ÿWPC” Œ’¡ZKlìeçÜOy‡™çüˆ…¦ ó/E·$y¦ðZ81ôÞ‡àð‚Hv¬ÐèfH0âü7{-P Ò-)…ÊŽóP’ùGXM5ÀÏ d,Eë¸tC^„Tc¾»ƒôX©’D¢ð`P"AO5^Ôy¤)›¬ÙK~©Â}h\—sõïlÖ'÷/ãõ„èneÜ+3F9®`ð8!ÄlÊÓÀ‰¾Nù~Ïy-š,4ÇDä©Ñcú»˜ÆfovNRnºìó ´qHÀUê‡Úµ.—Ô£d"¯â’q04êaÇTýΙú¬ù¼€6ÜMí¢¹!ôÔ«‰ ƒLùqµ‚b'–Tm~°”1Óñ±ùsòOBÄt‰±=kİüNô–ÎG½~0pž$®FTRŒmñé-3t\z±ƒÜÇÎTø8&ñ^àê`uÑ!åÚÞ›ãGãÚZŽ™@­³ÔŸÑ-sÜ3)ÊŠÂÆrp ˆÊ«€.¨¶ýJ(œxú2 æi)¡Ù/ü—Q6ݓ͟ÏäMúE0š$dG´ë?J]ÚÙUÈ/¯¯kà%€-¢ÆYÍó<ÒÚÛté~ë¼òÙ ^q:q`Zº÷ÃÛ%¨ÐüÈØW€þŒx•s-|Ï–k v\Œhž(#Á0UNñ %? 0:E 0î 0ëm 0èX 0å@ 0â% 0ß 0Üæ 0Ù 0Ö› 0Üq 0ÙM 0Ö& 0Óü 0ÐÏ 0ÍŸ 0Êl 0Ç6 0Äý 0ÛÁ 0Øœ 0Õt 0ÒI 0Ï 0Ìê 0ɶ 0Æ 0ÃEU>^ FwR4Vjy m{N’˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÙØÙÙØÈÙ0(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ûœ$¡¡ÔUKUS.,Ô2G+J ÿÿ0_level1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2D+J ÿÿ0_level2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2A+J ÿÿ0_level3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>+J ÿÿ0_level4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;+J ÿÿ0_level5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28+J ÿÿ0_level6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25+J ÿÿ0_level7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22+J ÿÿ0_level8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2/+J ÿÿ0_level9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2GJ ÿÿ0_levsl1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2DJ ÿÿ0_levsl2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2AJ ÿÿ0_levsl3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>J ÿÿ0_levsl4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;J ÿÿ0_levsl5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28J ÿÿ0_levsl6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25J ÿÿ0_levsl7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22J ÿÿ0_levsl8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2/J ÿÿ0_levsl9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2GJ ÿÿ0_levnl1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ X ÓÓ/%4 4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤/ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2DJ ÿÿ0_levnl2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ,"Œ Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2AJ ÿÿ0_levnl3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ)ä ä <”ìDœôL¤)ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2>J ÿÿ0_levnl4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ&<<”ìDœôL¤&ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2;J ÿÿ0_levnl5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ#””ìDœôL¤#ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó28J ÿÿ0_levnl6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ììDœôL¤ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó25J ÿÿ0_levnl7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓDDœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó22J ÿÿ0_levnl8Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓœœôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Ó2/J ÿÿ0_levnl9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ ôôL¤ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ2(Ü Ü4Œ ä <”ìDœôL¤2ÓÓ ¨ý Óô\  `‹&Times New RomanŽn, —{m, DocumehL£3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀÝ ƒûœ!ÝÔUKUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡¼ü@»XXÔò òÓ  ÓSAUDI€ARABIAó óÔ#†X¹þX»¼ü@=#ÔÐ ° ÐÓ_ÓÓÓÌò òCRC€€CRC/C/103€Ô_Ô(2001)ó óÔ_ÔÐ ªú ÐÌ375.€€At€its€687th€and€688th€meetings€(see€CRC/C/SR.687€and€688),€held€on€19€January€2001,€theÐ }Í ÐCommittee€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€considered€the€initial€report€of€Saudi€ArabiaÐ f ¶ Ð(CRC/C/61/Add.2),€which€was€submitted€on€15€October€1998,€and€adopteò òÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔó ódò ò*€ó óÔ#†X¹þXX X¹þE#Ôthe€followingÐ O Ÿ Ðconcluding€observations.