ÿWPC[ %E…p®í­G«ï9° ôärù懓$|B¥NéŽ.ã'¸&<ï²cî»…^¹ª×ºGO²3Š®(x\ò¿ª½þÇw[.Þ-5)P&%ôç8ï‘ë®ãb @u?Û»ãÞîɾà1BäÓ"^Ýaš_H oüo49¾$×wš9 –EqÚ®PË AÝå÷gŒha–|Ôë6àu.»pAî£Ù¾5|Îi„ÒÅi«}¤qªˆ&X9"wÓ}>Ä$p by܆ðY÷48¬#f¸e l|ýÒ¤–çzØbåª^Š¢†éÔ÷^[Ú~&èT¨Í–:ö!Ó†)}¢²G¹´’á}PYrE0 HÃyöYyŽœ&’Ç{ƺðáÃÒºÎPŸèëÆJO†¨Ëô_£“vüðK§[ýº™®äš¨~iê·.(^²ê”žuöþŸÙN®–\½IsV@aNŽ'CÇN÷ 軽ÿžØ ûĶ¿è}D?`ÁçiI¼dÉþYLó®Ýjõ JF2ÐZçþõM ͪÁéc'½NvŒç‘„ eb+ìF|öÌÖg`Ù¶½$^±Fp¦.l{šÓU6»Ÿ¸H>'á^ «ÍPöY1j ÀQ #Á¶UNw %Å 0:Ë^ w4)8 m:QNY˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PSÈÙØÙÙØÈÙ0&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ôp–n, —{m,¤÷Ÿ°#Ÿ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ  Óà@ÀÀ'ìàÔ€¼o0»XXÔò òSOMALIAˆÐ ° ÐÌÔ€X>®X»¼o0ÔÔ_ÔCERDÔ_Ô€€A/34/18€(1979)Ð Ò" ÐÌÌó ó150.€€The€initial€report€of€Somalia€(Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/39)€was€introduced€by€the€representative€of€thatÐ  à Ðcountry€who€stated€that€the€report€should€be€considered€as€a€preface€to€a€detailed€report€which€hisÐ y É ÐGovernment€was€planning€to€submit€as€soon€as€possible€and€to€which€all€relevant€legal€texts€wouldÐ b ² Ðbe€annexed.€€The€representative€referred€to€a€draft€constitution€approved€by€the€revolutionaryÐ K › Ðsocialist€party€of€Somalia€early€in€1979€and€stated€that€it€included€a€number€of€basic€provisionsÐ 4 „  Ðgiving€effects€to€some€of€the€provisions€of€the€Convention.€€The€Government€expected€to€submit€theÐ m  Ðdraft€Constitution€to€a€referendum€early€in€the€summer€of€1979,€after€which€the€text€of€all€theÐ V  Ðprovisions€relating€to€the€Convention€would€be€communicated€to€the€Committee.€€One€member€ofÐ ï?  Ðthe€Committee€substantially€supplemented€the€information€presented€by€the€Government.€€FullÐ Ø(  Ðcoverage€has€been€given€in€the€summary€records€to€this€statement.Ð Á  ÐÌ151.€€The€discussion€in€the€Committee€revolved€around€the€quality€of€the€report.€€Since€the€initialÐ “ã Ðreport€of€Somalia€was€due€in€1976€and€had€been€submitted€in€1978,€a€more€detailed€presentation€wasÐ |Ì Ðexpected€by€the€Committee.€€Members€of€the€Committee€noted€that€the€report€consisted€essentiallyÐ eµ Ðof€general€affirmations:€that€Somalia€was€strongly€opposed€to€colonialism,€neo„colonialism€andÐ Nž Ðracism€in€all€its€forms;€that€existing€national€legislation€was€in€conformity€with€the€provisions€of€theÐ 7‡ ÐConvention;€that€racial€discrimination€did€not€exist€in€Somalia;€and€that€further€legislative€measuresÐ  p Ðto€implement€the€terms€of€the€Convention€were€hence€unnecessary.Ð  Y ÐÌ152.€€Members€of€the€Committee€asked€for€the€texts€of€the€legislative,€judicial€and€administrativeÐ Û+ Ðmeasures€referred€to€in€the€report.€€Recognizing€a€reference€to€certain€provisions€of€the€Penal€CodeÐ Ä Ðprohibiting€racial€discrimination,€a€member€inquired€when€the€Code€had€been€adopted€and€whetherÐ ­ý Ðit€would€remain€in€force€under€the€projected€new€Constitution.