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Documeu3|xU !UKUS.,  _ 5XX  SAUDIARABIA #XX 5=#  \ CATA/57/44(2002)   97.  TheCommitteeconsideredtheinitialperiodicreportofSaudiArabia(CAT/C/42/Add.2)at  its516th,519th,521stand524thmeetings,on8,10,13and15May2002(CAT/C/SR.516,519,   521and524),andadoptedthefollowingconclusionsandrecommendations. x  A.Introduction X  98.  TheCommitteewelcomesthesubmissionoftheinitialreport,althoughitregretsthedelay 8  insubmissionandthepaucityofinformationonthepracticalenjoymentinSaudiArabiaoftherights (x  conferredbytheConvention.ItgenerallyconformstotheCommittee'sreportingguidelines.The h  Committeealsowelcomestheopportunitytoengageinadialoguewithalargedelegationcovering X  manymattersarisingundertheConvention,whichwasenhancedbytheextensiveoralreport. H  B.Positiveaspects ( 99.  TheCommitteewelcomesthefollowing:  (a)  TheStateparty'saccessiontotheConventionagainstTortureon23September1997,aswell  asitsaccessiontoseveralothercorehumanrightstreatiesanditsexpressedintentiontoratifythe  1951ConventionrelatingtotheStatusofRefugeesandits1967Protocol.TheCommitteealso x welcomestheStateparty'sdeclarationthatitsdomesticlaw,includingitscomponentsbasedupon h _Shariah_,iscapableofgivingfullrecognitiontotherightsandobligationscontainedinthe X Convention; H (b)  Legaldevelopmentsdesignedtoenhancetheruleoflawandtheproperadministrationof (x justicethathaveoccurredsincethepreparationofthereport,suchasaspectsofthenewly h promulgatedCodeofCivilProcedure,CodeofCriminalProcedureandCodeofPracticefor  X Lawyers.TheCommitteewelcomes,inparticular,thattheCodeofCriminalProcedureguarantees  H everyaccusedpersontherighttoavailhimselforherselfoftheservicesofalawyeratallstagesof !8 aninvestigationandtrial; "(  (c)  TheStateparty'sexpressionthatitsdomesticlawprovidesthatnoexceptionalcircumstances, $ " includingsuperiororders,maybeinvokedasadefencetoachargeoftorture,thereassurancethat % # statementsobtainedbytortureareinadmissibleinproceedings,andtheoralassurancethat &!$ confessionsarerevocableatanypointofproceedings.TheStateparty'sreassurancethatcorporal '"% punishmentsarenotimposeduponminorswasnoted; x(#& (d)  ThecompetenceoftheBoardofGrievancestohearallegationsofviolationsofhumanrights, X*%( andthatcertainmedicalfacilitiespossessappropriateforensicmedicalexpertiseforexaminationof H+&) allegedvictimsoftorture.TheCommitteewelcomestheestablishmentofastandingcommission 8,'* toinvestigateaccusationsconcerningthesubjectionofanypersontotortureorothercruel,inhuman (-x(+ ordegradingtreatmentorpunishmentduringthearrest,detentionandinvestigationofsuspects;  (e)  TheStateparty'sinvitationtotheSpecialRapporteuroftheCommissiononHumanRights  ontheindependenceofjudgesandlawyerstoexamineitslaw,policyandpracticeinthisfield.  C.Subjectsofconcern `  100.  TheCommitteeisconcernedaboutthefollowing: @  (a)  WhilenotingtheStateparty'sindicationthat_Shariah_Ԁexpresslyprohibitstortureandother  p  cruelandinhumantreatment,theStateparty'sdomesticlawitselfdoesnotexplicitlyreflectthis `  prohibition,nordoesitimposecriminalsanctions.TheCommitteeconsidersthatexpress P  incorporationintheStateparty'sdomesticlawofthecrimeoftorture,asdefinedinarticle1ofthe @  Convention,isnecessarytosignalthecardinalimportanceofthisprohibition; 0  (b)  Thesentencingto,andimpositionof,corporalpunishmentsbyjudicialandadministrative  authorities,including,inparticular,floggingandamputationoflimbs,thatarenotinconformitywith  theConvention;  (c)  Thedifferentregimesapplicable,inlawandinpractice,tonationalsandforeignersin  relationtotheirlegalrightstobefreefrom,andtheirabilitytocomplainof,conductinviolationof p theConvention.TheCommitteerecallsthattheConventionanditsprotectionsareapplicabletoall ` actsinviolationoftheConventionthatoccurwithinitsjurisdiction,fromwhichitfollowsthatall P personsareentitled,inequalmeasureandwithoutdiscrimination,totherightscontainedtherein; @ (d)  Allegationsofprolongedpre-trialdetentionofsomeindividualsbeyondthestatutorylimits  p prescribedbylaw,whichheightenstheriskof,andmayonoccasionofitselfconstitute,conductin ` violationoftheConvention.Inthisconnection,theCommitteeexpressesitsconcernatinstances P ofdenial,attimesforextendedperiods,ofconsularaccesstodetainedforeigners.Moreover,the @ Committeeisconcernedatthelimiteddegreeofjudicialsupervisionofpre-trialdetention; 0 (e)  Reportsofincommunicadodetentionofdetainedpersons,attimesforextendedperiods, ! particularlyduringpre-trialinvestigations.Thelackofaccesstoexternallegaladviceandmedical "  assistance,aswellastofamilymembers,increasesthelikelihoodthatconductviolatingthe #! Conventionwillnotbeappropriatelypursuedandpunished; $" (f)  Therequirementofarticle100ofthestatuteoftheDirectorateofPublicSecurityforan p&!