Ð ; ‹ ÐÌA.€€òòIntroductionóóÐ  ]  ÐÌ376.€€The€Committee€notes€that€the€initial€State€party€report€was€prepared€according€to€theÐ ß/  ÐCommitteeððs€guidelines€for€reporting.€€However,€it€regrets€that€the€report€is€essentially€legalistic€andÐ È  Ðdoes€not€provide€a€self„critical€evaluation€of€the€prevailing€situation€of€the€exercise€of€childrenððsÐ ±  Ðrights€in€the€country.€€The€Committee€notes€the€timely€submission€of€the€written€answers,€which€itÐ šê  Ðfound€informative.€€It€further€notes€with€appreciation€the€presence€of€a€high„level€delegation,€whichÐ ƒÓ  Ðcontributed€to€a€frank€dialogue.Ð l¼ ÐÌB.€€òòPositive€aspectsóóÐ >Ž ÐÌ377.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€ratification€by€the€State€party€of€the€Convention€on€theÐ ` ÐElimination€of€All€Forms€of€Discrimination€against€Women.€€It€further€welcomes€the€information,Ð ùI Ðprovided€by€the€delegation,€that€the€State€party€is€considering€ratifying€the€International€CovenantsÐ â2 Ðon€Economic,€Social€and€Cultural€Rights€and€on€Civil€and€Political€Rights.Ð Ë ÐÌ378.€€The€Committee€welcomes€the€establishment€of€the€Committee€on€Deliberate€Child€Abuse.Ð í ÐÌ379.€€The€Committee€notes€with€appreciation€the€generous€financial€aid€given€to€developingÐ o¿ Ðcountries€by€the€State€party.Ð X¨ ÐÌC.€€òòFactors€and€difficulties€impeding€the€implementation€of€the€ConventionóóÐ * z ÐÌ380.€€Noting€the€universal€values€of€equality€and€tolerance€inherent€in€Islam,€the€CommitteeÐ ü!L  Ðobserves€that€narrow€interpretations€of€Islamic€texts€by€State€authorities€are€impeding€the€enjoymentÐ å"5! Ðof€many€human€rights€protected€under€the€Convention.Ð Î#" ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔ_________Ð è,8(, Ðò òÔ#†X¹þXX X¹þD #ÔÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔ*€ó óÔ#†X¹þXX X¹þ§ #ÔÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔAt€the€697th€meeting,€held€on€26€January€2001.Ô#†X¹þXX X¹þî #ÔÐ Ñ-!)- ÐÔ_Ô‡D.€€òòPrincipal€subjects€of€concern€and€recommendationsóóÐ ° ÐÌ1.€€òòGeneral€measures€of€implementationóóÐ ‚Ò ÐÌòòReservationóóÐ T¤ ÐÌ381.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€broad€and€imprecise€nature€of€the€State€partyððs€generalÐ & v Ðreservation€potentially€negates€many€of€the€Conventionððs€provisions€and€raises€concern€as€to€itsÐ  _ Ðcompatibility€with€the€object€and€purpose€of€the€Convention,€as€well€as€the€overall€implementationÐ ø H Ðof€the€Convention.Ð á 1  ÐÌ382.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€withdraw€its€reservation,€in€accordance€withÐ ³  Ðthe€Declaration€and€Plan€of€Action€of€the€World€Conference€on€Human€Rights€(1993).Ð œì  ÐÌòòLegislationóóÐ n¾  ÐÌ383.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€several€rights€contained€in€the€Convention€are€not€reflectedÐ @ Ðin€domestic€law.€€In€particular,€the€Basic€Law€and€other€applicable€laws€do€not€expressly€guaranteeÐ )y Ðnon„discrimination€on€the€basis€of€all€the€grounds€contained€in€article€2€of€the€Convention.€€InÐ b Ðaddition,€the€Committee€notes€the€incompatibility€of€certain€areas€of€domestic€law€with€theÐ ûK ÐConvention€(e.g.€discrimination€against€females€and€non„Muslims€and€the€use€of€judicialÐ ä4 Ðpunishments€such€as€flogging),€and€that€many€laws€relevant€to€childrenððs€rights€(i.e.€personal€statusÐ Í Ðlaws,€the€criminal€code,€and€the€criminal€and€civil€procedure€codes)€remain€uncodified.Ð ¶ ÐÌ384.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€conduct€a€comprehensive€review€of€the€BasicÐ ˆØ ÐLaw€and€domestic€laws,€including€administrative€regulations€and€legal€procedural€rules,€to€ensureÐ qÁ Ðthat€they€conform€to€international€human€rights€standards,€including€the€Convention,€that€they€areÐ Zª Ðsufficiently€clear€and€precise,€are€published,€and€are€accessible€to€the€public.