professionals€in€the€identification,€reporting€and€handlingÐ Zª Ðof€cases€of€ill„treatment;Ð C“ ÐÌà  à(e)€€Ensure€the€provision€of€support€services€to€child€victims€in€legal€proceedings;€Ð e ÐÌà  à(f)€€Ensure€the€physical€and€psychological€recovery€and€social€reintegration€of€child€victims,Ð ç 7 Ðin€accordance€with€article€39€of€the€Convention;Ð Ð!   ÐÌà  à(g)€€Reinforce€its€efforts€to€prevent€and€combat€domestic€violence€and€abuse,€includingÐ ¢#ò" Ðthrough€awareness„raising€campaigns€designed€to€change€public€attitudes.Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌ6.€€òòBasic€health€and€welfareóóÐ ]&­!% ÐÌòòHealth€careóóÐ /(#' ÐÌ242.€€The€Committee€is€encouraged€by€the€adoption€of€a€national€strategy€for€the€health€sector€byÐ *Q%) Ðthe€Ministry€of€Health€and€Family€in€December€2001€and€by€its€aims€and€goals€as€noted€in€theÐ ê*:&* Ðwritten€replies€to€the€list€of€issues.€€It€further€welcomes€the€cooperation€of€the€State€party€withÐ Ó+#'+ Ðinternational€organizations€in€the€domain€of€health€care.€€Nevertheless,€the€Committee€is€deeplyÐ ¼, (, Ðconcerned:Ð ¥-õ(- Їà  à(a)€€At€the€poor€quality€and€accessibility€of€primary€heath„care€services,€especially€in€ruralÐ ° Ðareas,€and€for€poor€households;Ð ™é ÐÌà  à(b)€€At€the€high€infant€mortality€rate,€particularly€in€rural€areas;Ð k» ÐÌà  à(c)€€That€a€high€proportion€of€under„5€deaths€are€due€to€preventable€causes;Ð =  ÐÌà  à(d)€€At€the€high€rate€of€child€morbidity€as€a€result€of€accidents,€including€traffic€accidents.Ð  _ ÐÌ243.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð á 1  ÐÌà  à(a)€€Strengthen€its€efforts€to€implement€the€national€strategy€for€the€health€sector€throughÐ ³  Ðadequate€and€sustainable€allocation€of€resources€(human€and€financial),€including€training€ofÐ œì  Ðsufficient€numbers€of€health„care€professionals,€provision€of€adequate€salaries€for€health„careÐ …Õ  Ðworkers€and€investments€in€health„care€infrastructure,€especially€in€the€most€disadvantaged€areas;Ð n¾  ÐÌà  à(b)€€Improve€the€effectiveness€of€antenatal€care,€maternal€health€education€and€immunizationÐ @ Ðprogrammes;Ð )y ÐÌà  à(c)€€Strengthen€efforts€to€raise€awareness€through€public€information€campaigns€aboutÐ ûK Ðaccident€prevention;Ð ä4 ÐÌà  à(d)€€Strengthen€coordination€between€governmental€and€non„governmental€actors,€andÐ ¶ Ðcontinue€to€work€closely€with€UnitedNations€agencies€in€this€respect.Ð Ÿï ÐÌòòAdolescent€healthóóÐ qÁ ÐÌ244.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at:Ð C“ ÐÌà  à(a)€€The€limited€availability€of€programmes€and€services€in€the€area€of€adolescent€physicalÐ e Ðand€mental€health;Ð þN ÐÌà  à(b)€€The€number€of€suicides;Ð Ð!   ÐÌà  à(c)€€The€high€number€of€young€mothers€and€of€abortions€among€teenage€girls;Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌà  à(d)€€The€high€rate€of€sexually€transmitted€diseases;Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌà  à(e)€€The€alarming€increase€in€the€number€of€children€addicted€to€drugs,€the€high€rate€ofÐ F'–"& Ðsmoking€and€alcohol€consumption€and€the€lack€of€awareness€of€the€problems€caused€by€theseÐ /(#' Ðnegative€behaviours.