€€Another€member€noted€that€noÐ –æ Ðmention€was€made€in€the€report€of€any€measures€taken€to€implement€article€4€(a)€and€(b)€of€theÐ Ï ÐConvention,€which€had€been€regarded€as€mandatory€for€States€parties,€and€hoped€that€in€its€nextÐ h¸ Ðreport€of€the€Government€of€Somalia€would€indicate€the€legislation€satisfying€those€requirements.€Ð Q ¡ ÐIt€was€further€noted€that€the€Constitution€had€remained€in€force€from€July€1960€to€October€1969,Ð :!Š Ðafter€which€the€First€Charter€of€the€Revolution€had€been€promulgated.€€A€member€inquired€what€theÐ #"s  Ðlegal€status€of€that€Charter€was€and€whether€it€had€been€followed€by€others.€€He€considered€it€usefulÐ  #\! Ðfor€the€Committee€to€receive€details€of€the€provisions€of€the€Charter.Ð õ#E" ÐÌ153.€€The€Committee€expressed€the€hope€that€detailed€information€would€be€supplied€in€the€nextÐ Ç%!$ Ðreport€which€should€be€submitted€as€soon€as€possible.€€Some€members€suggested€in€particular€thatÐ °&"% Ðthe€Government€of€Somalia€should€base€its€next€report€on€the€general€guidelines€and€decisions€andÐ ™'é"& Ðrecommendations€of€the€Committee€concerning€the€information€which€the€Committee€wished€toÐ ‚(Ò#' Ðreceive€from€States€parties€to€the€Convention.Ð k)»$( ÐÌ154.€€The€representative€of€Somalia€replied€to€a€number€of€questions€raised€by€the€members€andÐ =+&* Ðassured€the€Committee€that€future€reports€would€follow€the€Committeeððs€guidelines€and€wouldÐ &,v'+ Ðprovide€the€information€requested€by€the€members.€€In€view€of€the€fact€that€the€draft€ConstitutionÐ -_(, ÐÔ_Ôwould€not€be€submitted€to€the€people€before€the€middle€of€1979,€no€new€report€could€be€preparedÐ ° Ðbefore€that€date.Ð ™é ÐÌÐ  k» Ðò òÔ_ÔCERDÔ_Ô€€A/40/18€(1985)Ð ° ÐÌó ó412.€€The€second,€third€and€fourth€periodic€reports€of€Somalia€submitted€in€one€documentÐ „Ô Ð(Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/88/Add.6)€were€considered€by€the€Committee€at€its€728òòthóó€meeting,€held€on€6€August€1985Ð m½ Ð(Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/SR.728).Ð V¦ ÐÌ413.€€The€report€was€introduced€by€the€representative€of€Somalia€who€stated€that€the€rights€andÐ ( x Ðfreedoms€which€the€Convention€was€designed€to€protect€were€enshrined€in€the€Somali€ConstitutionÐ  a Ðof€1979,€and€that€her€Government€had€made€efforts€to€improve€the€quality€of€life€of€the€wholeÐ ú J Ðcommunity,€giving€particular€emphasis€to€education,€health€and€the€social€sector.€€Finally,€effortsÐ ã 3  Ðwere€being€made€to€publicize€more€widely€the€texts€of€international€instruments€concerning€theÐ Ì   Ðprotection€of€human€rights€in€order€to€minimize€the€possibility€of€violations€of€those€rights.Ð µ  ÐÌ414.€€The€Committee€welcomed€the€resumption€of€dialogue€with€Somalia,€but€pointed€out€that€theÐ ‡×  Ðreport€did€not€follow€the€Committeeððs€general€guidelines€(Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/70/Rev.1)€and€did€notÐ pÀ  Ðadequately€cover€legislative,€judicial€and€administrative€measures€taken€to€eliminate€racialÐ Y©  Ðdiscrimination.