Ð C“ ÐÌòòCoordinationóóÐ e ÐÌ385.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€there€is€inadequate€administrative€coordination€andÐ ç 7 Ðcooperation€at€the€national€and€local€government€levels€in€the€implementation€of€the€Convention.Ð Ð!   ÐÌ386.€€In€light€of€the€1993€Vienna€Declaration€and€Programme€of€Action€(para.€71),€the€CommitteeÐ ¢#ò" Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€pursue€the€preparation€and€development€of€a€comprehensiveÐ ‹$Û# Ðnational€plan€of€action€for€the€implementation€of€its€international€human€rights€obligations,€includingÐ t%Ä $ Ðthe€Convention,€through€an€open€and€consultative€process.€€Attention€should€be€given€toÐ ]&­!% Ðintersectoral€coordination€and€cooperation€at€and€between€national€and€local€levels€of€government.€Ð F'–"& ÐThe€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€provide€adequate€support€to€local€authorities,Ð /(#' Ðincluding€the€development€of€professional€capacity,€for€implementation€of€the€Convention.Ð )h$( ÐÌ387.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€insufficient€efforts€have€been€made€to€involve€civil€societyÐ ê*:&* Ðin€the€implementation€of€the€Convention.Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÌ388.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€consider€a€systematic€approach€to€involvingÐ ¥-õ(- Ðcivil€society,€especially€childrenððs€associations€and€advocacy€groups,€throughout€all€stages€of€theÐ ° Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention,€including€policy„making.€€The€Committee€recommends€thatÐ ™é Ðgreater€efforts€be€made€to€involve€relevant€State€actors€in€the€dialogue€with€civil€society,€such€asÐ ‚Ò Ðlocal€government€officials€and€the€police,€and€further€encourages€the€State€party€to€supportÐ k» Ðinitiatives€aimed€at€strengthening€the€role€of€civil€society.Ð T¤ ÐÌòòData€collectionóóÐ & v ÐÌ389.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€disaggregated€data€on€persons€under€18€years€relating€to€theÐ ø H Ðrights€contained€in€the€Convention€are€not€systematically€collected€and€used€effectively€to€assessÐ á 1  Ðprogress€and€design€policies€to€implement€the€Convention.Ð Ê   ÐÌ390.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€establish€a€mechanism€to€systematicallyÐ œì  Ðcollect€and€analyse€data€on€persons€under€18.€The€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€seekÐ …Õ  Ðtechnical€assistance€from€UNICEF,€among€others,€in€this€regard.Ð n¾  ÐÌòòMonitoring€structuresóóÐ @ ÐÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔÌ391.€€The€Committee€emphasizes€the€importance€of€setting€up€an€independent€mechanism€with€aÐ b Ðmandate€to€regularly€monitor€and€evaluate€progress€in€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€at€theÐ ûK Ðnational€and€local€levelò òÔ#†X¹þXX X¹þ#ÔÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔs.€ó óÔ#†X¹þXX X¹þT#ÔMoreover,€the€Committee€notes€that€guarantees€of€non„discrimination,Ð ä4 Ðreligious€freedom€and€due€process€laid€down€in€domestic€law€without€independent€and€effectiveÐ Ð  Ðmechanisms€to€monitor€their€application€do€not€on€their€own€ensure€the€enjoyment€of€these€and€otherÐ ¹  Ðfundamental€rights.Ð ¢ò ÐÌ392.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€consider€the€establishment€of€an€independentÐ tÄ Ðnational€human€rights€institution€in€accordance€with€the€Paris€Principles€relating€to€the€status€ofÐ ]­ Ðnational€institutions€(General€Assembly€resolution€48/134)€to€monitor€and€evaluate€progress€in€theÐ F– Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention€at€the€national€and,€if€appropriate,€at€the€local€levels.