Ð )h$( ÐÌ245.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ê*:&* ÐÌà  à(a)€€Provide€for€adolescentsðð€access€to€medical€counselling€and€advice€without€parentalÐ ¼, (, Ðconsent,€taking€into€consideration€the€evolving€capacities€of€the€child;Ð ¥-õ(- Їà  à(b)€€Establish€comprehensive€family€planning€programmes,€as€well€as€undertake€measuresÐ ° Ðto€ensure€that€abortion€is€neither€perceived€nor€practised€as€a€method€of€contraception,€such€asÐ ™é Ðthrough€campaigns€to€raise€awareness€of€the€importance€of€contraceptive€use€to€reduce€the€numberÐ ‚Ò Ðof€unwanted€pregnancies;Ð k» ÐÌà  à(c)€€Ensure€availability€of€mental€health€assistance€to€children,€taking€into€consideration€theirÐ =  Ðdevelopmental€needs;Ð & v ÐÌà  à(d)€€Undertake€all€the€necessary€measures€to€address€the€rise€in€alcohol€abuse€and€smoking,Ð ø H Ðincluding€through€media€campaigns.Ð á 1  ÐÌòòChildren€with€disabilitiesóóÐ ³  ÐÌ246.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€disabled€children€in€Romania€remain€disadvantaged€in€theÐ …Õ  Ðenjoyment€of€their€rights€guaranteed€by€the€Convention.€€The€Committee€is€concerned,€among€otherÐ n¾  Ðthings,€that:Ð W§  ÐÌà  à(a)€€Children€with€disabilities€often€have€serious€difficulty€in€obtaining€transportation€andÐ )y Ðin€gaining€access€to€public€buildings,€including€hospitals€and€schools;Ð b ÐÌà  à(b)€€Despite€the€efforts€of€the€State€party€to€promote€inclusion,€disabled€children€in€practiceÐ ä4 Ðhave€limited€access€to€formal€education;Ð Í ÐÌà  à(c)€€The€process€of€certification€of€disability€is€reportedly€degrading;Ð Ÿï ÐÌà  à(d)€€Other€than€medical€doctors,€there€is€a€lack€of€professionally€qualified€experts€caring€forÐ qÁ Ðchildren€with€disabilities.Ð Zª ÐÌ247.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ,| ÐÌà  à(a)€€Review€existing€policies€and€practice€in€relation€to€children€with€disabilities,€taking€dueÐ þN Ðaccount€of€the€Standard€Rules€on€the€Equalization€of€Opportunities€for€Persons€with€DisabilitiesÐ ç 7 Ð(General€Assembly€resolution€48/96,€annex)€and€of€the€Committeeððs€recommendations€adopted€atÐ Ð!   Ðits€day€of€general€discussion€on€the€theme€ð ðThe€rights€of€children€with€disabilitiesðð€(CRC/C/69,Ð ¹" ! Ðparas.€310„339);Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌà  à(b)€€Undertake€greater€efforts€to€make€available€the€necessary€professional€(i.e.disabilityÐ t%Ä $ Ðspecialists)€and€financial€resources,€especially€at€the€local€level;Ð ]&­!% ÐÌà  à(c)€€Undertake€greater€efforts€for€inclusive€education€of€children€with€all€forms€of€disabilityÐ /(#' Ðand€seek€greater€involvement€of€local€communities€in€the€process;Ð )h$( ÐÌà  à(d)€€Improve€the€physical€accessibility€of€schools€and€other€public€buildings;€Ð ê*:&* ÐÌà  à(e)€€Undertake€greater€efforts€to€promote€and€expand€community„based€rehabilitationÐ ¼, (, Ðprogrammes,€including€parent€support€groups;Ð ¥-õ(- Їà  à(f)€€Strengthen€public€awareness€campaigns€to€change€negative€public€attitudes;€Ð ° ÐÌà  à(g)€€Seek€assistance€from,€among€others,€UNICEF€and€the€World€Health€OrganizationÐ ‚Ò Ð(WHO).Ð k» ÐòòÌHIV/AIDSóóÐ =  ÐÌ248.