€€In€that€connection,€members€requested€more€information€on€Somaliaððs€traditionsÐ B’ Ðand€customs€for€a€better€appreciation€of€the€efforts€being€made€by€the€Government€to€tackle€whatÐ +{ Ðthe€Somali€President€had€described€as€the€problem€of€tribalism€and€self„interest.€€The€CommitteeÐ d Ðalso€expressed€the€hope€that€the€next€report€would€contain€more€detailed€information€on€theÐ ýM Ðimplementation€of€articles€2€to€7€of€the€Convention.Ð æ6 ÐÌ415.€€With€regard€to€article€2,€the€Committee€would€welcome€more€details€on€the€composition€ofÐ ¸ Ðthe€various€ethnic€groups€and€cultures€in€the€country,€the€level€of€education€within€those€groups€andÐ ¡ñ Ðother€Ô_ÔsocioÔ_Ô„economic€data.€€Information€was€also€requested€on€how€the€problem€of€refugees,€whoÐ ŠÚ Ðwere€estimated€to€comprise€as€much€as€40€per€cent€of€the€total€population,€was€being€tackled,€bothÐ sà Ðat€the€political€level€and€at€the€bilateral€and€multilateral€levels;€it€was€also€asked€what€specificÐ \¬ Ðmeasures€had€been€taken€by€the€Government€to€ensure€that€the€principle€of€a€universal€right€toÐ E• Ðeducation€was€applied€in€the€case€of€the€nomadic€peoples.Ð .~ ÐÌ416.€€In€relation€to€article€3€of€the€Convention,€one€member€asked€whether€Somalia€maintainedÐ  P Ðdiplomatic€and€commercial€relations€with€the€racist€Ô_ÔrgimeÔ_Ô€of€South€Africa.Ð é 9 ÐÌ417.€€Further€information€was€requested€on€the€implementation€of€article€4€in€the€criminal€law€ofÐ »" ! Ðthe€country.Ð ¤#ô" ÐÌ418.€€Referring€to€the€implementation€of€article€5€of€the€Convention,€members€asked€how€the€rightÐ v%Æ $ Ðto€life,€the€right€of€detainees€not€to€be€tortured€and€to€be€brought€to€trial€within€a€certain€period,€theÐ _&¯!% Ðright€of€association€and€the€right€to€freedom€of€movement€were€safeguarded.€€They€also€wished€toÐ H'˜"& Ðknow€to€what€extent€civil€and€political€rights€were€being€protected€and€promoted.Ð 1(#' ÐÌ419.€€As€far€as€article€6€of€the€Convention€was€concerned,€members€requested€further€details€on€howÐ *S%) Ðtraditional€Somali€law€was€being€applied;€for€example€it€was€asked€whether€the€Government€couldÐ ì*<&* Ðarrest€an€offender€if€his€family€was€not€willing€to€pay€compensation€in€material€form.Ð Õ+%'+ ÐÌ420.€€In€reply€to€questions€raised€and€observations€made€by€members€of€the€Committee,€theÐ §-÷(- Ðrepresentative€of€Somalia€explained€that€the€absence€of€any€reference€to€the€demographic€situationÐ ° Ðwas€perhaps€an€oversight€in€the€sense€that€the€people€of€Somalia€had€all€the€characteristics€of€aÐ ™é Ðsingle€nation€„€the€same€language,€ancestral€origin€and€religion.€€No€distinctions€were€therefore€madeÐ ‚Ò Ðin€that€respect.€€None€the€less€an€effort€would€be€made€to€include€that€aspect€in€future€reports.Ð k» ÐÌ421.€€Replying€to€other€questions€and€comments,€she€said€that,€whereas€previously€public€life€hadÐ =  Ðbeen€based€on€tribalism,€a€successful€campaign€had€been€launched€to€overcome€the€negativeÐ & v Ðexperience€to€which€that€had€given€rise.