€€ThisÐ / Ðinstitution€should€be€empowered€to€receive€and€investigate€complaints€of€violations€of€child€rightsÐ h Ðin€a€child„friendly€manner,€and€address€them€effectively.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€State€partyÐ  Q Ðto€seek€technical€assistance€from€the€Office€of€the€High€Commissioner€for€Human€Rights€andÐ ê : ÐUNICEF,€among€others.Ð Ó!#  ÐÌòòTraining/dissemination€of€the€ConventionóóÐ ¥#õ" ÐÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔÌ393.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€low€level€of€awareness€of€the€Convention€amongstÐ w%Ç $ Ðprofessionals€working€with€and€for€children€and€the€general€public,€including€children€themselveÔ#†X¹þXX X¹þ¬$#ÔÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔs.ò òÐ `&°!% Ðó óÔ#†X¹þXX X¹þ¼%#ÔThe€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€State€party€is€not€undertaking€adequate€dissemination€andÐ I'™"& Ðawareness„raising€activities€in€a€systematic€and€targeted€manner.Ð 2(‚#' ÐÌ394.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€develop€an€ongoing€programme€for€theÐ *T%) Ðdissemination€of€information€regarding€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€among€children€andÐ í*=&* Ðparents,€civil€society€and€all€sectors€and€levels€of€government.€€Moreover,€the€CommitteeÐ Ö+&'+ Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€strengthen€its€efforts€and€develop€systematic€and€ongoing€humanÐ ¿,(, Ðrights€training€programmes,€including€on€the€provisions€of€the€Convention,€for€all€professionalÐ ¨-ø(- Ðgroups€working€with€children€(e.g.€the€Consultative€Council,€judges,€lawyers,€law€enforcementÐ ° Ðofficials,€civil€servants,€local€government€officials,€personnel€working€in€institutions€and€places€ofÐ ™é Ðdetention€for€children,€teachers,€health€personnel,€including€psychologists,€and€social€workers).€€TheÐ ‚Ò ÐCommittee€encourages€the€State€party€to€seek€technical€assistance€from€the€Office€of€the€HighÐ k» ÐCommissioner€for€Human€Rights€and€UNICEF,€among€others,€in€this€regard.Ð T¤ ÐÌ2.€€òòDefinition€of€the€childóóÐ & v ÐÌ395.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€the€definition€of€the€child€is€unclear€under€Saudi€law€and€thatÐ ø H Ðthe€age€of€majority€is€not€defined.€For€example,€the€absence€of€a€defined€minimum€age€for€marriageÐ á 1  Ðmay€result€in€the€arbitrary€and€disparate€application€of€laws€and€discrimination€between€girls€andÐ Ê   Ðboys.Ð ³  ÐÌ396.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€review€its€legislation€so€that€the€definitionÐ …Õ  Ðof€the€child,€the€age€of€majority€and€other€minimum€age€requirements€conform€to€the€principles€andÐ n¾  Ðprovisions€of€the€Convention€and€are€gender€neutral€in€particular,€and€ensure€that€they€are€enforcedÐ W§  Ðby€law.Ð @ ÐÌ3.€òòGeneral€principlesóóÐ b ÐÌòòThe€right€to€non„discriminationóóÐ ä4 ÐÌ397.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€by€the€persistence€of€discrimination€in€the€State€party.€€InÐ ¶ Ðparticular,€the€Committee€finds€that€direct€and€indirect€discrimination€against€girls€and€children€bornÐ Ÿï Ðout€of€wedlock,€including€in€areas€relating€to€civil€status€(e.g.€lack€of€identity€cards€for€females)€andÐ ˆØ Ðpersonal€status€(e.g.€inheritance,€custody€and€guardianship),€is€incompatible€with€article€2.€€TheÐ qÁ ÐCommittee€is€concerned€that€the€nationality€law€does€not€grant€equal€citizenship€status€to€childrenÐ Zª Ðof€Saudi€women€married€to€non„nationals.€€The€Committee€expresses€its€concern€at€the€persistenceÐ C“ Ðof€stereotypical€attitudes€about€the€roles€and€responsibilities€of€women€and€men.Ð ,| ÐÌ398.€€In€accordance€with€article€2€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€partyÐ þN Ðtake€effective€measures,€including€enacting€or€rescinding€civil€and€criminal€legislation€whereÐ ç 7 Ðnecessary,€to€prevent€and€eliminate€discrimination€on€the€grounds€of€sex€and€birth€in€all€fields€ofÐ Ð!   