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€efforts€of€the€State€party,€undertaken€in€cooperation€withÐ  _ ÐUnitedNations€partners,€to€combat€HIV/AIDS,€but€remains€concerned€at:Ð ø H ÐÌà  à(a)€€The€incidence€of€HIV/AIDS€among€young€children€and€the€high€rate€of€new€infectionsÐ Ê   Ðaffecting€young€people,€particularly€among€minorities;Ð ³  ÐÌà  à(b)€€The€fact€that€treatment,€although€free,€is€provided€only€to€a€limited€number€of€childrenÐ …Õ  Ðand€may€lack€continuity€due€to€funding€limitations.Ð n¾  ÐÌ249.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð @ ÐÌà  à(a)€€Actively€pursue€its€ongoing€activities€supported€by€the€Joint€UnitedNations€ProgrammeÐ b Ðon€HIV/AIDS€(Ô_ÔUNAIDSÔ_Ô)€and€UNICEF€to€counter€HIV/AIDS;Ð ûK ÐÌà  à(b)€€Ensure€that€medicine€is€available€without€delays€in€or€interruptions€of€treatment,€and€thatÐ Í Ðthe€salaries€of€caregivers€are€paid€fully€and€without€delay;€Ð ¶ ÐÌà  à(c)€€Take€due€account€of€the€International€Guidelines€on€HIV/AIDS€and€Human€RightsÐ ˆØ Ð(E/CN.4/1997/37,€annex€I).Ð qÁ ÐÌ7.€€òòEducation,€leisure€and€cultural€activitiesóóÐ C“ ÐÌ250.€€The€Committee€notes€the€initiatives€to€launch€special€programmes€and€provide€free€textbooksÐ e Ðand€school€materials,€as€well€as€meals,€to€encourage€school€enrolment€and€attendance.€€However,Ð þN Ðthe€Committee€is€concerned€that:Ð ç 7 ÐÌà  à(a)€€The€number€of€children€from€rural€areas€and€the€percentage€of€girls€dropping€out€ofÐ ¹" ! Ðschool€are€disproportionately€high;€Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌà  à(b)€€The€curricula€and€teaching€methodology,€including€in€pre„school€education,€do€notÐ t%Ä $ Ðsufficiently€reflect€the€aims€of€education€contained€in€article€29,€paragraph1,€of€the€Convention;Ð ]&­!% ÐÌà  à(c)€€School€bullying€and€violence€against€and€by€children€persist;Ð /(#' ÐÌà  à(d)€€Children€belonging€to€certain€categories€do€not€benefit€from€equal€opportunities€asÐ *Q%) Ðconcerns€education€(e.g.€children€from€disadvantaged€families,€children€with€disabilities,€childrenÐ ê*:&* Ðaffected€by€HIV/AIDS,€children€living€in€the€streets,€and€Roma€and€refugee€children).Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÌ251.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party,€taking€into€account€the€Committeeððs€generalÐ ¥-õ(- Ðcomment€No.€1€on€the€aims€of€education:Ð ° ÐÌà  à(a)€€Make€every€effort€to€increase€the€length€of€compulsory€education;Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà  à(b)€€Make€every€effort€to€ensure€that€compulsory€education,€and€possibly€secondaryÐ T¤ Ðeducation,€is€free€for€all€children;Ð =  ÐÌà  à(c)€€Increase€the€education€budget€to€the€maximum€extent€of€its€available€resources,€includingÐ  _ Ðthrough€additional€international€cooperation;Ð ø H ÐÌà  à(d)€€Strengthen€the€institutional€capacity€of€State€education,€including€with€regard€toÐ Ê   Ðadministration,€management,€educational€planning€and€the€training€of€teachers€and€other€staff;Ð ³  ÐÌà  à(e)€€Take€steps€to€strengthen€education€infrastructure€and€resources,€including€with€a€viewÐ …Õ  Ðto€reducing€disparities€between€urban€and€rural€areas;Ð n¾  ÐÌà  à(f)€€Promote€violence„free€schools;Ð @ ЀÌà  à(g)€€Ensure€that€education,€including€early€childhood€education,€is€directed€towards€theÐ b Ðdevelopment€of€the€childððs€personality,€talents€and€mental€and€physical€abilities€to€their€fullestÐ ûK Ðpotential;Ð ä4 ÐÌà  à(h)€€Ensure€that€the€school€curricula€and€teaching€methodology€are€child-centred€and€thatÐ ¶ Ðthey€stress€the€importance€of€critical€thinking€and€problem„solving€skills€development;Ð Ÿï ÐÌà  à(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€€Take€steps€to€significantly€increase€the€number€of€children€completing€secondaryÐ qÁ Ðeducation.Ð Zª ÐÌ8.€€òòSpecial€protection€measuresóóÐ ,| ÐÌòòRefugee€and€internally€displaced€childrenóóÐ þN ÐÌ252.€€The€Committee€notes:Ð Ð!   ÐÌà  à(a)€€That€the€legislation€(Law€48/2002)€provides€special€protection€for€vulnerable€persons,Ð ¢#ò" Ðbut€remains€concerned€that€de€facto€discrimination€persists€regarding€access€to€education,€health€careÐ ‹$Û# Ðand€social€benefits;Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌà  à(b)€€That€there€have€been€reports€of€cases€of€arbitrary€detention€and€threatened€expulsion.Ð F'–"& ÐÌ253.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð )h$( ÐÌà  à(a)€€Ensure€the€availability€of€Romanian€language€courses,€as€stipulated€by€law,€to€facilitateÐ ê*:&* Ðthe€integration€of€asylum„seeker€and€refugee€children€in€the€education€system;Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÌà  à(b)€€Consider€preferential€treatment€for€refugees,€including€exemptions€from€or€reductionsÐ ¥-õ(- Ðin€tuition€fees€for€upper€secondary€and€university€education;Ð ° ÐÌà  à(c)€€Fully€uphold€their€international€obligations€concerning€lawful€detention€as€well€as€theÐ ‚Ò Ðprinciple€of€non„Ô_ÔrefoulementÔ_Ô;Ð k» ÐÌà  à(d)€€Continue€cooperation€with€the€Office€of€the€UnitedNations€High€Commissioner€forÐ =  ÐRefugees€(Ô_ÔUNHCRÔ_Ô)€in€this€respect.Ð & v ÐÌòòEconomic€exploitationóóÐ ø H ÐÌ254.€€The€Committee€is€encouraged€by€the€ongoing€efforts€of€the€State€party,€in€cooperation€withÐ Ê   ÐILO€and€others,€aimed€at€addressing€the€problem€of€child€labour€in€Romania.€€However,€theÐ ³  ÐCommittee€is€concerned€that€the€number€of€children€working€in€the€city€streets,€in€rural€areas€andÐ œì  Ðin€households€is€still€high,€and€that:Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  à(a)€€As€a€means€of€overcoming€poverty€many€children€as€young€as€6€years€are€engaged€inÐ W§  Ðregular€work;Ð @ ÐÌà  à(b)€€Some€children€entitled€to€work€do€so€in€very€poor€conditions,€including€withoutÐ b Ðinsurance€or€social€security€benefits,€for€very€low€wages,€for€long€hours,€and€in€dangerous€and/orÐ ûK Ðabusive€conditions.Ð ä4 ÐÌ255.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party,€in€accordance€with€article€32€of€theÐ ¶ ÐConvention€and€ILO€Conventions€Nos.€138€concerning€the€Minimum€Age€for€Admission€toÐ Ÿï ÐEmployment€and€182€concerning€the€Prohibition€and€Immediate€Action€forthe€Elimination€of€theÐ ˆØ ÐWorst€Forms€of€Child€Labour,€which€the€State€party€has€ratified:Ð qÁ ÐÌà  à(a)€€Take€immediate€and€effective€steps€to€ensure€the€implementation€of€article€32€of€theÐ C“ ÐConvention€and€ILO€Conventions€Nos.