€€Thus,€blood€compensation€according€to€traditional€SomaliÐ  _ Ðlaw€was€no€longer€Ô_ÔpractisedÔ_Ô.€€€The€award€of€material€compensation€between€families€instead€ofÐ ø H Ðrestricting€the€liberty€of€an€offender€depended€on€the€type€of€crime.€€The€Penal€Code€in€certain€casesÐ á 1  Ðdid€not€allow€for€compensation.Ð Ê   ÐÌ422.€€Efforts€were€being€made€to€ensure€that€the€new€generation€of€nomadic€people€had€the€fullÐ œì  Ðadvantages€of€education.€€Special€emphasis€was€being€placed€on€rural€development.Ð …Õ  ÐÌ423.€€Refugees€created€a€real€problem€in€Somalia€which€remained€to€be€solved,€though€economicÐ W§  Ðassistance€was€available€from€the€international€community.€€According€to€article€24€of€the€SomaliÐ @ ÐConstitution,€every€citizen€was€free€to€participate€in€an€assembly€and€Ô_ÔSomaliansÔ_Ô€were€in€fact€freeÐ )y Ðto€associate€in€their€daily€lives.€€Concerning€personal€freedom,€safeguards€did€exist€in€cases€ofÐ b Ðdetention€and€consequently,€if€investigations€did€not€produce€results€within€a€specified€and€limitedÐ ûK Ðtime,€the€detainee€had€to€be€released.€€Concerning€appointments€to€positions,€such€as€judge€of€theÐ ä4 ÐSupreme€Court,€she€said€that€it€was€a€question€of€career€and€competence;€decisions€on€suchÐ Í Ðappointments€were€taken€by€the€Council€of€Ministers€and€Ministers€themselves€were€appointed€byÐ ¶ ÐParliament.Ð Ÿï ÐÌ424.€€She€also€stated€that€Somalia€had€been€consistently€opposed€to€òòapartheidóó€and€was€a€member€ofÐ qÁ Ðthe€Special€Committee€against€òòApartheidóó.€€As€a€matter€of€principle€Somalia€did€not€have,€nor€didÐ Zª Ðit€envisage€having,€any€relations€with€the€South€African€Ô_ÔrgimeÔ_Ô.€Ð C“ ÐÌ425.€€She€assured€the€Committee€that€she€would€transmit€the€comments€made€by€members€„Ð e Ðincluding€the€reference€to€preparation€of€reports€according€to€the€Committeeððs€guidelines€„€to€theÐ þN ÐGovernment€which€would€take€them€into€account€in€the€next€report.Ð ç 7 ÐÌÐ  ¹" ! Ðò òÔ_ÔCERDÔ_Ô€€A/47/18€(1992)Ð ° ÐÌó óÌ224.€€At€its€949òòthóó€meeting,€on€10€August€1992€(see€Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/SR.949),€the€Committee€took€note€ofÐ m½ Ðthe€request€by€the€Permanent€Mission€of€Somalia€to€the€United€Nations€at€Geneva€to€deferÐ V¦ Ðconsideration€of€the€report€of€Somalia€until€the€situation€in€that€country€had€been€clarified.Ð ?  ÐÌ225.€€After€hearing€from€its€country€rapporteur€about€the€situation€in€that€country,€and€debating€theÐ  a Ðissue€in€the€absence€of€a€representative€of€the€State€party,€the€Committee€decided€to€defer€for€oneÐ ú J Ðyear€its€consideration€of€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€in€Somalia.Ð ã 3  ÐÌ226.€€Taking€account€of€the€report€of€the€Secretary„General€to€the€Security€Council€(S/24343),€theÐ µ  ÐCommittee€expressed€its€concern€about€the€tragic€circumstances€prevailing€in€Somalia,€whichÐ žî  Ðinclude€conflicts€based€on€descent.