Ðcivil,€economic,€political,€social€and€cultural€life.€€In€this€regard,€the€Committee€encourages€the€StateÐ ¹" ! Ðparty€to€consider€the€practice€of€other€States€that€have€been€successful€in€reconciling€fundamentalÐ ¢#ò" Ðrights€with€Islamic€texts.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€all€appropriateÐ ‹$Û# Ðmeasures,€such€as€comprehensive€public€education€campaigns,€to€prevent€and€combat€negativeÐ t%Ä $ Ðsocietal€attitudes€in€this€regard,€particularly€within€the€family,€and€train€members€of€the€legalÐ ]&­!% Ðprofession,€especially€the€judiciary,€to€be€gender„sensitive.€€Religious€leaders€should€be€mobilizedÐ F'–"& Ðto€support€such€efforts.Ð /(#' ÐÌòòBest€interests€of€the€childóóÐ *Q%) ÐÌ399.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€in€actions€concerning€children,€the€general€principle€of€theÐ Ó+#'+ Ðbest€interests€of€the€child€contained€in€article€3€of€the€Convention€is€not€always€a€primaryÐ ¼, (, Ðconsideration,€including€in€matters€relating€to€family€law€(e.g.€custody€under€the€law€is€determinedÐ ¥-õ(- Ðby€the€childððs€age€rather€than€the€childððs€best€interests,€and€is€discriminatory).Ð ° ÐÌ400.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€review€its€legislation€and€administrativeÐ ‚Ò Ðmeasures€to€ensure€that€article€3€of€the€Convention€is€duly€reflected€therein€and€taken€intoÐ k» Ðconsideration.Ð T¤ ÐÌòòRight€to€lifeóóÐ & v ÐÌ401.€€As€the€age€of€majority€is€not€defined,€the€Committee€is€seriously€concerned€that€there€is€aÐ ø H Ðpossibility€that€the€death€penalty€may€be€imposed€for€offences€committed€by€persons€who€wereÐ á 1  Ðbelow€18€years€at€the€time€the€crime€was€committed,€contrary€to€articles€6€and€37€(a)€of€theÐ Ê   ÐConvention.Ð ³  ÐÌ402.€€The€Committee€strongly€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€immediate€steps€to€halt€andÐ …Õ  Ðabolish€by€law€the€imposition€of€the€death€penalty€for€crimes€committed€by€persons€under€18.Ð n¾  ÐÌòòRespect€for€the€views€of€the€childóóÐ @ ÐÌ403.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€respect€for€the€views€of€the€child€remains€limited€owing€toÐ b Ðtraditional€societal€attitudes€towards€children€in€schools,€the€courts,€and€especially€within€the€family.Ð ûK ÐÌ404.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€promote€and€facilitate,€within€the€family,€theÐ Í Ðschool,€the€courts€and€administrative€bodies,€respect€for€the€views€of€children€and€their€participationÐ ¶ Ðin€all€matters€affecting€them,€in€accordance€with€article€12€of€the€Convention.€€In€this€regard,€theÐ Ÿï ÐCommittee€recommends€that€the€State€party€develop€skills„training€programmes€in€communityÐ ˆØ Ðsettings€for€teachers,€social€workers€and€local€officials€to€assist€children€to€express€their€informedÐ qÁ Ðviews€and€opinions,€and€to€have€them€taken€into€consideration.€€The€Committee€recommends€thatÐ Zª Ðthe€State€party€seek€assistance€from€UNICEF,€among€others.Ð C“ ÐÌ4.€òòCivil€rights€and€freedomsóóÐ e ÐÌòòFreedom€of€thought,€conscience€and€religionóóÐ ç 7 ÐÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔÌ405.€€The€Committee€emphasizes€that€the€human€rights€of€children€cannot€be€realized€independentlyÐ ¹" ! Ðfrom€the€human€rights€of€their€parents,€or€in€isolation€from€society€at€largÔ#†X¹þXX X¹þâ@#ÔÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔe.€€Ô#†X¹þXX X¹þçA#ÔIn€light€of€articles€14Ð ¢#ò" Ðand€30€of€the€Convention€and€the€1981€Declaration€on€the€Elimination€of€All€Forms€of€IntoleranceÐ ‹$Û# Ðand€of€Discrimination€Based€on€Religion€or€Belief€(General€Assembly€resolution€36/55),€theÐ t%Ä $ ÐCommittee€is€concerned€at€the€restrictions€on€the€freedom€of€religion,€and€that€restrictions€on€theÐ ]&­!