€138€and€182,€taking€due€account€of€the€ILO€Minimum€AgeÐ ,| ÐRecommendation,€1973€(No.€146)€and€the€Worst€Forms€of€Child€Labour€Recommendation,€1999Ð e Ð(No.€190);Ð þN ÐÌà  à(b)€€Continue€its€cooperation€with€Ô_ÔIPECÔ_Ô,€as€well€as€strengthen€its€cooperation€with€andÐ Ð!   Ðsupport€for€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_Ô€working€in€this€area.Ð ¹" ! ÐÌòòSexual€exploitation€and€traffickingóóÐ ‹$Û# ÐÌ256.€€The€Committee€notes€the€establishment€in€2001€of€a€national€Task€Force€on€Trafficking,€theÐ ]&­!% Ðadoption€of€a€national€plan€of€action€on€trafficking,€as€well€as€the€increased€efforts€of€the€State€partyÐ F'–"& Ðto€cooperate€in€regional€programmes€to€prevent€trafficking€and€assist€victims.€€Nevertheless,€theÐ /(#' ÐCommittee€is€concerned€that€Romania€continues€to€be€a€country€of€origin,€of€transit€and,€to€a€lesserÐ )h$( Ðextent,€of€destination€for€trafficked€children,€as€also€noted€by€Ô_ÔCEDAWÔ_Ô€in€June2000€(A/55/38,€paras.Ð *Q%) Ð308„309).Ð ê*:&* ÐÌ257.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð ¼, (, ÐÐ ¥-õ(- Ðà  à(a)€€Accelerate€and€ensure€sufficient€resources€and€qualified€staff€for€the€effectiveÐ ° Ðimplementation€of€the€National€Action€Plan€for€Ô_ÔCombatingÔ_Ô€Sexual€Exploitation€of€Children€forÐ ™é ÐCommercial€Reasons,€taking€into€account€the€Declaration€and€Agenda€for€Action€and€the€GlobalÐ ‚Ò ÐCommitment€adopted€at€the€1996€and€2001€World€Congresses€against€Commercial€SexualÐ k» ÐExploitation€of€Children;Ð T¤ Ðà  à(b)€€Ensure€that€all€persons€under€18€years€involved€in€prostitution€and€the€production€ofÐ =  Ðpornographic€materials€are€not€criminalized€and€enjoy€full€protection;Ð & v ÐÌà  à(c)€€Train€law€enforcement€officials,€social€workers€and€prosecutors€in€how€to€receive,Ð ø H Ðmonitor,€investigate€and€prosecute€complaints€in€a€child„sensitive€manner;Ð á 1  ÐÌà  à(d)€€Ensure€that€all€victims€of€trafficking€and€forced€prostitution€have€access€to€appropriateÐ ³  Ðrecovery€and€reintegration€programmes€and€services.Ð œì  ÐÌòòStreet€childrenóóÐ n¾  ÐÌ258.€€The€Committee€is€encouraged€by€the€ongoing€initiatives€to€decrease€the€number€of€streetÐ @ Ðchildren,€including€the€ð ð€Home€Againðð€campaign.€€However€it€is€concerned€that€there€remain€largeÐ )y Ðnumbers€of€children€living€on€the€street€in€urban€areas,€and€in€particular€that:Ð b ÐÌà  à(a)€€They€are€vulnerable€to,€among€other€things,€sexual€abuse,€violence,€including€from€theÐ ä4 Ðpolice,€lack€of€access€to€education,€substance€abuse,€sexually€transmitted€diseases,€HIV/AIDS€andÐ Í Ðmalnutrition;Ð ¶ ÐÌà  à(b)€€Ô_ÔInstitutionalizationÔ_Ô€is€frequently€resorted€to;Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  à(c)€€There€is€a€lack€of€services,€including€recovery€and€reintegration€services,€specializedÐ Zª Ðpersonnel€and€shelters.Ð C“ ÐÌ259.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð e ÐÌà  à(a)€€Strengthen€its€efforts€to€prevent€and€reduce€this€phenomenon;Ð ç 7 ÐÌà  à(b)€€Make€additional€efforts€to€provide€protection€to€street€children€and€to€ensure€their€accessÐ ¹" ! Ðto€education€and€health€services;Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌà  à(c)€€Strengthen€efforts€to€assist€children€in€leaving€the€street,€placing€greater€emphasis€onÐ t%Ä $ Ðalternatives€to€Ô_ÔinstitutionalizationÔ_Ô,€family€reunification€and€recovery€and€reintegration€services,Ð ]&­!