$ investigatingofficertoendeavour"byjudiciousmeans"toascertainthereasonsforanindividual's `'"% silence.Whilethearticleinquestionformallyproscribesresorttotortureorcoercion,sucha P(#& requirementunjustifiablyheightenstheriskofconductviolatingtheConvention; @)$' (g)  CasesofdeportationofforeignersthathavebeendrawntotheCommittee'sattentionthat  +p&) seemtohavebeeninbreachoftheobligationsimposedbyarticle3oftheConvention; ,`'* (h)  Thejurisdictionofthe_Mutawe'en_officialstopursue,interalia,violationsofthemoralcode -@), andtoproscribeconducttheyidentifyasnotconducivetopublicmoralityandsafety.The  Committeeisconcernedthatthepowersoftheseofficialsarevaguelydefinedbylaw,andthattheir  activitiesmayviolatetheConvention;  (_i_)  TheapparentfailureoftheStatepartytoprovideeffectivemechanismstoinvestigate p complaintsofbreachesoftheConvention; `  (j)  WhilenotingtheStateparty'sinstitutionofmechanismsforthepurposeofproviding @  compensationforconductinviolationoftheConvention,asapracticalmatter,compensationappears 0  toberarelyobtained,andaccordinglyfullenjoymentoftherightsguaranteedbytheConventionis  p  consequentlylimited. `  D.Recommendations @  101.  TheCommitteerecommends,inparticular,thattheStateparty:   (a)  Expresslyincorporatewithinitsdomesticlawacrimeoftortureintermsthatareconsistent  witharticle1oftheConvention;  (b)  Re-examineitsimpositionofcorporalpunishments,whichareinbreachoftheConvention;  Ѐ(c)  Ensurethatitslawsareinpracticeappliedtoallpersons,regardlessofnationality,gender, ` religiousaffiliationorotherdistinction,insofarasissuesarisingundertheConventionareconcerned; P (d)  Ensurethatallplacesofdetentionorimprisonmentconformtostandardssufficientto 0 guaranteethatnopersonistherebysubjectedtotortureorcruel,inhumanordegradingtreatmentor  p punishment; ` (e)  Ensurethatitslawandpracticereflecttheobligationsimposedbyarticle3ofthe @ Convention; 0 (f)  Ensurethatallpersonswhohavebeenvictimsofaviolationoftheirrightsunderthe ! Conventionhaveaccess,inlawaswellasinpractice,tothemeansofobtainingfullredress, "  includingcompensation,andthatthepersonswhomayberesponsibleforsuchviolationsare #! promptlyandimpartiallyinvestigated,andthereuponpunished; $" (g)  Ensurethatits_Mutawe'en_officialsexerciseaclearandprecisejurisdiction,inconformity p&!$ withtheConventionandotherapplicablerulesofnon-discrimination,inamannerregulatedbylaw `'"% andsubjecttoreviewbyordinaryjudicialauthority; P(#& (h)  Ensure,inpractice,thatpersonsdetainedincustodyareabletoexercisepromptaccessto 0*%( legalandmedicalexpertiseofchoice,tofamilymembersand,inthecaseofforeignnationals,to  +p&) consularpersonnel; ,`'* (_i_)  Ensurethatthecompositionofthejudiciaryfullyconformstothestandardsimposedbythe -@), BasicPrinciplesontheIndependenceoftheJudiciary;  (j)  Ensurethatitstrainingoflawenforcementpersonnelincludeseducationandinformationon  therecognitionofthephysicalconsequencesoftortureconsistentwiththatprovidedtoanumberof  itsmedicalpersonnel,inaccordancewitharticle10oftheConvention; p (k)  Adoptadequatemeasurestopermitthecreationofindependentnon-governmental P  organizationsandthedevelopmentoftheiractivitiesintheareaofthedefenceofhumanrights; @  (l)  Providedatainthenextperiodicreport_disaggregated_,interalia,byage,gender,ethnicity,  p  nationality,geographyandotherstatus,onpersonswhoaredeprivedoftheirlibertyinprisonsor `  elsewhere,orwhoareotherwisesanctionedwheretheymaybevulnerabletoactsinbreachofthe P  Convention,andtheresultsofanycasesofprosecutionorsanctionofpoliceorotherofficialsfor @  actsprohibitedbytheConvention; 0  (m)  Considermakingthedeclarationunderarticle22oftheConvention;and  (n)  WidelydisseminatetheCommittee'sconclusionsandrecommendations,inallappropriate  languages,inthecountry.