% Ðfreedom€to€manifest€oneððs€religion€do€not€comply€with€the€requirements€outlined€in€article€14,Ð F'–"& Ðparagraph€3.Ð /(#' ÐÌ406.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€all€effective€measures,€including€enactingÐ *Q%) Ðor€rescinding€legislation€where€necessary,€to€prevent€and€eliminate€discrimination€on€the€groundsÐ ê*:&* Ðof€religion€or€belief€in€the€recognition,€exercise€and€enjoyment€of€human€rights€and€fundamentalÐ Ó+#'+ Ðfreedoms€in€all€fields€of€civil,€economic,€political,€social€and€cultural€life.€€The€CommitteeÐ ¼, (, Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€make€every€effort,€including€public€education€campaigns,€to€combatÐ ¥-õ(- Ðintolerance€on€the€grounds€of€religion€or€other€belief.Ð ° ÐÌòòProtection€from€torture€and€inhuman€or€degrading€treatment€or€punishmentóóÐ ‚Ò ÐÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔÌ407.€€In€light€of€article€37€(a)€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€is€seriously€concerned€that€personsÐ T¤ Ðunder€18€may€be€subject€while€in€detention€to€corporal€punishment,€such€as€flogging,€under€articleÐ =  Ð28€of€the€1977€Detention€and€Imprisonment€RegulationÔ#†X¹þXX X¹þJG#ÔÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔs.€€Ô#†X¹þXX X¹þ²H#ÔIt€is€also€disturbed€that€persons€whoÐ & v Ðcommitted€crimes€when€they€were€under€18€may€be€sentenced€to€a€variety€of€methods€of€cruel,Ð  _ Ðinhuman€or€degrading€treatment€or€punishment€such€as€flogging,€stoning€and€amputation,€which€areÐ ø H Ðsystematically€imposed€by€judicial€authorities.€€The€Committee€finds€that€application€of€suchÐ á 1  Ðmeasures€is€incompatible€with€the€Convention.€€Moreover,€the€Committee€is€concerned€about€reportsÐ Ê   Ðthat€members€of€the€Committees€for€the€Propagation€of€Virtue€and€the€Prevention€of€Vice€routinelyÐ ³  Ðharass€and€assault€persons€under€18€for,€inter€alia,€dress€code€infractions.Ð œì  ÐÌ408.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€all€necessary€steps€to€end€the€impositionÐ n¾  Ðof€corporal€punishment,€including€flogging€and€other€forms€of€cruel,€inhuman€or€degradingÐ W§  Ðtreatment€and€punishment,€on€persons€who€may€have€committed€crimes€when€they€were€under€18.€Ð @ ÐIt€also€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€all€appropriate€measures€to€ensure€that€law€enforcementÐ )y Ðofficials€respect€and€protect€human€dignity€and€maintain€and€uphold€the€human€rights€of€all€personsÐ b Ðin€the€course€of€their€duties.Ð ûK ÐÌ5.€€òòFamily€environment€and€alternative€careóóÐ Í ÐÌòòViolence/abuse/neglect/maltreatmentóóÐ Ÿï ÐÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔÌ409.€€In€light€of€articles€19€and€39€of€the€Convention,€the€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€incidenceÐ qÁ Ðof€ill„treatment€of€children€in€schools€and€within€the€familÔ#†X¹þXX X¹þ×N#ÔÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔy.€€Ô#†X¹þXX X¹þÎO#ÔIt€is€further€concerned€that€domesticÐ Zª Ðviolence€is€a€problem€in€Saudi€Arabia€and€that€this€has€harmful€consequences€on€children.Ð C“ ÐÌ410.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€legislative€measures€to€prohibit€all€formsÐ e Ðof€physical€and€mental€violence,€including€corporal€punishment€and€sexual€abuse,€against€childrenÐ þN Ðin€the€family,€the€schools€and€care€institutions.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€these€measuresÐ ç 7 Ðbe€accompanied€by€public€education€campaigns€about€the€negative€consequences€of€ill„treatmentÐ Ð!   Ðof€children€and€the€promotion€of€positive,€non„violent€forms€of€discipline€as€an€alternative€toÐ ¹" ! Ðcorporal€punishment.€€Programmes€for€the€rehabilitation€and€reintegration€of€abused€children€needÐ ¢#ò" Ðto€be€strengthened.