% Ðunder€the€leadership€of€the€Ministry€of€Labour€and€Social€Welfare;Ð F'–"& ÐÌà  à(d)€€Continue€to€collaborate€with€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_Ô€working€in€this€area.Ð )h$( ÐÌòòJuvenile€justiceóóÐ ê*:&* ÐÌ260.€€Although€encouraged€by€information€from€the€delegation€that€the€State€party€is€undertakingÐ ¼, (, Ðreforms€in€the€area€of€juvenile€justice,€the€Committee€remains€concerned€that:Ð ¥-õ(- Їà  à(a)€€There€are€no€judges€specially€trained€and€appointed€for€cases€involving€minors,€nor€areÐ ° Ðthere€prosecutors€specializing€in€investigating€juvenile€delinquents;Ð ™é ÐÌà  à(b)€€A€high€number€of€children€are€in€pre„trial€detention;€Ð k» ÐÌà  à(c)€€The€prosecutor€has€discretionary€powers€to€deny€a€detainee€access€to€a€lawyer€for€up€toÐ =  Ðfive€days€in€the€interest€of€an€investigation;Ð & v ÐÌà  à(d)€€Very€few€children€are€dealt€with€by€diversionary€or€alternative€measures;Ð ø H ÐÌà  à(e)€€There€is€a€serious€lack€of€capacity€within€the€judicial€system€to€provide€rapidÐ Ê   Ðintervention€or€trial,€as€needed,€for€juvenile€offenders.Ð ³  ÐÌ261.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party:Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  à(a)€€Ensure€that€the€ongoing€reforms€establish€a€juvenile€justice€system€that€has€adequateÐ W§  Ðhuman€and€financial€resources€and€fully€integrates€international€juvenile€justicestandards,€inÐ @ Ðparticular€articles€37,€40€and€39€of€the€Convention,€as€well€as€the€United€Nations€Standard€MinimumÐ )y ÐRules€for€the€Administration€of€Juvenile€Justice€(the€Beijing€Rules),€the€United€Nations€GuidelinesÐ b Ðfor€the€Prevention€of€Juvenile€Delinquency€(the€Riyadh€Guidelines)€and€the€Guidelines€for€ActionÐ ûK Ðon€Children€in€the€Criminal€Justice€System;Ð ä4 ÐÌà  à(b)€€Ensure€that€the€system€of€juvenile€justice€is€adequately€Ô_ÔresourcedÔ_Ô;Ð ¶ ÐÌà  à(c)€€Ensure€that€no€children€are€detained€illegally€and€that€when€detention€is€necessary,€asÐ ˆØ Ða€measure€of€last€resort,€children€are€detained€separately€from€adults;Ð qÁ ÐÌà  à(d)€€Promote€alternative€measures€for€dealing€with€children€without€resorting€to€judicialÐ C“ Ðproceedings,€provided€human€rights€safeguards€are€respected;Ð ,| ÐÌà  à(e)€€Strengthen€the€capacity€of€the€juvenile€justice€system€to€provide€a€timely€response;Ð þN ÐÌà  à(f)€€Guarantee€that€children€in€pre„trial€detention€will€not€be€denied€access€to€a€lawyer.Ð Ð!   ÐÌòòRoma€childrenóóÐ ¢#ò" ÐÌ262.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€implementation€of€strategies€aimed€at€improving€RomaÐ t%Ä $ Ðchildrenððs€rights€to€health„care€services€and€inclusion€in€education€(e.g.€through€the€use€of€healthÐ ]&­!% Ðand€education€mediators€and€supportive€tuition€in€the€Roma€language).€€The€Committee€alsoÐ F'–"& Ðwelcomes€Roma€Ô_ÔNGOÔ_Ô€participation€in€improving€the€rights€of€their€children.