Ð ‡×  ÐÌ227.€€The€Committee€trusts€that€the€Security€Council€and€other€competent€organs€of€the€UnitedÐ Y©  ÐNations,€in€cooperation€with€regional€and€non„governmental€organizations,€will€continue€to€doÐ B’ Ðeverything€possible€to€bring€to€an€end€the€violation€of€human€rights€in€Somalia.Ð +{ ÐÌÌÐ  æ6 Ðò òÔ_ÔCERDÔ_Ô€€A/50/18€(1995)Ð ° ÐÌó ó593.€€At€its€1115òòthóó€meeting€on€10€August€1995€(see€Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/SR.1114)€the€Committee€reviewed€theÐ „Ô Ðimplementation€of€the€Convention€by€Somalia,€after€having€recalled€that€at€its€949òòthóó€meeting€it€hadÐ m½ Ðdecided€to€defer€further€consideration€of€the€situation€in€that€country€(A/47/18,€para.€225).Ð V¦ ÐÌ594.€€Members€regretted€that€no€new€report€was€available€to€them€and€that€no€State€representativeÐ ( x Ðwas€present.Ð  a ÐÌ595.€€Members€deplored€the€prevailing€lack€of€protection€for€human€rights€in€Somalia.€€They€calledÐ ã 3  Ðon€the€Somali€people€to€put€an€end€to€their€conflicts€and€to€work€for€national€reconciliation.€Ð Ì   ÐMembers€regretted€that,€despite€the€advice€of€some€regional€organizations,€the€internationalÐ µ  Ðcommunity€had€ceased€its€attempts€to€restore€peace.€€They€expressed€appreciation€for€the€continuingÐ žî  Ðcontributions€of€humanitarian€organizations.€€Finally,€members€hoped€that€the€General€AssemblyÐ ‡×  Ðwould€call€on€the€Security€Council€and€all€states€to€halt€the€supply€of€arms€to€the€contending€parties.€Ð pÀ  ÐÌ596.€€The€Committee€decided€to€reconsider€the€situation€in€Somalia€again€at€its€forty„ninth€sessionÐ B’ Ðin€August€1996€by€which€time€it€hoped€to€receive€additional€information€from€other€United€NationsÐ +{ Ðbodies€in€touch€with€developments€in€the€country.Ð d ÐÌÐ  æ6 Ðò òÔ_ÔCERDÔ_Ô€€A/51/18€Ô_Ô(1996)Ô_ÔÐ ° ÐÌó ó434.€€At€its€1166òòthóó€meeting,€held€on€12€August€1996€(see€Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/SR.1166),€the€CommitteeÐ „Ô Ðreviewed€the€implementation€of€the€Convention€by€Somalia€based€upon€its€previous€reportsÐ m½ Ð(Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/88/Add.6)€and€its€consideration€by€the€Committee€(see€Ô_ÔCERDÔ_Ô/C/SR.728€and€1114).€€TheÐ V¦ ÐCommittee€noted€with€regret€that€no€report€had€been€submitted€to€the€Committee€since€1984.Ð ?  ÐÌ435.€€Noting€that€there€is€a€complete€breakdown€of€law€and€order€and€no€effective€government,€theÐ  a ÐCommittee€decides€that€it€will€return€to€review€the€State€Partyððs€implementation€of€the€InternationalÐ ú J ÐConvention€once€political€stability€has€been€re„established.Ð ã 3  ÐÌ436.€€In€the€future€the€Government€of€Somalia€may€wish€to€avail€itself€of€the€technical€assistanceÐ µ  Ðoffered€under€the€advisory€services€and€technical€assistance€Ô_ÔprogrammeÔ_Ô€of€the€Ô_ÔCentreÔ_Ô€for€HumanÐ žî  ÐRights,€with€the€aim€of€preparing€and€submitting€an€updated€report€drafted€in€accordance€with€theÐ ‡×  Ðreporting€guidelines.Ð pÀ  ÐÌÌÌÌ