€€Moreover,€adequate€procedures€and€mechanisms€need€to€be€established€toÐ ‹$Û# Ðreceive€complaints;€monitor,€investigate€and€prosecute€instances€of€ill„treatment;€and€ensure€that€theÐ t%Ä $ Ðabused€child€is€not€victimized€in€legal€proceedings.€€The€Committee€recommends€the€training€ofÐ ]&­!% Ðteachers,€law€enforcement€officials,€care€workers,€judges€and€health€professionals€in€theÐ F'–"& Ðidentification,€reporting€and€management€of€cases€of€ill„treatment.€€In€addition,€the€State€partyÐ /(#' Ðshould€recruit,€train€and€employ€women€police€officers.€€Attention€should€be€given€to€addressing€andÐ )h$( Ðovercoming€socio„cultural€barriers€that€inhibit€victims€from€seeking€assistance.€€The€CommitteeÐ *Q%) Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€establish€hotlines€and€shelters,€staffed€by€women,€for€the€protectionÐ ê*:&* Ðof€women€and€children€at€risk€of€or€fleeing€abuse.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€partyÐ Ó+#'+ Ðseek€assistance€from€UNICEF€and€WHO,€among€others.Ð ¼, (, ÐÐ ¥-õ(- Ð6.€òòBasic€health€and€welfareóóÐ ° ÐÌòòRight€to€health€and€health€careóóÐ ‚Ò ÐÌ411.€€Taking€note€of€the€significant€achievements€in€the€development€of€primary€health€care€andÐ T¤ Ðspecialized€health€services,€the€Committee€is€concerned€at€the€insufficient€information€available€inÐ =  Ðrelation€to€adolescent€health,€such€as€information€on€access€to€reproductive€health€services€andÐ & v Ðmental€health€counselling€services.Ð  _ ÐÌ412.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€undertake€a€comprehensive€study€toÐ á 1  Ðunderstand€the€nature€and€extent€of€adolescent€health€problems€and,€with€the€full€participation€ofÐ Ê   Ðadolescents,€use€this€as€a€basis€to€formulate€adolescent€health€policies€and€programmes.€In€light€ofÐ ³  Ðarticle€24,€the€Committee€recommends€that€adolescents€have€access€to€and€be€provided€withÐ œì  Ðreproductive€health€education€and€child„friendly€counselling€and€rehabilitation€services.€€TheÐ …Õ  ÐCommittee€recommends€that€the€State€party€seek€assistance€from€UNICEF€and€WHO,€among€others.Ð n¾  ÐÌ7.€òòEducation,€leisure€and€cultural€activitiesóóÐ @ ÐÌòòEducationóóÐ b ÐÌ413.€€Noting€significant€efforts€by€the€State€party€to€improve€education€coverage,€the€CommitteeÐ ä4 Ðremains€concerned€that€the€system€of€education€continues€to€emphasize€rote€learning€rather€than€theÐ Í Ðdevelopment€of€analytical€skills.€€It€is€also€concerned€that€the€aims€of€education€presented€in€theÐ ¶ Ðreport€do€not€adequately€reflect€the€aims€outlined€under€article€29€of€the€Convention.€€In€particular:Ð Ÿï ÐÌ(a)€It€is€seriously€concerned€that€the€State€partyððs€policy€on€education€for€girls€(e.g.€articles€9€andÐ qÁ Ð153€of€the€1969€Policy€of€Education)€discriminates€against€girls€and€is€incompatible€with€article€29Ð Zª Ð(a)€of€the€Convention;€andÐ C“ ÐÌ(b)€That€the€development€of€and€respect€for€human€rights,€tolerance€and€equality€of€the€sexes€andÐ e Ðof€religious€and€ethnic€minorities€are€not€explicitly€included€in€the€curricula.Ð þN ÐÌ414.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€undertake€a€process€of€curriculum€andÐ Ð!   Ðteaching€methodology€reform€with€the€full€participation€of€children,€which€stresses€the€importanceÐ ¹" ! Ðof€developing€critical€thinking€and€problem„solving€skills.€€In€light€of€article€2€of€the€Convention,Ð ¢#ò" Ðthe€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€take€due€regard€of€article€29€and€direct€educationÐ ‹$Û# Ðto€the€development€of€the€childððs€personality,€talents€and€mental€and€physical€abilities€to€the€fullestÐ t%Ä $ Ðand€consider€introducing€human€rights,€including€the€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child,€intoÐ ]&­!% Ðthe€school€curricula,€including€at€the€primary€school€level,€in€order€to€address€discrimination€againstÐ F'–"& Ðgirls€in€particular.