€€However,€it€remainsÐ /(#' Ðconcerned€at€the€negative€attitudes€and€prejudices€of€the€general€public,€in€the€political€discourseÐ )h$( Ðand€in€media€representations€as€well€as€at€incidents€of€police€brutality€and€discriminatory€behaviourÐ *Q%) Ðon€the€part€of€some€teachers€and€doctors.Ð ê*:&* ÐÌ263.€€In€accordance€with€articles€2€and€30€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€recommends€that€theÐ ¼, (, ÐState€party:Ð ¥-õ(- Їà  à(a)€€Initiate€campaigns,€at€all€levels€and€in€all€regions,€aimed€at€addressing€the€negativeÐ ° Ðattitudes€towards€the€Roma€in€society€at€large,€in€particular€among€authorities€such€as€the€police€andÐ ™é Ðprofessionals€providing€health€care,€education€and€other€social€services;Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà  à(b)€€Based€on€the€evaluation€of€previous€strategies,€develop€and€implement€a€comprehensiveÐ T¤ Ðstrategy€for€improving€access€to€primary€health€care,€education€and€social€welfare€services,€inÐ =  Ðcooperation€with€Roma€Ô_ÔNGOÔ_Ô€partners€and€targeting€the€whole€Roma€child€population;Ð & v ÐÌà  à(c)€€Develop€curriculum€resources€for€all€schools,€including€in€relation€to€Roma€history€andÐ ø H Ðculture,€in€order€to€promote€understanding,€tolerance€and€respect€for€the€Roma€in€Romanian€society.Ð á 1  ÐÌ9.€€òòDissemination€of€the€report,€written€answers€and€concluding€observationsóóÐ ³  ÐÌ264.€€In€the€light€of€article€44,€paragraph€6,€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€recommends€that€theÐ …Õ  Ðsecond€report€and€written€replies€submitted€by€the€State€party€be€made€widely€available€to€the€publicÐ n¾  Ðat€large€and€that€the€publication€of€the€report€be€considered,€along€with€the€relevant€summary€recordsÐ W§  Ðand€concluding€observations€adopted€by€the€Committee.€€Such€a€document€should€be€widelyÐ @ Ðdistributed€in€order€to€generate€debate€and€awareness€of€the€Convention€and€its€implementation€andÐ )y Ðmonitoring€within€all€levels€of€administration€of€the€State€party€and€the€general€public,€includingÐ b Ðconcerned€Ô_ÔNGOsÔ_Ô.€Ð ûK ЀÌ10.€€òòNext€reportóóÐ Í ÐÌ265.€€The€Committee€underlines€the€importance€of€a€reporting€practice€that€is€in€full€compliance€withÐ Ÿï Ðthe€provisions€of€article€44€of€the€Convention.€€An€important€aspect€of€Statesðð€responsibilities€toÐ ˆØ Ðchildren€under€the€Convention€includes€ensuring€that€the€Committee€has€regular€opportunities€toÐ qÁ Ðexamine€the€progress€made€in€the€implementation€of€the€Convention.€€In€this€regard,€regular€andÐ Zª Ðtimely€reporting€by€States€parties€is€crucial.€€The€Committee€recognizes€that€some€States€partiesÐ C“ Ðexperience€difficulties€in€reporting€in€a€timely€and€regular€manner.€€As€an€exceptional€measure,€inÐ ,| Ðorder€to€help€the€State€party€catch€up€with€its€reporting€obligations€so€as€to€be€in€full€complianceÐ e Ðwith€the€Convention,€the€Committee€invites€the€State€party€to€submit€its€third€and€fourth€periodicÐ þN Ðreports€in€one€consolidated€report€by€27October€2007,€date€on€which€the€fourth€periodic€report€isÐ ç 7 Ðdue.€The€Committee€expects€the€State€party€to€report€thereafter€every€five€years,€as€foreseen€by€theÐ Ð!   ÐConvention.€Ð ¹" ! ÐÔ#†X'6XX X'6.#Ô