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€seek€assistance€from€UNICEF€andÐ /(#' ÐUNESCO,€among€others.Ð )h$( ÐÌÌÌÌÐ ¥-õ(- Ð8.€òòSpecial€measures€of€protectionóóÐ ° ÐÌòòAdministration€of€juvenile€justiceóóÐ ‚Ò ÐÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔÌ415.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€as€the€age€of€majority€is€not€defined,€and€in€the€absence€ofÐ T¤ Ða€published€criminal€code€and€code€of€criminal€procedure,€persons€under€18€may€be€prosecuted€forÐ =  Ðcrimes€in€the€same€manner€as€adults€(i.e.€without€special€procedures)€and€be€subject€to€the€sameÐ & v Ðpenalties€as€adultÔ#†X¹þXX X¹þ{e#ÔÔ‡ X¹þXXX¹þÔs.€€Ô#†X¹þXX X¹þ1g#ÔThe€Committee€is€also€concerned€that€the€lack€of€an€independent€and€effectiveÐ  _ Ðchild„friendly€monitoring€and€complaints€mechanism€and€adequate€access€to€legal€counsel€may€putÐ ø H Ða€child€at€risk€of€arbitrary€arrest€and€detention€under€the€1977€Detention€and€ImprisonmentÐ á 1  ÐRegulations€and€the€1983€Principles€of€Arrest,€Temporary€Confinement€and€Preventative€DetentionÐ Ê   ÐRegulations.€€The€Committee€is€concerned€that€females€under€18€are€detained€with€adult€femalesÐ ³  Ðunder€the€1975€Statutes€of€the€Welfare€Institutions€for€Young€Women.Ð œì  ÐÌ416.€€The€Committee€recommends€that€the€State€party€establish€a€system€of€juvenile€justice,€fullyÐ n¾  Ðintegrating€into€its€legislation€and€practice€the€provisions€of€the€Convention,€in€particular€articlesÐ W§  Ð37,€40€and€39,€as€well€as€other€relevant€international€standards€in€this€area,€such€as€the€Beijing€Rules,Ð @ Ðthe€Riyadh€Guidelines,€the€United€Nations€Rules€for€the€Protection€of€Juveniles€Deprived€of€theirÐ )y ÐLiberty€and€the€Vienna€Guidelines€for€Action€on€Children€in€the€Criminal€Justice€System.€€ItÐ b Ðrecommends€that€the€State€party€expedite€the€promulgation€of€a€criminal€code€and€a€code€of€criminalÐ ûK Ðprocedure.€€Particular€attention€should€be€paid€to€ensure€that:€deprivation€of€liberty€is€only€used€asÐ ä4 Ða€measure€of€last€resort;€children€have€access€to€legal€aid€and€independent€and€effective€complaintsÐ Í Ðmechanisms;€and€persons€under€18€are€not€detained€with€adults.€€The€Committee€recommends€thatÐ ¶ Ðthe€State€party€seek€assistance€from,€among€others,€the€Office€of€the€High€Commissioner€for€HumanÐ Ÿï ÐRights,€the€Centre€for€International€Crime€Prevention,€the€International€Network€on€Juvenile€JusticeÐ ˆØ Ðand€UNICEF,€through€the€Coordination€Panel€on€Technical€Advice€and€Assistance€on€JuvenileÐ qÁ ÐJustice.Ð Zª ÐÌ9.€òòOptional€ProtocolsóóÐ ,| ÐÌ417.€€The€Committee€encourages€the€State€party€to€ratify€and€implement€the€Optional€Protocols€toÐ þN Ðthe€Convention€on€the€Rights€of€the€Child€on€the€sale€of€children,€child€prostitution€and€childÐ ç 7 Ðpornography,€and€on€the€involvement€of€children€in€armed€conflict.Ð Ð!   ÐÌ10.€òòDissemination€of€reportsóóÐ ¢#ò" ÐÌ418.€€Finally,€the€Committee€recommends€that€in€accordance€with€article€44,€paragraph€6,€of€theÐ t%Ä $ ÐConvention,€the€initial€report€presented€by€the€State€party€be€made€widely€available€to€the€public€atÐ ]&­!% Ðlarge€and€that€consideration€be€given€to€the€publication€of€the€report€along€with€the€written€answersÐ F'–"& Ðto€the€list€of€issues€raised€by€the€Committee,€the€relevant€summary€records€of€the€discussion,€andÐ /(#' Ðthe€concluding€observations€adopted€by€the€Committee€following€its€consideration€of€the€report.€Ð )h$( ÐSuch€a€document€should€be€widely€distributed€in€order€to€generate€debate€and€awareness€of€theÐ *Q%) ÐConvention€and€its€implementation€and€monitoring€within€the€Government,€the€Parliament€and€theÐ ê*:&* Ðgeneral€public,€including€concerned€non„governmental€organizations.Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÓÂÓ